Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy最新文献_第2页

Improved slagging characteristics of low-value solid waste fuel asphalt rock by mineral additives of CaCO3, MgO, and Kaolin under fluidized bed condition 在流化床条件下使用 CaCO3、MgO 和高岭土等矿物添加剂改善低价值固体废弃物燃料沥青岩的造渣特性

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-023-00182-y

Jiatao Xiang, Xiong Zhang, Fan Yi, Shihong Zhang, Haiping Yang, Jing’ai Shao, Xianhua Wang, Hanping Chen

As a low-value solid waste fuel, asphalt rock is prone to slagging even under fluidized bed condition. The purpose of this study is to improve the slagging characteristics of asphalt rock by adding the mineral additives CaCO₃, MgO, and Kaolin. The results showed that the K, Al, Ca salts in asphalt rock ash will evolve at different temperatures and exist mainly as K₂SO₄, KAlSiO₄, Al₂O₃·SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CaSO₄, and CaSiO₃. The CaSO₄ formed from sulfur oxides and calcium-containing compounds is the main factor in asphalt rock slagging and can be facilitated by CaSiO₃ with a small amount of CaCO₃. The MgO can form MgCa(SiO₃)₂ with a high melting point and helps raise the ash fusion temperatures. In addition, the Kaolin will promote the formation of low-temperature eutectics, resulting in a slight decrease in ash fusion temperatures. Through optimization, it was found that with the addition of 9.0% MgO+9.0% Kaolin+2.0% CaCO₃ (in weight), the slagging ratio and pressure difference of asphalt rock under fluidized bed conditions decreased from 6.5% to 4.2% and from 6.0 Pa to 4.0 Pa, respectively. By combining simulation and experimental methods, it has been shown that appropriate mineral additives of CaCO₃, MgO, and Kaolin can effectively improve the slagging characteristics of asphalt rock.

Graphical abstract

作为一种低价值的固体废弃物燃料，沥青岩即使在流化床条件下也容易结渣。本研究旨在通过添加 CaCO3、MgO 和高岭土等矿物添加剂来改善沥青岩的结渣特性。结果表明，沥青岩灰中的 K、Al、Ca 盐在不同温度下会发生演变，主要以 K2SO4、KAlSiO4、Al2O3-SiO2、Al2O3、CaSO4 和 CaSiO3 的形式存在。由硫氧化物和含钙化合物形成的 CaSO4 是造成沥青岩结渣的主要因素，CaSiO3 和少量 CaCO3 可以促进 CaSO4 的形成。氧化镁可以形成熔点较高的 MgCa（SiO3）2，有助于提高灰熔融温度。此外，高岭土会促进低温共晶的形成，使灰熔融温度略有下降。通过优化发现，添加 9.0% MgO+9.0% 高岭土+2.0% CaCO3（重量比）后，流化床条件下沥青岩的结渣率和压差分别从 6.5% 降至 4.2%，从 6.0 Pa 降至 4.0 Pa。通过模拟和实验相结合的方法表明，适当添加 CaCO3、MgO 和高岭土等矿物添加剂可有效改善沥青岩的造渣特性。

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引用次数: 0

Facile and environmentally sustainable synthesis of bone waste derived biochar-based bimetallic-LDH nanocomposite for selected dyes removal from aqueous medium 基于骨废物衍生生物炭的双金属-LDH 纳米复合材料的简便和环境可持续合成，用于去除水介质中的特定染料

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00195-1

Shanthi Prabha Viswanathan, Giya Merline Kuriakose, Gopika Vijayakumar Njazhakunnathu, Sreekanth Prakasan Neelamury, Thomas Paili Ambatt

The disposal of bone waste can be effectively addressed utilizing a novel approach involving the synthesis of a bovine bone-derived biochar-based Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposite (B-Mg/Al-NC). This nanocomposite exhibits exceptional capabilities for removing specific dyes, such as Methylene Blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR), from aqueous media. Extensive characterization using techniques confirmed the successful formation of the B-Mg/Al-NC, which possesses a high surface area, high porosity, and abundant functional groups. The Langmuir monolayer biosorption capacity was 395.56 mg g⁻¹ and 328.25 mg g⁻¹ at 50 °C for MB and CR, respectively, with rapid dye removal achieved within 25 min under alkaline pH conditions. The experimental data fit well with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model for both dyes. The remarkable dye adsorption capacity of the B-Mg/Al-NC can be attributed to the combined basic properties of the bone biochar and Mg/Al-LDH. Proposed mechanisms for enhanced dye removal include hydrogen bonding interactions, anion exchange, surface complexation, electrostatic interactions, and pore filling. Furthermore, the nanocomposite exhibited excellent reusability. In addition to its dye removal capabilities, the B-Mg/Al-NC was found to have a positive effect on seed germination and growth and salient soil health parameters, as demonstrated by a rapid seed germination test using the spent composite. Overall, the facile synthesis of the B-Mg/Al-NC via co-precipitation and ultrasonication is a highly recommended and sustainable approach for producing an eco-friendly bio-sorbent with exceptional dye removal efficiency from wastewater while also addressing the issue of bone waste disposal.

Graphical abstract

利用一种新方法，即合成一种基于牛骨生物炭的镁/铝层双氢氧化物（LDH）纳米复合材料（B-Mg/Al-NC），可以有效处理骨废物。这种纳米复合材料在去除水介质中的特定染料（如亚甲基蓝（MB）和刚果红（CR））方面表现出卓越的能力。广泛的表征技术证实了 B-Mg/Al-NC 的成功形成，它具有高比表面积、高孔隙率和丰富的官能团。在碱性 pH 条件下，甲基溴和铬的朗缪尔单层生物吸附容量分别为 395.56 mg g-1 和 328.25 mg g-1，并能在 25 分钟内快速去除染料。实验数据与这两种染料的假二阶动力学模型十分吻合。B-Mg/Al-NC 显著的染料吸附能力可归因于骨生物炭和 Mg/Al-LDH 的综合基本特性。拟议的染料去除增强机制包括氢键相互作用、阴离子交换、表面络合、静电相互作用和孔隙填充。此外，这种纳米复合材料还具有出色的可重复使用性。除染料去除能力外，B-Mg/Al-NC 还对种子发芽和生长以及显著的土壤健康参数有积极影响，使用废复合材料进行的种子快速发芽试验证明了这一点。总之，通过共沉淀和超声波法轻松合成 B-Mg/Al-NC 是一种非常值得推荐的可持续方法，可用于生产一种环保型生物吸附剂，对废水中的染料具有卓越的去除效率，同时还能解决骨废物处理问题。

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引用次数: 0

Theoretical study on the Cs/Cs-O adsorbed graphene/semiconductor heterojunction anode for thermionic converters 用于热离子转换器的 Cs/Cs-O 吸附石墨烯/半导体异质结阳极的理论研究

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00191-5

Weiting Sun, Haoran Xu, Hao Qiu, Gang Xiao

Graphene/semiconductor heterojunction anodes can significantly enhance the output voltage by the photovoltaic effect. However, a significant challenge arises from the high intrinsic work function of heterojunction surfaces, which limits efficient electron emission. In this study, we explored the potential of low work function materials modified by Cs/Cs-O adsorption as anodes for thermionic (TI) converters through first principles calculations. The results demonstrate that the work functions of the graphene/MoS₂ and the graphene/n-type Si surfaces with only Cs coating can decrease to 1.48 eV and 2.46 eV, respectively. The multiple Cs-O atoms co-adsorption enhances the dipole moment, resulting in a further reduction of the work function of the graphene/MoS₂ surface to 1.25 eV. In addition, the impact of work function on the performance of TI converters is revealed by using concentrated solar energy as heat source. The highest conversion efficiency achieves 15.25% for the Cs-4O: Gr/MoS₂ anode. This study establishes a robust foundation for further advancement of the TI converters with graphene/semiconductor heterojunction anodes.

Graphical abstract

石墨烯/半导体异质结阳极可通过光伏效应显著提高输出电压。然而，异质结表面的高固有功函数限制了电子的有效发射，这是一个重大挑战。在本研究中，我们通过第一性原理计算探索了经 Cs/Cs-O 吸附改性的低功函数材料作为热离子（TI）转换器阳极的潜力。结果表明，仅有 Cs 涂层的石墨烯/MoS2 和石墨烯/n 型硅表面的功函数可分别降至 1.48 eV 和 2.46 eV。多个 Cs-O 原子的共吸附增强了偶极矩，使石墨烯/MoS2 表面的功函数进一步降低到 1.25 eV。此外，通过使用聚光太阳能作为热源，还揭示了功函数对 TI 转换器性能的影响。Cs-4O: Gr/MoS2 阳极的最高转换效率达到了 15.25%。这项研究为进一步推进采用石墨烯/半导体异质结阳极的 TI 转换器奠定了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Research trends and prospects for hydrogen production from sludge fermentation: based on bibliometric analysis 污泥发酵制氢的研究趋势和前景：基于文献计量分析

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00190-6

Yunchuan Pan, Jiao Tao, Shijie Yang, Jianguo Cui, Jian Xiong, Xuebin Lu

There are many applications for the technology of producing hydrogen from organic waste. Due to its large volume, high organic content, and stable source, sewage sludge has gained significant attention among various organic wastes. The purpose of this paper is to present a bibliometric and technological study of hydrogen production from anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge during the last decade using data from the Web of Science. The analysis of authors, countries/regions, and keywords is the primary focus of the bibliometric study. In terms of technological advances, this paper reviews the mechanisms and influencing factors of hydrogen production from sewage sludge, and provides an overview of the research on pretreatment and co-fermentation that has been carried out in recent years to improve the hydrogen production rate. This paper discusses the challenges faced in anaerobic hydrogen production from sludge and concludes that more research is needed for its commercialization and large-scale application. This review provides references and ideas for sludge synergies in the utilization of organic solid waste resources.

Graphical abstract

利用有机废物制氢的技术有很多应用领域。在各种有机废物中，污水污泥因其体积大、有机物含量高、来源稳定而备受关注。本文旨在利用 Web of Science 中的数据，对过去十年中利用污水污泥厌氧发酵制氢的文献计量和技术进行研究。作者、国家/地区和关键词分析是文献计量学研究的主要重点。在技术进步方面，本文回顾了污水污泥制氢的机理和影响因素，并概述了近年来为提高制氢率而开展的预处理和协同发酵研究。本文讨论了污泥厌氧制氢所面临的挑战，并得出结论：污泥厌氧制氢的商业化和大规模应用还需要更多的研究。本综述为污泥协同利用有机固体废弃物资源提供了参考和思路。

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引用次数: 0

Regression based prediction of higher heating value for refuse-derived fuel using convolutional neural networks predicted elemental data and spectrographic measurements 利用卷积神经网络预测元素数据和光谱测量结果，基于回归法预测垃圾衍生燃料的较高热值

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-023-00187-7

Baki Osman Bekgöz, Zerrin Günkaya, Kemal Özkan, Metin Özkan, Aysun Özkan, Müfide Banar

Higher heating value (HHV) is the key parameter for replacing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) with fossil fuels in the cement industry. HHV can be measured with a bomb calorimeter or predicted from direct elemental data by using regression models. Both methods require the continuous use of special laboratory equipment and are time consuming. To overcome these limitations, this study aims to predict the HHV value of RDF from predicted elemental data by using regression models. Therefore, once the predicted elemental data are generated, there will be no need to have continuous elemental data to predict HHV. Predicted elemental data were generated from direct elemental data and Near Infrared (NIR) camera-based spectrometric data by using a deep learning model. A convolutional neural networks (CNN) model was used for deep learning and was trained with 10,500 NIR image samples, each of which was 28×28×1. Different regression models (Linear, Tree, Support-Vector Machine, Ensemble and Gaussian process) were applied for HHV prediction. According to these results, higher R² values (>0.85) were obtained with Gaussian process models (except for the Rational Quadratic model) for the predicted elemental data. Among the Gaussian models, the highest R² (0.95) but the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) (0.0563), Mean Squared Error (MSE) (0.0317) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) (0.0431) were obtained with the Mattern 5/2 model. The results of predictions from predicted elemental data were compared to predictions from direct elemental data. The results show that the regression from predicted elemental data has an adequate prediction (R²=0.95) compared to the prediction from the direct elemental data (R²=0.99).

Graphical abstract

较高的热值（HHV）是水泥行业用化石燃料替代垃圾衍生燃料（RDF）的关键参数。高热值可以用炸弹量热计测量，也可以通过回归模型从直接元素数据中预测。这两种方法都需要连续使用特殊的实验室设备，而且耗时较长。为了克服这些局限性，本研究旨在利用回归模型从预测的元素数据中预测 RDF 的 HHV 值。因此，一旦生成了预测元素数据，就不需要连续的元素数据来预测 HHV 值。通过使用深度学习模型，从直接元素数据和基于近红外（NIR）相机的光谱数据生成预测元素数据。深度学习使用的是卷积神经网络（CNN）模型，使用 10,500 个近红外图像样本进行训练，每个样本的大小为 28×28×1。不同的回归模型（线性模型、树型模型、支持向量机模型、集合模型和高斯过程模型）被用于 HHV 预测。结果表明，高斯过程模型（有理二次模型除外）预测元素数据的 R2 值较高 (>0.85)。在高斯模型中，Mattern 5/2 模型的 R2 值（0.95）最高，但均方根误差（RMSE）（0.0563）、均方根误差（MSE）（0.0317）和均方根绝对误差（MAE）（0.0431）最低。预测元素数据的结果与直接元素数据的预测结果进行了比较。结果表明，与直接元素数据的预测结果（R2=0.99）相比，预测元素数据的回归结果具有足够的预测能力（R2=0.95）。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation of crab-shell-based N, O co-doped graded porous carbon for supercapacitors using the confined nanospace deposition method 利用密闭纳米空间沉积法制备用于超级电容器的蟹壳基 N、O 共掺梯度多孔碳

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00199-x

Yiming Li, Zhihao Yu, Mengyan Guo, Ming Zhang, Jian Xiong, Yina Qiao, Rui Zhang, Xuebin Lu

Biomass-based carbon materials with hierarchical porous structures have attracted attention for their ability to provide more channels and shorten ion transport paths. Here, we developed a simple method based on confined nanospace deposition. During high-temperature treatment, the mesoporous silica layer wrapped around the outside of the crab shells acted as a closed nanospace and effectively suppressed the severe deformation of the crab shell structure by shrinking inward. The prepared carbon material has a layered porous structure with abundant and stable N and O co-doping (N 7.32%, O 3.69%). The specific capacitance of the three-electrode system was 134.3 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g in a 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte, and the assembled aqueous symmetric supercapacitors exhibited an excellent cycling stability of 98.81% even after 5000 cycles.

Graphical abstract

具有分层多孔结构的生物质碳材料能够提供更多通道并缩短离子传输路径，因此备受关注。在此，我们开发了一种基于封闭纳米空间沉积的简单方法。在高温处理过程中，包裹在蟹壳外侧的介孔二氧化硅层起到了封闭纳米空间的作用，有效抑制了蟹壳结构向内收缩的严重变形。所制备的碳材料具有层状多孔结构，具有丰富而稳定的 N 和 O 共掺杂（N 7.32%，O 3.69%）。在 6 mol/L KOH 电解液中，电流密度为 0.5 A/g 时，三电极系统的比电容为 134.3 F/g，组装后的水基对称超级电容器在循环 5000 次后仍具有 98.81% 的优异循环稳定性。

引用次数: 0

Global household infectious waste management strategies: a systematic review 全球家庭感染性废物管理战略：系统回顾

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00192-4

Leila Mohammadinia, Khadijeh Raei, Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni

Infectious waste management is a major environmental and public health challenge worldwide. Household infectious wastes are often mixed with other waste, collected, and disposed of without taking measures to reduce risks. With the emergence of the COVID-19 virus in early December 2019, there have been concerns about the dangers of infectious waste generated in healthcare facilities and homes. Therefore, this review was conducted with the aim of investigating the methods of household infectious waste management in different countries/regions and evaluating the factors affecting the management of household infectious waste. In this study, we conducted a systematic literature search in four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest) to answer the research questions. This process was based on the new version of PRISMA guidelines. In total, 52 documents out of 6742 were selected and evaluated. The review of studies based on content analysis led to the emergence of 12 main themes, 36 sub-themes, and 112 codes. The main topics included education and culture, management measures, legal social support, economic support, technology, control and evaluation, waste generation, classification and collection, temporary storage, transportation, processing and recycling, and safe disposal. The factors affecting household infectious waste management identified in this research can serve as a basis for future studies. It is also suitable for providing a comprehensive guide to the management of household infectious waste.

Graphical abstract

传染性废物管理是全球面临的一项重大环境和公共卫生挑战。家庭感染性废物通常与其他废物混合、收集和处置，而没有采取降低风险的措施。随着 2019 年 12 月初 COVID-19 病毒的出现，人们开始关注医疗机构和家庭中产生的传染性废物的危险性。因此，本综述旨在调查不同国家/地区的家庭感染性废物管理方法，并评估影响家庭感染性废物管理的因素。在本研究中，我们在四个电子数据库（PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus 和 ProQuest）中进行了系统的文献检索，以回答研究问题。这一过程基于新版的 PRISMA 指南。共从 6742 篇文献中筛选出 52 篇进行评估。基于内容分析的研究综述产生了 12 个主题、36 个子主题和 112 个代码。主要专题包括教育和文化、管理措施、法律社会支持、经济支持、技术、控制和评估、废物产生、分类和收集、临时储存、运输、处理和回收以及安全处置。本研究确定的影响家庭感染性废物管理的因素可作为今后研究的基础。它也适合为家庭感染性废物的管理提供全面的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Recent trends on energy-efficient solar dryers for food and agricultural products drying: a review 用于食品和农产品干燥的高能效太阳能干燥器的最新发展趋势：综述

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00193-3

Kavati Venkateswarlu, S. V. Kota Reddy

The energy efficiency enhancement of solar dryers has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide because of the need for energy storage in solar drying applications, which arises primarily from the irregular nature of solar energy that leads to improper drying which will reduce the quality of the products being dried. This work comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-art research carried out on solar dryers for energy efficiency enhancement using various alternative strategies, including hybrid solar dryers that use auxiliary heating sources, such as electric heaters or biomass heaters, solar-assisted heat pump dryer, use of desiccant materials, and heat storage systems that use both sensible and latent heat storage. The advent of phase change materials (PCM), such as thermally and chemically stable PCMs, for long-term storage, bio-degradable and bio-compatible PCM materials to alleviate the negative environmental impact of conventional PCMs is also presented. The performance parameters considered for evaluating dryers include the maximum temperature attained inside the drying chamber, drying time and efficiency, specific moisture extraction rate (SMER), energy and exergy efficiency and CO₂ mitigation effect. The factors considered to analyze the PCMs application in solar dryers include cost and sustainability of PCMs, and both energy and exergy analyses of dryers using PCMs. The gaps in current knowledge and future scope for further improvement of solar dryers are also elucidated.

Graphical abstract

提高太阳能干燥机的能效引起了全世界研究人员的关注，因为在太阳能干燥应用中需要储能，这主要是由于太阳能的不规则性导致干燥不当，从而降低了干燥产品的质量。这项工作全面回顾了利用各种替代策略提高太阳能干燥机能效的最新研究成果，包括使用辅助加热源（如电加热器或生物质加热器）的混合太阳能干燥机、太阳能辅助热泵干燥机、使用干燥剂材料以及使用显热和潜热存储的热存储系统。此外，还介绍了相变材料（PCM）的出现，如用于长期储存的热稳定性和化学稳定性 PCM，以及可生物降解和生物兼容的 PCM 材料，以减轻传统 PCM 对环境的负面影响。评估干燥机时考虑的性能参数包括干燥室内达到的最高温度、干燥时间和效率、特定水分提取率 (SMER)、能效和放能效以及二氧化碳减缓效应。分析太阳能干燥器中 PCM 应用时考虑的因素包括 PCM 的成本和可持续性，以及使用 PCM 的干燥器的能量和放能分析。此外，还阐明了太阳能干燥器目前存在的知识空白和未来进一步改进的空间。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable bio-energy generation via the conversion of spent wash using dual chamber microbial fuel cell 利用双室微生物燃料电池转化废水，实现可持续生物能源生产

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00189-z

Abdul Sattar Jatoi, Jawad Ahmed, Afaque Ahmed Bhutto, Muhammad Shuaib Shaikh

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are innovative devices that combine microbial processes with electrochemical reactions to convert organic matter in wastewater into electricity while simultaneously treating the wastewater. One such application is the treatment of spent wash, a highly polluting effluent generated from the distillery industry after crude mesh is separated into ethanol and spent wash. Spent wash, also known as distillery effluent or stillage, is a highly challenging wastewater treatment method due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total dissolved solids (TDS). These characteristics make it a complex and polluting industrial effluent that requires specialized treatment processes to reduce its environmental impact effectively. However, MFCs have shown promise in treating spent wash, as they can utilize the organic matter in wastewater as a fuel source for microbial growth as well as for electricity generation. For the treatment of spent wash, Saccharomyces cerevisiae sp. was used as a biocatalyst along with 340 mol/L potassium ferricyanide in the cathode chamber and 170 mol/L methylene blue in the anode as a mediator. All tests were conducted by balancing a one-liter volume for power production from spent wash in MFC with the optimal conditions of 10% agarose, pH 8.5, 300 mL/min of aeration in the cathode chamber, and 40% (in weight) substrate concentration. At an ideal concentration, the maximum current and power density are roughly 53.41 mA/m² and 72.22 mW/m², respectively. For each litre of processed spent wash, a maximum voltage of 850 mV (4.5 mA) was obtained. Amazingly, 91% of COD and BOD were removed from the effluent MFC. These findings show that MFCs are capable of producing electricity and efficiently removing COD from wasted wash at the same time.

Graphical abstract

摘要微生物燃料电池（MFC）是一种创新装置，它将微生物过程与电化学反应相结合，将废水中的有机物转化为电能，同时对废水进行处理。其中一种应用是处理废洗涤液，这是蒸馏工业将粗网分离成乙醇和废洗涤液后产生的一种高污染废水。废水又称蒸馏废水或蒸馏残渣，由于其化学需氧量（COD）、生物需氧量（BOD）和总溶解固体（TDS）较高，因此是一种极具挑战性的废水处理方法。这些特点使其成为一种复杂的污染性工业废水，需要专门的处理工艺才能有效减少其对环境的影响。然而，MFCs 在处理废水方面已显示出前景，因为它们可以利用废水中的有机物作为微生物生长和发电的燃料来源。在处理废水时，使用酿酒酵母菌作为生物催化剂，同时在阴极室中使用 340 摩尔/升的铁氰化钾，在阳极中使用 170 摩尔/升的亚甲基蓝作为介质。所有测试都是通过平衡 MFC 中一升废水的发电量来进行的，最佳条件为 10%琼脂糖、pH 值 8.5、阴极室通气速度 300 毫升/分钟、底物浓度 40%（重量）。在理想浓度下，最大电流和功率密度分别约为 53.41 mA/m2 和 72.22 mW/m2。每处理一升废水，可获得 850 mV（4.5 mA）的最大电压。令人惊讶的是，MFC 能去除污水中 91% 的 COD 和 BOD。这些研究结果表明，MFC 能够在发电的同时有效去除废水中的 COD。图表摘要

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引用次数: 0

Co-production of biochar and carbon nanotube from sewage sludge in a two-stage process coupling pyrolysis and catalytic chemical vapor deposition 通过热解和催化化学气相沉积两阶段工艺从污水污泥中联合生产生物炭和碳纳米管

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00194-2

Mohd Syazwan Mohd Ghazali, Mohd Saufi Md Zaini, Muhammad Arshad, Syed Shatir A. Syed-Hassan

This study explores the potential of valorizing sewage sludge as a carbon source for the co-production of biochar and carbon nanomaterial via a two-stage thermal-catalytic process. In the first stage, sewage sludge underwent slow pyrolysis, resulting in a biochar yield of 66% (in weight) at 550 °C. The resulting pyrolysis vapor was then introduced into a second reactor, where catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) took place in the presence of a cobalt catalyst, leading to the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). It was found that CNTs with an inner diameter of ~ 3.2 nm and an outer diameter of 20–40 nm can be formed in the second stage reactor at temperatures between 650 °C and 950 °C with a maximum yield of 30% (in weight) under the employed experimental conditions. The obtained CNTs displayed a multiwall structure, exhibited a lack of crystallinity, and demonstrated a high level of disorder. The research findings also indicate that temperature exerts a significant influence on both the yield and properties of the CNTs synthesized.

Graphical abstract

本研究探讨了通过两阶段热催化工艺将污水污泥作为碳源用于联合生产生物炭和碳纳米材料的潜力。在第一阶段，污水污泥经过缓慢热解，在 550 °C 的温度下产生了 66% 的生物炭（按重量计）。然后将热解产生的蒸汽引入第二个反应器，在钴催化剂的作用下进行催化化学气相沉积（CCVD），从而产生碳纳米管（CNTs）。研究发现，在采用的实验条件下，第二阶段反应器的温度介于 650 ℃ 和 950 ℃ 之间，可形成内径约为 3.2 nm、外径为 20-40 nm 的碳纳米管，最大产率为 30%（按重量计）。所获得的 CNT 具有多壁结构，缺乏结晶性，并表现出高度的无序性。研究结果还表明，温度对合成的碳纳米管的产率和性能都有显著影响。

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