Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Processing iridium foil targets for the production of radioplatinum isotopes","authors":"Evan J. Williams ,&nbsp;Daniel G. Racz ,&nbsp;Kala A. Perry ,&nbsp;Michael E. Fassbender ,&nbsp;Ivis F. Chaple","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dissolving noble metals remains challenging because of their high reduction potentials and tendency to passivate as oxides. This barrier is acute for iridium metal targets used to produce platinum radioisotopes, where post-irradiation processing is costly and hazardous with conventional routes. We report a rapid alkali-fusion method that converts Ir metal directly into chloride media compatible with downstream separations. In the process, an Ir foil is fused with Na₂O₂ and KCl at temperatures above the KCl melting point; the molten salt enhances heat transfer and facilitates O²⁻/Na⁺ transport to the Ir surface, overcoming Ir's oxidation resistance. The fused cake is then cooled and leached in 10 M HCl, yielding Ir in solution without specialized microwave digestion or HF. Pt separation from bulk Ir was evaluated using extraction-chromatography resins. A newly formulated ionic-liquid resin containing Cyphos IL 104 (E104) was compared with two commercial resins (TrisKem TK200 and TK201). All resins achieved &gt;90 % Ir recovery. Pt co-recovery depended on resin chemistry: TK200 recovered 85.9 % Pt, TK201 recovered 54.1 % Pt, and E104 recovered 72.9 % Pt. This study introduces a fast, scalable dissolution route for solid Ir targets and demonstrates resin choices that tune Ir/Pt separation, lowering the barrier to routine production and purification of Pt radioisotopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absorbed-dose energy dependence calculation relevant to EBT3, HD-V2, MD-V3, and RTQA2 Gafchromic films in electron fields","authors":"Mohammad Khosravani,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Baghani,&nbsp;Reza Shamsabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the nominally independent response of radiation dosimeters to beam energy within a given range, all types of dosimeters show a degree of energy dependence. Current study aims to evaluate the absorbed-dose energy dependence of certain Gafchromic films in electron fields through Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and analytical approaches.</div><div>Four different film types including EBT3, HD-V2, MD-V3, and RTQA2 were considered. The MCNPX code was employed to simulate the absorbed-dose energy dependence of considered Gafchromic films inside a water-filled cylindrical phantom with a height of 30 cm and a radius of 20 cm. Furthermore, provided physical reference data by NIST were used for analytical evaluations of absorbed-dose energy dependence response. The energy dependence of selected Gafchromic films was calculated at different electron energies from 4 MeV to 20 MeV.</div><div>The obtained results showed an energy dependence response for all studied films. Among the considered films, EBT3 and HD-V2 respectively, showed the least and the most absorbed-dose energy dependence in electron field. There was good agreement between the obtained results by MC simulation and analytical approach (with differences of less than 4 %).</div><div>From the results, the observed energy dependence of studied Gafchromic films may be challenging for accurate dose measurements in electron fields. Furthermore, the agreement between Monte Carlo simulated and analytically determined f(Q) results indicates that Monte Carlo simulation can be employed as a reliable alternative to the analytical approach for evaluating the absorbed-dose energy dependence of Gafchromic films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypofractionated VMAT for prostate cancer: Integrating second-cancer modelling into clinical and policy decisions","authors":"Amit Kumar Gupta ,&nbsp;Anusha Putcha ,&nbsp;Varshini Vadhithala ,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112466","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the gamma emission intensities of 61Cu","authors":"Frédéric Juget,&nbsp;L. Desorgher,&nbsp;M. Teresa Durán,&nbsp;Youcef Nedjadi,&nbsp;Claude Bailat","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gamma emission probabilities of ⁶¹Cu were determined using a high-purity germanium spectrometer using a sample standardized by Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR), CIEMAT/NIST. A total of 24 gamma-ray lines were measured and compared with previous measurements performed more than 35 years ago. Results present a large uncertainty reduction compared to previous evaluations, in particular for the two main lines at 283 and 656 keV going down to 1.3 % and 1.1 % respectively, compared to around 15 % in the databases. Only the intensities for the two lines at 1662 and 1729 keV disagree with previous measurements giving a discrepancy above 20 %. Seven lines were not observed due to their expected low intensities and additional measurements have to be performed. This work improves considerably the emission probabilities values and their uncertainties in comparison with the current available data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production cross sections and thick target yields of α-particle-induced reactions on natFe below 50 MeV","authors":"Masayuki Aikawa ,&nbsp;Hiroya Chiba ,&nbsp;He Huang ,&nbsp;Damdinsuren Gantumur ,&nbsp;Akihiro Nambu ,&nbsp;Hiromitsu Haba","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>α-particle-induced reactions on ^natFe were studied with a special focus on possible medical radionuclides ^58mCo and ⁵⁵Co. Cross sections for production of ^57,56Ni, ^{61,58m,58g,57,56,55}Co, ^52gFe, ^56,54,52gMn, and ⁵¹Cr and thick target yields of ^57,56Ni, ^58g,57,56,55Co, and ^54,52gMn were determined. Based on agreement between experimental yields and calculated ones using the measured cross sections, high reliability of the experimental data could be reached. The thick target yields of ^58mCo and ⁵⁵Co were calculated and found to be 36 GBq/C (129 MBq/μAh) and 17 MBq/C (62 kBq/μAh) at 35 MeV, respectively. The yield of ^58mCo is promisingly high although that of ⁵⁵Co is low through the reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146050150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiopurity assay of archaeological lead and related compounds for astroparticle physics by mass spectrometry and gamma-ray spectrometry","authors":"Luigi Cappelli ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Clemenza ,&nbsp;Federico Filippini ,&nbsp;Matthias Laubenstein ,&nbsp;Stefano Nisi ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pagnanini ,&nbsp;Luca Pattavina","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel and rapid method is introduced for determining thorium (Th) and uranium (U) concentrations in archaeological lead and related compounds to be used in astroparticle physic. This method involves chromatographic pre-concentration and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Combined data from mass spectrometry and gamma-ray spectrometry measurements are presented. Excellent results were achieved in terms of reliability and sensitivity (ngˑkg⁻¹), even without introducing Th and U isotopes as tracers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of lateral cervical radiographic imaging quality with and without anti-scatter grid application","authors":"Daša Lučić ,&nbsp;Laura Jurša ,&nbsp;Erna Alukić ,&nbsp;Nejc Mekiš","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study investigated the effects of anti-scatter grid removal on radiation dose, image quality, and anatomical visibility in lateral (LAT) cervical spine imaging.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-part prospective study was conducted. In the phantom study, an anthropomorphic head-torso phantom with lard simulating extra fatty tissue of 2–10 cm in 2 cm increments was imaged using protocols with and without an anti-scatter grid. In the clinical study, 80 patients were randomly divided into two groups: half were imaged with an anti-scatter grid, and half without. Data collected included gender, body mass index (BMI), Dose Area Product (DAP), tube voltage (kV), current-time product (mAs), filtration, neck width, and use of Automatic Exposure Control (AEC). Effective dose (ED) and dose to selected organs were calculated using PCXMC 2.0 software. Two traumatologists and one radiologist evaluated all phantom and patient images according to European guidelines using a four-point scale (1 = diagnostically inadequate image; 4 = excellent image quality).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the phantom study, removal of the anti-scatter grid reduced mean DAP by 52.1 % (p &lt; 0.001) without affecting diagnostic adequacy; soft tissue-bone contrast improved (p = 0.009). In the patient study, removal of the anti-scatter grid reduced mean DAP and ED by 63.1 % and 61.7 %, respectively (both p &lt; 0.001). All organ doses were significantly lower (p &lt; 0.001). Soft tissue visibility improved by 12.5 % (p = 0.011), and soft tissue-bone contrast improved by 9.1 % (p = 0.007) without the anti-scatter grid. No other quality criteria differed significantly.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In both phantom and patient studies, removal of the anti-scatter grid resulted in significant dose reduction while maintaining or improving image quality. These results are consistent with previous findings and support the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle. Omitting the anti-scatter grid in LAT cervical spine imaging reduces dose by about 60 % without compromising diagnostic quality. Routine use in clinical practice is recommended to increase patient safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and Monte Carlo simulation studies on the radiation shielding performance of lead-free TeO2-ZnO-CaO-B2O3 glass system","authors":"Sk Rezaul Karim ,&nbsp;Taruni Kumar Sahu ,&nbsp;Haridas G. ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ashiq","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents the theoretical and simulation studies of the radiation shielding performance of lead-free TeO₂-ZnO-CaO-B₂O₃ glass system. The theoretical density of the glass system was calculated using the rule of mixture and increased from 3.63 to 4.56 g/cm³ with increasing TeO₂ content. The mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) of the TeZnCaB glass system were evaluated over a photon energy range of 0.015–10 MeV using FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation and validated through XCOM and Phy-X/PSD software, showing excellent agreement. The MAC values increased progressively with TeO₂ addition, reaching a maximum of 36.437 cm²/g at 0.015 MeV for the TeZnCaB45 sample, indicating enhanced radiation shielding capability. Correspondingly, the half-value layer (HVL) decreased from 0.0069 to 0.0045 cm at 0.015 MeV and from 7.385 to 5.617 cm at 10 MeV, following the trend TeZnCaB20 &gt; TeZnCaB25 &gt; TeZnCaB30 &gt; TeZnCaB35 &gt; TeZnCaB40 &gt; TeZnCaB45. Similarly, the mean free path (MFP) decreased with increasing TeO₂ concentration, confirming improved attenuation efficiency. The effective atomic number (Z_eff) increased from 32.885 to 38.445 at low photon energy, reflecting stronger photon-matter interaction with increasing TeO₂ content. Among the investigated compositions, the TeZnCaB45 sample exhibited the best overall shielding performance due to its highest density, largest MAC and maximum Z_eff. Moreover, the developed glasses demonstrated superior shielding performance compared to some commercial shielding glasses and ordinary concrete. These findings indicate that the TeZnCaB glasses are eco-friendly, non-toxic and promising alternatives to lead, with strong potential as effective shielding materials for X-ray and gamma-ray protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of mechanical and electrical properties through positron annihilation spectroscopy for different thickness of NBR/PVC/Gamma 600 blend","authors":"Hamdy F.M. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Howayda G. Taha ,&nbsp;I.T. Zedan ,&nbsp;Yehya S. Elsharkawy ,&nbsp;Mohamed R.M. Elsharkawy","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the nano-structural and dielectric behavior of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composite filled with Gamma 600, a newly developed lead-free radiation shielding filler, for protection against ionizing radiation. The NBR/PVC composite was prepared in an 80:20 wt ratio and processed with standard rubber compounding additives. The filler was incorporated at a concentration of 72.6 phr. The NBR/PVC/Gamma 600 blend was processed into two sheets of different thicknesses (1.95 mm and 3.25 mm) to examine the influence of thickness variation on ion transport characteristics and the behavior of the free volume. Wide angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) measurements confirmed the loss of semi-crystalline order in thinner samples, reflecting enhanced radiation interaction at reduced thickness. Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at failure reflect a clear difference in degree of crystallinity between the two thicknesses of the blend, where the thicker NBR/PVC/Gamma 600 (3.25 mm) had a high degree of crystallinity and showed higher yield and ultimate stress than the thinner sample (1.95 mm). The positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy served as a sensitive probe for nanoscopic free volume, while AC conductivity and dielectric spectroscopy assessed the electrical performance following Jonscher's power law and the correlated barrier hopping model. The results revealed a gradual decline in <em>o</em>-Ps lifetime τ₃ and intensity <em>I</em>_<em>3</em> over long-term measurement times, indicating progressive structural densification. The thicker samples showed a slightly enhanced electrical conductivity and a more stable dielectric response. The reduction in free volume size reflected by <em>o</em>-Ps lifetime τ₃ confirmed this densification process over the 20 h measurement period. These structural changes, along with conductivity trends, suggest improved stability for use in radiation shielding environments. The dielectric constant and loss factor displayed expected frequency-dependent trends, with thicker samples exhibiting higher conductivity. These results presented the usefulness of the dielectric spectroscopy and positron annihilation spectroscopy for investigating the nanostructure of blends exposed to ionized radiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146045960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological indices and radiation shielding capability of a material: A case study of n-dimensional fullerenes","authors":"M. Alobeid,&nbsp;I. Alhagaish,&nbsp;Z.Y. Khattari","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protection against γ-ray radiation is critically important in fields ranging from nuclear energy to space exploration. This study investigates correlations between topological indices and the radiation shielding effectiveness of n-dimensional fullerene structures, serving as a model system. Four key indices—Wiener (<em>W</em>), Szeged (<em>Sz</em>), Balaban (<em>J</em>), and Randić (<em>R</em>)—were calculated, revealing their exponential growth with structural complexity (<em>e.g</em>., <em>W</em> = n · 4⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾ for an n-dimensional hypercube). The linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) were computed over an energy range of 0.015–15.0 MeV. Exemplified at E = 0.500 MeV, then (LAC, HVL, n) values are (0.079, 8.786, 20), (0.08, 8.683, 24), (0.08, 8.643, 26), (0.081, 8.603, 28), (0.081, 8.535, 60). Notably, the Balaban index demonstrated the strongest positive correlation with the LAC (R² = <strong>0.</strong>99956) among them, suggesting it is a powerful predictive descriptor for radiation attenuation. This interdisciplinary work bridges graph theory with materials science, demonstrating that topological indices can provide a foundational framework for the rational design of advanced radiation shielding materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 112365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}