APCBEE Procedia最新文献

In this research by making tree different buckets, separation effect has been analyzed. First model was a bucket with lip angle of 40 degrees and the two others were compound bucket which have two equally division in bucket width with different lip angel in each part; one of them has 20, 40 degrees angel and another one has 40, 80 degrees. The major amount of energy dissipation occurs in the region where the jet plunges into the tailwater; So the hydraulic jump sequent depth is used to evaluate energy dissipation at downstream. Experimental results showed that the compound bucket with less lip angle is more efficient. Also this paper discusses two and three-dimensional numerical modelling of bucket configurations using the CFD software Flow-3D and compares the fluid depth curves and Energy loss to corresponding physical model experimental values. The numerical model results were generally in agreement with physical model data.

The possibility of danger in any circumference is known as Hazard. The hazardous chemicals are the substances used in various engineering industries for production, analysis, research and other usages. Any unexpected event producing injury or damage in engineering industries is referred as an accident. In this study, the review of literature and details of various accidents that had happened due to hazardous chemicals in south India has been studied. Handling and environmental preventive methods for engineering chemicals are mentioned for maintaining safe working environment of the engineering industries.

The aim of this study was to investigate the recovery of oocytes by scorin and aspiration methods the cumulus oocytes complexes and denuded oocytes were collected from 2–3 mm follicles from local abattoir's ovaries Although, the scoring method yielded a significantly (P<0.0001) higher numbers (3.75 oocytes per ovary) of oocytes than the aspiration method (2.65 oocytes.ovary). However, the scoring method resulted in the large amount of debris in the medium. The debris in the culture medium may have an adverse effect the oocytes maturation in vitro. Therefore it was concluded that aspirating the avarian surface is a better method to recover to recover oocytes for in vitro studies.

With the idea of sustainable agriculture, farming is not only about the production for food security but also need to consider the impacts for the environment during farming process. Environment issue needs to be considered more for the high-altitude agriculture as they often are located at the reservoir catchment areas which are important for conserving the water resources. There are always conflicts between high-altitude agriculture development and environmental conservation. Because of the extreme climatic events, find out the balance between these two issues becomes an urgent target for the government recently.

Thus, data envelopment analysis (DEA), which can evaluate the decision-making unit with multiple inputs and multiple outputs, was applied to assess economic and environmental factors in this research. The results of farm environmental efficiency score present the land use efficiency of each village under these two conflict issues. It can help government to reveal the un-efficiency area which should be improved first. Furthermore, the slack analysis of DEA reveals that reduction of pollution is the most important issue in the area.

The effects of partial replacement of wheat flour with young corn ear (YCE) on nutritional composition and physical characteristics of chiffon cake were investigated. Dried YCE was processed into powdered form and added in chiffon cake formulations to partially replace wheat flour at concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 30%. The nutritional composition, especially moisture and ash contents of chiffon cake added with YCE were increased in line with the levels of YCE used. Even though protein content of cake added with YCE increase in line (13.3 to 15.7%) with the levels of YCE (10 to 30%), but there was no significant different compared to control. Replacing partially wheat flour with YCE up to 30% resulted in insignificant changes in both dough yield and baking loss rate. However, specific gravity was unchanged (0.59-0.60 g/ml) when the wheat flour replaced with YCE up to 20% in cake formulations. Meanwhile, all textural attributes (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and resilience) were not affected when cakes prepared with 10% YCE. In summary, partial replacement of wheat flour with YCE improves some nutritional composition but unchanged physical properties at 10% replacement. Thus, this under-utilized agricultural by-product can be suggested as an alternative ingredient in enhancement of dietary fibres in food products.

Uranium contamination of soils and water is a worldwide problem due to geology or anthropogenic release such as mining, or use of inorganic fertilizers. In situ remediation of low and moderately contaminated sites is a complicated procedure due to the complex chemistry of uranium. This study demonstrates that at pH 3.5, a fungal strain isolated from unprocessed uranium bearing shale creates hydrochemical conditions that immobilize 97% of a total of 10 mg L^-1 dissolved uranium in a 0.20 μm pore system. The redistribution occurred within 10 minutes and remained for five weeks and just 12% of the inventory was retrieved in the biomass. Size exclusion chromatography of the dissolved phase identified organic substances in the range of more than 60 kD down to 100 D as a response to time of incubation. Geochemical modeling indicates formation of uranium-organic complexes where ligand size, coordination chemistry and their tendency to agglomerate determine the redistribution.

γ-Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) has been reported to be an effective biosorbent for metal ions. In vitro binding of lead (II) (Pb) by γ-PGA produced from Bacillus subtilis NBRC16449 was examined and the effect of Pb and γ-PGA on Brassica chinensis L. grown in the laboratory was investigated. The results revealed that the optimal pH for Pb adsorption was 5.0. γ-PGA was stable at 35-50 °C and pH 5-7. The maximum removal efficiency was 87.9%. Brassica chinensis L. seeds were germinated and grown at 28±1 ^oC on filter paper soaked with Pb solution at 0, 50, 100 and 250 μM and γ-PGA at 0, 100, 500 and 1,000 mg/L for 7 days. The results indicated that Pb markedly inhibited growth of roots by reducing root length (P<0.05). However; the addition of 500 mg/L γ-PGA significantly protected seedlings from the adverse effects of Pb (P<0.05). Thus, γ-PGA has high potential as a biopolymer to be used for alleviation of Pb toxicities in plants.

Atmospheric aerosols affect climate of the Earth, scatter sunlight and serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Yet the reason for many observed events of new aerosol formation is not understood. One of the ideas put forward to explain these events is that the presence of SO₄^2- can enhance the formation of aerosols. These sulphate aerosols form partly during the oxidation of the oceanic emission Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) into the atmosphere and partly from volcanoes, plants and soils, fossil fuel combustion, and biomass burning. In this paper, laboratory experiments on warm cloud formation with different acid ion density are presented. The results show that the lifetime of cloud is reduced by increasing density of SO₄^2-, but this changes is not significant (significance level, P=0.578), while the cloud concentration is significantly changed with the decreasing of density of SO₄^2- (P=0.001). There is also a good significant correlation between cloud concentration with the maximum temperature change, with correlation coefficient, r=0.646 (p=0.004).

This article reports on the beetle diversity and abundance study conducted during 2009 and 2010 in three alfalfa fields located near Lozova, Ivancea and Trebujeni in the central part of the Republic of Moldova. All insects were collected using pitfall traps and sweeping techniques. In total, 843 beetle specimens were collected, representing 63 species from 49 genera and 12 families. The largest family was Curculionidae, followed by Scarabaeidae, Carabidae, Coccinellidae, Silphidae, Cerambycidae, Dermestidae, Staphylinidae, Tenebrionidae and Trogidae. Weevils (Curculionoidea) also, represented the greatest proportion in terms of number of individuals. During the present study captured beetles from all three localities were compared and Shannon indices were calculated as a measure of diversity within the habitat. The Shannon diversity index has been found maximum (1.035) in Trebujeni, moderate (1.017) in Ivancea and low (0.936) in Lozova. Five of the recorded species are known to feed on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and cause serious damage in the Republic of Moldova: Sitona lineatus, S. inops, Hypera postica, Protapion trifolii, Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata. Of these, S. inops is thought to represent the greatest potential threat based on adult abundance at all three sites and the negative impact of this species. A significant number of beetles collected during this study are adventive species associated with forest ecosystems of the Republic of Moldova.

Critical depth is an important parameter in the design, operation and maintenance of open channels and analysis of gradually varied flow. For horseshoe cross section channels, the governing equations are highly nonlinear in the critical flow depth and thus solution of the implicit equations involves time consuming numerical methods. In current research, through conversion of critical depth equation to an objective function and then its minimization by using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, we calculate critical depth in horseshoe channels. The accuracy of the proposed model was also evaluated by comparing with existing equations. Furthermore this method can be used to deal with other optimization problems in hydraulic engineering.