Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101920-021401
Garrett B. King, Saori Pastore
Nuclei will play a prominent role in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model as the active material in experiments. In order to reliably interpret new physics signals, one needs an accurate model of the underlying nuclear dynamics. In this review, we discuss recent progress made with quantum Monte Carlo approaches for calculating the electroweak structure of light nuclei. We place particular emphasis on recent β decay, muon capture, neutrinoless double β decay, and electron scattering results.
{"title":"Recent Progress in the Electroweak Structure of Light Nuclei Using Quantum Monte Carlo Methods","authors":"Garrett B. King, Saori Pastore","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101920-021401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101920-021401","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclei will play a prominent role in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model as the active material in experiments. In order to reliably interpret new physics signals, one needs an accurate model of the underlying nuclear dynamics. In this review, we discuss recent progress made with quantum Monte Carlo approaches for calculating the electroweak structure of light nuclei. We place particular emphasis on recent β decay, muon capture, neutrinoless double β decay, and electron scattering results.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-021701
Gianpaolo Bellini
The Borexino experiment has developed, in its 32 years of activity, techniques and methods that allow for unprecedented radiopurity levels, which continue to be the current state of the art. These pioneering techniques and methods represent a new standard for ultra-low-background physics, a legacy that Borexino leaves to future experiments studying low-energy neutrinos and searching for rare events with detectors operating deep underground. The Borexino experiment leaves an equally influential scientific legacy with its discoveries and precise measurements of the nuclear processes that cause the Sun and stars to shine. Thanks to its unparalleled low background in the energy window of ∼150 keV to ∼15 MeV, the Borexino experiment also has contributed significantly to the understanding of neutrino oscillations with the observation of the energy-dependent matter to vacuum-dominated flavor conversion probability of solar neutrinos. Along with this textbook-quality body of solar neutrino results, the Borexino experiment has contributed to the study of the Earth's mantle radioactivity with background-free measurements of geoneutrinos. This article presents an overview of the long-lasting Borexino results and of the experimental efforts required to achieve them.
{"title":"Technological Novelties and Scientific Discoveries with the Borexino Experiment","authors":"Gianpaolo Bellini","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-021701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-021701","url":null,"abstract":"The Borexino experiment has developed, in its 32 years of activity, techniques and methods that allow for unprecedented radiopurity levels, which continue to be the current state of the art. These pioneering techniques and methods represent a new standard for ultra-low-background physics, a legacy that Borexino leaves to future experiments studying low-energy neutrinos and searching for rare events with detectors operating deep underground. The Borexino experiment leaves an equally influential scientific legacy with its discoveries and precise measurements of the nuclear processes that cause the Sun and stars to shine. Thanks to its unparalleled low background in the energy window of ∼150 keV to ∼15 MeV, the Borexino experiment also has contributed significantly to the understanding of neutrino oscillations with the observation of the energy-dependent matter to vacuum-dominated flavor conversion probability of solar neutrinos. Along with this textbook-quality body of solar neutrino results, the Borexino experiment has contributed to the study of the Earth's mantle radioactivity with background-free measurements of geoneutrinos. This article presents an overview of the long-lasting Borexino results and of the experimental efforts required to achieve them.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141561368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-014457
Loukas Gouskos, Katharine J.C. Leney
A major focus in particle physics has been on understanding the interactions of the Higgs boson. Tremendous progress has been made in determining the strength of the couplings of the Higgs boson to fermions and vector bosons, but its self-interaction has yet to be established. Understanding the Higgs self-coupling and the form of the potential function of the Higgs field will illuminate the process by which the Higgs boson acquires a vacuum expectation value and could provide insight into the early Universe and, perhaps, its eventual fate. The most natural way to probe the Higgs self-interaction is via searches for Higgs boson pair (HH) production. Since the Standard Model makes a definite prediction for the Higgs self-coupling, enhanced rates and modified kinematic properties of HH production are a smoking-gun signature for new physics. This article reviews the current experimental status of HH searches, discusses the experimental challenges and limitations, and provides an outlook for the future of the field.
{"title":"Double-Higgs Production","authors":"Loukas Gouskos, Katharine J.C. Leney","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-014457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-014457","url":null,"abstract":"A major focus in particle physics has been on understanding the interactions of the Higgs boson. Tremendous progress has been made in determining the strength of the couplings of the Higgs boson to fermions and vector bosons, but its self-interaction has yet to be established. Understanding the Higgs self-coupling and the form of the potential function of the Higgs field will illuminate the process by which the Higgs boson acquires a vacuum expectation value and could provide insight into the early Universe and, perhaps, its eventual fate. The most natural way to probe the Higgs self-interaction is via searches for Higgs boson pair (<jats:italic>HH</jats:italic>) production. Since the Standard Model makes a definite prediction for the Higgs self-coupling, enhanced rates and modified kinematic properties of <jats:italic>HH</jats:italic> production are a smoking-gun signature for new physics. This article reviews the current experimental status of <jats:italic>HH</jats:italic> searches, discusses the experimental challenges and limitations, and provides an outlook for the future of the field.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-121423-100725
Javier Roulet, Tejaswi Venumadhav
This review provides a conceptual and technical survey of methods for parameter estimation of gravitational-wave signals in ground-based interferometers such as Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo. We introduce the framework of Bayesian inference and provide an overview of models for the generation and detection of gravitational waves from compact binary mergers, focusing on the essential features that are observable in the signals. Within the traditional likelihood-based paradigm, we describe various approaches for enhancing the efficiency and robustness of parameter inference. This includes techniques for accelerating likelihood evaluations, such as heterodyne/relative binning, reduced-order quadrature, multibanding, and interpolation. We also cover methods to simplify the analysis to improve convergence, via reparameterization, importance sampling, and marginalization. We end with a discussion of recent developments in the application of likelihood-free (simulation-based) inference methods to gravitational-wave data analysis.
{"title":"Inferring Binary Properties from Gravitational-Wave Signals","authors":"Javier Roulet, Tejaswi Venumadhav","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-121423-100725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-121423-100725","url":null,"abstract":"This review provides a conceptual and technical survey of methods for parameter estimation of gravitational-wave signals in ground-based interferometers such as Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo. We introduce the framework of Bayesian inference and provide an overview of models for the generation and detection of gravitational waves from compact binary mergers, focusing on the essential features that are observable in the signals. Within the traditional likelihood-based paradigm, we describe various approaches for enhancing the efficiency and robustness of parameter inference. This includes techniques for accelerating likelihood evaluations, such as heterodyne/relative binning, reduced-order quadrature, multibanding, and interpolation. We also cover methods to simplify the analysis to improve convergence, via reparameterization, importance sampling, and marginalization. We end with a discussion of recent developments in the application of likelihood-free (simulation-based) inference methods to gravitational-wave data analysis.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-023052
Joel R. Primack
This is a golden age for galaxy formation: Existing and especially new telescopes are providing observations that challenge and illuminate rapidly improving theory and simulations. This review describes the formation of the cosmic web and the structure of the dark matter halos that provide the scaffolding of the Universe. It then summarizes how empirical models, semianalytic models, and hydrodynamic simulations attempt to account for key properties of the galaxy population, including the main sequence of star-forming galaxies, the inefficiency of star formation, the shape evolution and color bimodality of galaxies, and the phenomena that cause galaxies to quench their star formation. It concludes with a summary of observations that have challenged the cosmological constant cold dark matter (ΛCDM) paradigm of galaxy formation—including the Hubble and S8 tensions, bright galaxies in the early Universe, an extragalactic background light mystery, missing satellite galaxies, the diversity of dwarf galaxies, the cusp–core problem, the too-big-to-fail problem, stellar clumps, planes of satellite galaxies, and galaxies without dark matter—and solutions that have been proposed.
{"title":"Galaxy Formation in ΛCDM Cosmology","authors":"Joel R. Primack","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-023052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-023052","url":null,"abstract":"This is a golden age for galaxy formation: Existing and especially new telescopes are providing observations that challenge and illuminate rapidly improving theory and simulations. This review describes the formation of the cosmic web and the structure of the dark matter halos that provide the scaffolding of the Universe. It then summarizes how empirical models, semianalytic models, and hydrodynamic simulations attempt to account for key properties of the galaxy population, including the main sequence of star-forming galaxies, the inefficiency of star formation, the shape evolution and color bimodality of galaxies, and the phenomena that cause galaxies to quench their star formation. It concludes with a summary of observations that have challenged the cosmological constant cold dark matter (ΛCDM) paradigm of galaxy formation—including the Hubble and <jats:italic>S</jats:italic> <jats:sub>8</jats:sub> tensions, bright galaxies in the early Universe, an extragalactic background light mystery, missing satellite galaxies, the diversity of dwarf galaxies, the cusp–core problem, the too-big-to-fail problem, stellar clumps, planes of satellite galaxies, and galaxies without dark matter—and solutions that have been proposed.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-121423-091501
H.L. Crawford, K. Fossez, S. König, A. Spyrou
The field of nuclear science has considerably advanced since its beginning just over a century ago. Today, the science of rare isotopes is on the cusp of a new era with theoretical and computing advances complementing experimental capabilities at new facilities internationally. In this article we present a vision for the science of rare isotope beams (RIBs). We do not attempt to cover the full breadth of the field; rather, we provide a perspective and address a selection of topics that reflect our own interests and expertise. We focus in particular on systems near the drip lines, where one often finds nuclei that are referred to as exotic and where the role of the nuclear continuum is only just starting to be explored. An important aspect of this article is its attempt to highlight the crucial connections between nuclear structure and the nuclear reactions required to fully interpret and leverage the rich data to be collected in the next years at RIB facilities. Further, we connect the efforts in structure and reactions to key questions of nuclear astrophysics.
{"title":"A Vision for the Science of Rare Isotopes","authors":"H.L. Crawford, K. Fossez, S. König, A. Spyrou","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-121423-091501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-121423-091501","url":null,"abstract":"The field of nuclear science has considerably advanced since its beginning just over a century ago. Today, the science of rare isotopes is on the cusp of a new era with theoretical and computing advances complementing experimental capabilities at new facilities internationally. In this article we present a vision for the science of rare isotope beams (RIBs). We do not attempt to cover the full breadth of the field; rather, we provide a perspective and address a selection of topics that reflect our own interests and expertise. We focus in particular on systems near the drip lines, where one often finds nuclei that are referred to as exotic and where the role of the nuclear continuum is only just starting to be explored. An important aspect of this article is its attempt to highlight the crucial connections between nuclear structure and the nuclear reactions required to fully interpret and leverage the rich data to be collected in the next years at RIB facilities. Further, we connect the efforts in structure and reactions to key questions of nuclear astrophysics.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-012235
Fernando Marchesano, Gary Shiu, Timo Weigand
Amid all candidates of physics beyond the Standard Model, string theory provides a unique proposal for incorporating gauge and gravitational interactions. In string theory, a four-dimensional theory that unifies quantum mechanics and gravity is obtained automatically if one posits that the additional dimensions predicted by the theory are small and curled up—a concept known as compactification. The gauge sector of the theory is specified by the topology and geometry of the extra dimensions, and the challenge is to reproduce all of the features of the Standard Model of particle physics from them. We review the state of the art in reproducing the Standard Model from string compactifications and summarize the lessons drawn from this fascinating quest. We describe novel scenarios and mechanisms that string theory provides to address some of the Standard Model puzzles as well as the most frequent signatures of new physics that could be detected in future experiments. We then comment on recent developments that connect, in a rather unexpected way, the Standard Model with quantum gravity and that may change our field theory notion of naturalness.
{"title":"The Standard Model from String Theory: What Have We Learned?","authors":"Fernando Marchesano, Gary Shiu, Timo Weigand","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-012235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-012235","url":null,"abstract":"Amid all candidates of physics beyond the Standard Model, string theory provides a unique proposal for incorporating gauge and gravitational interactions. In string theory, a four-dimensional theory that unifies quantum mechanics and gravity is obtained automatically if one posits that the additional dimensions predicted by the theory are small and curled up—a concept known as compactification. The gauge sector of the theory is specified by the topology and geometry of the extra dimensions, and the challenge is to reproduce all of the features of the Standard Model of particle physics from them. We review the state of the art in reproducing the Standard Model from string compactifications and summarize the lessons drawn from this fascinating quest. We describe novel scenarios and mechanisms that string theory provides to address some of the Standard Model puzzles as well as the most frequent signatures of new physics that could be detected in future experiments. We then comment on recent developments that connect, in a rather unexpected way, the Standard Model with quantum gravity and that may change our field theory notion of naturalness.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-020726
Mikhail Gorchtein, Chien-Yeah Seng
For many decades, the main source of information on the top-left corner element of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa quark mixing matrix, Vud, was superallowed nuclear β decays with an impressive 0.01% precision. This precision, apart from experimental data, relies on theoretical calculations in which nuclear structure–dependent effects and uncertainties play a prime role. This review is dedicated to a thorough reassessment of all ingredients that enter the extraction of the value of Vud from experimental data. We try to keep balance between historical retrospect and new developments, many of which occurred in just the past 5 years. They have not yet been reviewed in a complete manner, not least because new results are forthcoming. This review aims to fill this gap and offers an in-depth yet accessible summary of all recent developments.
几十年来，卡比布-小林-马斯卡瓦夸克混合矩阵左上角元素 V ud 的主要信息来源是超允许核 β 衰变，其精度达到了惊人的 0.01%。除了实验数据之外，这一精度还依赖于理论计算，其中核结构效应和不确定性发挥了重要作用。这篇综述致力于彻底重新评估从实验数据中提取 V ud 值的所有因素。我们试图在历史回顾与新发展之间保持平衡，其中许多新发展发生在过去的 5 年中。我们尚未对它们进行全面回顾，尤其是因为新的成果即将问世。本综述旨在填补这一空白，并对所有最新进展进行深入浅出的总结。
{"title":"Superallowed Nuclear Beta Decays and Precision Tests of the Standard Model","authors":"Mikhail Gorchtein, Chien-Yeah Seng","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-020726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-020726","url":null,"abstract":"For many decades, the main source of information on the top-left corner element of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa quark mixing matrix, <jats:italic>V</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>ud</jats:italic> </jats:sub>, was superallowed nuclear β decays with an impressive 0.01% precision. This precision, apart from experimental data, relies on theoretical calculations in which nuclear structure–dependent effects and uncertainties play a prime role. This review is dedicated to a thorough reassessment of all ingredients that enter the extraction of the value of <jats:italic>V</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>ud</jats:italic> </jats:sub> from experimental data. We try to keep balance between historical retrospect and new developments, many of which occurred in just the past 5 years. They have not yet been reviewed in a complete manner, not least because new results are forthcoming. This review aims to fill this gap and offers an in-depth yet accessible summary of all recent developments.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140620164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-023349
Paul D. Grannis
Over the past 60 years, particle physics has seen the maturation of its Standard Model and an enormous change in the character of the experiments that have defined it. I have had the good fortune to participate in and help shape this evolution.
{"title":"An Experimental Life","authors":"Paul D. Grannis","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-023349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-023349","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 60 years, particle physics has seen the maturation of its Standard Model and an enormous change in the character of the experiments that have defined it. I have had the good fortune to participate in and help shape this evolution.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140550638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-011823-045541
Brian D. Fields, Anton Wallner
Live (not decayed) radioisotopes on the Earth and Moon are messengers from recent nearby astrophysical explosions. Measurements of 60 Fe in deep-sea samples, Antarctic snow, and lunar regolith reveal two pulses about 3 Myr and 7 Myr ago. Detection of 244 Pu in a deep-sea crust indicates a recent r-process event. We review the ultrasensitive accelerator mass spectrometry techniques that enable these findings. We then explore the implications for astrophysics, including supernova nucleosynthesis, particularly the r-process, as well as supernova dust production and the formation of the Local Bubble that envelops the Solar System. The implications go beyond nuclear physics and astrophysics to include studies of heliophysics, astrobiology, geology, and evolutionary biology.
{"title":"Deep-Sea and Lunar Radioisotopes from Nearby Astrophysical Explosions","authors":"Brian D. Fields, Anton Wallner","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-011823-045541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-011823-045541","url":null,"abstract":"Live (not decayed) radioisotopes on the Earth and Moon are messengers from recent nearby astrophysical explosions. Measurements of 60 Fe in deep-sea samples, Antarctic snow, and lunar regolith reveal two pulses about 3 Myr and 7 Myr ago. Detection of 244 Pu in a deep-sea crust indicates a recent r-process event. We review the ultrasensitive accelerator mass spectrometry techniques that enable these findings. We then explore the implications for astrophysics, including supernova nucleosynthesis, particularly the r-process, as well as supernova dust production and the formation of the Local Bubble that envelops the Solar System. The implications go beyond nuclear physics and astrophysics to include studies of heliophysics, astrobiology, geology, and evolutionary biology.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135770792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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