Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111574
Youness Khobbaizi , Ahmed Fathi , Sanaa Nabil , Anas Ardouz , Khalid Sbiaai
{"title":"Characterizing field sizes of the linear accelerator: Monte Carlo simulation in 6 MV SRS mode with GEANT4/GATE","authors":"Youness Khobbaizi , Ahmed Fathi , Sanaa Nabil , Anas Ardouz , Khalid Sbiaai","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111574","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 111574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111578
P.E. Warwick , I.W. Croudace , M. Jang , F.M. Rowlands
Gross alpha & beta measurement is a widely used technique for rapid screening of radionuclide content. The study evaluated the influence of geometry, alpha & beta energy and presence of natural decay chain nuclides on the observed gross alpha & beta response. Measured calibration data were validated using Monte Carlo-based modelling. Total and calculated gross activities were compared for a range of nuclear waste fingerprints, with significant deviation observed for many of the fingerprints evaluated. For operationally-exposed materials, systematic beta biases were observed dependent on the dominant nuclide present.
{"title":"Challenges in the use of gross alpha and beta screening in nuclear waste characterisation and land remediation","authors":"P.E. Warwick , I.W. Croudace , M. Jang , F.M. Rowlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gross alpha & beta measurement is a widely used technique for rapid screening of radionuclide content. The study evaluated the influence of geometry, alpha & beta energy and presence of natural decay chain nuclides on the observed gross alpha & beta response. Measured calibration data were validated using Monte Carlo-based modelling. Total and calculated gross activities were compared for a range of nuclear waste fingerprints, with significant deviation observed for many of the fingerprints evaluated. For operationally-exposed materials, systematic beta biases were observed dependent on the dominant nuclide present.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 111578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111560
Anthony M. Miller , John T. Wilkinson , Gunnar M. Brown , Jerome Gan , Khachatur Manukyan , Yukun Jin , Graham F. Peaslee
<div><div>Two different heavy ion reactions were used to produce <sup>43</sup>Sc (t<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></mrow></msub></math></span> = 3.891 h), <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>44</mn><mi>g</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>Sc (t<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></mrow></msub></math></span> = 4.042 h), and <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>44</mn><mi>m</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>Sc (t<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></mrow></msub></math></span> = 58.61 h) among other stable or long-lived chemically separable products. Production cross sections for <sup>19</sup>F + <sup>27</sup>Al and the reverse kinematic reaction <sup>35</sup>Cl + <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>B were measured using an MC-SNICS ion source and the Notre Dame FN Tandem Accelerator. <sup>19</sup>F beams from 35 to 60 MeV were produced with beam currents between 40–80 pnA and <sup>35</sup>Cl beams were produced at six entrance energies with comparable beam currents. This work reports nuclear reaction cross sections <sup>27</sup>Al (<sup>19</sup>F, x) <sup>43</sup>Sc, <sup>27</sup>Al (<sup>19</sup>F, pn) <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>44</mn><mi>g</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>Sc, and <sup>27</sup>Al (<sup>19</sup>F, pn) <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>44</mn><mi>m</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>Sc at six energies between 35 and 60 MeV lab energy. Cross sections within the same energy range were measured for <sup>27</sup>Al (<sup>19</sup>F, 3pn) <sup>42</sup>K and <sup>27</sup>Al (<sup>19</sup>F, 3p) <sup>43</sup>K. Comparative measurements were performed for the same compound nucleus produced from <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>B(<sup>35</sup>Cl, x) <sup>43</sup>Sc, <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>B(<sup>35</sup>Cl, pn) <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>44</mn><mi>g</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>Sc, and <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>B(<sup>35</sup>Cl, pn) <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>44</mn><mi>m</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>Sc. The measured thin target cross sections show an overestimation by several statistical models for the scandium radioisotopes. This is corroborated by the measured thick target production rates for both entrance channels. This may be due to angular momentum effects of a heavy ion entrance channel compared to light-ion production, but additional work is required to understand this discrepancy. These measurements demonstrate that the medically useful <sup>43</sup>Sc, <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>44</mn><mi>g</mi></mrow></msup></math>
{"title":"Cross-sections for 43Sc, 44mSc, and 44gSc from two heavy ion reactions","authors":"Anthony M. Miller , John T. Wilkinson , Gunnar M. Brown , Jerome Gan , Khachatur Manukyan , Yukun Jin , Graham F. Peaslee","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two different heavy ion reactions were used to produce <sup>43</sup>Sc (t<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></mrow></msub></math></span> = 3.891 h), <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>44</mn><mi>g</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>Sc (t<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></mrow></msub></math></span> = 4.042 h), and <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>44</mn><mi>m</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>Sc (t<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></mrow></msub></math></span> = 58.61 h) among other stable or long-lived chemically separable products. Production cross sections for <sup>19</sup>F + <sup>27</sup>Al and the reverse kinematic reaction <sup>35</sup>Cl + <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>B were measured using an MC-SNICS ion source and the Notre Dame FN Tandem Accelerator. <sup>19</sup>F beams from 35 to 60 MeV were produced with beam currents between 40–80 pnA and <sup>35</sup>Cl beams were produced at six entrance energies with comparable beam currents. This work reports nuclear reaction cross sections <sup>27</sup>Al (<sup>19</sup>F, x) <sup>43</sup>Sc, <sup>27</sup>Al (<sup>19</sup>F, pn) <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>44</mn><mi>g</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>Sc, and <sup>27</sup>Al (<sup>19</sup>F, pn) <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>44</mn><mi>m</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>Sc at six energies between 35 and 60 MeV lab energy. Cross sections within the same energy range were measured for <sup>27</sup>Al (<sup>19</sup>F, 3pn) <sup>42</sup>K and <sup>27</sup>Al (<sup>19</sup>F, 3p) <sup>43</sup>K. Comparative measurements were performed for the same compound nucleus produced from <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>B(<sup>35</sup>Cl, x) <sup>43</sup>Sc, <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>B(<sup>35</sup>Cl, pn) <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>44</mn><mi>g</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>Sc, and <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>B(<sup>35</sup>Cl, pn) <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>44</mn><mi>m</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>Sc. The measured thin target cross sections show an overestimation by several statistical models for the scandium radioisotopes. This is corroborated by the measured thick target production rates for both entrance channels. This may be due to angular momentum effects of a heavy ion entrance channel compared to light-ion production, but additional work is required to understand this discrepancy. These measurements demonstrate that the medically useful <sup>43</sup>Sc, <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>44</mn><mi>g</mi></mrow></msup></math>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 111560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111562
Davide Serafini , Nicola Zancopè , Anna Maria Pavone , Viviana Benfante , Alberto Arzenton , Vincenzo Russo , Michele Ballan , Luca Morselli , Francesco Paolo Cammarata , Albert Comelli , Giorgio Russo , Fabrizio Scopelliti , Valerio Di Marco , Francesca Mastrotto , Mattia Asti , Devid Maniglio , Carla Sbarra , Silva Bortolussi , Antonietta Donzella , Aldo Zenoni , Alberto Andrighetto
Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) is a medical technique exploiting radionuclides to combat cancer growth and spread. TRT requires a supply of radionuclides that are currently produced by either cyclotrons or nuclear research reactors. In this context, the ISOLPHARM project investigates the production of innovative radionuclides for medical applications. This production will be based on the forthcoming SPES facility at the Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) of the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), an ISOL facility where high-purity radioactive beams will be used to produce carrier-free radiopharmaceuticals. Previous studies demonstrated that a significant amount of 111Ag, an innovative / emitter suitable for TRT with theranostic applications, can be obtained at the SPES facility. The present work describes the first imaging study on phantoms with 111Ag performed by the ISOLPHARM collaboration. This is a fundamental step to pave the way for the upcoming in vivo studies on the 111Ag-based radiopharmaceutical currently being developed. The imaging potential of this radionuclide was investigated by acquiring phantom images with Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI) and digital autoradiography (ARG).
{"title":"111Ag phantom images with Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging and digital autoradiography within the ISOLPHARM project","authors":"Davide Serafini , Nicola Zancopè , Anna Maria Pavone , Viviana Benfante , Alberto Arzenton , Vincenzo Russo , Michele Ballan , Luca Morselli , Francesco Paolo Cammarata , Albert Comelli , Giorgio Russo , Fabrizio Scopelliti , Valerio Di Marco , Francesca Mastrotto , Mattia Asti , Devid Maniglio , Carla Sbarra , Silva Bortolussi , Antonietta Donzella , Aldo Zenoni , Alberto Andrighetto","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) is a medical technique exploiting radionuclides to combat cancer growth and spread. TRT requires a supply of radionuclides that are currently produced by either cyclotrons or nuclear research reactors. In this context, the ISOLPHARM project investigates the production of innovative radionuclides for medical applications. This production will be based on the forthcoming SPES facility at the Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) of the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), an ISOL facility where high-purity radioactive beams will be used to produce carrier-free radiopharmaceuticals. Previous studies demonstrated that a significant amount of <sup>111</sup>Ag, an innovative <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>/<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> emitter suitable for TRT with theranostic applications, can be obtained at the SPES facility. The present work describes the first imaging study on phantoms with <sup>111</sup>Ag performed by the ISOLPHARM collaboration. This is a fundamental step to pave the way for the upcoming <em>in vivo</em> studies on the <sup>111</sup>Ag-based radiopharmaceutical currently being developed. The imaging potential of this radionuclide was investigated by acquiring phantom images with Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI) and digital autoradiography (ARG).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 111562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111566
Najeeb N. M. Maglas , Saleh A.S. Turki , Zhao Qiang , Mohsen M.M. Ali , Ahmed AL. Osta , M. Salah Alwarqi , Merouane Najar
This study was conducted in Lahij city, Yemen, to evaluate the concentrations and potential health risks of natural radioactive nuclides and heavy metals in soil and drinking water. A total of 21 soil samples and 17 water samples were collected from various locations. A high-purity germanium gamma detector HPGe was used to measure the concentrations of 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra in all samples, along with the concentrations of heavy metals. In soil samples, the average concentrations of 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra were 731.5, 30.7, and 28.16 Bq kg−1, respectively. While some samples showed higher than permissible levels for 226Ra and 232Th, the overall average remained within acceptable limits. However, 40K levels were almost twice the recommended global limits. In water samples, the average concentrations of these nuclides were 5.38, 0.73, and 0.66 Bq L−1, all within the global safety limits. Radiological risk assessments for soil indicated an average radium equivalent activity (Raeq) of 124.4 Bq kg−1, absorbed dose rate in air of 59.9 nGy h−1, annual effective dose rate of 0.07 mSv y−1, outdoor excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) of 0.26 × 10−3, and annual gonad equivalent dose (AGED) of 336.6 mSv y−1. Risk indices, including the activity concentration index (Iγ), external hazard index (Hex), and internal hazard index (Hin), averaged 0.48, 0.34, and 0.41, respectively, all below global limits except for AGED, which slightly exceeded the recommended level. For drinking water, the total ingestion dose was calculated for different age groups. The average doses for infants, children, and adults were 0.15, 0.27, and 0.19 mSv y−1, respectively. The doses for children and adults exceeded the permissible limits, while those for infants were within safe levels. Heavy metal concentrations were measured in all samples, and the Hazard Quotient (HQ) was calculated. In soil samples, HQ values for all metals >1, indicating potential health risks. In water samples, HQ values were also >1 for all metals except vanadium (V) and iron (Fe). To reduce the dangers associated with radioactive nuclides and heavy metals, regular monitoring and cleanup are crucial, and further research is needed to understand contamination sources and long-term health impacts.
{"title":"Assessment of radioactive nuclides and heavy metals in soil and drink water in Lahij city, Yemen","authors":"Najeeb N. M. Maglas , Saleh A.S. Turki , Zhao Qiang , Mohsen M.M. Ali , Ahmed AL. Osta , M. Salah Alwarqi , Merouane Najar","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was conducted in Lahij city, Yemen, to evaluate the concentrations and potential health risks of natural radioactive nuclides and heavy metals in soil and drinking water. A total of 21 soil samples and 17 water samples were collected from various locations. A high-purity germanium gamma detector HPGe was used to measure the concentrations of <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>226</sup>Ra in all samples, along with the concentrations of heavy metals. In soil samples, the average concentrations of <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>226</sup>Ra were 731.5, 30.7, and 28.16 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. While some samples showed higher than permissible levels for <sup>226</sup>Ra and <sup>232</sup>Th, the overall average remained within acceptable limits. However, <sup>40</sup>K levels were almost twice the recommended global limits. In water samples, the average concentrations of these nuclides were 5.38, 0.73, and 0.66 Bq L<sup>−1</sup>, all within the global safety limits. Radiological risk assessments for soil indicated an average radium equivalent activity (Ra<sub>eq</sub>) of 124.4 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup>, absorbed dose rate in air of 59.9 nGy h<sup>−1</sup>, annual effective dose rate of 0.07 mSv y<sup>−1</sup>, outdoor excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) of 0.26 × 10<sup>−3</sup>, and annual gonad equivalent dose (AGED) of 336.6 mSv y<sup>−1</sup>. Risk indices, including the activity concentration index (I<sub>γ</sub>), external hazard index (H<sub>ex</sub>), and internal hazard index (H<sub>in</sub>), averaged 0.48, 0.34, and 0.41, respectively, all below global limits except for AGED, which slightly exceeded the recommended level. For drinking water, the total ingestion dose was calculated for different age groups. The average doses for infants, children, and adults were 0.15, 0.27, and 0.19 mSv y<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The doses for children and adults exceeded the permissible limits, while those for infants were within safe levels. Heavy metal concentrations were measured in all samples, and the Hazard Quotient (HQ) was calculated. In soil samples, HQ values for all metals >1, indicating potential health risks. In water samples, HQ values were also >1 for all metals except vanadium (V) and iron (Fe). To reduce the dangers associated with radioactive nuclides and heavy metals, regular monitoring and cleanup are crucial, and further research is needed to understand contamination sources and long-term health impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 111566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111577
Mohamed A. Attia, Moustafa A. Hamoud, Mohamed A. Ghamry, Mamdoh R. Mahmoud
Foam separation of radio-molybdenum oxyanions (99MoO42−) incorporated into in-situ formed Co(II)/Al(III) layered double hydroxide (LDH) particles was applied for recovery of these anionic species from aqueous solutions. The results showed that Co(II)/Al(III) molar ratios of 2 and 2.5 resulted into not only high recovery values for 99MoO42− (R > 0.97), but also high decontamination factor (DF = 33 and 36, respectively). Almost complete recovery was achieved for 99MoO42− coprecipitated with Co(II)/Al(III) LDH in the pH range 9.9–10.5. Ageing time of 5 min was sufficient to completely coprecipitate the concerned anionic species. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentrations in the range 1.5 × 10−3 - 3 × 10−3 mol/L had the ability to efficiently form hydrophobic 99MoO42--Co(II)/Al(III)-LDH particles, where recovery values of about 0.96 were achieved with high DF values. The influence of the coexistence of different foreign anions (Cl−, NO3−, HCO3−, CO32− and SO42−) during coprecipitation process of 99MoO42− and foam separation of the resultant particles was investigated. The suggested strategy in the present study was effectively applied for recovery of 99MoO42− anions from ground water (R ≈ 0.98 and enrichment ratio (ER ≈ 7172) and radioactive process wastewater (R ≈ 0.96 and ER = 3887). Based on characterization of Co(II)/Al(III) LDH using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) before and after foam separation process using SDS and the obtained data, the recovery mechanism of 99MoO42− was proposed.
{"title":"Foam separation of radio-molybdenum oxyanions (99MoO42−) incorporated into Co(II)/Al(III) layered double hydroxide using anionic surfactant","authors":"Mohamed A. Attia, Moustafa A. Hamoud, Mohamed A. Ghamry, Mamdoh R. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foam separation of radio-molybdenum oxyanions (<sup>99</sup>MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>) incorporated into in-situ formed Co(II)/Al(III) layered double hydroxide (LDH) particles was applied for recovery of these anionic species from aqueous solutions. The results showed that Co(II)/Al(III) molar ratios of 2 and 2.5 resulted into not only high recovery values for <sup>99</sup>MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> (R > 0.97), but also high decontamination factor (DF = 33 and 36, respectively). Almost complete recovery was achieved for <sup>99</sup>MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> coprecipitated with Co(II)/Al(III) LDH in the pH range 9.9–10.5. Ageing time of 5 min was sufficient to completely coprecipitate the concerned anionic species. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentrations in the range 1.5 × 10<sup>−3</sup> - 3 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mol/L had the ability to efficiently form hydrophobic <sup>99</sup>MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>-Co(II)/Al(III)-LDH particles, where recovery values of about 0.96 were achieved with high DF values. The influence of the coexistence of different foreign anions (Cl<sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>) during coprecipitation process of <sup>99</sup>MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> and foam separation of the resultant particles was investigated. The suggested strategy in the present study was effectively applied for recovery of <sup>99</sup>MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> anions from ground water (R ≈ 0.98 and enrichment ratio (ER ≈ 7172) and radioactive process wastewater (R ≈ 0.96 and ER = 3887). Based on characterization of Co(II)/Al(III) LDH using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) before and after foam separation process using SDS and the obtained data, the recovery mechanism of <sup>99</sup>MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> was proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 111577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111564
Juan Mittani, Rene Rocca
This study investigates the OSL properties of four natural fluorite color varieties (green, purple, blue-yellow banded and yellow) under green light stimulation. Thermoluminescence reveals two peaks, with the green sample showing the strongest glow. OSL exhibits a fast initial decay followed by a slower one, with phototransfer observed in purple and yellow. OSL intensity is linear with dose (1–30 Gy) for most samples, except yellow. Curve fitting using a first order kinetics model suggests multiple OSL components (between 3 and 5). Preheat treatment at 100 °C increases the very fast components (thermal transfer). Anomalous fading shows rapid initial decay followed by a slower one.
{"title":"Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) characteristics of four fluorite samples under green light stimulation","authors":"Juan Mittani, Rene Rocca","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the OSL properties of four natural fluorite color varieties (green, purple, blue-yellow banded and yellow) under green light stimulation. Thermoluminescence reveals two peaks, with the green sample showing the strongest glow. OSL exhibits a fast initial decay followed by a slower one, with phototransfer observed in purple and yellow. OSL intensity is linear with dose (1–30 Gy) for most samples, except yellow. Curve fitting using a first order kinetics model suggests multiple OSL components (between 3 and 5). Preheat treatment at 100 °C increases the very fast components (thermal transfer). Anomalous fading shows rapid initial decay followed by a slower one.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 111564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111565
Ester Maria Rodrigues de Andrade , Lucas Paixão , Bruno Melo Mendes , Telma Cristina Ferreira Fonseca
Whole-body counter (WBC) systems are used for in vivo monitoring in occupational internal dosimetry, typically calibrated using physical anthropomorphic phantoms. Our research group previously 3D-printed the Reference Female Phantom for Internal Dosimetry (RFPID) without internal organs specifically designed for WBC calibration. The RFPID and it is intended to fill it homogenously with ballistic gel, which is commonly used as a tissue equivalent in ballistic studies. However, comprehensive characterization of its physicochemical properties and radiological behavior as a tissue surrogate for dosimetry is limited. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of ballistic gel as a tissue substitute for physical phantoms in WBC system calibration and to analyze the RFPID as a model for WBC calibration. Ballistic gel tests determined its density and attenuation coefficients, comparing it to muscle, water, and PMMA. The RFPID was modeled and simulated using MCNP6.2 code and placed in an in vivo monitoring system using an 8”x4″ NaI(Tl) scintillator detector previously validated. The simulations were repeated with the RCP_AF of ICRP-110. Results indicate that ballistic gel has a density approximately 6% different from muscle and shows similar linear attenuation coefficients to muscle at intermediate and high energy levels (186–2200 keV). Simulations revealed a disparity of less than 9% in counting efficiency between RFPID and RCP_AF for energies from 100 to 3000 keV, confirming the phantom's suitability for WBC calibration and ballistic gel's viability as a tissue surrogate in internal dosimetry.
{"title":"Monte Carlo modeling and simulation of a new 3D printed phantom for WBC calibration with ballistic gel as a tissue substitute","authors":"Ester Maria Rodrigues de Andrade , Lucas Paixão , Bruno Melo Mendes , Telma Cristina Ferreira Fonseca","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whole-body counter (WBC) systems are used for <em>in vivo</em> monitoring in occupational internal dosimetry, typically calibrated using physical anthropomorphic phantoms. Our research group previously 3D-printed the Reference Female Phantom for Internal Dosimetry (RFPID) without internal organs specifically designed for WBC calibration. The RFPID and it is intended to fill it homogenously with ballistic gel, which is commonly used as a tissue equivalent in ballistic studies. However, comprehensive characterization of its physicochemical properties and radiological behavior as a tissue surrogate for dosimetry is limited. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of ballistic gel as a tissue substitute for physical phantoms in WBC system calibration and to analyze the RFPID as a model for WBC calibration. Ballistic gel tests determined its density and attenuation coefficients, comparing it to muscle, water, and PMMA. The RFPID was modeled and simulated using MCNP6.2 code and placed in an <em>in vivo</em> monitoring system using an 8”x4″ NaI(Tl) scintillator detector previously validated. The simulations were repeated with the RCP_AF of ICRP-110. Results indicate that ballistic gel has a density approximately 6% different from muscle and shows similar linear attenuation coefficients to muscle at intermediate and high energy levels (186–2200 keV). Simulations revealed a disparity of less than 9% in counting efficiency between RFPID and RCP_AF for energies from 100 to 3000 keV, confirming the phantom's suitability for WBC calibration and ballistic gel's viability as a tissue surrogate in internal dosimetry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 111565"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111563
Danúbia Aparecida Costa Nobre , Francisco Charles dos Santos Silva , João Filipe Rodrigues Guimarães , Cleberson Ribeiro , Valter Arthur , Carlos Sigueyuki Sediyama
The increase of genetic variability by the appearance of new genes of agronomic interest may be favored by the use of gamma radiation. The objective of this study was to evaluate different doses of gamma irradiation on dry seeds of VX04-5692 soybean line, aiming to increase the genetic variability and, with this, the identification of possible mutant plants. The doses of 0, 50, 150 and 250 Gy of gamma radiation were applied from a60Co source. The newly irradiated seeds were sown in the field, giving rise to the M1 cycle. Selected plants originated the M2 cycle. The number of seedlings was counted on the 21st day after sowing. Ten plants of each row were identified and evaluated for the various agronomic characteristics and for chemical composition. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. The F test was applied and the results were presented by boxplots and biplot (canonical variables). There was effect of gamma radiation doses at plant height at full bloom and maturity, number of nodes, pods with one seed and seeds per pod. The use of gamma radiation increases the variability in soybean, with consequent increase in the probabilities of identification of new mutants and gains in the chemical composition, useful for breeding programs that aim at better agronomic performance and gains in oil and protein contents. More satisfactory results in the generation of variability are obtained by the application of gamma radiation on soybean dry seeds between 50 and 150 Gy.
{"title":"Genetic variability increase by gamma irradiation of soybean seeds","authors":"Danúbia Aparecida Costa Nobre , Francisco Charles dos Santos Silva , João Filipe Rodrigues Guimarães , Cleberson Ribeiro , Valter Arthur , Carlos Sigueyuki Sediyama","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increase of genetic variability by the appearance of new genes of agronomic interest may be favored by the use of gamma radiation. The objective of this study was to evaluate different doses of gamma irradiation on dry seeds of VX04-5692 soybean line, aiming to increase the genetic variability and, with this, the identification of possible mutant plants. The doses of 0, 50, 150 and 250 Gy of gamma radiation were applied from a<sup>60</sup>Co source. The newly irradiated seeds were sown in the field, giving rise to the M1 cycle. Selected plants originated the M2 cycle. The number of seedlings was counted on the 21st day after sowing. Ten plants of each row were identified and evaluated for the various agronomic characteristics and for chemical composition. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. The F test was applied and the results were presented by boxplots and biplot (canonical variables). There was effect of gamma radiation doses at plant height at full bloom and maturity, number of nodes, pods with one seed and seeds per pod. The use of gamma radiation increases the variability in soybean, with consequent increase in the probabilities of identification of new mutants and gains in the chemical composition, useful for breeding programs that aim at better agronomic performance and gains in oil and protein contents. More satisfactory results in the generation of variability are obtained by the application of gamma radiation on soybean dry seeds between 50 and 150 Gy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 111563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111561
Serdar Sahin , Sinasi Kutay Ozen , Ferihan Ertan , Eren Sahiner
Phantoms representing anatomical deformations are necessary to investigate and improve dynamic treatments. In this study, we aimed to produce a deformable liver phantom by simulating respiratory motion.
The dynamically DEformable Liver Phantom (DELP) is designed to create a human-specific respiratory model and to produce synchronised, repeatable motion with this model. For the deformation effect of this movement, an artificial liver was created using silicone material and mold. A stepper motor was used to compress the liver in the inferior direction according to an adjustable respiratory motion. Reference markers (fiducial) placed on the DELP helped to verify the movement and calculate the deformation. In dynamic deformation tests, the greatest amount of deformation was found in the edge region of the silicone liver. The average deformation was 3.45 ± 0.93 mm when 5 mm amplitude movement was applied and 5.98 ± 0.01 mm when 10 mm amplitude movement was applied.
DELP is a deformable liver phantom with motion reproducibility. Its performance in radiotherapy application was evaluated using dosimetric equipment.
{"title":"Design and manufacturing of a dynamically deformable liver phantom for radiotherapy","authors":"Serdar Sahin , Sinasi Kutay Ozen , Ferihan Ertan , Eren Sahiner","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phantoms representing anatomical deformations are necessary to investigate and improve dynamic treatments. In this study, we aimed to produce a deformable liver phantom by simulating respiratory motion.</div><div>The dynamically <strong>DE</strong>formable <strong>L</strong>iver <strong>P</strong>hantom (DELP) is designed to create a human-specific respiratory model and to produce synchronised, repeatable motion with this model. For the deformation effect of this movement, an artificial liver was created using silicone material and mold. A stepper motor was used to compress the liver in the inferior direction according to an adjustable respiratory motion. Reference markers (fiducial) placed on the DELP helped to verify the movement and calculate the deformation. In dynamic deformation tests, the greatest amount of deformation was found in the edge region of the silicone liver. The average deformation was 3.45 ± 0.93 mm when 5 mm amplitude movement was applied and 5.98 ± 0.01 mm when 10 mm amplitude movement was applied.</div><div>DELP is a deformable liver phantom with motion reproducibility. Its performance in radiotherapy application was evaluated using dosimetric equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 111561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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