Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a well-known healthcare-associated diarrheal disease. Fidaxomicin, a key antibiotic used to treat CDI, targets bacterial RNA polymerase. However, some clinical isolates have mutations in rpoB, which reduces their susceptibility to this antibiotic. In this study, the effects of rpoB mutations on the virulence of C. difficile and efficacy of fidaxomicin against CDI were evaluated in vivo.
Methods
An rpoB mutant strain (C. difficile G1073R-2024) with reduced fidaxomicin susceptibility was generated through spontaneous induction in a murine CDI model from the parental strain C. difficile VPI 10463. The virulence and therapeutic responses of the mutant strain were compared with those of the parental strain using a CDI model, including survival rate, body weight changes, clinical scores, and bacterial loads in feces.
Results
C. difficile G1073R-2024 had an amino acid alteration in Gln1073Arg and the minimum inhibitory concentration of fidaxomicin was 128 μg/mL. In vivo virulence was not significantly different between strains. Fidaxomicin treatment resulted in 100 % survival rates and a comparable reduction in the bacterial load for both strains.
Conclusions
Fidaxomicin was effective against CDI caused by the rpoB mutant strain. The emergence of such mutations highlights the need for ongoing surveillance of drug resistance trends in clinical settings.
{"title":"In vivo efficacy of fidaxomicin against rpoB mutant Clostridioides difficile infection","authors":"Mai Thu Hoai , Yutaro Hitomi , Tsutomu Fujii , Yoshitomo Morinaga","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection (CDI) is a well-known healthcare-associated diarrheal disease. Fidaxomicin, a key antibiotic used to treat CDI, targets bacterial RNA polymerase. However, some clinical isolates have mutations in <em>rpoB</em>, which reduces their susceptibility to this antibiotic. In this study, the effects of <em>rpoB</em> mutations on the virulence of <em>C. difficile</em> and efficacy of fidaxomicin against CDI were evaluated <em>in vivo</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An <em>rpoB</em> mutant strain (<em>C. difficile</em> G1073R-2024) with reduced fidaxomicin susceptibility was generated through spontaneous induction in a murine CDI model from the parental strain <em>C. difficile</em> VPI 10463. The virulence and therapeutic responses of the mutant strain were compared with those of the parental strain using a CDI model, including survival rate, body weight changes, clinical scores, and bacterial loads in feces.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>C. difficile</em> G1073R-2024 had an amino acid alteration in Gln1073Arg and the minimum inhibitory concentration of fidaxomicin was 128 μg/mL. <em>In vivo</em> virulence was not significantly different between strains. Fidaxomicin treatment resulted in 100 % survival rates and a comparable reduction in the bacterial load for both strains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Fidaxomicin was effective against CDI caused by the <em>rpoB</em> mutant strain. The emergence of such mutations highlights the need for ongoing surveillance of drug resistance trends in clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102991
Victoria Horrocks , Charlotte K. Hind , J. Mark Sutton , Rachel M. Tribe , A. James Mason
Objectives
This study evaluates how well a vaginal defined medium (VDM) replicates the in vivo metabolic behaviour of key vaginal microbiota members - Lactobacillus crispatus, L. jensenii, and diverse Gardnerella vaginalis isolates - compared to brain heart infusion (BHI) medium.
Methods
We used 1H NMR spectroscopy to characterise metabolic profiles during in vitro growth of Lactobacillus and Gardnerella species in VDM and BHI. Differences in metabolite production, growth, acidification, and carbohydrate utilisation were assessed.
Results
Both L.crispatus and L. jensenii grow well in VDM, produce substantially more lactate than in BHI, and acidify the culture more strongly - better reflecting the low pH environment of Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiota. In contrast, G. vaginalis grows less robustly in VDM than in BHI, though key metabolic traits such as the Bifidobacterium shunt and mixed acid fermentation (evidenced by formate production) are preserved. Notably, neither genus consume available glucose, yet still ferment carbohydrates, suggesting a metabolic preference for glycogen over glucose. Evidence of glucose release further indicates glycogen breakdown in culture.
Conclusions
VDM more accurately models the metabolic activity and environmental effects of vaginal Lactobacillus species than BHI, particularly in terms of acidification and lactate production. Although G. vaginalis growth is limited in VDM, its characteristic metabolic pathways remain evident. These findings underscore the value of VDM in modelling key metabolic features of the vaginal microbiota, especially under conditions where Lactobacillus dominate or Gardnerella is prevalent.
{"title":"Metabolism of Lactobacillus and Gardnerella vaginalis in vaginal defined media","authors":"Victoria Horrocks , Charlotte K. Hind , J. Mark Sutton , Rachel M. Tribe , A. James Mason","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study evaluates how well a vaginal defined medium (VDM) replicates the i<em>n vivo</em> metabolic behaviour of key vaginal microbiota members - <em>Lactobacillus crispatus</em>, <em>L. jensenii</em>, and diverse <em>Gardnerella vaginalis</em> isolates - compared to brain heart infusion (BHI) medium.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy to characterise metabolic profiles during <em>in vitro</em> growth of <em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Gardnerella</em> species in VDM and BHI. Differences in metabolite production, growth, acidification, and carbohydrate utilisation were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both <em>L.</em> <em>crispatus</em> and <em>L. jensenii</em> grow well in VDM, produce substantially more lactate than in BHI, and acidify the culture more strongly - better reflecting the low pH environment of <em>Lactobacillus</em>-dominant vaginal microbiota. In contrast, <em>G. vaginalis</em> grows less robustly in VDM than in BHI, though key metabolic traits such as the Bifidobacterium shunt and mixed acid fermentation (evidenced by formate production) are preserved. Notably, neither genus consume available glucose, yet still ferment carbohydrates, suggesting a metabolic preference for glycogen over glucose. Evidence of glucose release further indicates glycogen breakdown in culture.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>VDM more accurately models the metabolic activity and environmental effects of vaginal <em>Lactobacillus</em> species than BHI, particularly in terms of acidification and lactate production. Although <em>G. vaginalis</em> growth is limited in VDM, its characteristic metabolic pathways remain evident. These findings underscore the value of VDM in modelling key metabolic features of the vaginal microbiota, especially under conditions where <em>Lactobacillus</em> dominate or <em>Gardnerella</em> is prevalent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102991"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102990
Klemen Trsinar , Sabina Mlakar , Franc Janzekovic , Maja Rupnik , Sandra Janezic
Objective
We aimed to investigate the prevalence, genotypic diversity, and clonality of Clostridioides difficile strains from household composters and faeces of small mammals captured nearby.
Methods
Compost piles from three locations were sampled, with three compost samples collected from each bin. Additionally, 5–6 small mammals were trapped around each compost pile. C. difficile was isolated from faecal and compost samples and characterized with PCR ribotyping, toxinotyping, and genome sequencing.
Results
C. difficile was detected in all nine compost samples, while only two (12.5 %) of 16 small mammal faecal samples tested positive. Ten PCR ribotypes (RTs) were identified, with only one, RT014/020, being toxigenic. The remaining nine RTs belonged to two cryptic clades, C-II and C-III. Some of the isolates from cryptic clades i.e. RT SLO 308 carried a divergent tcdA gene and yielded weakly positive results with C. diff Quik Chek Complete immunoassay. Clonal C. difficile isolates of RT SLO 308 were found at the same site in both a compost sample and a small mammal, suggesting potential transmission. Clonality was also observed among isolates from different compost samples within a single pile.
Conclusions
While our study could not establish the exact direction of C. difficile transmission between compost and mice, it highlights the role of small mammals within the One Health framework of C. difficile transmission pathways.
{"title":"High prevalence and clonality of Clostridioides difficile isolates from cryptic clades in household composters and small mammals","authors":"Klemen Trsinar , Sabina Mlakar , Franc Janzekovic , Maja Rupnik , Sandra Janezic","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to investigate the prevalence, genotypic diversity, and clonality of <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> strains from household composters and faeces of small mammals captured nearby.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Compost piles from three locations were sampled, with three compost samples collected from each bin. Additionally, 5–6 small mammals were trapped around each compost pile. <em>C. difficile</em> was isolated from faecal and compost samples and characterized with PCR ribotyping, toxinotyping, and genome sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>C. difficile</em> was detected in all nine compost samples, while only two (12.5 %) of 16 small mammal faecal samples tested positive. Ten PCR ribotypes (RTs) were identified, with only one, RT014/020, being toxigenic. The remaining nine RTs belonged to two cryptic clades, C-II and C-III. Some of the isolates from cryptic clades i.e. RT SLO 308 carried a divergent <em>tcd</em>A gene and yielded weakly positive results with <em>C. diff</em> Quik Chek Complete immunoassay. Clonal <em>C. difficile</em> isolates of RT SLO 308 were found at the same site in both a compost sample and a small mammal, suggesting potential transmission. Clonality was also observed among isolates from different compost samples within a single pile.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While our study could not establish the exact direction of <em>C. difficile</em> transmission between compost and mice, it highlights the role of small mammals within the One Health framework of <em>C. difficile</em> transmission pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102988
Terry W. Bilverstone , Morgan E. Simpson , Nicholas Hagspiel , William A. Petri , Sarah A. Kuehne , Nigel P. Minton
Two-component system signalling is involved in several processes relevant to Clostridioides difficile virulence. We demonstrate that deletion of the orphan histidine kinase rgaS (R20291_0503), reduces detectable toxin in the supernatant of R20291 and impairs virulence in a mouse model of infection. These data suggest that RgaS regulates virulence capabilities in hypervirulent C. difficile.
{"title":"Deletion of rgaS reduces virulence in a mouse model of Clostridioides difficile infection","authors":"Terry W. Bilverstone , Morgan E. Simpson , Nicholas Hagspiel , William A. Petri , Sarah A. Kuehne , Nigel P. Minton","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-component system signalling is involved in several processes relevant to <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> virulence. We demonstrate that deletion of the orphan histidine kinase <em>rgaS</em> (R20291_0503), reduces detectable toxin in the supernatant of R20291 and impairs virulence in a mouse model of infection. These data suggest that RgaS regulates virulence capabilities in hypervirulent <em>C. difficile</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102989
Paul A. Lawson , Samuel Miller
{"title":"Novel anaerobic taxa and taxonomic revisions published in 2024, and requirements for the validation process to establish taxon names with standing in the literature","authors":"Paul A. Lawson , Samuel Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102989","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102986
Paige McGraw , Su-Chen Lim , Deirdre A. Collins , Thomas V. Riley
Public park soils in Perth, Western Australia were investigated for Clostridioides difficile. C. difficile was found at a high prevalence of 73 %. Over 19 % of the C. difficile isolates were toxigenic, including clinically relevant C. difficile ribotypes 014/020 and 106. Additionally, an esculin-hydrolysis negative, A+B−CDT- isolate was recovered.
{"title":"Toxigenic, atypical strains of Clostridioides difficile isolated from soils of Western Australian public parks","authors":"Paige McGraw , Su-Chen Lim , Deirdre A. Collins , Thomas V. Riley","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Public park soils in Perth, Western Australia were investigated for <em>Clostridioides difficile. C. difficile</em> was found at a high prevalence of 73 %. Over 19 % of the <em>C. difficile</em> isolates were toxigenic, including clinically relevant <em>C. difficile</em> ribotypes 014/020 and 106. Additionally, an esculin-hydrolysis negative, A<sup>+</sup>B<sup>−</sup>CDT<sup>-</sup> isolate was recovered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102984
Yuliang Zhao, Haijuan Qin, Yuhua Lyu, Song Yan, Huali Yu
Background
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation is a new and efficient biological denitrification process, which has been used in practice. Research on the effect of microplastics (MPs) on anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process is limited.
Topic
In this study, the effects of short-term exposure of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with different particle sizes for 12 h on anammox granular sludge (AnGS) and the metabolic mechanism of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) were studied.
Results
The results showed that the acute exposure of anammox reactor to PET-MPs could promote the denitrification rate of the reactor. The enzyme activity of hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH), the key enzyme of anammox reaction, was increased under acute exposure of different particle sizes of PET-MPs. PET-MPs with larger particle size had a stronger promoting effect on the treatment efficiency and HDH activity of the reactor. PET-MPs could stimulate AnAOB to secrete a large amount of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Metabonomic analysis showed that after the addition of PET-MPs, the abundance of 3-methoxytyramine was down-regulated, and the abundance of L-serine decreased. In the 13 μm PET-MPs group, the abundance of L-asparagine was up-regulated, changes in these metabolites affected various amino acid metabolism, proteolytic enzymes, and AnAOB biosynthesis.
Implication
This study provides valuable insights into the response characteristics and mechanism of the anammox process exposed to MPs, which may be helpful for the application of MPs in wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Study on acute exposure of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics on the performance of anammox granular sludge","authors":"Yuliang Zhao, Haijuan Qin, Yuhua Lyu, Song Yan, Huali Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anaerobic ammonia oxidation is a new and efficient biological denitrification process, which has been used in practice. Research on the effect of microplastics (MPs) on anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Topic</h3><div>In this study, the effects of short-term exposure of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with different particle sizes for 12 h on anammox granular sludge (AnGS) and the metabolic mechanism of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) were studied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that the acute exposure of anammox reactor to PET-MPs could promote the denitrification rate of the reactor. The enzyme activity of hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH), the key enzyme of anammox reaction, was increased under acute exposure of different particle sizes of PET-MPs. PET-MPs with larger particle size had a stronger promoting effect on the treatment efficiency and HDH activity of the reactor. PET-MPs could stimulate AnAOB to secrete a large amount of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Metabonomic analysis showed that after the addition of PET-MPs, the abundance of 3-methoxytyramine was down-regulated, and the abundance of L-serine decreased. In the 13 μm PET-MPs group, the abundance of L-asparagine was up-regulated, changes in these metabolites affected various amino acid metabolism, proteolytic enzymes, and AnAOB biosynthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Implication</h3><div>This study provides valuable insights into the response characteristics and mechanism of the anammox process exposed to MPs, which may be helpful for the application of MPs in wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102983
Su-Chen Lim , Jessica Chisholm , Deirdre A. Collins , Molly Lattin , Charlotte Bell , Linda Selvey , Simon Reid , Thomas V. Riley
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and diversity of C. difficile in Australian dairy farms.
Methods
A total of 320 samples, including faeces, rectal swabs, effluent, soil and water, were collected from seven dairy farms across two Australian states.
Results
C. difficile was present in all seven farms (100 %) and 44.4 % of the samples tested, with the highest prevalence found in soil (94.3 %), effluent (73.7 %) and faeces (60.4 %). Forty-four distinct ribotypes were identified among 174 isolates, of which 17 have been found previously in humans. C. difficile ribotype (RT) 127 (A + B + CDT+) was the predominant strain, comprising 42.5 % of isolates. The findings also indicated that the environment of Australian dairy farms is persistently contaminated with C. difficile, especially RT 127 and may represent a potential source for zoonotic transmission.
Conclusions
C. difficile may be widespread in Australian dairy farms, with notably high prevalence in both animals and environmental samples.
{"title":"Clostridioides difficile in Australian dairy farms","authors":"Su-Chen Lim , Jessica Chisholm , Deirdre A. Collins , Molly Lattin , Charlotte Bell , Linda Selvey , Simon Reid , Thomas V. Riley","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and diversity of <em>C. difficile</em> in Australian dairy farms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 320 samples, including faeces, rectal swabs, effluent, soil and water, were collected from seven dairy farms across two Australian states.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>C. difficile</em> was present in all seven farms (100 %) and 44.4 % of the samples tested, with the highest prevalence found in soil (94.3 %), effluent (73.7 %) and faeces (60.4 %). Forty-four distinct ribotypes were identified among 174 isolates, of which 17 have been found previously in humans. <em>C. difficile</em> ribotype (RT) 127 (A + B + CDT+) was the predominant strain, comprising 42.5 % of isolates. The findings also indicated that the environment of Australian dairy farms is persistently contaminated with <em>C. difficile</em>, especially RT 127 and may represent a potential source for zoonotic transmission.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>C. difficile</em> may be widespread in Australian dairy farms, with notably high prevalence in both animals and environmental samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102982
Lengsea Eng , Paul Turner , Kefyalew Addis Alene , Deirdre A. Collins , Su-Chen Lim , Pisey Tan , Sona Soeng , Dylorng Hun , Sotera Yohn , Sarim Vong , Archie C.A. Clements , Thomas V. Riley
Background
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile transmission between community and healthcare settings has been increasingly reported. We aimed to identify the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of C. difficile colonising adolescents and non-hospitalised children in Cambodia.
Methods
Stool samples were collected from 266 students at the University of Health Sciences (UHS) in Phnom Penh, between July and August 2022, and 246 children ≥1 year old visiting the outpatient department (OPD) at Angkor Hospital for Children in Siem Reap, between January and August 2022. C. difficile culture, toxin gene detection and PCR ribotyping were performed.
Results
Overall, C. difficile was recovered from 07/266 specimens (2.6 %) from UHS students and 59/246 specimens (23.9 %) from OPD children. The overall prevalence of C. difficile in children peaked in April, and of toxigenic strains peaked in August. Children with loose stools were less likely to be colonised by C. difficile (COR = 0.05, 95 %CI: 0.008–0.32) than children with normal stools. UHS students were colonised only by toxigenic C. difficile. Of the 66 isolates, 36 % (24/66) were toxigenic: C. difficile ribotype (RT) 017 was the most predominant, followed by RTs 012, 046, 056, QX709, 001, 014/020 and QX710. Non-toxigenic strains accounted for 35 RTs including 32 novel RTs that had not been isolated previously.
Conclusions
The findings of only toxigenic strains in adolescents and the high prevalence of C. difficile in OPD children suggest exposure to C. difficile within the community; thus, appropriate interventions may be needed. Genotypic identification of diverse C. difficile is important for molecular epidemiological purposes.
{"title":"Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in children and adolescents in the community in Cambodia","authors":"Lengsea Eng , Paul Turner , Kefyalew Addis Alene , Deirdre A. Collins , Su-Chen Lim , Pisey Tan , Sona Soeng , Dylorng Hun , Sotera Yohn , Sarim Vong , Archie C.A. Clements , Thomas V. Riley","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile</em> transmission between community and healthcare settings has been increasingly reported. We aimed to identify the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of <em>C. difficile</em> colonising adolescents and non-hospitalised children in Cambodia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Stool samples were collected from 266 students at the University of Health Sciences (UHS) in Phnom Penh, between July and August 2022, and 246 children ≥1 year old visiting the outpatient department (OPD) at Angkor Hospital for Children in Siem Reap, between January and August 2022. <em>C. difficile</em> culture, toxin gene detection and PCR ribotyping were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, <em>C. difficile</em> was recovered from 07/266 specimens (2.6 %) from UHS students and 59/246 specimens (23.9 %) from OPD children. The overall prevalence of <em>C. difficile</em> in children peaked in April, and of toxigenic strains peaked in August. Children with loose stools were less likely to be colonised by <em>C. difficile</em> (COR = 0.05, 95 %CI: 0.008–0.32) than children with normal stools. UHS students were colonised only by toxigenic <em>C. difficile.</em> Of the 66 isolates, 36 % (24/66) were toxigenic: <em>C. difficile</em> ribotype (RT) 017 was the most predominant, followed by RTs 012, 046, 056, QX709, 001, 014/020 and QX710. Non-toxigenic strains accounted for 35 RTs including 32 novel RTs that had not been isolated previously.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings of only toxigenic strains in adolescents and the high prevalence of <em>C. difficile</em> in OPD children suggest exposure to <em>C. difficile</em> within the community; thus, appropriate interventions may be needed. Genotypic identification of diverse <em>C. difficile</em> is important for molecular epidemiological purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102982"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144564307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102981
Hrisi Bahar Tokman , Muhammed Yusuf Afacan , Arin Celayir , Ece Davutluoglu , Ayse Akgonul , Ayse Ceylan Kilincarslan , Edip Tokuc , Mahmut Kursat Ozsahin , Huseyin Botanlioglu
Intraosseous hemangiomas are rare benign vascular tumors that occur within the bone. Prevotella bivia is an anaerobic, gram-negative rod that is part of the normal microbiota of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract as well as the oral cavity, but it rarely causes bone infections. This case report presents a patient with a history of dental infection who was initially diagnosed radiologically with non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) in the knee. Histopathology and anaerobic culture identified the lesion as an intraosseous hemangioma infected with P.bivia. The patient was treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and metronidazole. This case report underscores the importance of considering rare pathogens in the differential diagnosis of bone lesions when clinical and radiological findings do not align.
{"title":"The first case report of an intraosseous hemangioma complicated by Prevotella bivia infection","authors":"Hrisi Bahar Tokman , Muhammed Yusuf Afacan , Arin Celayir , Ece Davutluoglu , Ayse Akgonul , Ayse Ceylan Kilincarslan , Edip Tokuc , Mahmut Kursat Ozsahin , Huseyin Botanlioglu","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intraosseous hemangiomas are rare benign vascular tumors that occur within the bone. <em>Prevotella bivia</em> is an anaerobic, gram-negative rod that is part of the normal microbiota of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract as well as the oral cavity, but it rarely causes bone infections. This case report presents a patient with a history of dental infection who was initially diagnosed radiologically with non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) in the knee. Histopathology and anaerobic culture identified the lesion as an intraosseous hemangioma infected with <em>P</em>.<em>bivia</em>. The patient was treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and metronidazole. This case report underscores the importance of considering rare pathogens in the differential diagnosis of bone lesions when clinical and radiological findings do not align.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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