APCBEE Procedia最新文献

Gas transmission rate through fruit peel is needed to understand gas exchange between fruit and the environment. It can be used to design packaging material and formulate edible coatings to be used by the fruit. It can also be used to predict oxygen consumption and possible carbon dioxide injury which could affect ripening and could predict the internal gas level inside the fruit. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transmission rates (O2TR and CO2TR) of mango (Mangifera indica, L.) peel at different stages of maturity and ripeness which were stored under two temperature regimes were measured using gas diffusion chamber. Nitrogen gas was flushed inside the chamber to decrease the oxygen level. Then a gas mixture of known concentration was flushed in the chamber and the concentration inside the chamber was measured through time. The Exponential Decay Method of Gas Transmission Rate of Films as described by Moyls (1992) was used to relate partial pressure of the gas concentration inside the chamber and the outside condition. Results showed that overmature fruit peel-PCI3 under 27 °C had the highest O₂TR and CO₂TR (1.636 mLO₂/cm²-hr - 4.744 mLCO2/cm²-hr) while immature fruit peel-PCI1 under 14 °C had the lowest O₂TR and CO₂TR (1.104 mLO₂/cm²-hr - 3.321 mLO₂/cm²-hr). At constant temperature, gas transmission rates increase with maturity and as the fruit peel turns yellow.

This research work investigated the photocatalytic nitrate reduction under the system using Fe-TiO₂ thin film catalyst with formic acid as the hole scavenger and irradiation with black-light fluorescence lamps. The Fe-TiO₂ thin films with 0.1% weight by volume (w/v) of Fe as dopant were coated onto the 304 stainless steel surface by the sol-gel method. The system showed the overall nitrate removal efficiency of 70.44% with the net photocatalytic nitrate reduction efficiency of 65.97%. The stoichiometric ratio of net formate to nitrate was 2.86 to 1.0, which is close to the theoretical ratio of 2.5 to 1.0 for nitrate reduction to nitrogen gas. The presence of nitrite in the system together with the aforementioned formate to nitrate ratio indicated that the main mechanism of nitrate removal was nitrate reduction to nitrogen gas.

The diversity of adult Trichoptera was surveyed at Mae Tao and Mae Ku watersheds, northern Thailand during July 2011 to May 2012. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between physicochemical parameters of water quality and adult Trichoptera for monitoring of water quality. A total of 9,475 adult Trichoptera representing 14 families and 126 species were collected. The correlation between the biodiversity of adult Trichoptera and water quality showed that the Ecnomus jojachin, Cheumatopsyche carmentis, C. chryseis, C. lucida, C. chrysothemis, C. dhanikari, Potamyia dryope, Leptocerus dirghachuka, L. trophonios, L. ganymedes, Oecetis scutulata, O. armadillo, O. raghava, O. asmada, O. tripunctata, Setodes flivialis, S. neptunus, S. endymion, S. okypete, Chimarra chiangmaiensis, Paduniella semarangensis, Lepidostoma doligung, Polyplectropus ahas, Psychomyia lak, Marilia sumatrana, Hydroptila thuna and Orthrotrichia typhoeus depended on some physicochemical factors including air temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, sulfate, nitrate-nitrogen, orthrophosphate, ammonia-nitrogen and alkalinity in water.

The aim of this study was to investigate the recovery of oocytes by scorin and aspiration methods the cumulus oocytes complexes and denuded oocytes were collected from 2–3 mm follicles from local abattoir's ovaries Although, the scoring method yielded a significantly (P<0.0001) higher numbers (3.75 oocytes per ovary) of oocytes than the aspiration method (2.65 oocytes.ovary). However, the scoring method resulted in the large amount of debris in the medium. The debris in the culture medium may have an adverse effect the oocytes maturation in vitro. Therefore it was concluded that aspirating the avarian surface is a better method to recover to recover oocytes for in vitro studies.

In this research by making tree different buckets, separation effect has been analyzed. First model was a bucket with lip angle of 40 degrees and the two others were compound bucket which have two equally division in bucket width with different lip angel in each part; one of them has 20, 40 degrees angel and another one has 40, 80 degrees. The major amount of energy dissipation occurs in the region where the jet plunges into the tailwater; So the hydraulic jump sequent depth is used to evaluate energy dissipation at downstream. Experimental results showed that the compound bucket with less lip angle is more efficient. Also this paper discusses two and three-dimensional numerical modelling of bucket configurations using the CFD software Flow-3D and compares the fluid depth curves and Energy loss to corresponding physical model experimental values. The numerical model results were generally in agreement with physical model data.

Atmospheric aerosols affect climate of the Earth, scatter sunlight and serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Yet the reason for many observed events of new aerosol formation is not understood. One of the ideas put forward to explain these events is that the presence of SO₄^2- can enhance the formation of aerosols. These sulphate aerosols form partly during the oxidation of the oceanic emission Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) into the atmosphere and partly from volcanoes, plants and soils, fossil fuel combustion, and biomass burning. In this paper, laboratory experiments on warm cloud formation with different acid ion density are presented. The results show that the lifetime of cloud is reduced by increasing density of SO₄^2-, but this changes is not significant (significance level, P=0.578), while the cloud concentration is significantly changed with the decreasing of density of SO₄^2- (P=0.001). There is also a good significant correlation between cloud concentration with the maximum temperature change, with correlation coefficient, r=0.646 (p=0.004).

The effects of partial replacement of wheat flour with young corn ear (YCE) on nutritional composition and physical characteristics of chiffon cake were investigated. Dried YCE was processed into powdered form and added in chiffon cake formulations to partially replace wheat flour at concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 30%. The nutritional composition, especially moisture and ash contents of chiffon cake added with YCE were increased in line with the levels of YCE used. Even though protein content of cake added with YCE increase in line (13.3 to 15.7%) with the levels of YCE (10 to 30%), but there was no significant different compared to control. Replacing partially wheat flour with YCE up to 30% resulted in insignificant changes in both dough yield and baking loss rate. However, specific gravity was unchanged (0.59-0.60 g/ml) when the wheat flour replaced with YCE up to 20% in cake formulations. Meanwhile, all textural attributes (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and resilience) were not affected when cakes prepared with 10% YCE. In summary, partial replacement of wheat flour with YCE improves some nutritional composition but unchanged physical properties at 10% replacement. Thus, this under-utilized agricultural by-product can be suggested as an alternative ingredient in enhancement of dietary fibres in food products.

The possibility of danger in any circumference is known as Hazard. The hazardous chemicals are the substances used in various engineering industries for production, analysis, research and other usages. Any unexpected event producing injury or damage in engineering industries is referred as an accident. In this study, the review of literature and details of various accidents that had happened due to hazardous chemicals in south India has been studied. Handling and environmental preventive methods for engineering chemicals are mentioned for maintaining safe working environment of the engineering industries.

Uranium contamination of soils and water is a worldwide problem due to geology or anthropogenic release such as mining, or use of inorganic fertilizers. In situ remediation of low and moderately contaminated sites is a complicated procedure due to the complex chemistry of uranium. This study demonstrates that at pH 3.5, a fungal strain isolated from unprocessed uranium bearing shale creates hydrochemical conditions that immobilize 97% of a total of 10 mg L^-1 dissolved uranium in a 0.20 μm pore system. The redistribution occurred within 10 minutes and remained for five weeks and just 12% of the inventory was retrieved in the biomass. Size exclusion chromatography of the dissolved phase identified organic substances in the range of more than 60 kD down to 100 D as a response to time of incubation. Geochemical modeling indicates formation of uranium-organic complexes where ligand size, coordination chemistry and their tendency to agglomerate determine the redistribution.

This article reports on the beetle diversity and abundance study conducted during 2009 and 2010 in three alfalfa fields located near Lozova, Ivancea and Trebujeni in the central part of the Republic of Moldova. All insects were collected using pitfall traps and sweeping techniques. In total, 843 beetle specimens were collected, representing 63 species from 49 genera and 12 families. The largest family was Curculionidae, followed by Scarabaeidae, Carabidae, Coccinellidae, Silphidae, Cerambycidae, Dermestidae, Staphylinidae, Tenebrionidae and Trogidae. Weevils (Curculionoidea) also, represented the greatest proportion in terms of number of individuals. During the present study captured beetles from all three localities were compared and Shannon indices were calculated as a measure of diversity within the habitat. The Shannon diversity index has been found maximum (1.035) in Trebujeni, moderate (1.017) in Ivancea and low (0.936) in Lozova. Five of the recorded species are known to feed on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and cause serious damage in the Republic of Moldova: Sitona lineatus, S. inops, Hypera postica, Protapion trifolii, Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata. Of these, S. inops is thought to represent the greatest potential threat based on adult abundance at all three sites and the negative impact of this species. A significant number of beetles collected during this study are adventive species associated with forest ecosystems of the Republic of Moldova.