Hamed Ghafarifarsani, M. Raeeszadeh, S. Hajirezaee, Sadegh Ghafari Farsani, Mohammad Mansouri Chorehi
Exposure of aquatic organisms to organophosphorus pollutants is a subject of keen interest to biologists and environmental scientists. Examining histopathological changes in the tissues of exposed animals can provide great insights to understand the health condition of the organisms. This study examined the effects of malathion concentration and exposure time on the liver and gill tissues of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a laboratory condition and tried to provide a quantitative assessment for the analysis of these effects. The experiment was conducted in three treatments including 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 mg/L of malathion for 1, 5, and 9 days with a nonexposed group as control, in three replicates. The liver and gill samples were fixed in buffered formalin. About 5 µ tissue sections were prepared using the conventional histological methods and stained using the hematoxylin–eosin method. Histopathological changes in the liver and gill tissues were quantified by grading and the resulting data were analyzed by rank-based estimation. The results showed that histopathological changes in the liver and gill tissues are more affected by the malathion concentration than by the duration of the exposure. However, longer exposure had an intensifying effect on the tissue damage caused by the malathion at higher concentrations. The presence of melanomacrophages as an indicator of malathion toxicity was determined. The fish exposed to 0.075 mg/L malathion for 9 days showed atrophy in the liver and gill tissues, indicating cell death and functional inactivation. Histopathological changes in the liver and gills confirmed the dose-dependent effect of malathion on the rainbow trout.
{"title":"The Effect of Malathion Concentration and Exposure Time on Histopathological Changes in the Liver and Gill of Rainbow Trout","authors":"Hamed Ghafarifarsani, M. Raeeszadeh, S. Hajirezaee, Sadegh Ghafari Farsani, Mohammad Mansouri Chorehi","doi":"10.1155/2023/3396066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3396066","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure of aquatic organisms to organophosphorus pollutants is a subject of keen interest to biologists and environmental scientists. Examining histopathological changes in the tissues of exposed animals can provide great insights to understand the health condition of the organisms. This study examined the effects of malathion concentration and exposure time on the liver and gill tissues of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a laboratory condition and tried to provide a quantitative assessment for the analysis of these effects. The experiment was conducted in three treatments including 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 mg/L of malathion for 1, 5, and 9 days with a nonexposed group as control, in three replicates. The liver and gill samples were fixed in buffered formalin. About 5 µ tissue sections were prepared using the conventional histological methods and stained using the hematoxylin–eosin method. Histopathological changes in the liver and gill tissues were quantified by grading and the resulting data were analyzed by rank-based estimation. The results showed that histopathological changes in the liver and gill tissues are more affected by the malathion concentration than by the duration of the exposure. However, longer exposure had an intensifying effect on the tissue damage caused by the malathion at higher concentrations. The presence of melanomacrophages as an indicator of malathion toxicity was determined. The fish exposed to 0.075 mg/L malathion for 9 days showed atrophy in the liver and gill tissues, indicating cell death and functional inactivation. Histopathological changes in the liver and gills confirmed the dose-dependent effect of malathion on the rainbow trout.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49027864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zakaria, S. K. Sanyal, Md. Inja-Mamun Haque, S. C. Mandal, Kozo Watanabe, A. Hossain
Microbial community inhabiting the intestine of the shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and their surrounding environments (e.g., water and sediment) is considered as a key contributing factor for the sustainable farming of shrimp. Indiscriminate application of antibiotics in aquaculture is a growing concern due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), more specifically the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The present study investigates the microbiome composition and 19 ARGs from four different shrimp farming systems; (i) cluster, (ii) extensive, (iii) semi-intensive, and (iv) improved extensive in the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. In doing so, the study applied advanced 16S rRNA-based metagenomic sequencing to study the bacterial composition. Moreover, gene specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the ARGs in shrimp, water, and sediments of different farming systems. In the current study, bacteria from the phylum Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were predominant among the samples (n = 12) collected from the different farming systems followed by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria. Firmicutes was the predominant phylum in the gut of shrimp cultured in the cluster (relative abundance 53.33%) and semi-intensive (relative abundance 59.2%) culture systems. Results indicated that the bacterial community structure was significantly ( p < 0.05 ) distinct among gut, sediment, and water samples as well as the farming systems. The shared operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in the sediment sample (16,495) was nearly double than the gut (7,931) and water (8,513) bacterial communities. The improved extensive farming system showed 1,289 (11.05%) shared OTUs among gut, sediment, and water followed by semi-intensive (6.87%), cluster (6.27%), and extensive (5.46%) farming system. Among the tested ARGs, sul1, cat, gyrA(C), tetA, tetC, tetX, ere(A), vanR, and dfrA1 were predominant in water and sediment samples. Semi-intensive farming system had the highest prevalence of ARGs (21.05%) while the lowest prevalence was found in extensive (5.26%) farming system. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive scenario of bacterial composition and growing emergence of ARGs in shrimp farming of Bangladesh. Therefore, the production strategy must focus on the alternatives of antibiotic for shaping the shrimp cultivation technique more sustainable.
{"title":"Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Associated with the Different Farming Systems of Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Zakaria, S. K. Sanyal, Md. Inja-Mamun Haque, S. C. Mandal, Kozo Watanabe, A. Hossain","doi":"10.1155/2023/6255586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6255586","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial community inhabiting the intestine of the shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and their surrounding environments (e.g., water and sediment) is considered as a key contributing factor for the sustainable farming of shrimp. Indiscriminate application of antibiotics in aquaculture is a growing concern due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), more specifically the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The present study investigates the microbiome composition and 19 ARGs from four different shrimp farming systems; (i) cluster, (ii) extensive, (iii) semi-intensive, and (iv) improved extensive in the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. In doing so, the study applied advanced 16S rRNA-based metagenomic sequencing to study the bacterial composition. Moreover, gene specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the ARGs in shrimp, water, and sediments of different farming systems. In the current study, bacteria from the phylum Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were predominant among the samples (n = 12) collected from the different farming systems followed by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria. Firmicutes was the predominant phylum in the gut of shrimp cultured in the cluster (relative abundance 53.33%) and semi-intensive (relative abundance 59.2%) culture systems. Results indicated that the bacterial community structure was significantly (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ) distinct among gut, sediment, and water samples as well as the farming systems. The shared operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in the sediment sample (16,495) was nearly double than the gut (7,931) and water (8,513) bacterial communities. The improved extensive farming system showed 1,289 (11.05%) shared OTUs among gut, sediment, and water followed by semi-intensive (6.87%), cluster (6.27%), and extensive (5.46%) farming system. Among the tested ARGs, sul1, cat, gyrA(C), tetA, tetC, tetX, ere(A), vanR, and dfrA1 were predominant in water and sediment samples. Semi-intensive farming system had the highest prevalence of ARGs (21.05%) while the lowest prevalence was found in extensive (5.26%) farming system. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive scenario of bacterial composition and growing emergence of ARGs in shrimp farming of Bangladesh. Therefore, the production strategy must focus on the alternatives of antibiotic for shaping the shrimp cultivation technique more sustainable.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43548757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guoliang Chang, J. Shan, Song Yuhao, Yang Liu, H.-A. Zhao, Ding Huiyu, Jianming Xu, Ma Aimei, Yongxu Cheng, Muhammad Laghari Younis
The Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, is a popular food and an important breeding crab in China. In order to pursue higher sales prices and improve breeding efficiency, many farmers often hoard these crabs, until around the Spring Festival or even later, before selling them. Therefore, considering the time span of hoarding, the present study was designed to check the quality (edible tissues, muscle quality, hepatopancreas color, proximate biochemical and amino acid compositions) of E. sinensis, before and after overwintering hoard. The hepatosomatic index before hoarding in winter was higher than that of after hoarding in winter, but the gonadosomatic index, meat yield, total edible yield, and condition factor were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) lower after hoarding in winter. The texture profile analysis (TPA) of muscle, the springiness, chewiness, and cohesiveness after hoarding in winter were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) higher than those before hoarding in winter. The redness and yellowness of the hepatopancreas before hoarding in winter were lower than those after hoarding in winter. No significant difference ( p < 0.05 ) was found in moisture, crude protein, and crude lipid in hepatopancreas, gonad, and muscle tissues of male E. sinensis. The contents of all amino acids (except methionine and histidine) in hepatopancreas, gonad, and muscle before hoarding in winter were higher than after hoarding, but there was no significant difference ( p < 0.05 ) in hepatopancreas and gonad. While, in the muscle, the contents such as threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine, and arginine, before hoarding in winter, were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) higher than after hoarding. This study showed that, for the male E. sinensis after overwintering hoard, the edible tissues and muscle quality increased, and, moreover, the hepatopancreas color and proximate biochemical and amino acid compositions of hepatopancreas and gonad have no significant changes, but the content of many good amino acids, ΣNEAA and ΣDAA, in muscle all decreased.
{"title":"Impact of Overwintering Hoard on the Edible Tissues, Muscle Quality, Hepatopancreas Color, and Proximate Biochemical and Amino Acid Compositions of Male Eriocheir sinensis","authors":"Guoliang Chang, J. Shan, Song Yuhao, Yang Liu, H.-A. Zhao, Ding Huiyu, Jianming Xu, Ma Aimei, Yongxu Cheng, Muhammad Laghari Younis","doi":"10.1155/2023/8143352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8143352","url":null,"abstract":"The Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, is a popular food and an important breeding crab in China. In order to pursue higher sales prices and improve breeding efficiency, many farmers often hoard these crabs, until around the Spring Festival or even later, before selling them. Therefore, considering the time span of hoarding, the present study was designed to check the quality (edible tissues, muscle quality, hepatopancreas color, proximate biochemical and amino acid compositions) of E. sinensis, before and after overwintering hoard. The hepatosomatic index before hoarding in winter was higher than that of after hoarding in winter, but the gonadosomatic index, meat yield, total edible yield, and condition factor were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) lower after hoarding in winter. The texture profile analysis (TPA) of muscle, the springiness, chewiness, and cohesiveness after hoarding in winter were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) higher than those before hoarding in winter. The redness and yellowness of the hepatopancreas before hoarding in winter were lower than those after hoarding in winter. No significant difference ( p < 0.05 ) was found in moisture, crude protein, and crude lipid in hepatopancreas, gonad, and muscle tissues of male E. sinensis. The contents of all amino acids (except methionine and histidine) in hepatopancreas, gonad, and muscle before hoarding in winter were higher than after hoarding, but there was no significant difference ( p < 0.05 ) in hepatopancreas and gonad. While, in the muscle, the contents such as threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine, and arginine, before hoarding in winter, were significantly ( p < 0.05 ) higher than after hoarding. This study showed that, for the male E. sinensis after overwintering hoard, the edible tissues and muscle quality increased, and, moreover, the hepatopancreas color and proximate biochemical and amino acid compositions of hepatopancreas and gonad have no significant changes, but the content of many good amino acids, ΣNEAA and ΣDAA, in muscle all decreased.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47748836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhou Wu, Yumin Yang, Liqing Zhou, Changfeng Chi, Xiujun Sun, Biao Wu, Zhihong Liu, Yan Wang
The Pacific abalone is an economically important cold-water shellfish. With its widespread culture, high temperature has become a key abiotic factor for the high mortality of Pacific abalone in summer, particularly in the south of China. To understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms of thermal stress response in Pacific abalone for further analyzing its heat adaptive capacity, we subjected Pacific abalone to acute heat stress at 28°C for 6, 24, and 48 hr, respectively. A total of 2,213, 2,337, and 1,420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Pacific abalone after 6, 24, and 48 hr of thermal stress, respectively, as compared with the control group without heat stimulation. These DEGs were significantly enriched in protein folding and chaperone-mediated protein folding process, antigen processing and presentation, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways. The expression of numerous molecular chaperones was significantly upregulated after thermal stress. Maintaining cellular homeostasis through the upregulated expression of molecular chaperones associated with endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathways might be central to the defense of Pacific abalone against thermal stress. In addition, the expression of Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) genes of the TLR signaling pathway was also induced. Therefore, the Pacific abalone might activate the immune defense system to resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria by upregulating immune-related genes after thermal challenges. Our results not only contribute to a deeper understanding of heat stress regulation in the Pacific abalone but also provide basic data for molecular genetic breeding of heat-resistant abalone.
{"title":"Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Response to Acute Thermal Stress in the Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai","authors":"Zhou Wu, Yumin Yang, Liqing Zhou, Changfeng Chi, Xiujun Sun, Biao Wu, Zhihong Liu, Yan Wang","doi":"10.1155/2023/7621215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7621215","url":null,"abstract":"The Pacific abalone is an economically important cold-water shellfish. With its widespread culture, high temperature has become a key abiotic factor for the high mortality of Pacific abalone in summer, particularly in the south of China. To understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms of thermal stress response in Pacific abalone for further analyzing its heat adaptive capacity, we subjected Pacific abalone to acute heat stress at 28°C for 6, 24, and 48 hr, respectively. A total of 2,213, 2,337, and 1,420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Pacific abalone after 6, 24, and 48 hr of thermal stress, respectively, as compared with the control group without heat stimulation. These DEGs were significantly enriched in protein folding and chaperone-mediated protein folding process, antigen processing and presentation, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways. The expression of numerous molecular chaperones was significantly upregulated after thermal stress. Maintaining cellular homeostasis through the upregulated expression of molecular chaperones associated with endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathways might be central to the defense of Pacific abalone against thermal stress. In addition, the expression of Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) genes of the TLR signaling pathway was also induced. Therefore, the Pacific abalone might activate the immune defense system to resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria by upregulating immune-related genes after thermal challenges. Our results not only contribute to a deeper understanding of heat stress regulation in the Pacific abalone but also provide basic data for molecular genetic breeding of heat-resistant abalone.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42338071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hossain, Muhammed Shahjahan, Z. A. Kari, G. Téllez-Isaías
Aquaculture in Bangladesh has expanded, diversified, and intensified over the last decades. Control of infectious diseases is critical for a successful and sustainable aquaculture. In this study, we examined the extent of use of probiotics in aquaculture of Bangladesh, using a questionnaire. Data were collected from 200 individual respondents from commercial fish farms located at Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Jashore, and Cumilla (50 from each) regions. A total of 88 different probiotics products from 36 companies, mostly imported, are used in the aquaculture in Bangladesh. Although in most cases the purpose of the use of probiotics is not clear for the farm owners, several representatives of different companies suggested the use of their different probiotic products, for different situations. Most of the farm owners responded that they used probiotics to get higher production by promoting the growth of fish. A considerable number of farm owners responded that probiotics reduced mortality as well as reduced gas emissions from the aquaculture ponds. Although the use of commercial probiotics varies from region to region, Pondcare and Safegut, the product of SK + F, are mostly used in aquaculture based on the responses (32% and 21% of respondents, respectively). To safeguard and clarify the value and effectiveness of these goods, the fish feed manufacturers and regulatory authorities should monitor their production, collection, and marketing.
{"title":"Trends in the Use of Probiotics in Aquaculture of Bangladesh—Present State, Problems, and Prospects","authors":"M. Hossain, Muhammed Shahjahan, Z. A. Kari, G. Téllez-Isaías","doi":"10.1155/2023/5566980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5566980","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture in Bangladesh has expanded, diversified, and intensified over the last decades. Control of infectious diseases is critical for a successful and sustainable aquaculture. In this study, we examined the extent of use of probiotics in aquaculture of Bangladesh, using a questionnaire. Data were collected from 200 individual respondents from commercial fish farms located at Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Jashore, and Cumilla (50 from each) regions. A total of 88 different probiotics products from 36 companies, mostly imported, are used in the aquaculture in Bangladesh. Although in most cases the purpose of the use of probiotics is not clear for the farm owners, several representatives of different companies suggested the use of their different probiotic products, for different situations. Most of the farm owners responded that they used probiotics to get higher production by promoting the growth of fish. A considerable number of farm owners responded that probiotics reduced mortality as well as reduced gas emissions from the aquaculture ponds. Although the use of commercial probiotics varies from region to region, Pondcare and Safegut, the product of SK + F, are mostly used in aquaculture based on the responses (32% and 21% of respondents, respectively). To safeguard and clarify the value and effectiveness of these goods, the fish feed manufacturers and regulatory authorities should monitor their production, collection, and marketing.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45380710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Moshiur Rahman, Levi S. Lewis, N. Fangue, R. Connon, Tien‐Chieh Hung
Understanding the spawning and rearing habitats of fishes is critical to effective fisheries management and conservation. Longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys is an imperiled migratory fish that is believed to spawn and rear in habitats of varying salinities; however, optimal conditions for each stage remain unknown. Here, we examined the effects of variation in salinity on egg fertilization, hatch success, and larval growth and survival. Eggs that were fertilized in freshwater (0.4 ppt) exhibited a significantly higher fertilization rate (81%) than those fertilized in brackish water (62% at 5 ppt), with no detectible effects of fish origin or female size. In contrast to fertilization rates, once the eggs were fertilized, their hatching rates were not affected by the fertilization salinity, incubation salinity, nor their interaction; however, hatching success and larval survival both increased with increasing maternal body mass. Larval growth rate appeared to be independent of salinity and maternal size. Taken together, the results indicate that fertilization is possible at a range of salinities, but optimal at lower salinities for longfin smelt; however, embryos and larvae can perform well across a range of salinities. Furthermore, results indicated that larger mothers produced high-quality offspring, a finding that supports the “bigger is better” paradigm in fisheries science and management. These results likely explain, in part, the spawning and rearing behaviors of wild longfin smelt and suggest that the conservation culture program would likely be optimized by utilizing freshwater fertilization and larger females as broodstock.
{"title":"Effects of Salinity on Fertilization, Hatching, and Larval Performance of Longfin Smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys","authors":"Md. Moshiur Rahman, Levi S. Lewis, N. Fangue, R. Connon, Tien‐Chieh Hung","doi":"10.1155/2023/9984382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9984382","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the spawning and rearing habitats of fishes is critical to effective fisheries management and conservation. Longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys is an imperiled migratory fish that is believed to spawn and rear in habitats of varying salinities; however, optimal conditions for each stage remain unknown. Here, we examined the effects of variation in salinity on egg fertilization, hatch success, and larval growth and survival. Eggs that were fertilized in freshwater (0.4 ppt) exhibited a significantly higher fertilization rate (81%) than those fertilized in brackish water (62% at 5 ppt), with no detectible effects of fish origin or female size. In contrast to fertilization rates, once the eggs were fertilized, their hatching rates were not affected by the fertilization salinity, incubation salinity, nor their interaction; however, hatching success and larval survival both increased with increasing maternal body mass. Larval growth rate appeared to be independent of salinity and maternal size. Taken together, the results indicate that fertilization is possible at a range of salinities, but optimal at lower salinities for longfin smelt; however, embryos and larvae can perform well across a range of salinities. Furthermore, results indicated that larger mothers produced high-quality offspring, a finding that supports the “bigger is better” paradigm in fisheries science and management. These results likely explain, in part, the spawning and rearing behaviors of wild longfin smelt and suggest that the conservation culture program would likely be optimized by utilizing freshwater fertilization and larger females as broodstock.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46195207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalia Bullon, A. Seyfoddin, Seyedehsara Masoomi Dezfooli, Tim Young, A. Alfaro
Seasonal variations play a crucial role in the physiology, immune responses, and nutritional profile of aquatic animals. Unpredictable water temperature fluctuations, especially those caused by climate change, may negatively affect feed consumption and growth of cultured organisms, such as abalone. In addition, metabolic and nutritional changes across different seasons may have significant effects on aquaculture production. This study aimed to investigate biochemical and metabolic alterations in healthy abalone (Haliotis iris) during 1 year of grow out in a land-based farm in New Zealand. Proximate analyses were used to identify nutritional variations in whole animal tissues, and a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach was used to identify metabolic changes in adductor muscle of abalone during different seasons in the 1-year sampling period. Results showed that protein content was higher in warmer months compared with colder months, whereas lipid, ash, and carbohydrate contents remained generally constant throughout the year. Metabolic profile fluctuations indicated higher amounts of glutamic acid, glutathione, methionine, lysine, serine, tyrosine, and glycine in January and March compared with October and July, indicating possible amino acid breakdown and collagen degradation due to warmer temperatures. Although the proximate analyses findings revealed no signs of nutritional deficiencies in abalone among seasons, the metabolic profiles suggested possible thermal stress during summer months. This study provides a foundation for further nutritional studies to optimise seasonal diets for farmed Haliotis iris and highlights the need to monitor thermal stress effects, especially during summer and/or heatwave events.
{"title":"Nutritional and Metabolomic Changes of Juvenile Farmed Abalone (Haliotis iris) in New Zealand","authors":"Natalia Bullon, A. Seyfoddin, Seyedehsara Masoomi Dezfooli, Tim Young, A. Alfaro","doi":"10.1155/2023/3297576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3297576","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal variations play a crucial role in the physiology, immune responses, and nutritional profile of aquatic animals. Unpredictable water temperature fluctuations, especially those caused by climate change, may negatively affect feed consumption and growth of cultured organisms, such as abalone. In addition, metabolic and nutritional changes across different seasons may have significant effects on aquaculture production. This study aimed to investigate biochemical and metabolic alterations in healthy abalone (Haliotis iris) during 1 year of grow out in a land-based farm in New Zealand. Proximate analyses were used to identify nutritional variations in whole animal tissues, and a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach was used to identify metabolic changes in adductor muscle of abalone during different seasons in the 1-year sampling period. Results showed that protein content was higher in warmer months compared with colder months, whereas lipid, ash, and carbohydrate contents remained generally constant throughout the year. Metabolic profile fluctuations indicated higher amounts of glutamic acid, glutathione, methionine, lysine, serine, tyrosine, and glycine in January and March compared with October and July, indicating possible amino acid breakdown and collagen degradation due to warmer temperatures. Although the proximate analyses findings revealed no signs of nutritional deficiencies in abalone among seasons, the metabolic profiles suggested possible thermal stress during summer months. This study provides a foundation for further nutritional studies to optimise seasonal diets for farmed Haliotis iris and highlights the need to monitor thermal stress effects, especially during summer and/or heatwave events.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43927215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ondřej Malý, Iveta Zugárková, Marija Radojičić, E. Poštulková, J. Mareš
The presence of antinutritional substances, such as phytate, in fish feed affects the digestibility and absorption of minerals and nutrients by fish, while reduced availability of phosphorus (P) in wheat-based feeds used in fish farming can increase pollution in the aquatic environment. Phosphorus digestibility can be effectively increased in aquaculture through the addition of both phytase and citric acid. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of phytase enzyme and citric acid addition on P digestibility, production parameters and blood parameters in farmed common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Two trials were undertaken using the following experimental diets: control with no additives (C), low enzyme content (500 FTU/kg; L), high enzyme content (1,000 FTU/kg; H), low enzyme contents with 3% citric acid (LA), high enzyme contents with 3% citric acid (HA). Initial results showed that LA increased P digestibility by 27% and HA by 26%, with no increase detected using L and H. In the second trial, in which production and blood parameters were examined, use of LA and HA resulted in a 20% decreased feed conversion ratio and 11% higher specific growth rate. Furthermore, acidified diets resulted in an increased blood plasma calcium and inorganic P, without negative effects on any parameter. Addition of phytase and citric acid to C. carpio granulated feeds also has a positive influence on the environment by reducing excreted P.
{"title":"Increasing Phosphorus Digestibility in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Farming Using Phytase and Citric Acid","authors":"Ondřej Malý, Iveta Zugárková, Marija Radojičić, E. Poštulková, J. Mareš","doi":"10.1155/2023/4781600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4781600","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of antinutritional substances, such as phytate, in fish feed affects the digestibility and absorption of minerals and nutrients by fish, while reduced availability of phosphorus (P) in wheat-based feeds used in fish farming can increase pollution in the aquatic environment. Phosphorus digestibility can be effectively increased in aquaculture through the addition of both phytase and citric acid. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of phytase enzyme and citric acid addition on P digestibility, production parameters and blood parameters in farmed common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Two trials were undertaken using the following experimental diets: control with no additives (C), low enzyme content (500 FTU/kg; L), high enzyme content (1,000 FTU/kg; H), low enzyme contents with 3% citric acid (LA), high enzyme contents with 3% citric acid (HA). Initial results showed that LA increased P digestibility by 27% and HA by 26%, with no increase detected using L and H. In the second trial, in which production and blood parameters were examined, use of LA and HA resulted in a 20% decreased feed conversion ratio and 11% higher specific growth rate. Furthermore, acidified diets resulted in an increased blood plasma calcium and inorganic P, without negative effects on any parameter. Addition of phytase and citric acid to C. carpio granulated feeds also has a positive influence on the environment by reducing excreted P.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64795863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of phytohormone Kinetin on cell density, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes, and fatty acids composition of the microalgae Tetraselmis suecica were investigated. T. suecica was treated with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/L) of Kinetin at optimal growth conditions (salinity 28 g/L, temperature 25°C, and 24 hr photoperiod). Results indicated an increase in cell density in all treatments compared to the control; however, it was not significant, except for the treatment, 15 mg/L ( p < 0.05 ). The content of photosynthetic pigments and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, measured after 10 days, significantly increased in the presence of Kinetin ( p < 0.05 ). Total n-3 fatty acid was significantly higher at 25 mg/L of Kinetin. At 15 mg/L, arachidonic acid (ARA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were significantly higher compared to the control ( p < 0.05 ). Therefore, Kinetin could be useful for the production of the microalgae Tetraselmis suecica to increase growth, chemical composition, and antioxidant enzyme activity.
{"title":"Effect of Phytohormone Kinetin on Cell Density, Photosynthetic Pigments, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Fatty Acid Composition of the Microalgae Tetraselmis suecica","authors":"Tahereh Asghari, N. Ahmadifard, M. Nikoo","doi":"10.1155/2023/5967771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5967771","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of phytohormone Kinetin on cell density, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes, and fatty acids composition of the microalgae Tetraselmis suecica were investigated. T. suecica was treated with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/L) of Kinetin at optimal growth conditions (salinity 28 g/L, temperature 25°C, and 24 hr photoperiod). Results indicated an increase in cell density in all treatments compared to the control; however, it was not significant, except for the treatment, 15 mg/L (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ). The content of photosynthetic pigments and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, measured after 10 days, significantly increased in the presence of Kinetin (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ). Total n-3 fatty acid was significantly higher at 25 mg/L of Kinetin. At 15 mg/L, arachidonic acid (ARA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were significantly higher compared to the control (\u0000 \u0000 p\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ). Therefore, Kinetin could be useful for the production of the microalgae Tetraselmis suecica to increase growth, chemical composition, and antioxidant enzyme activity.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44312066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Liao, Qian Zhang, Yangyang Qiu, Yuxiang Zhu, Yang Liu, Hailong Huang, Deshui Chen, Bin Ma, Lin Zhang, Z. Ran, Xiaojun Yan, Jilin Xu
It is of great significance for bivalve aquaculture to promote the growth through nutritional strategy. Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a potential growth-promoting nutraceutical that targets for mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in vertebrates, but its role in invertebrates remains largely unknown. Here, the effects of PA on mTOR and metabolic pathways in bivalve mollusk Sinonovacula constricta were determined by intramuscular injection with di-18 : 2 PA and di-16 : 0 PA. PA (both di-18 : 2 and di-16 : 0 PA) was found to increase the glycogen concentration in the muscle of S. constricta. Di-16 : 0 PA decreased the triglyceride concentration from 0.143 ± 0.04 mmol/g protein to 0.040 ± 0.018 mmol/g protein. The concentration of Asp, Glu, Ala, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Phe, Arg, and Pro was reduced by di-18 : 2 PA or/and di-16 : 0 PA. PA increased the mRNA level of mTOR and the phosphorylation levels of eIF4E binding protein 1 and p70S6 kinase 1. Furthermore, PA decreased the protein level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ and the mRNA level of AMP-activated protein kinase. The mRNA expressions of two key enzymes of glycolysis (pyruvate kinase and glucokinase) were also upregulated by both PA, while the mRNA level of glucose transporter 1 was increased by di-18 : 2 PA. Di-16 : 0 PA decreased the mRNA level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The mRNA levels of sterol responsive element binding protein, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were increased by both PA. The mRNA level of stearoyl-CoA desaturase was increased by di-18 : 2 PA. Both PA species increased the mRNA levels of key enzymes involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle (citrate synthase and NADP-isocltrate debydrogenase). Our results indicated that PA activated mTOR signaling pathway, subsequently leading to the increase of anabolism and the inhibition of catabolism in S. constricta.
{"title":"Effects of Phosphatidic Acid on Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and Metabolic Pathways in Bivalve Mollusk Sinonovacula constricta","authors":"K. Liao, Qian Zhang, Yangyang Qiu, Yuxiang Zhu, Yang Liu, Hailong Huang, Deshui Chen, Bin Ma, Lin Zhang, Z. Ran, Xiaojun Yan, Jilin Xu","doi":"10.1155/2023/6666946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6666946","url":null,"abstract":"It is of great significance for bivalve aquaculture to promote the growth through nutritional strategy. Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a potential growth-promoting nutraceutical that targets for mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in vertebrates, but its role in invertebrates remains largely unknown. Here, the effects of PA on mTOR and metabolic pathways in bivalve mollusk Sinonovacula constricta were determined by intramuscular injection with di-18 : 2 PA and di-16 : 0 PA. PA (both di-18 : 2 and di-16 : 0 PA) was found to increase the glycogen concentration in the muscle of S. constricta. Di-16 : 0 PA decreased the triglyceride concentration from 0.143 ± 0.04 mmol/g protein to 0.040 ± 0.018 mmol/g protein. The concentration of Asp, Glu, Ala, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Phe, Arg, and Pro was reduced by di-18 : 2 PA or/and di-16 : 0 PA. PA increased the mRNA level of mTOR and the phosphorylation levels of eIF4E binding protein 1 and p70S6 kinase 1. Furthermore, PA decreased the protein level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ and the mRNA level of AMP-activated protein kinase. The mRNA expressions of two key enzymes of glycolysis (pyruvate kinase and glucokinase) were also upregulated by both PA, while the mRNA level of glucose transporter 1 was increased by di-18 : 2 PA. Di-16 : 0 PA decreased the mRNA level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The mRNA levels of sterol responsive element binding protein, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were increased by both PA. The mRNA level of stearoyl-CoA desaturase was increased by di-18 : 2 PA. Both PA species increased the mRNA levels of key enzymes involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle (citrate synthase and NADP-isocltrate debydrogenase). Our results indicated that PA activated mTOR signaling pathway, subsequently leading to the increase of anabolism and the inhibition of catabolism in S. constricta.","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43535848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：