Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献_第6页

Radiation shielding, mechanical and structural properties of TiO2-Doped photopolymer composites fabricated via DLP 3D printing DLP 3D打印制备tio2掺杂光聚合物复合材料的辐射屏蔽、力学和结构性能

IF 1.8 3区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112368

Yusuf Kavun , Nuran Çelikçi , Süleyman Kerli

This study investigated the structural, physical, and radiation shielding properties of TiO₂-doped photopolymer composites fabricated via Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing. Leveraging the high resolution and design flexibility of DLP, TiO₂, a high-Z and non-toxic ceramic, was incorporated into a polyurethane acrylate resin at concentrations of 0 %, 0.020 %, 0.062 %, and 0.180 %. The composites were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, TG-DTG, mechanical testing, contact angle and chemical resistance analyses. Results showed that TiO₂ enhanced compressive strength at higher concentrations, though tensile ductility decreased due to the rigidifying effect of the additive. Contact angle studies confirmed superhydrophobic behavior (contact angles >170°) for all composites, with the highest hydrophobicity at the maximum TiO₂ content. Furthermore, chemical resistance evaluations revealed excellent stability against acidic, basic, and aromatic medium. Gamma shielding performance was systematically assessed using NaI(Tl) detectors and multiple gamma sources. As a result of the measurements, Linear Attenuation Coefficient (LAC), which is the amount of absorption per unit thickness, Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC), Half and Tenth Value Layers (HVL)(TVL), and Mean Free Path (MFP) parameters were calculated. According to the MAC results, the MAC value increased to 0.0605 cm²/g for the pure resin at 81 keV gamma energy and to 0.0748 cm²/g when the TiO₂ content was increased by 0.180 %. As can be seen from these results, the increase in TiO₂ positively impacted radiation shielding properties. Overall, this study demonstrates the applicability of DLP 3D printing to design advanced polymer-based composites with structural, surface, and shielding properties specifically designed for next-generation protective systems.

本研究研究了通过数字光处理（DLP） 3D打印制备的tio2掺杂光聚合物复合材料的结构、物理和辐射屏蔽性能。利用DLP的高分辨率和设计灵活性，TiO2（一种高z无毒陶瓷）以0%、0.020%、0.062%和0.180%的浓度掺入聚氨酯丙烯酸酯树脂中。采用SEM、FTIR、XRD、TG-DTG、力学测试、接触角分析和耐化学性分析对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明，TiO2浓度越高，抗压强度越强，但拉伸延展性因添加剂的刚性作用而降低。接触角研究证实了所有复合材料的超疏水行为（接触角>；170°），在TiO2含量最大时疏水性最高。此外，耐化学性评价显示其对酸性、碱性和芳香介质具有良好的稳定性。利用NaI（Tl）探测器和多个伽玛源系统地评估了伽玛屏蔽性能。根据测量结果，计算了线性衰减系数（LAC），即单位厚度的吸收量，质量衰减系数（MAC），半和十值层（HVL）（TVL）和平均自由程（MFP）参数。结果表明，当γ能量为81 keV时，纯树脂的MAC值增加到0.0605 cm2/g；当TiO2含量增加0.180%时，MAC值增加到0.0748 cm2/g。从这些结果可以看出，TiO2的增加正影响辐射屏蔽性能。总的来说，这项研究证明了DLP 3D打印在设计先进的聚合物基复合材料方面的适用性，这些复合材料具有结构、表面和屏蔽性能，专门为下一代保护系统设计。

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引用次数: 0

First estimation of the clinical utility of boronotyrosine as a boron delivery compound for boron neutron capture therapy in head and neck cancer 首次评估硼酪氨酸作为硼传递化合物用于头颈癌硼中子俘获治疗的临床应用

IF 1.8 3区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112423

Warren Kilby , Chad Lee , Karen Morrison , Linnette Capo , Maki Ikeura , Michael Torgov , Tioga J. Martin , Maria-Christina Malinao , Dave Dewitt , Perry Young , Kendall Morrison , Arthur Raitano

Boronotyrosine (BTS) is a candidate boron delivery compound for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). In comparison to the current standard, boronophenylalanine (BPA), BTS provides higher solubility and improved specificity, retention, and tumor control in small animal models. The purpose of this work is to estimate the advantages of BTS for BNCT of human head and neck cancer.

Biodistributions of BTS and BPA were measured after bolus injection using a human hypopharyngeal cancer xenograft model in CB17 SCID mice. Pharmaco-kinetic (P-K) models were used to allow bolus response to be generalized to arbitrary infusion schedules. Allometric scaling was used to predict human biodistributions from these models. A treatment planning study of 11 head and neck cancer patients was performed to compare the BNCT dose distributions achievable using BTS and BPA.

The scaled P-K model boron concentration predictions for BPA were consistent with published measurements in human blood, tumor, and skin. Simulated infusions in a human patient gave mean tumor boron concentration during treatment of 57.2 ppm and 89.3 ppm for BPA and BTS, respectively. Tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-skin boron concentration ratios were 3.7:1 and 2.1:1 for BPA and 12.0:1 and 1.8:1 for BTS. GTV D95% increased from mean 29.5 Gy-Eq [26.4 Gy-Eq – 34.3 Gy-Eq] with BPA to 40.7 Gy-Eq [32.7 Gy-Eq – 58.3 Gy-Eq] with BTS for identical skin and mucosa dose constraints. BTS also demonstrated 10 %–40 % reduction in dose to parotid glands, spinal cord and non-specified normal tissue.

These results motivate further development and testing of BTS as a delivery compound for BNCT.

硼酪氨酸（BTS）是硼中子俘获治疗（BNCT）的候选硼递送化合物。在小动物模型中，与现行标准硼苯丙氨酸（BPA）相比，BTS具有更高的溶解度和更好的特异性、保留性和肿瘤控制。本研究的目的是评估BTS在人头颈癌BNCT治疗中的优势。采用人下咽癌异种移植模型CB17 SCID小鼠，在大剂量注射后测定BTS和BPA的生物分布。药物动力学（P-K）模型允许将丸反应推广到任意输注计划。从这些模型中使用异速缩放来预测人类生物分布。对11例头颈癌患者进行治疗计划研究，比较BTS和BPA可达到的BNCT剂量分布。按比例计算的P-K模型对BPA硼浓度的预测与已发表的人体血液、肿瘤和皮肤中的测量结果一致。在人类患者的模拟输注中，BPA和BTS治疗期间的平均肿瘤硼浓度分别为57.2 ppm和89.3 ppm。肿瘤与血液和肿瘤与皮肤的硼浓度比BPA分别为3.7:1和2.1:1，BTS为12.0:1和1.8:1。在相同的皮肤和粘膜剂量限制下，双酚a组的GTV D95%从平均29.5 Gy-Eq [26.4 Gy-Eq - 34.3 Gy-Eq]增加到BTS组的40.7 Gy-Eq [32.7 Gy-Eq - 58.3 Gy-Eq]。BTS还显示腮腺，脊髓和非特定正常组织的剂量减少10% - 40%。这些结果激发了BTS作为BNCT递送化合物的进一步开发和测试。

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引用次数: 0

Towards the optimal performance of Mazinger, a shallow γ-ray spectrometry system of high efficiency and very-low-level background, devoted to 210Pb and U–Th dating for paleoclimatic applications Mazinger是一种高效、极低背景的浅γ射线能谱测定系统，用于古气候的210Pb和U-Th测年

IF 1.8 3区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112419

R. Rivas-Gómez , D. Romero-Fuentes , B. Quintana-Arnés , R. Carballeira

Precise radionuclide measurements are crucial for absolute dating in paleoclimatic studies. Mazinger, a very-low-level background and high-efficiency

γ

-ray spectrometer, was upgraded with two anti-muon veto detectors and its acquisition electronics have been reconfigured, both to improve detection limits and handle higher event rates coming from the veto system. The upgrade led to a doubling of Mazinger’s figure of merit and significantly reduce the background level. These improvements enhance Mazinger’s performance for geochronological applications. Application to ²¹⁰Pb dating of a low-level activity sediment core from Sobrado Lagoon (Spain) produced an age model with uncertainties under 5%, matching correctly with the ¹³⁷Cs profile.

精确的放射性核素测量对于古气候研究中的绝对定年至关重要。Mazinger是一种非常低水平的高效γ射线谱仪，升级了两个反μ子否决权探测器，其采集电子设备也进行了重新配置，以提高检测极限并处理来自否决权系统的更高事件率。这次升级使马辛格的功绩数字翻了一番，并大大降低了背景水平。这些改进增强了Mazinger在地理年代应用程序中的性能。应用于西班牙Sobrado泻湖低活度沉积物岩心的210Pb定年，得到了一个不确定性小于5%的年龄模型，与137Cs剖面吻合较好。

引用次数: 0

Development and validation of reference materials for tritium radioactivity analysis comparison programs 氚放射性分析比较程序标准物质的研制与验证。

IF 1.8 3区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112418

Donghye Heo , Myoungjung Kim , Byoungchul Kim , Kyoungbeom Lee , Minjune Yang , MinSeok Park , Jae Seok Kim , Minsu Cho , Seokwon Yoon

To enhance regional preparedness for radiological emergencies and improve the reliability of internal dose assessments, this study developed and validated tritium-spiked urine samples and low-level tritium reference materials. These materials were produced as part of a collaborative program within the Asia Dose Assessment Expert Network, aiming to standardize analytical methods for internal tritium exposure across Korea, China, and Japan. Urine samples were prepared by adding certified tritium reference material to a processed urine matrix, followed by rigorous evaluation of homogeneity and stability. Results from repeated measurements confirmed uniform distribution (maximum deviation within ±10 %) and minimal volatility over a three-month period. Analytical reliability was verified via blind testing using both direct and distillation measurement methods, with the root mean square error (RMSE) values of 5.06 % and 10.5 %, respectively.

In parallel, low-level tritium reference materials targeting 5 Bq/kg were produced through a six-step gravimetric dilution using a certified tritium stock solution. Homogeneity and activity concentration were assessed using one-way ANOVA and considering a quench correction with a low-level liquid scintillation counter. The standard uncertainty of detection efficiency was estimated at 1.5 % (68 % confidence level), and comparison with the internal standard method showed an efficiency bias of only 0.2 %.

The validated reference materials and quality evaluation protocols presented in this study provide a robust foundation for harmonizing tritium bioassay techniques in East Asia. These outcomes are expected to support future efforts in standardizing internal exposure assessment methods and establishing a regional cooperative monitoring framework.

为了加强区域对放射性突发事件的准备并提高内部剂量评估的可靠性，本研究开发并验证了加氚尿液样本和低水平氚参考材料。这些材料是亚洲剂量评估专家网络合作项目的一部分，旨在使韩国、中国和日本的内部氚照射分析方法标准化。尿液样品的制备方法是在经过处理的尿液基质中加入经过认证的氚标准物质，然后对其均匀性和稳定性进行严格的评估。重复测量的结果证实均匀分布（最大偏差在±10%以内），三个月的波动最小。采用直接法和蒸馏法进行盲测，分析结果的可靠性得到验证，均方根误差（RMSE）分别为5.06%和10.5%。同时，使用经过认证的氚原液进行六步重量稀释，生成目标为5 Bq/kg的低水平氚参考物质。均匀性和活度浓度采用单因素方差分析评估，并考虑用低水平液体闪烁计数器进行淬火校正。检测效率的标准不确定度估计为1.5%（68%置信水平），与内标法比较，效率偏差仅为0.2%。本研究提出的标准物质和质量评价方案为协调东亚地区的氚生物测定技术提供了坚实的基础。预期这些成果将支持今后标准化内部暴露评估方法和建立区域合作监测框架的努力。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of high-density TeO2- and Sm2O3-modified ZnO-BaO-B2O3 glasses: Promising lead-free materials for nuclear radiation shielding application 高密度TeO2-和sm2o3改性ZnO-BaO-B2O3玻璃的实验研究：有前途的无铅核辐射屏蔽材料

IF 1.8 3区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112367

Manjunatha , H.K. Savanur , A.S. Bennal , M.I. Sayyed

The replacement of lead (Pb) in radiation shielding materials is a critical priority for advancing safe medical diagnostics and environmental protection. However, viable alternatives that match Pb's attenuation performance remain limited. In this study, we present a new class of lead-free, high-density glasses: (30-x-y) B₂O₃-9ZnO-31BaO-(30+x) TeO₂-ySm₂O₃, where x = 0, 2, 4, 6 mol% and y = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mol%. These glasses were synthesised via the melt-quenching method. The shielding capabilities of the synthesised glasses were systematically investigated through experimental and Phy-X/PSD theoretical analysis. The experimental arrangement employed a narrow-beam transmission geometry with a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and radioactive sources including ¹³³Ba, ²²Na, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁶⁰Co. Gamma-ray attenuation capabilities were evaluated using linear and mass attenuation coefficients (LAC and MAC), half- and tenth value layers (HVL and TVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Z_eff). The results showed that the combined inclusion of TeO₂ and Sm₂O₃ led to a measurable increase in density and gamma attenuation properties across all gamma energies, with strong agreement between experimental and theoretical results, showing a maximum deviation of 8.37 %. The Z_eff ranged from 22.2 at 356 keV to 18.014 at 1332 keV for TeSm-0.5, showing the expected energy-dependent variation due to dominant gamma interaction processes. The HVL and TVL increased with energy but decreased with increasing TeO₂ and Sm₂O₃ contents, with TeSm-1.5 showing the lowest HVL (1.575 cm at 511 keV) and TVL (6.311 cm at 662 keV). These results demonstrate that prepared lead-free glasses achieve substantial shielding efficiency, with potential applications in transparent protective barriers and healthcare infrastructure.

替代辐射屏蔽材料中的铅（Pb）是推进安全医疗诊断和环境保护的关键优先事项。然而，与Pb的衰减性能相匹配的可行替代方案仍然有限。在这项研究中，我们提出了一类新的无铅高密度玻璃：（30-x-y） B2O3-9ZnO-31BaO-(30+x) TeO2-ySm2O3，其中x = 0,2,4,6 mol%, y = 0,0.5, 1,1.5 mol%。这些玻璃是通过熔融淬火法合成的。通过实验和物理- x /PSD理论分析，系统地研究了合成玻璃的屏蔽性能。实验布置采用窄束传输几何结构，配有NaI（Tl）闪烁探测器和133Ba、22Na、137Cs和60Co等放射源。利用线性和质量衰减系数（LAC和MAC）、半值层和十值层（HVL和TVL）、平均自由程（MFP）和有效原子序数（Zeff）来评估伽马射线衰减能力。结果表明，TeO2和Sm2O3的复合包合导致了可测量的密度和伽玛衰减性能的增加，实验结果与理论结果非常吻合，最大偏差为8.37%。TeSm-0.5的Zeff范围从356 keV时的22.2到1332 keV时的18.014，显示了由于主要的伽马相互作用过程所导致的预期的能量依赖变化。HVL和TVL随能量的增加而增加，但随TeO2和Sm2O3含量的增加而降低，其中TeSm-1.5的HVL和TVL在511 keV时最低，分别为1.575 cm和6.311 cm。这些结果表明，制备的无铅玻璃具有可观的屏蔽效率，在透明防护屏障和医疗保健基础设施中具有潜在的应用前景。

{"title":"Experimental investigation of high-density TeO2- and Sm2O3-modified ZnO-BaO-B2O3 glasses: Promising lead-free materials for nuclear radiation shielding application","authors":"Manjunatha , H.K. Savanur , A.S. Bennal , M.I. Sayyed","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The replacement of lead (Pb) in radiation shielding materials is a critical priority for advancing safe medical diagnostics and environmental protection. However, viable alternatives that match Pb's attenuation performance remain limited. In this study, we present a new class of lead-free, high-density glasses: (30-x-y) B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-9ZnO-31BaO-(30+x) TeO<sub>2</sub>-ySm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, where x = 0, 2, 4, 6 mol% and y = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mol%. These glasses were synthesised via the melt-quenching method. The shielding capabilities of the synthesised glasses were systematically investigated through experimental and Phy-X/PSD theoretical analysis. The experimental arrangement employed a narrow-beam transmission geometry with a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and radioactive sources including <sup>133</sup>Ba, <sup>22</sup>Na, <sup>137</sup>Cs, and <sup>60</sup>Co. Gamma-ray attenuation capabilities were evaluated using linear and mass attenuation coefficients (LAC and MAC), half- and tenth value layers (HVL and TVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Z<sub>eff</sub>). The results showed that the combined inclusion of TeO<sub>2</sub> and Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> led to a measurable increase in density and gamma attenuation properties across all gamma energies, with strong agreement between experimental and theoretical results, showing a maximum deviation of 8.37 %. The Z<sub>eff</sub> ranged from 22.2 at 356 keV to 18.014 at 1332 keV for TeSm-0.5, showing the expected energy-dependent variation due to dominant gamma interaction processes. The HVL and TVL increased with energy but decreased with increasing TeO<sub>2</sub> and Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> contents, with TeSm-1.5 showing the lowest HVL (1.575 cm at 511 keV) and TVL (6.311 cm at 662 keV). These results demonstrate that prepared lead-free glasses achieve substantial shielding efficiency, with potential applications in transparent protective barriers and healthcare infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 112367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional promotion of uranium bioremediation in recombinant Shewanella azerbaijanica 重组阿塞拜疆希瓦氏菌铀生物修复功能的研究。

IF 1.8 3区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112415

Elham Rastkhah , Parvaneh Maghami , Razieh Ghasemi , Faezeh Fatemi

Bioremediation is a sustainable Biological strategy, to remove hazardous substances from the contaminated areas by living organisms. Shewanella azerbaijanica is introduced as a highly potent bacterium in metal bioremediation. The current study has applied a comparison of functional bioremediation processes in recombinant (RSh) and native (NSh) Shewanella azerbaijanica bacteria. The RSh maintained the cloned mtrC gene as a principal gene in the EET (Extracellular Electron Transfer) pathway. The uranium bioremediation procedure evaluated through cell counting and ICP analysis in RSh and NSh, Despite, fewer viable cells, RSh showed 21 % higher uranium removal efficiency than NSh, likely due to the metabolic load of plasmid maintenance and recombinant protein expression enhancing electron transfer for uranium reduction. The uranium reduction process was confirmed through XRD and UV–Vis spectroscopy in RSh. Thereupon, the recombinant bacteria have been proposed as an efficient genetically manipulated strain in future metals bioremediation studies.

生物修复是一种可持续的生物策略，通过生物清除污染区域的有害物质。阿塞拜疆希瓦氏菌是金属生物修复中的一种高效细菌。目前的研究比较了重组（RSh）和天然（NSh）阿塞拜疆希瓦氏菌的功能生物修复过程。RSh维持克隆的mtrC基因作为EET（胞外电子转移）途径的主要基因。通过RSh和NSh的细胞计数和ICP分析评估了铀生物修复过程，尽管存活细胞较少，RSh的铀去除效率比NSh高21%，这可能是由于质粒维持和重组蛋白表达的代谢负荷增强了铀还原的电子转移。通过XRD和UV-Vis光谱对RSh中铀的还原过程进行了验证。因此，重组菌被认为是未来金属生物修复研究中一种有效的基因操纵菌株。

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引用次数: 0

Gamma-ray spectrometry measurements for quality assessment of scandium-47 produced by neutron irradiation of calcium-46 由钙-46中子辐照产生的钪-47质量评价的伽马射线光谱测量。

IF 1.8 3区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112408

Zbigniew Tymiński, Paweł Saganowski, Małgorzata Żółtowska, Izabela Cieszykowska, Ewa Kołakowska, Justyna Marganiec-Gałązka, Natalia Lisowska, Aleksander Kamiński, Marek Czudek, Daniel Cacko, Ryszard Broda

Scandium-47 can be produced indirectly via the ⁴⁶Ca(n,γ)⁴⁷Ca→⁴⁷Sc nuclear reaction by neutron irradiation of calcium targets, either natural or, preferably, enriched in calcium-46. Two target materials differing in the enrichment in calcium-46 and the elemental and isotopic composition were irradiated in the MARIA research reactor. Radioactive concentration of scandium-47 and the radionuclidic purity of the solution obtained after irradiated target dissolution were assessed by gamma-spectrometry using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector in the Laboratory of Radioactivity Standards in the Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, NCBJ. The radioactive concentration of scandium-47 was in the range of 0.20–1.48 GBq/mL, and the content of calcium-47 was determined at the level ranging from 0.006 % to 0.055 % of scandium-47 in the final products. The profile of radionuclide impurities and their minimum detectable activities are discussed.

通过中子辐照钙靶（天然或富钙靶），通过46Ca(n,γ)47Ca→47Sc核反应间接制备钪-47。在MARIA研究堆中辐照了两种钙-46富集程度不同、元素和同位素组成不同的靶材料。在NCBJ放射性同位素中心POLATOM的放射性标准实验室，使用高纯度锗（HPGe）探测器，通过伽玛光谱法评估了辐照目标溶解后溶液的放射性浓度和放射性核素纯度。钪-47的放射性浓度在0.20 ~ 1.48 GBq/mL之间，钙-47的含量在最终产品中钪-47的0.006% ~ 0.055%范围内测定。讨论了放射性核素杂质的分布及其最小可探测活性。

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引用次数: 0

Precision radiation measurement: LiZnBO3:Ce phosphor thermoluminescent properties 精密辐射测量：LiZnBO3:Ce荧光粉热释光性能。

IF 1.8 3区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112417

Shah Azharul Islam , Md Kamruzzaman , Fahim Sabab Siddique , Shahadat Hossain , Md Al-Mamun , A.K.M. Mizanur Rahman

This study evaluates the thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry potential of Ce-doped lithium zinc borate (LZB) synthesized via the solid-state reaction method. The crystalline phase integrity and functional groups were verified using XRD and FTIR, while SEM-EDS confirmed the homogenous distribution of Ce-activators. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) was used for magnetic characterisation, which demonstrated the emergence of superparamagnetic behaviour after doping. Samples were subjected to 6 MeV electron and 6 MV X-ray irradiation (0.5–8 Gy) to evaluate dose-response linearity using clinical LINAC. Results indicate that LZB:Ce (1 %) significantly enhances dose-response linearity and sensitivity compared to the undoped host. Kinetic analysis was performed using Chen's peak-shape method, where a calculated geometric factor (0.50) confirmed general-order kinetics and significant charge carrier re-trapping. The extracted activation energies E_a ranged at ∼0.72/0.92 eV for shallow trap and ∼4.99/5.22 eV for deep trap due to defect centre, calculated by Computerized Glow Curve Deconvolution (CGCD). Despite a relative reduction in peak intensity, the material exhibited superior thermal stability and improved fading over 50 days, positioning Ce-doped LZB as a robust and technically viable candidate for dosimetry application and need long term study for more feasibility as an alternative.

研究了固相法合成的掺铈硼酸锌锂（LZB）的热释光剂量学电位。通过XRD和FTIR验证了晶相完整性和官能团，SEM-EDS证实了ce激活剂的均匀分布。用振动样品磁强计（VSM）进行了磁性表征，发现掺杂后出现了超顺磁性行为。样品分别接受6 MeV电子和6 MV x射线（0.5-8 Gy）辐照，用临床线性ac评价剂量-响应线性关系。结果表明，与未添加寄主相比，LZB:Ce（1%）显著提高了剂量响应线性和灵敏度。动力学分析使用Chen的峰形方法进行，其中计算的几何因子（0.50）证实了一般顺序动力学和显著的载流子重新捕获。通过计算机化辉光曲线反褶积（CGCD）计算得出，由于缺陷中心的存在，提取的浅层陷阱活化能Ea为~ 0.72/0.92 eV，深层陷阱活化能Ea为~ 4.99/5.22 eV。尽管峰值强度相对降低，但该材料在50天内表现出优异的热稳定性和改善的褪色，将ce掺杂LZB定位为剂量学应用的稳健且技术上可行的候选材料，需要长期研究以确定其作为替代方案的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying aqueous plutonium using hybrid extractive scintillating resins 用混合萃取闪烁树脂定量水相钚

IF 1.8 3区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112414

T.A. DeVol , V.N. Bliznyuk , B.A. Powell , S.M. Husson

Hybrid extractive scintillating resins (HESR) were developed for uptake and detection of aqueous plutonium (Pu) in groundwater and surface water. These resins consist of titanium dioxide (TiO₂), which is responsible for Pu uptake, embedded within a scintillating polymer. The scintillating resin emits light when excited by alpha radiation from plutonium, which can be detected with a liquid scintillation counter without a scintillation cocktail. The physical characteristics of HESR were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Batch uptake measurements for aqueous plutonium-238 (+5 oxidation state) were performed using resin beads with diameters of 106–212 μm. For the HESR resin containing 57 wt% TiO₂, HESR (57), with a contact time of 1440 min, the Pu uptake was 88.9 ± 4.9 Bq/g with a conditional K_D of 860 mL/g. The corresponding plutonium detection efficiency was 96 %. HESR (57) displayed a linear Pu detection response, and a minimum detectable concentration of 0.38 Bq/L Pu(V) was calculated for a batch uptake experiment.

研究了混合萃取闪烁树脂（HESR）对地下水和地表水中钚（Pu）的吸收和检测。这些树脂由二氧化钛（TiO2）组成，它负责吸收Pu，嵌入在闪烁聚合物中。当被来自钚的α辐射激发时，闪烁树脂会发光，这可以用液体闪烁计数器来检测，而不需要闪烁鸡尾酒。利用热重分析、扫描电子显微镜和能量色散x射线光谱学评估HESR的物理特性。采用直径为106 ~ 212 μm的树脂珠对+5氧化态的钚-238进行了批量吸附测定。对于含有57 wt% TiO2的HESR树脂，HESR(57)，接触时间为1440 min， Pu吸收率为88.9±4.9 Bq/g，条件KD为860 mL/g。相应的钚探测效率为96%。HESR（57）表现出线性的Pu检测响应，计算出批量摄取实验的最低检测浓度为0.38 Bq/L Pu(V)。

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引用次数: 0

Anomaly detection in gamma-ray spectra using autoencoders with small form factor CZT detectors 基于小尺寸CZT探测器的自编码器的伽玛射线光谱异常检测

IF 1.8 3区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112409

Konstantinos Karafasoulis , Aristotelis Kyriakis

The detection of weak radioactive sources in fluctuating background environments is a critical task for nuclear security, environmental monitoring, and emergency response. Compact gamma-ray detectors, such as small-volume CdZnTe (CZT) crystals, are well suited for portable and drone-mounted applications, but their limited active volume yields low-count spectra over short acquisition times. While most radiation detection systems can acquire spectra over short integration times, the key challenge is whether such brief acquisitions from compact detectors provide sufficient statistical information for reliable anomaly detection. In this work, we present an anomaly detection approach based on a convolutional autoencoder trained exclusively on background gamma spectra. The detector used is a 0.5cm

^{3}

CZT device that records 1024-channel spectra in operational low-count regime from short acquisitions. To provide probabilistic decision-making, Bayesian inference is applied to map reconstruction errors to anomaly probabilities. The method is evaluated on real spectra containing background alone and source-plus-background combinations for

^{137} C s

,

^{241} A m

, and

^{152} E u

at varying source–detector distances. Results show that the autoencoder detects anomalies at source–detector distances where total counts overlap strongly with background and conventional Currie-type thresholds fail. Compared to the total counts method, the autoencoder achieves higher sensitivity, detecting weak

^{137} C s

anomalies at distances up to 50 cm. These findings demonstrate that deep-learning methods can enhance the performance of compact detectors, enabling practical, mobile radiation monitoring systems with improved sensitivity in real-world operational scenarios.

波动本底环境中弱放射源的探测是核安全、环境监测和应急响应的一项重要任务。紧凑的伽马射线探测器，如小体积的CdZnTe （CZT）晶体，非常适合便携式和无人机安装的应用，但它们有限的有效体积在短的采集时间内产生低计数光谱。虽然大多数辐射探测系统可以在短积分时间内获得光谱，但关键的挑战是，从紧凑的探测器获得的这种短暂的获取是否能为可靠的异常检测提供足够的统计信息。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种基于专门训练背景伽马谱的卷积自编码器的异常检测方法。所使用的探测器是一个0.5cm3的CZT设备，记录1024通道光谱在操作低计数体制从短采集。为了提供概率决策，应用贝叶斯推理将重建误差映射到异常概率。在不同的源-探测器距离下，对137Cs、241Am和152Eu的真实光谱进行了单独背景和源-加背景组合的评估。结果表明，当总计数与背景高度重叠时，自动编码器可以检测到异常，而传统的currie型阈值则失效。与总计数法相比，自动编码器具有更高的灵敏度，可以在50 cm的距离内检测到微弱的137Cs异常。这些发现表明，深度学习方法可以增强紧凑型探测器的性能，使实际的移动辐射监测系统在实际操作场景中具有更高的灵敏度。

{"title":"Anomaly detection in gamma-ray spectra using autoencoders with small form factor CZT detectors","authors":"Konstantinos Karafasoulis , Aristotelis Kyriakis","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.112409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of weak radioactive sources in fluctuating background environments is a critical task for nuclear security, environmental monitoring, and emergency response. Compact gamma-ray detectors, such as small-volume CdZnTe (CZT) crystals, are well suited for portable and drone-mounted applications, but their limited active volume yields low-count spectra over short acquisition times. While most radiation detection systems can acquire spectra over short integration times, the key challenge is whether such brief acquisitions from compact detectors provide sufficient statistical information for reliable anomaly detection. In this work, we present an anomaly detection approach based on a convolutional autoencoder trained exclusively on background gamma spectra. The detector used is a 0.5cm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> CZT device that records 1024-channel spectra in operational low-count regime from short acquisitions. To provide probabilistic decision-making, Bayesian inference is applied to map reconstruction errors to anomaly probabilities. The method is evaluated on real spectra containing background alone and source-plus-background combinations for <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>137</mn></mrow></msup><mi>C</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>241</mn></mrow></msup><mi>A</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>152</mn></mrow></msup><mi>E</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span> at varying source–detector distances. Results show that the autoencoder detects anomalies at source–detector distances where total counts overlap strongly with background and conventional Currie-type thresholds fail. Compared to the total counts method, the autoencoder achieves higher sensitivity, detecting weak <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>137</mn></mrow></msup><mi>C</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span> anomalies at distances up to 50 cm. These findings demonstrate that deep-learning methods can enhance the performance of compact detectors, enabling practical, mobile radiation monitoring systems with improved sensitivity in real-world operational scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 112409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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