Alexis Weldon, D. Allen Davis, Melanie Rhodes, Amit Morey, Diliara Iassonova, Luke A. Roy
With current advancements in technology allowing for genetic modification of crops, canola has been modified to contain n3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of using genetically modified canola oil as a DHA and EPA replacement for Menhaden fish oil (FO) in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopeneaus vannamei. This trial was conducted using twenty-four 750 L tanks stocked at 40 shrimp per tank (0.1 ± 0.007 g initial weight) and grown for 63 days. Shrimp were fed one of five experimental diets (36% protein, 8% lipid) with supplemental FO replacement varying from 75% to 100% twice daily (7 a.m. and 7 p.m.). Two of the diets contained 15% fishmeal (FM) as the basal protein source, while the other three diets were FM free, allowing for complete removal of DHA sources in the basal formulation. While basal FO was removed, none of the experimental diets were completely devoid of FO. Shrimp were harvested and frozen after 9 weeks to be used for lipid extraction and taste and texture analysis by an untrained panel to mimic consumer responses. Results were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance, with significant differences observed in final mean weight (8.47–10.59 g) ( ), individual weight gain (8.37–10.48 g) ( ), and weekly gain (0.84–1.05 g) ( ). Human sensory analysis did not yield significant differences between measured taste parameters ( ). Lipid extraction and analysis results showed that fatty acid concentrations from whole shrimp samples correlate with diet lipid profiles except for EPA. There is no significant difference ( ) in EPA concentrations in whole shrimp samples regardless of diet. These results suggest that Latitude™ oil can be successfully used as a partial replacement for FO in commercial shrimp diets.
{"title":"Use of Genetically Modified Canola Oil as a Replacement for Fish Oil in Practical Diets for Whiteleg Shrimp Litopeneaus vannamei Reared in Green Water Conditions","authors":"Alexis Weldon, D. Allen Davis, Melanie Rhodes, Amit Morey, Diliara Iassonova, Luke A. Roy","doi":"10.1155/2023/2999827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2999827","url":null,"abstract":"With current advancements in technology allowing for genetic modification of crops, canola has been modified to contain n3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of using genetically modified canola oil as a DHA and EPA replacement for Menhaden fish oil (FO) in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopeneaus vannamei. This trial was conducted using twenty-four 750 L tanks stocked at 40 shrimp per tank (0.1 ± 0.007 g initial weight) and grown for 63 days. Shrimp were fed one of five experimental diets (36% protein, 8% lipid) with supplemental FO replacement varying from 75% to 100% twice daily (7 a.m. and 7 p.m.). Two of the diets contained 15% fishmeal (FM) as the basal protein source, while the other three diets were FM free, allowing for complete removal of DHA sources in the basal formulation. While basal FO was removed, none of the experimental diets were completely devoid of FO. Shrimp were harvested and frozen after 9 weeks to be used for lipid extraction and taste and texture analysis by an untrained panel to mimic consumer responses. Results were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance, with significant differences observed in final mean weight (8.47–10.59 g) ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.0275</mn> </math> ), individual weight gain (8.37–10.48 g) ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.0279</mn> </math> ), and weekly gain (0.84–1.05 g) ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M3\"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.0378</mn> </math> ). Human sensory analysis did not yield significant differences between measured taste parameters ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M4\"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>></mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ). Lipid extraction and analysis results showed that fatty acid concentrations from whole shrimp samples correlate with diet lipid profiles except for EPA. There is no significant difference ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M5\"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>></mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ) in EPA concentrations in whole shrimp samples regardless of diet. These results suggest that Latitude™ oil can be successfully used as a partial replacement for FO in commercial shrimp diets.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136079576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conservation aquaculture aids in restoring and rebuilding populations of endangered species through artificial breeding. The Ussuri cisco (Coregonus ussuriensis Berg) is a valuable fish species in China, known for its high nutritional value. However, its current yield heavily relies on fishing, leading to a rapid decline in wild populations. This study documents the successful artificial breeding of C. ussuriensis and provides a comprehensive description of its life cycle. We performed in situ gamete stripping followed by manual fertilization. Fertilized eggs were incubated at the Bohai cold-water fish experimental station in Mudanjiang, China, where seed breeding and parental fish farming were conducted. Under controlled conditions, we obtained around 110,000 fertilized eggs. After a 2-month incubation period, we obtained around 50,000 oviparous eggs with an eyed rate of 45.5%. Additionally, we observed over 30,000 larvae with a hatching rate of 60%. We produced 20,000 juvenile fish weighing 30 g after 1 year. This procedure facilitates the successful completion of the C. ussuriensis life cycle in aquaculture, aiding in the species’ recovery.
{"title":"Laboratory Cultivation of Coregonus ussuriensis Berg: A Comprehensive Study on Rearing from Egg to Adult Stage","authors":"Enhui Liu, Tianqing Huang, Wei Gu, Gaochao Wang, Bing Liu, Bingqian Wang, Gefeng Xu","doi":"10.1155/2023/8867866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8867866","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation aquaculture aids in restoring and rebuilding populations of endangered species through artificial breeding. The Ussuri cisco (Coregonus ussuriensis Berg) is a valuable fish species in China, known for its high nutritional value. However, its current yield heavily relies on fishing, leading to a rapid decline in wild populations. This study documents the successful artificial breeding of C. ussuriensis and provides a comprehensive description of its life cycle. We performed in situ gamete stripping followed by manual fertilization. Fertilized eggs were incubated at the Bohai cold-water fish experimental station in Mudanjiang, China, where seed breeding and parental fish farming were conducted. Under controlled conditions, we obtained around 110,000 fertilized eggs. After a 2-month incubation period, we obtained around 50,000 oviparous eggs with an eyed rate of 45.5%. Additionally, we observed over 30,000 larvae with a hatching rate of 60%. We produced 20,000 juvenile fish weighing 30 g after 1 year. This procedure facilitates the successful completion of the C. ussuriensis life cycle in aquaculture, aiding in the species’ recovery.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Hajibeglou, Mohamad Sudagar, Fatemeh Azizinezhad Jolandan, Kimia Alaei
The use of synthetic steroids for sex reversal in various fish is widespread, but due to the potential dangers of these types of compounds, the use of phytochemicals has been explored as a suitable natural alternative. In this experiment, the effects of extracts of Mucuna pruriens seeds and Basella alba leaves on sex reversal in Oncorhynchus mykiss were investigated. Fifteen-days-old rainbow trout larvae (mean weight: 0.123 ± 0.001 g) were fed experimental diets containing 17 α-methyltestosterone (MT) (60, 90 mg/kg diet), ethanol extract of B. alba leaves (1.0, 2.0 g/kg diet), and methanol extract of M. pruriens seeds (0.1, 0.2 g/kg diet) for 90 days. After 90 days, the experimental diets were replaced with the basal diet until 10 months of age. The control group was fed the basal diet. At the end of the experiment, growth factors, survival (%), intersex (%), and masculinization (%) were measured. The feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate in all experimental groups were not significantly different from those in the control group ( ). The highest significant percentage of intersex (6.03 ± 3.53%) and the lowest percentage of survival (72.33 ± 2.51%) were observed in the treatment with 90 mg MT/kg compared with the other treatments ( ). The percentage of intersexuality was significantly lower in the groups fed with plant extract than in the groups fed with MT ( ). The percentage of intersexuality was significantly lower in the groups fed with plant extract than in the groups fed with MT. The highest percentage of masculinization was observed in the groups fed with M. pruriens extract (0.2 g/kg) (61.75 ± 17.16%) and MT (90 mg/kg) (68.62 ± 1.82%). Moreover, masculinization was significantly higher in all experimental groups than in the control group ( ). There were significantly more males (%) in all experimental groups than in the control group. In conclusion, extracts of M. pruriens and B. alba can be used as an environmentally friendly and safe alternative to MT to induce masculinization of rainbow trout.
{"title":"The Effects of Mucuna pruriens and Basella alba Extracts on Sex Reversal in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Ali Hajibeglou, Mohamad Sudagar, Fatemeh Azizinezhad Jolandan, Kimia Alaei","doi":"10.1155/2023/8252139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8252139","url":null,"abstract":"The use of synthetic steroids for sex reversal in various fish is widespread, but due to the potential dangers of these types of compounds, the use of phytochemicals has been explored as a suitable natural alternative. In this experiment, the effects of extracts of Mucuna pruriens seeds and Basella alba leaves on sex reversal in Oncorhynchus mykiss were investigated. Fifteen-days-old rainbow trout larvae (mean weight: 0.123 ± 0.001 g) were fed experimental diets containing 17 α-methyltestosterone (MT) (60, 90 mg/kg diet), ethanol extract of B. alba leaves (1.0, 2.0 g/kg diet), and methanol extract of M. pruriens seeds (0.1, 0.2 g/kg diet) for 90 days. After 90 days, the experimental diets were replaced with the basal diet until 10 months of age. The control group was fed the basal diet. At the end of the experiment, growth factors, survival (%), intersex (%), and masculinization (%) were measured. The feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate in all experimental groups were not significantly different from those in the control group ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo>></mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ). The highest significant percentage of intersex (6.03 ± 3.53%) and the lowest percentage of survival (72.33 ± 2.51%) were observed in the treatment with 90 mg MT/kg compared with the other treatments ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo>></mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ). The percentage of intersexuality was significantly lower in the groups fed with plant extract than in the groups fed with MT ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M3\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ). The percentage of intersexuality was significantly lower in the groups fed with plant extract than in the groups fed with MT. The highest percentage of masculinization was observed in the groups fed with M. pruriens extract (0.2 g/kg) (61.75 ± 17.16%) and MT (90 mg/kg) (68.62 ± 1.82%). Moreover, masculinization was significantly higher in all experimental groups than in the control group ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M4\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo>></mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ). There were significantly more males (%) in all experimental groups than in the control group. In conclusion, extracts of M. pruriens and B. alba can be used as an environmentally friendly and safe alternative to MT to induce masculinization of rainbow trout.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of curcumin levels on growth, flesh quality, and oxidative resistance in juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Fish (initial mean weight: 4.5 ± 0.3 g) were randomly fed five diets with curcumin supplementation levels of 0 (control), 150, 300, 600, and 1,200 mg/kg. After 60 days of feeding, the hepatosomatic index was significantly reduced in the curcumin supplemented groups. The 300 mg/kg group had the highest crude protein content of the whole fish. Compared to the control group, the crude fat content of whole fish in the 150 and 300 mg/kg groups was significantly reduced by 18.83%–19.74%, respectively. The highest values for muscular hardness, chewiness, myofibrillar density, and proportion of small-sized myofibers (<40 μm) were observed in the 300 mg/kg group. The levels of total nonessential amino acids and bitter amino acids in muscle were significantly lower in the 150 and 300 mg/kg groups than in the other groups. The 300 mg/kg group had higher levels of free sweet amino acids in the muscle than the other groups. Muscles from the 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg groups had significantly higher levels of umami amino acids than in the other groups. The levels of total free nonessential amino acids and total amino acids in serum were significantly higher in the 300 mg/kg group than in the control group. Serum aspartate transaminase activity was significantly lower in the curcumin supplementation groups than in the control group, and the serum alanine aminotransferase activity was significantly lower in the 150 mg/kg group than in the other groups. Serum superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in the curcumin supplementation groups than in the control group. Serum catalase activity was significantly higher in the 150 mg/kg group than in the other groups. The serum malondialdehyde level was lowest in the 150 mg/kg group. These results suggest that dietary curcumin supplementation in the diet at 150–300 mg/kg can effectively improve the nutritional value, muscle flavor, and antioxidant capacity of tilapia.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Curcumin on Growth and Flesh Quality in Juvenile Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Xinyuan Li, Lifei Wu, Li Duan, Wenbiao Wang, Pengyu Zhao, Meili Wu, Weiguang Song, Feng Huang","doi":"10.1155/2023/6013669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6013669","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of curcumin levels on growth, flesh quality, and oxidative resistance in juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Fish (initial mean weight: 4.5 ± 0.3 g) were randomly fed five diets with curcumin supplementation levels of 0 (control), 150, 300, 600, and 1,200 mg/kg. After 60 days of feeding, the hepatosomatic index was significantly reduced in the curcumin supplemented groups. The 300 mg/kg group had the highest crude protein content of the whole fish. Compared to the control group, the crude fat content of whole fish in the 150 and 300 mg/kg groups was significantly reduced by 18.83%–19.74%, respectively. The highest values for muscular hardness, chewiness, myofibrillar density, and proportion of small-sized myofibers (<40 μm) were observed in the 300 mg/kg group. The levels of total nonessential amino acids and bitter amino acids in muscle were significantly lower in the 150 and 300 mg/kg groups than in the other groups. The 300 mg/kg group had higher levels of free sweet amino acids in the muscle than the other groups. Muscles from the 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg groups had significantly higher levels of umami amino acids than in the other groups. The levels of total free nonessential amino acids and total amino acids in serum were significantly higher in the 300 mg/kg group than in the control group. Serum aspartate transaminase activity was significantly lower in the curcumin supplementation groups than in the control group, and the serum alanine aminotransferase activity was significantly lower in the 150 mg/kg group than in the other groups. Serum superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in the curcumin supplementation groups than in the control group. Serum catalase activity was significantly higher in the 150 mg/kg group than in the other groups. The serum malondialdehyde level was lowest in the 150 mg/kg group. These results suggest that dietary curcumin supplementation in the diet at 150–300 mg/kg can effectively improve the nutritional value, muscle flavor, and antioxidant capacity of tilapia.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135251957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies on socioeconomic, communication media usage, occupational, and sociopsychological attributes of farmers are prerequisite for planning, designing, and successful implementation of sustainable management strategies of a sector which is true for Penaeus vannamei shrimp farming also. The state of Andhra Pradesh in India ranks first in shrimp farming. However, Tamil Nadu state has a lot of potential and is slowly catching with third position, so the baseline profile of shrimp farmers of Tamil Nadu was collected through interviews with 316 shrimp farmers in Nagapattinam, Mayiladuthurai, Thanjavur, and Thiruvallur districts. Most shrimp farmers were men of middle-age, with experience ranging from 1 to 5 years with secondary school to graduate level education. About 89.36% of shrimp farmers had taken loans for the purpose of shrimp farming whereas 78.16% were depending on income from shrimp farming as a repayment source. The benefit–cost ratio of shrimp farming was 2.2 indicating profitability so 79.37% of them were able to save money. However, for 86.53% this was a major expenditure too indicating its vital role in their life. For acquiring information for shrimp farming, 40% relied on friends and 24% relied on fellow farmers. Shrimp farmers were well-versed with the present-era mass-media and through smartphones they acquired information from apps like YouTube. Innovation proneness, scientific orientation, and economic motivation were found to be high in about 30% of farmers. Proper planning is essential for sustainable shrimp farming and sustaining the socioeconomic benefits. The studied attributes play an important role in formulation, designing, and successful implementation of sustainable shrimp farming.
{"title":"Analysis of Socioeconomics and Occupational Dimensions of Shrimp Farmers of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Agnes Daney Angela, Arpita Sharma","doi":"10.1155/2023/2457208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2457208","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on socioeconomic, communication media usage, occupational, and sociopsychological attributes of farmers are prerequisite for planning, designing, and successful implementation of sustainable management strategies of a sector which is true for Penaeus vannamei shrimp farming also. The state of Andhra Pradesh in India ranks first in shrimp farming. However, Tamil Nadu state has a lot of potential and is slowly catching with third position, so the baseline profile of shrimp farmers of Tamil Nadu was collected through interviews with 316 shrimp farmers in Nagapattinam, Mayiladuthurai, Thanjavur, and Thiruvallur districts. Most shrimp farmers were men of middle-age, with experience ranging from 1 to 5 years with secondary school to graduate level education. About 89.36% of shrimp farmers had taken loans for the purpose of shrimp farming whereas 78.16% were depending on income from shrimp farming as a repayment source. The benefit–cost ratio of shrimp farming was 2.2 indicating profitability so 79.37% of them were able to save money. However, for 86.53% this was a major expenditure too indicating its vital role in their life. For acquiring information for shrimp farming, 40% relied on friends and 24% relied on fellow farmers. Shrimp farmers were well-versed with the present-era mass-media and through smartphones they acquired information from apps like YouTube. Innovation proneness, scientific orientation, and economic motivation were found to be high in about 30% of farmers. Proper planning is essential for sustainable shrimp farming and sustaining the socioeconomic benefits. The studied attributes play an important role in formulation, designing, and successful implementation of sustainable shrimp farming.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135482458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the increase of demand for seafood supplies, a large amount of high-protein feed has been added to mariculture aeras, which causes hazards for the cultured organisms and environment. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the bacterial communities in the sediments of two aquaculture systems (fish and oyster culture) in Xiangshan Bay, China for four seasons. Analysis of variance results showed that the abundance and biodiversity differed significantly between the culture areas and control areas, and different seasons as well. Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Bacteroidetes were the three most abundant phyla. Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidia were the three most abundant classes. Principal co-ordinates analysis showed that sediment bacterial community composition in the fish and oyster culture areas significantly differed from that in the control areas. Analysis of the function prediction of pathways related to the nitrogen cycle in sediments revealed a higher proportion of genes involved in denitrification in aquaculture farms. Nitrate respiration particularly occurred in fish areas, whereas nitrate reduction occurred both in fish and oyster areas, and the proportions in winter were significantly higher than that in other seasons. It also provides insights into the indirect effects of human aquaculture activities on coastal algal blooms.
{"title":"Fish and Shellfish Aquaculture Impact on the Sediment Bacterial Communities in Xiangshan Bay, China","authors":"Hanren Liu, Yibo Liao, Huajun Zhang, Xiaoyue Song, Yanbin Tang, Qinghe Liu, Rongliang Zhang, Lu Shou, Jiangning Zeng","doi":"10.1155/2023/9199534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9199534","url":null,"abstract":"As the increase of demand for seafood supplies, a large amount of high-protein feed has been added to mariculture aeras, which causes hazards for the cultured organisms and environment. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the bacterial communities in the sediments of two aquaculture systems (fish and oyster culture) in Xiangshan Bay, China for four seasons. Analysis of variance results showed that the abundance and biodiversity differed significantly between the culture areas and control areas, and different seasons as well. Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Bacteroidetes were the three most abundant phyla. Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidia were the three most abundant classes. Principal co-ordinates analysis showed that sediment bacterial community composition in the fish and oyster culture areas significantly differed from that in the control areas. Analysis of the function prediction of pathways related to the nitrogen cycle in sediments revealed a higher proportion of genes involved in denitrification in aquaculture farms. Nitrate respiration particularly occurred in fish areas, whereas nitrate reduction occurred both in fish and oyster areas, and the proportions in winter were significantly higher than that in other seasons. It also provides insights into the indirect effects of human aquaculture activities on coastal algal blooms.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135769898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zamir Benitez-Polo, Nataly Gómez-Gómez, Luz A. Velasco
The estuarine clam Polymesoda arctata is one of the commercially important bivalves of the Caribbean, which is currently considered endangered by overexploitation and habitat loss. With the purpose of gain knowledge about its environmental requirements for aquaculture and restocking purposes, its energetic physiology performance was evaluated under laboratory conditions in response to the variation of food concentration and water quality registered in their natural habitat. Different physiological variables, including the rates of filtration (FR), pseudofeces production (RR), ingestion (IR), absorption (AR), oxygen consumption (OCR), and ammonium excretion (UR), as well as absorption efficiency (AE) and scope for growth (SFG), were estimated in five successive experiments, where different concentration levels of food or particulate organic matter (1.8, 4.0, 7.3, and 13.0 mg L−1 equivalent to 2.3, 5.0, 9.3, and 16.6 mg of the microalgae Isochrysis galbana L−1), salinity (5, 15, and 25‰), temperature (27, 29, and 32°C), ammonia concentration (7, 48 and 77 µg NH3-N L−1), and dissolved oxygen saturation (24, 48, and 93%) were tested. Intermediate conditions of food concentration, salinity, and temperature resulted in higher values for most of the physiological variables measured, except for the higher values of OCR and UR obtained at low salinity, as well as the higher values of AE, AR, and SFG measured at low temperatures. Most of the physiological variables increased under conditions of lower ammonia concentrations and higher dissolved oxygen saturation in the water. Although this species exhibited physiological plasticity, tolerance, and enough energy for growth and reproduction under the environmental variations of its habitat, it also showed a high sensitivity to its environment, having the highest SFG values under intermediate conditions of particulate organic matter (7.2 mg L−1 or 9.3 mg of I. galbana L−1), salinity (15‰), and temperature (27–29°C), as well as at low ammonia concentration (7 μg NH3-N L−1) and high dissolved oxygen saturation (93%). Based on our results, we recommended the use of this values for reproductive conditioning of broodstock and juvenile culture in laboratory, and also as an input for selecting areas for aquaculture farming and restocking experiments.
{"title":"Energetic Physiology of the Caribbean Estuarine Clam Polymesoda arctata (Deshayes, 1854) Exposed to Different Environmental Conditions under Laboratory","authors":"Zamir Benitez-Polo, Nataly Gómez-Gómez, Luz A. Velasco","doi":"10.1155/2023/7030752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7030752","url":null,"abstract":"The estuarine clam Polymesoda arctata is one of the commercially important bivalves of the Caribbean, which is currently considered endangered by overexploitation and habitat loss. With the purpose of gain knowledge about its environmental requirements for aquaculture and restocking purposes, its energetic physiology performance was evaluated under laboratory conditions in response to the variation of food concentration and water quality registered in their natural habitat. Different physiological variables, including the rates of filtration (FR), pseudofeces production (RR), ingestion (IR), absorption (AR), oxygen consumption (OCR), and ammonium excretion (UR), as well as absorption efficiency (AE) and scope for growth (SFG), were estimated in five successive experiments, where different concentration levels of food or particulate organic matter (1.8, 4.0, 7.3, and 13.0 mg L−1 equivalent to 2.3, 5.0, 9.3, and 16.6 mg of the microalgae Isochrysis galbana L−1), salinity (5, 15, and 25‰), temperature (27, 29, and 32°C), ammonia concentration (7, 48 and 77 µg NH3-N L−1), and dissolved oxygen saturation (24, 48, and 93%) were tested. Intermediate conditions of food concentration, salinity, and temperature resulted in higher values for most of the physiological variables measured, except for the higher values of OCR and UR obtained at low salinity, as well as the higher values of AE, AR, and SFG measured at low temperatures. Most of the physiological variables increased under conditions of lower ammonia concentrations and higher dissolved oxygen saturation in the water. Although this species exhibited physiological plasticity, tolerance, and enough energy for growth and reproduction under the environmental variations of its habitat, it also showed a high sensitivity to its environment, having the highest SFG values under intermediate conditions of particulate organic matter (7.2 mg L−1 or 9.3 mg of I. galbana L−1), salinity (15‰), and temperature (27–29°C), as well as at low ammonia concentration (7 μg NH3-N L−1) and high dissolved oxygen saturation (93%). Based on our results, we recommended the use of this values for reproductive conditioning of broodstock and juvenile culture in laboratory, and also as an input for selecting areas for aquaculture farming and restocking experiments.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136130779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian-sheng Huang, Dian-yu Chen, Jing-hui Jin, Rui-tao Xie, Yi Lu, Eric Amenyogbe
Feed is the main source of material and energy for farmed fish, and its nutritional value and balance are important factors affecting fish’s growth rate and physical health. In order to explore the effects of two different feed sources on the growth, serum biochemical indexes, liver antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism of young cobia fish, 300 young cobia fish with an initial body weight of 43.14 ± 1.25 g were selected for the experiment and randomly divided into two treatments. Each treatment had five replicates, and each replicate had 30 fish. They were fed with formulated feed and frozen fresh fish, respectively, for 12 weeks. The results showed that the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion rate of juvenile cobia fish fed with formulated diet were extremely significantly lower than those of the frozen fresh fish group ( ), and condition factor was significantly lower than that of the frozen fresh fish group ( ). However, protein efficiency rate, hepatosomatic index, and viscerosomatic index were significantly higher than those of frozen fresh fish group ( ). The content of water, crude protein, and crude ash in the whole fish had no significant difference ( ), while the content of crude lipid decreased significantly ( ). The serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and sugar content of cobia in the formulated diet group were significantly higher than those in the frozen fresh fish group ( ). In contrast, the total cholesterol, triglyceride content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and phosphorus content were significantly lower than those in the frozen fresh fish group ( ). Compared with the frozen fresh fish group, the antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver of the formulated diet group were significantly decreased ( ) except malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of fatty acid synthase, while there was no significant difference in the malate dehydrogenase. The study showed that under the experimental conditions, frozen fresh fish was more suitable for feeding juvenile cobia, and the formulated diet had adverse effects on the liver of juvenile cobia. Therefore, the nutritional composition of frozen fresh fish an
{"title":"Effects of Formulated Diet and Frozen Fresh Fish on Growth, Serum Biochemical Indexes, Liver Antioxidant, and Lipid Metabolism of Juvenile Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)","authors":"Jian-sheng Huang, Dian-yu Chen, Jing-hui Jin, Rui-tao Xie, Yi Lu, Eric Amenyogbe","doi":"10.1155/2023/2544013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2544013","url":null,"abstract":"Feed is the main source of material and energy for farmed fish, and its nutritional value and balance are important factors affecting fish’s growth rate and physical health. In order to explore the effects of two different feed sources on the growth, serum biochemical indexes, liver antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism of young cobia fish, 300 young cobia fish with an initial body weight of 43.14 ± 1.25 g were selected for the experiment and randomly divided into two treatments. Each treatment had five replicates, and each replicate had 30 fish. They were fed with formulated feed and frozen fresh fish, respectively, for 12 weeks. The results showed that the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion rate of juvenile cobia fish fed with formulated diet were extremely significantly lower than those of the frozen fresh fish group ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.01</mn> </math> ), and condition factor was significantly lower than that of the frozen fresh fish group ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ). However, protein efficiency rate, hepatosomatic index, and viscerosomatic index were significantly higher than those of frozen fresh fish group ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M3\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ). The content of water, crude protein, and crude ash in the whole fish had no significant difference ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M4\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo>></mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ), while the content of crude lipid decreased significantly ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M5\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ). The serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and sugar content of cobia in the formulated diet group were significantly higher than those in the frozen fresh fish group ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M6\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ). In contrast, the total cholesterol, triglyceride content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and phosphorus content were significantly lower than those in the frozen fresh fish group ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M7\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ). Compared with the frozen fresh fish group, the antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver of the formulated diet group were significantly decreased ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M8\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ) except malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of fatty acid synthase, while there was no significant difference in the malate dehydrogenase. The study showed that under the experimental conditions, frozen fresh fish was more suitable for feeding juvenile cobia, and the formulated diet had adverse effects on the liver of juvenile cobia. Therefore, the nutritional composition of frozen fresh fish an","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135306049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. H. Fuentes-Andraca, M. E. Araneda-Padilla, R. Domínguez-May, M. Gullian-Klanian, E. J. Marin-Coria, J. C. Quintana-Casares, D. Peñalosa-Martinell, G. Ponce-Díaz
The heterogeneous and homogeneous growth (HmG) assumptions in an intensive tilapia Oreochromis niloticus pre-grow-out production were evaluated under the different stocking scenarios. Four growth models (von Bertalanffy, Logistic, Pütter, and Gompertz) were tested and modified to include the effect of stocking density and growth difference. Models with homogeneous growth were fitted using a nonlinear regression, while heterogeneous growth (HtG) models were parameterized using quantile (0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 0.85, and 0.95) regression. According to goodness of fit and validation, the models that best fit homogeneous and HtG were Logistic and von Bertalanffy, respectively, which confirm the existence of the dense dependency effect on growth performance. Density and growth have an inversely proportional relationship. Quantile regression provided greater efficiency in predicting growth of the different groups of individuals in the population. The results obtained can be used by the aquaculture farmer to select stocking management strategies and optimal transfer time for tilapia juveniles.
{"title":"Modeling Nile Tilapia Heterogeneous Growth under Different Stocking Densities during Pre-Grow-Out Stage","authors":"V. H. Fuentes-Andraca, M. E. Araneda-Padilla, R. Domínguez-May, M. Gullian-Klanian, E. J. Marin-Coria, J. C. Quintana-Casares, D. Peñalosa-Martinell, G. Ponce-Díaz","doi":"10.1155/2023/9347654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9347654","url":null,"abstract":"The heterogeneous and homogeneous growth (HmG) assumptions in an intensive tilapia Oreochromis niloticus pre-grow-out production were evaluated under the different stocking scenarios. Four growth models (von Bertalanffy, Logistic, Pütter, and Gompertz) were tested and modified to include the effect of stocking density and growth difference. Models with homogeneous growth were fitted using a nonlinear regression, while heterogeneous growth (HtG) models were parameterized using quantile (0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 0.85, and 0.95) regression. According to goodness of fit and validation, the models that best fit homogeneous and HtG were Logistic and von Bertalanffy, respectively, which confirm the existence of the dense dependency effect on growth performance. Density and growth have an inversely proportional relationship. Quantile regression provided greater efficiency in predicting growth of the different groups of individuals in the population. The results obtained can be used by the aquaculture farmer to select stocking management strategies and optimal transfer time for tilapia juveniles.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interleukin (IL)-10 family members play important roles in regulating the immune responses during host defense. In the present study, four IL-10 family members (IL-10, IL-20L, IL-22, and IL-26) were identified from spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) and their expression patterns were investigated following Edwardsiella tarda and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. The four ILs of spotted sea bass shared conserved features of IL-10 family and were well clustered with the IL-10 family of fish, respectively. The expressions of these four ILs in normal tissues were different, but all were highly expressed in gills, indicating their roles in mucosal immunity. After E. tarda and LPS challenge, the four ILs were upregulated in several immune-related tissues (gills, head kidney, intestine, and spleen). These results indicated that these four ILs involved in the antibacterial immune responses of spotted sea bass, providing basis for understanding the function and networks of IL-10 family members in fish.
{"title":"Identification and Expression Analysis of IL-10 Family in Spotted Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)","authors":"Yuxi Chen, Qian Gao, Zhitao Qi, Chong Xu, Tingshuang Pan, Dong Liu, Qigen Liu","doi":"10.1155/2023/6647666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6647666","url":null,"abstract":"Interleukin (IL)-10 family members play important roles in regulating the immune responses during host defense. In the present study, four IL-10 family members (IL-10, IL-20L, IL-22, and IL-26) were identified from spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) and their expression patterns were investigated following Edwardsiella tarda and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. The four ILs of spotted sea bass shared conserved features of IL-10 family and were well clustered with the IL-10 family of fish, respectively. The expressions of these four ILs in normal tissues were different, but all were highly expressed in gills, indicating their roles in mucosal immunity. After E. tarda and LPS challenge, the four ILs were upregulated in several immune-related tissues (gills, head kidney, intestine, and spleen). These results indicated that these four ILs involved in the antibacterial immune responses of spotted sea bass, providing basis for understanding the function and networks of IL-10 family members in fish.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135734140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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