Applied Radiation and Isotopes最新文献

{"title":"Multifunctional polymethyl methacrylate–Boron carbide/bismuth oxide composites for gamma, neutron, and charged particle shielding applications","authors":"A.M. Abdelmonem ,&nbsp;Mahmoud T. Alabsy","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of interactions between gamma rays, neutrons, electrons, and ions and polymethyl methacrylate reinforced with 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt % Bi₂O₃ in exchange for B₄C wt %. The density of the polymeric composites, which were designated S1 through S6, ranged from 1.178 to 1.807 g/cm³. The effectiveness of gamma attenuation was experimentally assessed using an HPGe detector and gamma sources of ²⁴¹Am, ¹³³Ba, ¹³⁷Cs, ⁶⁰Co, and ¹⁵²Eu. Additionally, Phy-X/PSD and Py-MLBUF software were used to calculate gamma attenuation criteria over a broad range of gamma energy (0.015–15 MeV). Phy-X/PSD, MRCScal, and the neutron calculator of transmission and scattering power are used to evaluate the fast neutron attenuation capabilities. The thermal neutron's total macroscopic cross sections were computed. For the composite with the highest B₄C content (S2), the highest FNRCS and MRCS values are 0.1156 and 0.130 cm⁻¹, respectively. Additionally, the SRIM Monte Carlo algorithm was used to assess the range (R) of selected accelerated ions with a wide energy range (0.01–20 MeV). Furthermore, the total stopping power (TSP) and continuous slowing down approximation (CSDA) range of an electron with energy ranging from 0.01 to 1000 MeV were computed using ESTAR NIST software. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) was found to rise along with the density as the content of Bi₂O₃ increased. The experimental and XCOM software-calculated MACs showed a respectable degree of consistency, with the RD% staying below 1.0803%. The S2 polymer composite showed the best thermal neutron attenuation capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146155922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional nanofiber integration enhances radiation resistance in protective gloves: Molecular mechanisms and predictive modeling","authors":"Ornnicha Kongwut ,&nbsp;Phatsaran Laohhapaiboon","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electron beam sterilization in medical and nuclear facilities creates ongoing challenges for protective glove integrity, with frequent failures imposing significant safety risks and operational costs. This study employed a comprehensive multi-technique molecular analysis approach using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS), and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) to investigate the performance gap between nanofiber-reinforced woven (NFW) and surface-coated (SC) nitrile gloves subjected to clinically-relevant radiation doses (10–25 kGy). The main finding revealed that NFW gloves achieve 2.5-fold longer service life than SC alternatives through superior molecular-level protection mechanisms. EPR spectroscopy showed SC gloves developed 61 % higher radical concentration than NFW gloves at 25 kGy (8.7 × 10¹⁷ vs 5.4 × 10¹⁷ spins/g), with NFW exhibiting superior radical stability (62 % retention at 168h versus 43 % for SC gloves). PALS demonstrated NFW's significantly lower Void Expansion Coefficient (0.07 vs 0.41 ų/kGy), correlating with reduced oxygen diffusion rates (1.4 × 10⁻⁹ vs 8.7 × 10⁻⁹ cm²/s). SAXS analysis established superior Structural Preservation Quotient for woven architecture (0.81 vs 0.33), reflecting enhanced nanoscale organizational stability. NFW gloves retained 68 % of tensile strength at 25 kGy compared to only 42 % for SC gloves, demonstrating practical performance advantages. Integration of these molecular parameters into a comprehensive Molecular Protection Factor (5.7 vs 2.3) enabled accurate prediction of mechanical performance retention with 92 % correlation across the radiation spectrum. Three-dimensional woven integration provided extended Effective Protection Period of 42 months versus 17 months for surface-concentrated alternatives. The protection mechanism hierarchy demonstrated stress distribution effectiveness as the primary factor (41 % contribution), followed by radical isolation (27 %), void restriction (19 %), and network balance (13 %). Interface engineering and spatial distribution optimization offered superior enhancement potential (215 % calculated improvement) compared to traditional antioxidant approaches (maximum 65 % enhancement), establishing validated molecular-scale design principles for next-generation radiation-resistant protective equipment development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ability of activated Eichhornia crassipes for the retention of 60Co from liquid radioactive waste streams","authors":"L.M.S. Hussin ,&nbsp;M.R. Abass ,&nbsp;Muhammad S. Mansy","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A biosorbent material was prepared based on the <em>Eichhornia crassipes</em> (EC) plant to study the uptake of Co(II) from liquid waste. The modifications of the EC biomass were also carried out by chemical and physical methods, using NaOH (ECN) and carbonization (ECNC). Physicochemical characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (ΧRD) analysis, surface area analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to investigate the microstructure and active functional groups of ECN and ECNC, respectively. Batch experiments were conducted to compare the effectiveness of these sorbent materials in retaining Co(II). The comparison study was based on pH, sorbent material weight, metal ion concentrations, and contact time. Furthermore, kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic models were also examined to gain a better understanding of the sorption process, with maximum adsorption capacities to be 69.9 and 308.9 mg/g for ECN and ECNC, respectively. Finally, ¹⁵²+154Eu, ¹³⁴Cs, and ⁶⁰Co were employed to determine how competing metal ions affected the retention of Co(II) on a radioactive liquid waste sample.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112480"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146155857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production cross sections and thick target yields of α-particle-induced reactions on natFe below 50 MeV","authors":"Masayuki Aikawa ,&nbsp;Hiroya Chiba ,&nbsp;He Huang ,&nbsp;Damdinsuren Gantumur ,&nbsp;Akihiro Nambu ,&nbsp;Hiromitsu Haba","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>α-particle-induced reactions on ^natFe were studied with a special focus on possible medical radionuclides ^58mCo and ⁵⁵Co. Cross sections for production of ^57,56Ni, ^{61,58m,58g,57,56,55}Co, ^52gFe, ^56,54,52gMn, and ⁵¹Cr and thick target yields of ^57,56Ni, ^58g,57,56,55Co, and ^54,52gMn were determined. Based on agreement between experimental yields and calculated ones using the measured cross sections, high reliability of the experimental data could be reached. The thick target yields of ^58mCo and ⁵⁵Co were calculated and found to be 36 GBq/C (129 MBq/μAh) and 17 MBq/C (62 kBq/μAh) at 35 MeV, respectively. The yield of ^58mCo is promisingly high although that of ⁵⁵Co is low through the reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112460"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146050150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of MCNP6 and FISPACT-II calculations to predict the activation of selected beta emitters produced in the Budapest Research Reactor","authors":"Boglárka Maróti ,&nbsp;Zoltán Kis ,&nbsp;Noémi Anna Buczkó ,&nbsp;Katalin Gméling ,&nbsp;László Szentmiklósi","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Activation calculations were completed on the production of emerging beta-emitting radionuclides in the Budapest Research Reactor (BRR) for medical applications. MCNP6 was utilized to characterize the neutron field at the irradiation positions, while FISPACT-II software was used to predict the activities of the produced radionuclides. Target materials with natural isotopic compositions were irradiated in three different vertical channels of the BRR, and the specific activities of the radionuclides ¹⁶¹Tb, ¹¹¹Ag, ¹⁹⁹Au and ¹⁷⁷Lu were determined using gamma-ray spectrometry. The validation has been successfully completed using ENDF/B-VIII.0 and TENDL-2017 nuclear data libraries. A few discrepant cases were identified which require further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of D2O substitution on BNCT dosimetry with the AB-BNCT system: A combined Monte Carlo and experimental study","authors":"Junli Ge ,&nbsp;Diyun Shu ,&nbsp;Changran Geng ,&nbsp;Jinkai Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Tang ,&nbsp;Yuan-Hao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) faces challenges in delivering sufficient therapeutic dose to deep-seated tumors due to limited neutron penetration. Previous studies indicate that replacing tissue light water (H₂O) with heavy water (D₂O) can enhance neutron penetration while reducing photon dose under specific conditions. However, the applicability of this method within the NeuPex accelerator-based BNCT system requires further investigation and validation. In this study, Monte Carlo simulations with a radiation computational phantom quantified D₂O substitution effects on BNCT dosimetry for the NeuPex system, complemented by experimental measurements in a water phantom to assess neutron penetration depth and photon dose reduction. Simulation results indicate that when tumor depth exceeds 6 cm, D₂O substitution enhances the dosimetric performance of BNCT within the tumor. At a tumor depth of 7 cm, 20% D₂O substitution increases the tumor minimum dose by 14.1% and <em>D</em>₈₀ by 8.2%. Experimental results further demonstrate that D₂O substitution enhances neutron penetration while reducing photon dose contamination. With 20% D₂O substitution, the reaction rate increases beyond depths of approximately 6 cm. This study demonstrates the feasibility and applicability of D₂O substitution in the NeuPex system, establishing a theoretical foundation for future clinical implementation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic reference levels for pediatric fluoroscopy procedures: A systematic review","authors":"Khalid M. Aloufi","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aims to provide a systematic review of the DRLs for pediatric diagnostic and interventional fluoroscopy procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This systematic review included the published studies in pediatric diagnostic and interventional fluoroscopy procedures from June 2012 to December 2025 on the PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar websites. Fourteen articles have met this study's inclusion. The included data was divided into two groups, which were diagnostic and interventional procedures. Each group was divided into two categories, which were age-specific and weight-specific DRLs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The collected values for DRLs show high variation in both DAPs and FTs, and the I² test shows that there was no homogeneity between procedures of the same type. In addition, the results suggest that there was no consistency in the procedures performed between institutions. The magnitude and variation of DRL results for the interventional fluoroscopy procedures were significantly higher than that for the diagnostic procedures. The high DRLs were directly related to the high FTs required to perform the interventional procedures. The average FT required for the interventional fluoroscopy procedure was 9.75 min, whereas 2.3 min was required for the diagnostic fluoroscopy procedure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There were significant differences in both DAPs and FTs between the results obtained from different medical institutions. The higher DRLs were strongly related to the higher FTs required to perform the interventional procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146163454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absorbed-dose energy dependence calculation relevant to EBT3, HD-V2, MD-V3, and RTQA2 Gafchromic films in electron fields","authors":"Mohammad Khosravani,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Baghani,&nbsp;Reza Shamsabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the nominally independent response of radiation dosimeters to beam energy within a given range, all types of dosimeters show a degree of energy dependence. Current study aims to evaluate the absorbed-dose energy dependence of certain Gafchromic films in electron fields through Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and analytical approaches.</div><div>Four different film types including EBT3, HD-V2, MD-V3, and RTQA2 were considered. The MCNPX code was employed to simulate the absorbed-dose energy dependence of considered Gafchromic films inside a water-filled cylindrical phantom with a height of 30 cm and a radius of 20 cm. Furthermore, provided physical reference data by NIST were used for analytical evaluations of absorbed-dose energy dependence response. The energy dependence of selected Gafchromic films was calculated at different electron energies from 4 MeV to 20 MeV.</div><div>The obtained results showed an energy dependence response for all studied films. Among the considered films, EBT3 and HD-V2 respectively, showed the least and the most absorbed-dose energy dependence in electron field. There was good agreement between the obtained results by MC simulation and analytical approach (with differences of less than 4 %).</div><div>From the results, the observed energy dependence of studied Gafchromic films may be challenging for accurate dose measurements in electron fields. Furthermore, the agreement between Monte Carlo simulated and analytically determined f(Q) results indicates that Monte Carlo simulation can be employed as a reliable alternative to the analytical approach for evaluating the absorbed-dose energy dependence of Gafchromic films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypofractionated VMAT for prostate cancer: Integrating second-cancer modelling into clinical and policy decisions","authors":"Amit Kumar Gupta ,&nbsp;Anusha Putcha ,&nbsp;Varshini Vadhithala ,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112466","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The EURAMET.RI(II)-S9 interlaboratory comparison of the radionuclide calibrators","authors":"Arūnas Gudelis ,&nbsp;Andrei Antohe ,&nbsp;Eszter Bodnár ,&nbsp;Robert Bretner-Messler ,&nbsp;Pavel Dryák ,&nbsp;Andrej Javorník ,&nbsp;Kristyna Kohoutova ,&nbsp;Petr Kovář ,&nbsp;Matej Krivošík ,&nbsp;Ioana Lalau ,&nbsp;Patrick Lobner ,&nbsp;Liviu-Cristian Mihailescu ,&nbsp;Anita Peka ,&nbsp;Miguel Roteta ,&nbsp;Jan Rusnák ,&nbsp;Vladimír Sochor ,&nbsp;Jana Sochorová ,&nbsp;Jiri Šuráň ,&nbsp;Laszlo Szücs ,&nbsp;Isabelle Taschwer ,&nbsp;Martin Volesak","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At EURAMET TC-IR meeting in Madrid, March 1, 2023, it was proposed to organize a comparison on radionuclide calibrators to measure the activity of short-lived radionuclides used in nuclear medicine: F-18, Ga-67, Y-90, Tc-99 m, In-111, I-123, I-131, Sm-153, Lu-177 and Tl-201. The technical protocol was elaborated in June 2023 and after comments received from CCRI(II) and KCWG (II) it was finally approved in August 2023.</div><div>The comparison took place in Prague at CMI headquarters 11–15 September 2023.</div><div>Original solutions provided by manufacturers were used to prepare working solutions with which 2 mL ampoules, 5 mL ampoules, P6 vials, and Schott 10 R type1+ vials were filled. For control measurements by the gamma-ray spectrometry with a HPGe detector, samples were prepared using the same solution. For radionuclides Ga-67, Sm-153, and Lu-177, special solutions were produced, and 3.6 mL ampoules required by SIR were filled. Activity values were determined gravimetrically from activity concentration values measured by the primary method.</div><div>The comparison reference values were determined from activity measurement results of a selection of participants by using the Power Moderated Mean approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 112434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}