Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy最新文献_第5页

Evolving dynamics of municipal solid waste management in India: a comprehensive review of status, challenges, opportunities and policy innovations 印度城市固体废物管理的演变动态：对现状、挑战、机遇和政策创新的全面审查

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00220-3

Anitha Rengerla, Parthiban Angamuthu

India’s rapid urbanization, population growth, and industrial expansion have intensified the challenges of solid waste management (SWM), making it a critical issue requiring urgent action. This paper examines the key challenges, trends, and opportunities in SWM, focusing on waste generation patterns, collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal methods in India. The major challenges identified include inefficient waste segregation, poor disposal practices, societal attitudes, and the unorganized informal sector. These problems, compounded by institutional weaknesses, inadequate funding, and slow adoption of technology, worsen the waste management crisis. Proper management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is essential for public health, environmental protection, and the achievement of sustainable development goals. This paper emphasizes the need for alternative waste management techniques, as nearly 90% of MSW is improperly disposed of in open dumps and landfills, posing significant risks to health and the environment. By forecasting future urbanization trends and their impact on waste generation, this paper evaluates effective treatment technologies for MSW in India. This study concludes with actionable recommendations and a unified framework, supported by data and case studies tailored to India’s socio-economic context, and aims at improving SWM practices and promoting long-term sustainability.

Graphical abstract

印度的快速城市化、人口增长和工业扩张加剧了固体废物管理（SWM）的挑战，使其成为一个迫切需要采取行动的关键问题。本文探讨了SWM的主要挑战、趋势和机遇，重点介绍了印度的废物产生模式、收集、运输、处理和处置方法。确定的主要挑战包括废物分类效率低下、处置做法不佳、社会态度和无组织的非正规部门。这些问题，加上体制薄弱、资金不足和技术采用缓慢，使废物管理危机更加恶化。妥善管理城市固体废物对公共卫生、环境保护和实现可持续发展目标至关重要。由于近90%的都市固体废物在露天垃圾场和堆填区被不当处置，对健康和环境构成重大风险，因此本文强调需要采用替代废物管理技术。通过预测未来城市化趋势及其对废物产生的影响，本文评估了印度城市生活垃圾的有效处理技术。本研究以适合印度社会经济背景的数据和案例研究为基础，提出了可行的建议和统一的框架，旨在改善SWM实践，促进长期可持续性。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Leaching of calcium and heavy metals from fly ash by acetic acid and life cycle assessment of the leaching processes 粉煤灰中钙和重金属的醋酸浸出及其生命周期评价

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-025-00222-9

Weichao Kong, Yaqi Peng, Xinglei Zhao, Jiamin Ding, Qionghao Wang, Hengsheng Pan, Xin Xiao, Shengyong Lu

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash poses severe environmental risks because of the high potential of fly ash for heavy metal leaching. In this study, the leaching of fly ash by acetic acid was investigated. Key parameters, including time, acetic acid concentration, and fly ash type, were examined for their influence on calcium and heavy metal leaching. The physical and chemical changes in fly ash before and after leaching were analysed via the X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and heavy metal leaching methods. The results showed that acetic acid effectively leached metals from different types of fly ash, as determined by the risk assessment code (RAC) and risk index (RI), and leaching with 0.25 mol/L acetic acid resulted in the lowest environmental hazard for fly ash. Moreover, adjusting the pH to below 11 during acid treatment, followed by washing with water, substantially reduced heavy metal leaching and increased the potential for safe resource recovery. A life cycle assessment (LCA) using the CML-2001 method revealed that the marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential had the largest environmental impact, accounting for 39.56% of the total index. These findings suggest that acetic acid leaching followed by water washing, improves the potential for repurposing of fly ash as a construction material.

Graphical abstract

城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰具有较高的重金属浸出潜力，造成了严重的环境风险。本文对粉煤灰的醋酸浸出进行了研究。考察了时间、乙酸浓度、粉煤灰类型等关键参数对钙和重金属浸出的影响。采用x射线荧光（XRF）、x射线衍射（XRD）和重金属浸出法分析了粉煤灰浸出前后的理化变化。结果表明：根据风险评价代码（RAC）和风险指数（RI），乙酸对不同类型飞灰中的金属均有较好的浸出效果，且0.25 mol/L乙酸对飞灰的环境危害最小；此外，在酸处理期间将pH值调整到11以下，然后用水冲洗，大大减少了重金属的浸出，增加了资源安全回收的潜力。采用CML-2001方法进行的生命周期评价（LCA）结果显示，海洋水生生态毒性潜势对环境的影响最大，占总指数的39.56%。这些发现表明，乙酸浸出后水洗，提高了粉煤灰作为建筑材料再利用的潜力。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Waste to wealth: silane-modified seaweed biopolymers for sustainable packaging material 废物转化财富：用于可持续包装材料的硅烷改性海藻生物聚合物

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00218-x

C. M. Hazwan, C. S. Chang, A. H. Yusoff, N. F. Shoparwe, M. J. K. Mohammad

In response to the growing environmental threat posed by plastic waste, this study developed hydrophobic biopolymer films from red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) as a sustainable alternative for packaging. The films were fabricated using a solvent-casting method, followed by surface treatment with triethoxymethylsilane to increase their hydrophobicity. Key metrics, including water solubility (reduced by 37.4%), moisture absorption capacity (decreased by 108.6%), and water vapor permeability (decreased by 65.4%), demonstrated significant improvements over untreated films. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed successful silane integration, whereas mechanical testing revealed increased tensile strength (up to 24.44 MPa) and Young’s modulus (183.41 MPa), with a moderate reduction in elongation at break. These findings indicate that silane-modified seaweed biopolymer films have strong potential as eco-friendly packaging solutions to mitigate plastic waste.

Graphical abstract

为了应对塑料废物对环境造成的日益严重的威胁，本研究利用红海藻（Kappaphycus alvarezii）开发了疏水生物聚合物薄膜，作为可持续的包装替代品。采用溶剂铸造法制备膜，然后用三乙氧基甲基硅烷进行表面处理以提高膜的疏水性。关键指标，包括水溶性（降低37.4%）、吸湿能力（降低108.6%）和水蒸气渗透性（降低65.4%），与未经处理的薄膜相比有显著改善。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）证实了硅烷的成功整合，而力学测试显示拉伸强度（高达24.44 MPa）和杨氏模量（183.41 MPa）增加，断裂伸长率适度降低。这些发现表明，硅烷修饰的海藻生物聚合物薄膜具有强大的潜力，可以作为减少塑料废物的环保包装解决方案。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effect of Ce doping and phosphorylation on optimizing the low temperature NH3-SCR activity of the spent V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst Ce掺杂和磷酸化对优化废V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂低温NH3-SCR活性的协同效应

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00217-y

Qiulin Wang, Xiongfei Qi, Haonan Wang, Minghui Tang, Shengyong Lu, Dunyu Liu, Jing Jin

The reactivation and subsequent reuse of exhausted selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts has significant economic and environmental advantages. Water and acid washing along with thermal regeneration are commonly used to eliminate toxic substances from the catalyst surface, while these processes often result in the undesired loss of active components. In this research, an impregnation approach was adopted to replenish the depleted active constituents of the spent V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ (VW/Ti) catalyst. Experimental investigations were conducted to evaluate the influence of Ce/P doping on both the SCR activity of this rejuvenated catalyst and its resistance to the detrimental effects of SO₂/H₂O exposure. The optimal performance is achieved with the Ce/P co-doped VW/Ti catalyst, demonstrating remarkable efficiency in removing nearly 100% of NO_x across a broad range of temperatures from 150 to 450 °C. The incorporation of a proper content of Ce serves to increase the VO_x surface density from a sub-monolayer state to a monolayer state and fosters the formation of more surface oxygen vacancies. This transformation positively contributes to enhancing both the catalytic activity and the resistance to SO₂/H₂O poisoning. Further treatment with H₃PO₄, although rendering the catalyst more susceptible to H₂O, achieves a delicate balance between its surface acidity and redox capabilities. This optimized state not only enhances the catalyst's robustness but also further widens the active temperature window.

Graphical abstract

废选择性催化还原（SCR）催化剂的再活化和后续再利用具有显著的经济和环境优势。水和酸洗以及热再生通常用于消除催化剂表面的有毒物质，而这些过程通常会导致活性成分的损失。本研究采用浸渍法对废V2O5-WO3/TiO2 （VW/Ti）催化剂中耗尽的活性成分进行补充。实验研究了Ce/P掺杂对该再生催化剂的SCR活性和抗SO2/H2O暴露有害影响的影响。Ce/P共掺杂的VW/Ti催化剂达到了最佳性能，在150至450°C的广泛温度范围内，其去除NOx的效率接近100%。适当含量的Ce的加入使VOx表面密度从亚单层状态增加到单层状态，并促进表面氧空位的形成。这种转化有利于提高催化活性和抗SO2/H2O中毒能力。用H3PO4进一步处理，虽然使催化剂更容易受到水的影响，但在其表面酸度和氧化还原能力之间达到了微妙的平衡。这种优化状态不仅提高了催化剂的鲁棒性，而且进一步拓宽了活性温度窗。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

The effect of CO2 sparging on high-solid acidogenic fermentation of food waste CO2喷淋对食物垃圾高固相产酸发酵的影响

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00213-2

Chunmiao Liu, Wenjian Dong, Youli Yang, Wenyan Zhao, Wu Zeng, Yuriy Litti, Chao Liu, Binghua Yan

Carbon dioxide (CO₂), a by-product of acidogenic fermentation, also acts as a reactant that affects carboxylic acid metabolism in reactors. However, the effect of headspace CO₂ in an acidogenic leach bed reactor (LBR) is unclear. In this study, high-solid acidogenic fermentation of food waste (FW) in LBRs with different fractions of CO₂ (CK: self-generated headspace, T1: 100% N₂, T2: 30% CO₂ + 70% N₂, and T3: 90% CO₂ + 10% N₂) was performed. CO₂ sparging significantly increased the acidogenic performance of FW, with T3 showing the highest soluble product yield of 0.81 g chemical oxygen demand per 1 g volatile solid removal (gCOD/gVS_removal). CO₂ sparging prolonged the fermentation of ethanol and lactic acid in T2 and T3 while it hindered the evolution of butyric and caproic acids. The relative abundance of the genus Limosilobacillus was enhanced by CO₂ sparging, reinforcing the ethanol and lactic acid metabolic pathways. However, sparging excessive CO₂ (≥30% CO₂) inhibited the colonization of the genus Clostridium sensu stricto 12, which suppressed the reverse β pathway with butyric and caproic acids as the metabolites. This work provides valuable insights into the targeted production of carboxylic acids from the acidogenic fermentation of FW via CO₂ regulation.

Graphical abstract

二氧化碳（CO2）是产酸发酵的副产物，也是影响反应器中羧酸代谢的反应物。然而，顶空CO2对产酸浸床反应器（LBR）的影响尚不清楚。本研究在不同CO2浓度（CK：自生顶空，T1: 100% N2, T2: 30% CO2 + 70% N2, T3: 90% CO2 + 10% N2）的lbr中对食物垃圾进行高固相致酸发酵。CO2喷射显著提高了FW的产酸性能，其中T3的可溶性产物产率最高，为0.81 g / 1 g挥发性固体去除（gCOD/gVSremoval）。CO2喷射延长了T2和T3中乙醇和乳酸的发酵，阻碍了丁酸和己酸的演化。CO2喷淋增强了Limosilobacillus属的相对丰度，增强了乙醇和乳酸代谢途径。然而，过量的CO2（≥30% CO2）抑制了敏感梭菌的定植，从而抑制了以丁酸和己酸为代谢物的反向β途径。这项工作提供了有价值的见解，有针对性的生产羧酸从产酸发酵的FW通过CO2调节。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable management strategies for low-organic matter sludge from a life cycle perspective 从生命周期角度看低有机质污泥的可持续管理策略

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00219-w

Er Li, Xuejun Xiong, Hao Zhou, Binbin Liu, Peng Su, Zexu Chen, Jing Ai, Weijun Zhang

Sludge quality is a critical factor influencing the economic and environmental performance of treatment and disposal processes. In many regions, sludge is typically characterized by a low organic matter content. Consequently, the selection of sludge treatment and disposal routes should be tailored to the specific characteristics of sludge in each region, considering its dual attributes of “resource” and “pollution”, and aiming to maximize environmental, economic, and social benefits. Using the current sludge treatment and disposal situation in Wuhan, China, this study conducted a quantitative assessment of carbon emissions, environmental risks, and economic benefits associated with several existing treatment and disposal routes from a life cycle perspective. The results suggest that for sludge characteristics with low organic matter content, co-incineration in coal-fired power plants or cement production processes is the most favorable option. Specifically, when the organic matter content of the sludge falls below approximately 40%, cement production is deemed the preferred process, whereas co-incineration with coal is favored when the organic matter content exceeds 40% but is less than 50%. Owing to the relatively low organic matter and nutrient contents of sludge, optimization of existing anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting processes can be achieved through collaborative treatment with other solid wastes. Moreover, the prevailing carbon trading prices in the Chinese carbon market are relatively low and do not significantly impact the selection of current sludge treatment processes. This study aids in the development of sustainable management strategies for sludge characterized by low resource and pollution attributes in the future.

Graphical abstract

污泥质量是影响处理和处置过程经济和环境性能的关键因素。在许多地区，污泥的典型特征是有机物含量低。因此，污泥处理处置路线的选择应根据各地区污泥的具体特点，考虑其“资源”和“污染”的双重属性，以实现环境效益、经济效益和社会效益的最大化为目标。本研究以武汉市污泥处理处置现状为例，从生命周期角度对现有几种污泥处理处置路线的碳排放、环境风险和经济效益进行了定量评估。结果表明，对于有机物含量较低的污泥特性，在燃煤电厂或水泥生产过程中共焚烧是最有利的选择。具体而言，当污泥有机质含量低于40%左右时，优先采用水泥生产工艺；当污泥有机质含量超过40%但小于50%时，优先采用煤共焚烧工艺。由于污泥的有机质和养分含量相对较低，可以通过与其他固体废物协同处理来优化现有的厌氧消化和好氧堆肥工艺。此外，中国碳市场的现行碳交易价格相对较低，对当前污泥处理工艺的选择没有显著影响。本研究有助于未来低资源、低污染属性污泥可持续管理策略的制定。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts of tetranitro iron phthalocyanine@Fe3O4@fly ash composites for fast decomposition of environmental contaminants 四硝基铁phthalocyanine@Fe3O4@粉煤灰复合材料快速分解环境污染物的非均相类fenton催化剂

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00214-1

Dapeng Li, Peng Zhang, Yang Jin, Qing Li, Xinyuan Li, Ruirui Chang, Ruoxi Ma, Lin Yan, Suxiang Ge, Juntao Ma

Using fly ash (FA) solid wastes as economical carriers to construct Fenton-like catalytic composites with additional functions is more practical than the use of a single catalyst. Understanding the structure and properties of catalysts and carriers is vital to improve performance. Tetranitro iron phthalocyanine (TNFePc) is a highly active molecular catalyst, whose immobilization and Fenton-like heterogeneous catalysis remain unclear. In this study, magnetically recyclable composites of TNFePc@Fe₃O₄@FA were successfully fabricated. Further, Fe₃O₄ nanocrystals decorated on FA surfaces could be used as special functional layer for composite recycling and simultaneous in situ TNFePc synthesis. Peroxides of H₂O₂, KHSO₅, and tert-butyl hydrogen could be effectively activated by composites and transformed into highly reactive radicals. Moreover, molecular oxygen could be activated as well. Model pollutants, methylene blue and oxytetracycline, could be synergistically degraded by the radical oxidation of superoxide, hydroxyl, alkoxy, and sulfate radicals and non-radical oxidation of high-valent iron-oxo species of TNPcFe^IV=O. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first design of FA-based composites with dual function, Fenton-like heterogeneous catalysis and magnetic recyclability, for environmental decontamination.

Graphical abstract

利用粉煤灰固体废弃物作为经济载体制备具有附加功能的类芬顿催化复合材料比使用单一催化剂更为实用。了解催化剂和载体的结构和性质对提高性能至关重要。四硝基酞菁铁（TNFePc）是一种高活性的分子催化剂，其固定化和类芬顿异相催化尚不清楚。本研究成功制备了TNFePc@Fe3O4@FA磁性可回收复合材料。此外，装饰在FA表面的Fe3O4纳米晶体可以作为复合材料回收和同时原位合成TNFePc的特殊功能层。复合材料可有效活化过氧化氢H2O2、过氧化氢KHSO5和叔丁基氢，并转化为高活性自由基。此外，分子氧也可以被激活。模型污染物亚甲基蓝和土霉素可以通过超氧自由基、羟基自由基、烷氧基自由基和硫酸盐自由基的自由基氧化和TNPcFeIV=O的高价铁氧自由基的非自由基氧化协同降解。据我们所知，这是首次设计具有双重功能的fa基复合材料，具有类芬顿异相催化和磁性可回收性，用于环境净化。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Novel sustainable bio-composite for latent heat storage based on pomegranate peels and coconut oil 基于石榴皮和椰子油的新型可持续潜热储存生物复合材料

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00216-z

Najoua Mekaddem, Hanen Nouri, Najet Mouguech, Samia Ben-Ali

With rising energy demands and mounting environmental challenges, the push for sustainable energy systems has increased interest in developing advanced energy storage materials. This study aimed to create and evaluate the properties of a novel latent heat storage bio-composite (LHSB) using cost-effective and eco-friendly materials. A bio-based phase-change material (PCM), coconut oil, was added to a bio-support derived from pomegranate peels (PGPs) waste in two forms: raw peels (unwashed and washed) and biochar (physically and physicochemically activated carbon). Pellets of the raw PGPs and activated carbon were fabricated and subsequently impregnated with coconut oil under vacuum conditions. The highest loading capacities were observed to be 60.44% and 58.02% for washed PGPs and physicochemically activated carbon, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis corroborated the absence of chemical reactions between coconut oil and raw or modified PGPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs provided visual evidence of successful coconut oil impregnation. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the operational temperatures of all synthesized PCM composites were considerably lower than their respective thermal degradation temperature limits. The encapsulation efficiencies were determined to be 47.69%, 61.62%, 43.97%, and 59.45% for unwashed peels, washed peels, physical biochar, and physicochemical biochar, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the coconut oil/unwashed peels composite exhibited the highest latent heat of melting and freezing, with values of 52.51 and 56.11 kJ/kg, respectively. These findings collectively demonstrate that the prepared LHSBs possess several desirable properties, including leak-proof nature, environmental friendliness, energy efficiency, and suitability for temperature regulation in diverse energy storage applications.

Graphical abstract

随着能源需求的增加和环境挑战的加剧，对可持续能源系统的推动增加了对开发先进储能材料的兴趣。本研究旨在利用具有成本效益和生态友好的材料，创造和评估一种新型的潜热储存生物复合材料（LHSB）的性能。将一种生物基相变材料（PCM）椰子油添加到从石榴皮（PGPs）废物中提取的生物支持物中，以两种形式：生果皮（未洗涤和洗涤）和生物炭（物理和物理化学活性炭）。制备了原料pgp和活性炭的球团，随后在真空条件下用椰子油浸渍。水洗PGPs和物理化学活性炭的负载能力分别为60.44%和58.02%。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析证实椰子油与原料或改性的pgp之间没有化学反应。扫描电镜（SEM）显微照片提供了椰子油浸渍成功的视觉证据。热重分析（TGA）表明，所有合成的PCM复合材料的工作温度都明显低于其各自的热降解温度极限。未水洗果皮、水洗果皮、物理生物炭和理化生物炭的包封率分别为47.69%、61.62%、43.97%和59.45%。差示扫描量热法（DSC）分析表明，椰子油/未洗果皮复合材料的融化潜热和冻结潜热最高，分别为52.51和56.11 kJ/kg。这些研究结果共同表明，制备的lhsb具有几个理想的特性，包括防漏性、环境友好性、能源效率和适合各种储能应用的温度调节。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Bubbling-based method for direct carbon dioxide capture from ambient air using alkaline earth metal halides 利用碱土金属卤化物从环境空气中直接捕获二氧化碳的气泡法

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00215-0

Tasawar Ali Chandio, Andriy Budnyk, Ali Dad Chandio

The high level of CO₂ in the atmosphere is a major global challenge, with excessive emissions continuing into the foreseeable future. Effective methods for CO₂ capture and utilization are therefore necessary to achieve environmental sustainability. In this study, a novel method to capture CO₂ directly from ambient air is developed based on the bubbling of alkaline earth metal solutions, utilizing a simple do-it-yourself (DIY) device. In the bubbling process, ambient air passes through a diffuser to produce tiny air bubbles in an aqueous solution of alkaline earth metal halides (i.e., MCl₂, where M=Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, and Ba²⁺) and sodium hydroxide. During this process, dissolved metallic ions interact with CO₂ molecules confined in the tiny air bubbles, forming metal carbonates. The depletion of CO₂ in the air flux was monitored by operando Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The CO₂ capture efficiency was found to be dependent on the type of metal halide, its concentration, and pH level. Specifically, 0.10 mol/L MCl₂ aqueous solutions at pH=11 demonstrated efficiencies ranging from 90% to 52% in the following order: Mg > Ca > Sr > Ba, with MgCl₂ exhibiting superior performance in the studied pH range of 6–11. The formed carbonates were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and FTIR. The high purity of the products enables their subsequent use in other applications, contributing to the sustainability of the proposed approach. In summary, this study compares the dynamics of CO₂ capture by MCl₂ in an alkaline medium and evaluates the efficiency of the process in yields of useful carbonates for various industrial applications.

Graphical abstract

大气中二氧化碳含量过高是一项重大的全球挑战，在可预见的未来，过量排放仍将继续。因此，为了实现环境的可持续性，必须有有效的二氧化碳捕获和利用方法。在这项研究中，利用一个简单的自己动手（DIY）装置，开发了一种基于碱土金属溶液起泡的直接从环境空气中捕获二氧化碳的新方法。在鼓泡过程中，环境空气通过扩散器在碱土金属卤化物（即MCl2，其中M=Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+）和氢氧化钠的水溶液中产生微小的气泡。在这个过程中，溶解的金属离子与被限制在微小气泡中的二氧化碳分子相互作用，形成金属碳酸盐。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）监测了空气通量中CO2的损耗。发现CO2捕获效率取决于金属卤化物的类型、浓度和pH值。具体而言，在pH=11时，0.10 mol/L的MCl2水溶液的效率为90% ~ 52%，顺序为：Mg >； Ca > Sr > Ba，其中MgCl2在6-11的pH范围内表现出更好的性能。通过x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱分析（EDS）和红外光谱（FTIR）对所形成的碳酸盐进行了表征。产品的高纯度使其能够在其他应用中后续使用，有助于所提出方法的可持续性。总之，本研究比较了MCl2在碱性介质中捕获CO2的动力学，并评估了该过程在各种工业应用中有用碳酸盐产量方面的效率。图形抽象

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引用次数: 0

Partial or total replacement of blast furnace slag with palm oil fuel ash in high-volume slag cement: hydration characteristics, compressive strength, and carbonation resistance 用棕榈油燃料灰分部分或全部替代高容量矿渣水泥中的高炉矿渣：水化特性、抗压强度和抗碳化性能

Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy

Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-024-00212-3

Yukun Chen, Han-Seung Lee, Yang Sun

With the emergence of new electric arc furnace technology, the long-term supply of blast furnace slag (BFS) may decline. To address this potential shortage, this study proposes partial or total replacement of BFS with palm oil fuel ash (POFA), an agricultural by-product from the oil palm industry, in high-volume slag cement. The hydration characteristics, compressive strength development, and carbonation resistance of the resulting binary/ternary cementitious systems containing BFS or POFA are thoroughly evaluated. The results indicate that POFA is less reactive than BFS at an early stage (2 d or 3 d). However, as the curing time increased, the pozzolanic reaction of POFA became pronounced, significantly reducing the calcium hydroxide content in the hardened paste at later ages. The reactions of POFA and BFS further contribute to the increase in mechanical strength. This study revealed that incorporating 15% POFA in high-volume slag cement paste results in 8.6% greater compressive strength than cement paste without any supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) after 56 d of curing. However, the addition of POFA diminishes the carbonation resistance of such ternary cementitious systems. Specifically, the carbonation rate increases by 16.9% to 95.0% when the proportion of POFA in high-volume ternary cement increases from 15% to 60%. This work provides valuable insights into a ternary cementitious system containing POFA and BFS, promoting the sustainable use of POFA as an SCM in cement-based materials.

Graphical abstract

随着电弧炉新技术的出现，高炉炉渣的长期供应可能会下降。为了解决这一潜在的短缺，本研究建议用棕榈油燃料灰（POFA）部分或全部替代BFS，这是一种来自油棕工业的农业副产品，用于大批量矿渣水泥。对含BFS或POFA的二元/三元胶凝体系的水化特性、抗压强度发展和抗碳化性能进行了全面评估。结果表明，POFA在早期（2 d或3 d）的反应性低于BFS。但随着固化时间的延长，POFA的火山灰反应明显，后期硬化膏体中氢氧化钙含量显著降低。POFA和BFS的反应进一步提高了材料的机械强度。该研究表明，在大体积矿渣水泥浆中加入15% POFA，在养护56 d后，其抗压强度比不添加任何胶凝材料（SCMs）的水泥浆高8.6%。然而，POFA的加入降低了三元胶凝体系的抗碳化能力。具体来说，当POFA在大体积三元水泥中的比例从15%增加到60%时，碳化率提高了16.9%至95.0%。这项工作为包含POFA和BFS的三元胶凝体系提供了有价值的见解，促进了POFA作为SCM在水泥基材料中的可持续使用。图形抽象

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