Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112555
Le Van Tinh , Phan Viet Cuong , Nguyen Van Kien , Chau Ngoc Anh Minh , Pham Duc Khue , Nguyễn Thanh Bình , Le Tuan Anh
The motivation of this work is to develop a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation code based on the Geant4 toolkit for modeling the Elekta Agility head of the VersaHD linear accelerator. This effort aims to support the treatment planning and medical research activities at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital. The code implementation allows reading the logfiles recorded during treatment and recalculating the actual patient dose distribution, which can be applied for patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA). The simulation model was validated through comparisons with experimental measurements, including percentage depth dose (PDD) and lateral dose profiles acquired using a water phantom and an ionization chamber dosimeter. A gamma index analysis demonstrated good agreement between simulation and measurement with the 3%/3 mm acceptance criteria for lateral dose profiles. Similarly, the PDD analysis with the 2%/2 mm acceptance criteria yielded equally satisfactory results.
{"title":"Modeling the Agility head of the VersaHD accelerator and its beam profile by Geant4: Logfile-based geometry implementation","authors":"Le Van Tinh , Phan Viet Cuong , Nguyen Van Kien , Chau Ngoc Anh Minh , Pham Duc Khue , Nguyễn Thanh Bình , Le Tuan Anh","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The motivation of this work is to develop a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation code based on the Geant4 toolkit for modeling the Elekta Agility head of the VersaHD linear accelerator. This effort aims to support the treatment planning and medical research activities at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital. The code implementation allows reading the logfiles recorded during treatment and recalculating the actual patient dose distribution, which can be applied for patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA). The simulation model was validated through comparisons with experimental measurements, including percentage depth dose (PDD) and lateral dose profiles acquired using a water phantom and an ionization chamber dosimeter. A gamma index analysis demonstrated good agreement between simulation and measurement with the 3%/3 mm acceptance criteria for lateral dose profiles. Similarly, the PDD analysis with the 2%/2 mm acceptance criteria yielded equally satisfactory results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112538
Mohammad Alshaikh , Abdullah Rastanawi , Khaled Alnssar , Suleiman Dibo
In this work, Maxwellian-averaged neutron capture cross sections (MACS) for stable isotopes of Ca, Ti, Zn, Ge, Se, and Kr at 30 and 1420 keV are systematically investigated to establish predictive links with fundamental nuclear-structure properties. A fully model-independent methodology is applied through graphical trend analysis across isotopic chains, revealing robust correlations between and neutron separation energy (), binding energy per nucleon (), and quadrupole deformation (). The results demonstrate that increases with and while showing a clear inverse dependence on . On this basis, a compact empirical expression is proposed that unifies key structural and reaction parameters, enabling reliable reproduction of evaluated data and extending predictive capability for isotopes lacking measurements.
{"title":"Systematic investigation of the relationship between neutron radiative capture cross sections and fundamental nuclear properties in isotopes of Ca, Ti, Zn, Ge, Se, and Kr at 30 and 1420 keV","authors":"Mohammad Alshaikh , Abdullah Rastanawi , Khaled Alnssar , Suleiman Dibo","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, Maxwellian-averaged neutron capture cross sections (MACS) for stable isotopes of Ca, Ti, Zn, Ge, Se, and Kr at 30 and 1420 keV are systematically investigated to establish predictive links with fundamental nuclear-structure properties. A fully model-independent methodology is applied through graphical trend analysis across isotopic chains, revealing robust correlations between <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>γ</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and neutron separation energy (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mi>n</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>), binding energy per nucleon (<span><math><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>A</mi></mrow></math></span>), and quadrupole deformation (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>β</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>). The results demonstrate that <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>γ</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> increases with <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>S</mi><mi>n</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>β</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> while showing a clear inverse dependence on <span><math><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>A</mi></mrow></math></span>. On this basis, a compact empirical expression is proposed that unifies key structural and reaction parameters, enabling reliable reproduction of evaluated data and extending predictive capability for isotopes lacking measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147363769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The insertion device for the Iranian light source facility (ILSF), a 3 GeV third-generation light source, is in the design and construction phase. Insertion devices incorporate up to several thousand magnetic blocks to generate a sinusoidal magnetic field. The primary sources of limitations in the spectral flux and brilliance are the different remanence magnetizations for each magnet block, which are unavoidable. The magnetic field error affects the phase radiation and path of the electron, as well as other issues. The phase error directly affects the relative intensity of the radiation; thus, the intensity decreases with an increase in the phase error. These magnets must be measured and appropriately sorted to minimize phase errors. This study used genetic algorithms on an ILSF's pure permanent magnet undulator as a sorting technique to minimize phase error. The genetic algorithm was implemented using the Wolfram programming language. The optimal magnetic sorting achieved through a genetic algorithm reduces the phase error to 8.78°, which is an 82.9% decrease compared to a random magnetic block setup (51.41°). As a result, the relative intensity increases to 0.98, representing a 104% rise over the random arrangement (0.48), and the electron beam deviation from the undulator axis drops by 90%, from 81.66 μm to 7.93 μm.
{"title":"Phase error reduction in ILSF undulators using a genetic algorithm for sorting the magnetic blocks","authors":"Karam Mohammadpour , Farhad Saeidi , Mansour Hadad , Naser Vosoughi","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The insertion device for the Iranian light source facility (ILSF), a 3 GeV third-generation light source, is in the design and construction phase. Insertion devices incorporate up to several thousand magnetic blocks to generate a sinusoidal magnetic field. The primary sources of limitations in the spectral flux and brilliance are the different remanence magnetizations for each magnet block, which are unavoidable. The magnetic field error affects the phase radiation and path of the electron, as well as other issues. The phase error directly affects the relative intensity of the radiation; thus, the intensity decreases with an increase in the phase error. These magnets must be measured and appropriately sorted to minimize phase errors. This study used genetic algorithms on an ILSF's pure permanent magnet undulator as a sorting technique to minimize phase error. The genetic algorithm was implemented using the Wolfram programming language. The optimal magnetic sorting achieved through a genetic algorithm reduces the phase error to 8.78°, which is an 82.9% decrease compared to a random magnetic block setup (51.41°). As a result, the relative intensity increases to 0.98, representing a 104% rise over the random arrangement (0.48), and the electron beam deviation from the undulator axis drops by 90%, from 81.66 μm to 7.93 μm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147376034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112530
Islam M. Nabil , Ashraf A. Abul-Magd , Hesham M.H. Zakaly , Sameh A. Elhameed , Nancy N. Elewa , Shaaban M. Shaaban , Islam N. Fathy
This study investigates the structural and physical modifications induced by the incorporation of silver iodide (AgI) into a borate glass matrix. A glass series with the general formula ((75-x) B2O3 + 20PbO + 5MnO2 + xAgI), where 0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0 mol% in increments of 0.5 mol%, was synthesized. The glass samples were examined using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), optical spectroscopy, density measurements, and other analytical tools. Furthermore, the radiation shielding proficiency of the investigated glass system was evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations and Phy-X software, focusing on parameters such as the linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mass attenuation coefficient (μm), half value layer (HV), etc. Experimental results revealed that increasing the AgI content from 0 to 2.0 mol% led to a 7.7% linear increase in density, rising from 3.12 to 3.36 g/cm3, while the molar volume decreased from 32.4 to 31.1 cm3/mol. FT-IR analysis indicated that AgI acts as a lattice modifier, facilitating the conversion of BO4 units to BO3 units and subsequently increasing the concentration of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs). These structural changes, alongside heightened internal lattice disorder, resulted in a reduction of 3.04% of the optical band gap from 2.96 to 2.87 eV. Optical spectra further demonstrated that Ag+ ions influence the coordination of manganese, favoring the transition of Mn2+ ions from tetrahedral to octahedral sites. Shielding analysis confirmed that the linear attenuation coefficient follows the order: BPbMnAg0.0 < BPbMnAg0.5 < BPbMnAg1.0 < BPbMnAg1.5 < BPbMnAg2.0. Additionally, calculated effective removal cross-sections indicated that increasing AgI concentrations significantly enhance fast neutron removal capacity. These findings suggest that AgI-doped manganese lead borate glasses are highly effective candidates for advanced photon and neutron shielding applications.
{"title":"Tailoring optical and radiation shielding properties of manganese lead borate glasses via silver iodide modification","authors":"Islam M. Nabil , Ashraf A. Abul-Magd , Hesham M.H. Zakaly , Sameh A. Elhameed , Nancy N. Elewa , Shaaban M. Shaaban , Islam N. Fathy","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the structural and physical modifications induced by the incorporation of silver iodide (AgI) into a borate glass matrix. A glass series with the general formula ((75-x) B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 20PbO + 5MnO<sub>2</sub> + xAgI), where 0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0 mol% in increments of 0.5 mol%, was synthesized. The glass samples were examined using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), optical spectroscopy, density measurements, and other analytical tools. Furthermore, the radiation shielding proficiency of the investigated glass system was evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations and Phy-X software, focusing on parameters such as the linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mass attenuation coefficient (μ<sub>m</sub>), half value layer (HV), etc. Experimental results revealed that increasing the AgI content from 0 to 2.0 mol% led to a 7.7% linear increase in density, rising from 3.12 to 3.36 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, while the molar volume decreased from 32.4 to 31.1 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol. FT-IR analysis indicated that AgI acts as a lattice modifier, facilitating the conversion of BO<sub>4</sub> units to BO<sub>3</sub> units and subsequently increasing the concentration of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs). These structural changes, alongside heightened internal lattice disorder, resulted in a reduction of 3.04% of the optical band gap from 2.96 to 2.87 eV. Optical spectra further demonstrated that Ag<sup>+</sup> ions influence the coordination of manganese, favoring the transition of Mn<sup>2+</sup> ions from tetrahedral to octahedral sites. Shielding analysis confirmed that the linear attenuation coefficient follows the order: BPbMnAg0.0 < BPbMnAg0.5 < BPbMnAg1.0 < BPbMnAg1.5 < BPbMnAg2.0. Additionally, calculated effective removal cross-sections indicated that increasing AgI concentrations significantly enhance fast neutron removal capacity. These findings suggest that AgI-doped manganese lead borate glasses are highly effective candidates for advanced photon and neutron shielding applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112537
Nada Farhan Kadhim , Yasser Ayad Kadhim , Hala Adnan Ahmed , Mohammed jawad Kadhim , Hyam Nazmy Badr Khalaf , A. Ashour , Mostafa Y.A. Mostafa
In this study, radon (222Rn) gas concentration has been investigated in the indoor air of selected 30 homes in Baghdad city to estimate the Lung cancer risk. An active technique, the radon-scout detector, is used. The detector was placed in the middle of the living room at a height of nearly 1 m. The measuring time for each house is 7 days (166 h). The radon-scout detector measures the average exposure, maximum exposure, minimum exposure, temperature, and relative humidity (%). Results show that the average exposure in all homes is in the range from 14 ± 3 to 53 ± 4.9 Bq m−3. The maximum exposure is 307 Bq m−3, which is detected at houses1 (h1), the minimum exposure is zero, which is detected at all houses, the relative humidity ranges between 73% and 28%, the temperature ranges between 32 and 13 °C. All the estimated average radon exposures within the global limits of 200-300 Bq m−3, except one reading detected at h1 (307 Bq m−3), were slightly higher than the recommended limits. Based on measured results, the maximum potential energy of alpha concentration (PEAC) is 5.724 WLM estimated at h9, the exposure to radon progeny (EP) is ranged from 0.0623 to 0.235 WLM y−1, the annual absorbed dose rate (D) is ranged from 0.35 to 1.34 × 10−6 mSv y−1, the annual effective dose rate (ED) is ranged from 0.35 to 3.2 mSv y−1, and the lung cancer risk (LCR) is ranged between 15.1 and 57.8. Finally, it can be concluded that houses in Baghdad city are safe from radon gas as a second cause of lung cancer worldwide.
{"title":"Indoor radon gas measurements and its cancer risk using radon-scout detector","authors":"Nada Farhan Kadhim , Yasser Ayad Kadhim , Hala Adnan Ahmed , Mohammed jawad Kadhim , Hyam Nazmy Badr Khalaf , A. Ashour , Mostafa Y.A. Mostafa","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, radon (<sup>222</sup>Rn) gas concentration has been investigated in the indoor air of selected 30 homes in Baghdad city to estimate the Lung cancer risk. An active technique, the radon-scout detector, is used. The detector was placed in the middle of the living room at a height of nearly 1 m. The measuring time for each house is 7 days (166 h). The radon-scout detector measures the average exposure, maximum exposure, minimum exposure, temperature, and relative humidity (%). Results show that the average exposure in all homes is in the range from 14 ± 3 to 53 ± 4.9 Bq m<sup>−3</sup>. The maximum exposure is 307 Bq m<sup>−3</sup>, which is detected at houses1 (h1), the minimum exposure is zero, which is detected at all houses, the relative humidity ranges between 73% and 28%, the temperature ranges between 32 and 13 °C. All the estimated average radon exposures within the global limits of 200-300 Bq m<sup>−3</sup>, except one reading detected at h1 (307 Bq m<sup>−3</sup>), were slightly higher than the recommended limits. Based on measured results, the maximum potential energy of alpha concentration (PEAC) is 5.724 WLM estimated at h9, the exposure to radon progeny (EP) is ranged from 0.0623 to 0.235 WLM y<sup>−1</sup>, the annual absorbed dose rate (D) is ranged from 0.35 to 1.34 × 10<sup>−6</sup> mSv y<sup>−1</sup>, the annual effective dose rate (ED) is ranged from 0.35 to 3.2 mSv y<sup>−1</sup>, and the lung cancer risk (LCR) is ranged between 15.1 and 57.8. Finally, it can be concluded that houses in Baghdad city are safe from radon gas as a second cause of lung cancer worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112556
Jun Fu, Jie Yang, Gengyu Ge
Background
Medical image fusion methods can provide more comprehensive and precise details about the internal structures of the human body by integrating data from multiple medical images, thereby helping doctors diagnose diseases more accurately. Meanwhile, medical fusion images can help doctors better observe and process diseased tissues, reduce the occurrence of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, and lower medical risks and costs. Furthermore, medical image fusion technology can also serve as a teaching tool to help medical students better understand and master relevant knowledge.
Purpose
However, current medical image fusion algorithms have drawbacks such as information loss, edge blurring, algorithm complexity, and poor real-time performance, which limit their applications.
Methods
In response to these deficiencies, this article proposes a saliency multiscale dense residual network for multimodal medical image fusion. Firstly, add the two original medical images together, and then input them into a deep convolutional neural network to extract saliency feature maps. Next, a multiscale dense residual network reconstructs the image, followed by color transformation to produce the final fusion result.
Conclusions
The experimental results show that the fusion images of the proposed algorithm have richer details, higher color fidelity, and better objective performance compared to the reference algorithms.
{"title":"SMDRnet: Saliency multiscale dense residual network for multimodal medical image fusion","authors":"Jun Fu, Jie Yang, Gengyu Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medical image fusion methods can provide more comprehensive and precise details about the internal structures of the human body by integrating data from multiple medical images, thereby helping doctors diagnose diseases more accurately. Meanwhile, medical fusion images can help doctors better observe and process diseased tissues, reduce the occurrence of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, and lower medical risks and costs. Furthermore, medical image fusion technology can also serve as a teaching tool to help medical students better understand and master relevant knowledge.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>However, current medical image fusion algorithms have drawbacks such as information loss, edge blurring, algorithm complexity, and poor real-time performance, which limit their applications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In response to these deficiencies, this article proposes a saliency multiscale dense residual network for multimodal medical image fusion. Firstly, add the two original medical images together, and then input them into a deep convolutional neural network to extract saliency feature maps. Next, a multiscale dense residual network reconstructs the image, followed by color transformation to produce the final fusion result.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The experimental results show that the fusion images of the proposed algorithm have richer details, higher color fidelity, and better objective performance compared to the reference algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluated the nutritional value of cottonseed meal (CSM) processed by roasting (125 °C for 30 min) and electron beam (EB) irradiation (75 kGy), using both in situ and in vivo approaches. Ruminal degradation kinetics were assessed via the nylon bag technique. A fattening trial was conducted using 18 male Shal lambs (32.44 ± 5.20 kg) in a completely randomized design (CRD). The lambs were assigned to three groups (n = 6), each receiving one of the experimental diets (treatments) containing untreated CSM (control), heat-treated (roasted) CSM (RCSM), or EB-irradiated CSM (ICSM). Both processing methods reduced the effective ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein at outflow rates of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.08 h−1 (P < 0.05); however, EB irradiation was more effective. Blood parameters remained unaffected (P > 0.05). Notably, lambs fed ICSM exhibited higher feed intake (P = 0.02), daily weight gain (P = 0.03), total weight gain (P = 0.03), and final body weight (P = 0.04) compared with those receiving RCSM. Feed conversion ratio showed a favorable trend (P = 0.08). Additionally, hot and cold carcass weights (P = 0.02, P = 0.04) and eye muscle width (P = 0.01) were greater in the ICSM group. These results suggest that EB irradiation improves ruminal protein protection and enhances growth performance and carcass quality in fattening lambs.
{"title":"Electron beam and roasting treatments of cottonseed meal: Implications for gossypol content, rumen degradability parameters and fattening performance in lambs","authors":"Farzad Ghanbari , Hormoz Mansouri , Nader Papi , Taghi Ghoorchi , Parvin Shawrang , Noormohammad TorbatiNejad , Davood Ebrahimi Meymand , Esmaeil Esmaeili Rad","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the nutritional value of cottonseed meal (CSM) processed by roasting (125 °C for 30 min) and electron beam (EB) irradiation (75 kGy), using both <em>in situ</em> and <em>in vivo</em> approaches. Ruminal degradation kinetics were assessed via the nylon bag technique. A fattening trial was conducted using 18 male Shal lambs (32.44 ± 5.20 kg) in a completely randomized design (CRD). The lambs were assigned to three groups (n = 6), each receiving one of the experimental diets (treatments) containing untreated CSM (control), heat-treated (roasted) CSM (RCSM), or EB-irradiated CSM (ICSM). Both processing methods reduced the effective ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein at outflow rates of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.08 h<sup>−1</sup> (P < 0.05); however, EB irradiation was more effective. Blood parameters remained unaffected (P > 0.05). Notably, lambs fed ICSM exhibited higher feed intake (P = 0.02), daily weight gain (P = 0.03), total weight gain (P = 0.03), and final body weight (P = 0.04) compared with those receiving RCSM. Feed conversion ratio showed a favorable trend (P = 0.08). Additionally, hot and cold carcass weights (P = 0.02, P = 0.04) and eye muscle width (P = 0.01) were greater in the ICSM group. These results suggest that EB irradiation improves ruminal protein protection and enhances growth performance and carcass quality in fattening lambs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 112484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146161829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112491
Gabrielle Roveratti, Daniel Marcos Bonotto
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and gamma-ray spectrometry are essential analytical techniques in geological and geochemical studies, providing valuable insights into the composition, origin, and evolution of sedimentary and igneous formations. In Brazil, these methods have been increasingly applied to identify hydrocarbon-bearing regions and to characterize lithological variations across sedimentary basins. The Irati Formation, in particular, represents one of the primary hydrocarbon-generating sequences in the Paraná Basin, comprising organic-rich shales and carbonates that are capable of producing oil under suitable thermal conditions. In this context, the integration of geochemical and geophysical analyses, supported by modern computational tools, allows for a more precise interpretation of geological processes. The results revealed strong geochemical partitioning between carbonate and siliciclastic fractions, identified a hybrid lithofacies ("limestone-cucuruto"), while the K/U ratios confirmed a mineralogy poor in K-feldspars and dominated by carbonate phases. The present study applied statistical and multivariate methods using the Python programming language, enabling robust and reproducible analyses of geochemical data. This approach enhanced the understanding of the geochemical behavior of the Irati Formation, contributing to the assessment of its hydrocarbon potential within the basin's geological framework.
{"title":"Radiometric characterization of the Irati Formation at Saltinho city, São Paulo State, Brazil","authors":"Gabrielle Roveratti, Daniel Marcos Bonotto","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and gamma-ray spectrometry are essential analytical techniques in geological and geochemical studies, providing valuable insights into the composition, origin, and evolution of sedimentary and igneous formations. In Brazil, these methods have been increasingly applied to identify hydrocarbon-bearing regions and to characterize lithological variations across sedimentary basins. The Irati Formation, in particular, represents one of the primary hydrocarbon-generating sequences in the Paraná Basin, comprising organic-rich shales and carbonates that are capable of producing oil under suitable thermal conditions. In this context, the integration of geochemical and geophysical analyses, supported by modern computational tools, allows for a more precise interpretation of geological processes. The results revealed strong geochemical partitioning between carbonate and siliciclastic fractions, identified a hybrid lithofacies (\"limestone-cucuruto\"), while the K/U ratios confirmed a mineralogy poor in K-feldspars and dominated by carbonate phases. The present study applied statistical and multivariate methods using the Python programming language, enabling robust and reproducible analyses of geochemical data. This approach enhanced the understanding of the geochemical behavior of the Irati Formation, contributing to the assessment of its hydrocarbon potential within the basin's geological framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 112491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112475
Zainab S. Nasr , Yasmeen A. Hasanien , Mahmoud A. Mosleh , Mohamed H. Aboumanei
Studying the biosynthesis of melanin from biological sources is essential due to the expanding demand for natural materials in various industries. The fungus Aspergillus luchuensis in the current study developed the extracellular melanin pigment. Aspergillus luchuensis AUMC 16931 was isolated from dye factory wastewater and identified by 18S-rRNA gene as the most potent one from 5 isolates. Optimized conditions boosted melanin production, and the pigment was encapsulated into niosomes using the ether injection method, forming stable, lipid-based nanocarriers. These melanin-loaded niosomes (MN) were tagged with technetium-99m (99mTc) to track their journey in living organisms. By injecting them directly into tumors in mice, their distribution was studied, revealing impressive tumor accumulation and retention. These results suggest that melanin-loaded niosomes hold great promise as a tool for photothermal cancer therapy, using targeted heat to combat tumors effectively.
{"title":"Pure fungal melanin: green bioproduction, characterization, niosomal formulation, radiolabeling, and in vivo biodistribution as a probe for photothermal therapy of cancer","authors":"Zainab S. Nasr , Yasmeen A. Hasanien , Mahmoud A. Mosleh , Mohamed H. Aboumanei","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studying the biosynthesis of melanin from biological sources is essential due to the expanding demand for natural materials in various industries. The fungus <em>Aspergillus luchuensis</em> in the current study developed the extracellular melanin pigment. <em>Aspergillus luchuensis</em> AUMC 16931 was isolated from dye factory wastewater and identified by 18S-rRNA gene as the most potent one from 5 isolates. Optimized conditions boosted melanin production, and the pigment was encapsulated into niosomes using the ether injection method, forming stable, lipid-based nanocarriers. These melanin-loaded niosomes (MN) were tagged with technetium-99m (<sup>99m</sup>Tc) to track their journey in living organisms. By injecting them directly into tumors in mice, their distribution was studied, revealing impressive tumor accumulation and retention. These results suggest that melanin-loaded niosomes hold great promise as a tool for photothermal cancer therapy, using targeted heat to combat tumors effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 112475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112488
Yadong Wang , Yi Wang , Xiongxin Dai
A new method to determine the 60Co impurity in 14C-urea capsules by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) has been developed. In this method, the counting signals produced by the Compton electrons of 60Co is used for 60Co analysis by selecting an appropriate region of interest in the LSC spectrum of the 14C-urea capsule sample. The spectral interferences caused by the high-activity 14C and the quench effect can be effectively eliminated by using a fixed sample preparation procedure. This method was validated by standard addition method using the commercial 14C-urea capsules and the results of 60Co activity are in good agreement with the expected values. The sensitivity of this method is calculated as ≤0.0064% for 60Co content and sufficiently competent for the limit test of <0.1% radio-impurity (including 60Co) in 14C-urea capsules. The method provides a practicable guidance for the radionuclidic purity test of 14C-urea capsules using LSC and can be directly applied in the routine quality test of 14C-urea capsules.
{"title":"Limit test for cobalt-60 in carbon-14 urea capsules by liquid scintillation counting","authors":"Yadong Wang , Yi Wang , Xiongxin Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new method to determine the <sup>60</sup>Co impurity in <sup>14</sup>C-urea capsules by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) has been developed. In this method, the counting signals produced by the Compton electrons of <sup>60</sup>Co is used for <sup>60</sup>Co analysis by selecting an appropriate region of interest in the LSC spectrum of the <sup>14</sup>C-urea capsule sample. The spectral interferences caused by the high-activity <sup>14</sup>C and the quench effect can be effectively eliminated by using a fixed sample preparation procedure. This method was validated by standard addition method using the commercial <sup>14</sup>C-urea capsules and the results of <sup>60</sup>Co activity are in good agreement with the expected values. The sensitivity of this method is calculated as ≤0.0064% for <sup>60</sup>Co content and sufficiently competent for the limit test of <0.1% radio-impurity (including <sup>60</sup>Co) in <sup>14</sup>C-urea capsules. The method provides a practicable guidance for the radionuclidic purity test of <sup>14</sup>C-urea capsules using LSC and can be directly applied in the routine quality test of <sup>14</sup>C-urea capsules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 112488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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