A. Rodríguez-Illamola, J. Mı́guez, J. Coimbra, JM Wilson
The present study investigates the response of the hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT), the non-mammalian antidiuretic hormone, to the acclimation of fish to high hydrostatic pressure (5.1 MPa). Two fish species with different osmoregulatory strategies, the lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula, a marine osmoconforming chondrichthyan species adapted for migration to deep waters, and the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, a pressuresensitive freshwater species, were selected for study. Fish were exposed to hydrostatic pressures of either 0.1 (control) or 5.1 MPa in hydrostatic chambers for up to 2 wk at their appropriate salinities. Plasma cortisol was measured in trout, and plasma chloride, sodium and potassium were measured in both fish species. A transient high level of plasma AVT was found in dogfish and in trout after 1 and 3 d of exposure to high hydrostatic pressure, which returned to basal levels by 14 d of exposure. In contrast, pituitary AVT content was reduced after shortterm exposure in dogfish, while in trout, lower expression was found in high pressure than in control conditions, independently of exposure time. In dogfish, pituitary AVT levels recovered by 14 d under high hydrostatic pressure. No changes in plasma cortisol (trout) or ions (both species) were observed. These initial increases of the AVT release from the pituitary during fish acclimation to high pressure suggest that it works as a physiological short-term response to reduce water loss and equilibrate ion osmotic balance.
{"title":"High hydrostatic pressure effects on arginine vasotocin levels in fish","authors":"A. Rodríguez-Illamola, J. Mı́guez, J. Coimbra, JM Wilson","doi":"10.3354/ab00734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00734","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the response of the hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT), the non-mammalian antidiuretic hormone, to the acclimation of fish to high hydrostatic pressure (5.1 MPa). Two fish species with different osmoregulatory strategies, the lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula, a marine osmoconforming chondrichthyan species adapted for migration to deep waters, and the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, a pressuresensitive freshwater species, were selected for study. Fish were exposed to hydrostatic pressures of either 0.1 (control) or 5.1 MPa in hydrostatic chambers for up to 2 wk at their appropriate salinities. Plasma cortisol was measured in trout, and plasma chloride, sodium and potassium were measured in both fish species. A transient high level of plasma AVT was found in dogfish and in trout after 1 and 3 d of exposure to high hydrostatic pressure, which returned to basal levels by 14 d of exposure. In contrast, pituitary AVT content was reduced after shortterm exposure in dogfish, while in trout, lower expression was found in high pressure than in control conditions, independently of exposure time. In dogfish, pituitary AVT levels recovered by 14 d under high hydrostatic pressure. No changes in plasma cortisol (trout) or ions (both species) were observed. These initial increases of the AVT release from the pituitary during fish acclimation to high pressure suggest that it works as a physiological short-term response to reduce water loss and equilibrate ion osmotic balance.","PeriodicalId":8111,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84710887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Cong, X. Zang, M. Dong, Z. Wang, B. He, L. Hou, X. Wei, F. Zhang, M. Shang, Z. Yangzong, R. Li, X. Zhang
Phytoene and astaxanthin are 2 important carotenoids in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Under environmental stress, the synthesis of phytoene in H. pluvialis increases significantly, and phytoene is converted to astaxanthin through enzymatic catalysis. This paper analyzes the relationship between astaxanthin and phytoene accumulation in carotenoid synthesis pathways under different concentrations of sodium acetate (NaAc) by high-performance liquid chromatography. The highest concentrations of phytoene and astaxanthin were observed at the NaAc concentration of 6 g l−1 on the 12th day of induction. The highest astaxanthin concentration achieved was 2.26 ± 0.28%. Therefore, we concluded that 6 g l−1 NaAc and induction for 12 d provided the optimal inducing conditions for astaxanthin accumulation in H. pluvialis. psy, pds, lcyB, β-carotene ketolase crtw, and crtz, which are genes related to phytoene and astaxanthin synthesis, were cloned and studied at the transcriptional level. crtw and crtz were continuously up-regulated since the first day of induction, while psy, pds, and lcyB were continuously up-regulated starting on the 3rd day of induction. These findings are important for enhancing our understanding of the mechanism of accumulation of phytoene and astaxanthin in H. pluvialis and provide a foundation for identifying the induction conditions necessary for optimizing astaxanthin production and increasing astaxanthin yields.
植物烯和虾青素是绿藻雨红球藻中两种重要的类胡萝卜素。在环境胁迫下，雨水杨中植物烯的合成显著增加，植物烯通过酶催化转化为虾青素。采用高效液相色谱法分析了不同浓度乙酸钠(NaAc)作用下类胡萝卜素合成途径中虾青素与植物烯积累的关系。诱导第12天NaAc浓度为6 g l−1时，植物烯和虾青素含量最高。最高虾青素浓度为2.26±0.28%。综上所述，6 g l−1 NaAc诱导12 d为雨水杨虾青素积累的最佳诱导条件。克隆了植物烯和虾青素合成相关基因psy、pds、lcyB、β-胡萝卜素酮化酶crtw和crtz，并在转录水平上进行了研究。crtw、crtz自诱导第1天开始持续上调，而psy、pds、lcyB自诱导第3天开始持续上调。这些发现对于进一步了解雨水杨中植物烯和虾青素的积累机制具有重要意义，并为确定优化虾青素产量和提高虾青素产量所需的诱导条件提供了基础。
{"title":"Accumulation of phytoene and astaxanthin and related genes expression in Haematococcus pluvialis under sodium acetate stress","authors":"X. Cong, X. Zang, M. Dong, Z. Wang, B. He, L. Hou, X. Wei, F. Zhang, M. Shang, Z. Yangzong, R. Li, X. Zhang","doi":"10.3354/ab00733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00733","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoene and astaxanthin are 2 important carotenoids in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Under environmental stress, the synthesis of phytoene in H. pluvialis increases significantly, and phytoene is converted to astaxanthin through enzymatic catalysis. This paper analyzes the relationship between astaxanthin and phytoene accumulation in carotenoid synthesis pathways under different concentrations of sodium acetate (NaAc) by high-performance liquid chromatography. The highest concentrations of phytoene and astaxanthin were observed at the NaAc concentration of 6 g l−1 on the 12th day of induction. The highest astaxanthin concentration achieved was 2.26 ± 0.28%. Therefore, we concluded that 6 g l−1 NaAc and induction for 12 d provided the optimal inducing conditions for astaxanthin accumulation in H. pluvialis. psy, pds, lcyB, β-carotene ketolase crtw, and crtz, which are genes related to phytoene and astaxanthin synthesis, were cloned and studied at the transcriptional level. crtw and crtz were continuously up-regulated since the first day of induction, while psy, pds, and lcyB were continuously up-regulated starting on the 3rd day of induction. These findings are important for enhancing our understanding of the mechanism of accumulation of phytoene and astaxanthin in H. pluvialis and provide a foundation for identifying the induction conditions necessary for optimizing astaxanthin production and increasing astaxanthin yields.","PeriodicalId":8111,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82530541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs perform important ecological roles by coupling pelagic and benthic systems during their feeding activities. Particle capture, and thus feeding, is dependent on particle encounter and retention on the gill filaments, with several factors influencing this process. Over the past 30 yr, different types of synthetic microspheres have been used to examine aspects of particle capture and ingestion by bivalves. Critics of this work have posited that manufactured particles may contain surfactants, chemicals commonly used in manufacturing to reduce surface tension, that could produce spurious capture and ingestion rates. The goal of this work was to experimentally assess whether the presence of different types of surfactants on manufactured polystyrene particles can result in instantaneous effects on particle capture by the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. The effects of 3 different types of common surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, benzalkonium chloride, Triton-X) on clearance rates (CR) and capture efficiencies (CE) were tested. Results indicated that none of the surfactant treatments had an effect on CR. Treatment with one of the surfactants (Triton-X) significantly lowered CE for 3 μm sized spheres compared to the control spheres (Milli-Q treated). None of the other tested surfactants significantly affected CE when compared to the control treatment. These data add to an understanding of particle handling by bivalves, and suggest that concentrations of surfactants found on commercially available microspheres used for experiments or found in the environment have little immediate effect on feeding processes.
{"title":"Examining effects of surfactants on particle clearance rate and capture efficiency of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis","authors":"M. Rosa, Y. Flores, K. Sierra, B. Torres, J. Ward","doi":"10.3354/ab00735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00735","url":null,"abstract":"Suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs perform important ecological roles by coupling pelagic and benthic systems during their feeding activities. Particle capture, and thus feeding, is dependent on particle encounter and retention on the gill filaments, with several factors influencing this process. Over the past 30 yr, different types of synthetic microspheres have been used to examine aspects of particle capture and ingestion by bivalves. Critics of this work have posited that manufactured particles may contain surfactants, chemicals commonly used in manufacturing to reduce surface tension, that could produce spurious capture and ingestion rates. The goal of this work was to experimentally assess whether the presence of different types of surfactants on manufactured polystyrene particles can result in instantaneous effects on particle capture by the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. The effects of 3 different types of common surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, benzalkonium chloride, Triton-X) on clearance rates (CR) and capture efficiencies (CE) were tested. Results indicated that none of the surfactant treatments had an effect on CR. Treatment with one of the surfactants (Triton-X) significantly lowered CE for 3 μm sized spheres compared to the control spheres (Milli-Q treated). None of the other tested surfactants significantly affected CE when compared to the control treatment. These data add to an understanding of particle handling by bivalves, and suggest that concentrations of surfactants found on commercially available microspheres used for experiments or found in the environment have little immediate effect on feeding processes.","PeriodicalId":8111,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76478778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Zeng, Krista M Tanaka, M. Mazur, K. Wang, Y. Chen, S. Zhang
Reef fish are highly valuable to human society — socially, nutritionally and economically. However, they are vulnerable to both overfishing and habitat degradation. Understanding the community structure and habitat associations of reef fish is important for their management and conservation. Using a gillnet survey conducted in a subtropical rocky reef area of Ma’an Archipelago, China, we developed habitat models linking reef fish diversity and community composition with habitat factors. The parsimonious generalized additive model results showed that higher reef fish diversity was associated with southern shallower water, temperature of 25°C, lower levels of dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a, and rock bottom type. The multivariate generalized linear model identified that month, depth, bottom type, and location significantly influenced the local reef fish; these habitat variables explained 18% of the variation in reef fish community composition. However, the lack of strong patterns and correlations between species derived from the joint species distribution model revealed that reefs within our study area are difficult to classify based on habitat-driven patterns in their associated reef fish assemblages. These findings enhance our understanding of the habitat effects on reef fish diversity and community composition and have relevance for the management of reef fish, including habitat zonation and deployment of artificial reefs.
{"title":"Effects of habitat on reef fishes biodiversity and composition in rocky reefs","authors":"X. Zeng, Krista M Tanaka, M. Mazur, K. Wang, Y. Chen, S. Zhang","doi":"10.3354/ab00731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00731","url":null,"abstract":"Reef fish are highly valuable to human society — socially, nutritionally and economically. However, they are vulnerable to both overfishing and habitat degradation. Understanding the community structure and habitat associations of reef fish is important for their management and conservation. Using a gillnet survey conducted in a subtropical rocky reef area of Ma’an Archipelago, China, we developed habitat models linking reef fish diversity and community composition with habitat factors. The parsimonious generalized additive model results showed that higher reef fish diversity was associated with southern shallower water, temperature of 25°C, lower levels of dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a, and rock bottom type. The multivariate generalized linear model identified that month, depth, bottom type, and location significantly influenced the local reef fish; these habitat variables explained 18% of the variation in reef fish community composition. However, the lack of strong patterns and correlations between species derived from the joint species distribution model revealed that reefs within our study area are difficult to classify based on habitat-driven patterns in their associated reef fish assemblages. These findings enhance our understanding of the habitat effects on reef fish diversity and community composition and have relevance for the management of reef fish, including habitat zonation and deployment of artificial reefs.","PeriodicalId":8111,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86993159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In coastal marsh ecosystems, high salinities, anoxic waterlogged soils, and elevated summer temperatures often promote physiological strain that results in only a few tolerant halophytic species. Although not well understood, plant physiological responses to multiple stressors can be complex and may involve intensifying or offsetting reactions. In this study, we investigated physiological responses to combined salinity and high temperature in the coastal marsh graminoid Sporobolus pumilus (syn. Spartina patens). Specifically, we considered changes in plant–water relations and Photosystem II (PSII) behavior (involving chlorophyll [chl] a fluorescence) in heatshocked plants that were acclimated to different salinities (0, 15, and 30 psu). Higher salinities fostered lower stomatal conductance (g), lower leaf-water potential (Ψleaf) and lower tissue-water content (θ), as well as decreased potential quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and decreased excitation energy capture efficiencies of open reaction centers (Fv’/Fm’). Heat-shocked plants acclimated to freshwater only had decreased Fv/Fm and PSII performance index (PIABS). Interestingly, there were no changes in chl a fluorescent outputs in heat-shocked plants acclimated to moderate salinities, and minimal changes in plants acclimated to high salinities. Approximately 25% of the heat-shocked S. pumilus in freshwater revealed a K-step in their polyphasic chl a fluorescent transients (OJIP procedure); K-steps were not observed in salt-treated plants. This suggests that, for plants residing in freshwater, heat-shock promoted disturbances in the PSII reaction centers and, in some cases, disrupted the oxygen-evolving complex. These PSII disruptions were either absent or less intense in salinity-treated plants, indicating that acclimation to environmental salts may provide PSII thermostability in S. pumilus.
{"title":"Enhanced thermotolerance of photosystem II by elevated pore-water salinity in the coastal marsh graminoid Sporobolus pumilus","authors":"B. Touchette, S. Schmitt, J. G. Moody","doi":"10.3354/ab00730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00730","url":null,"abstract":"In coastal marsh ecosystems, high salinities, anoxic waterlogged soils, and elevated summer temperatures often promote physiological strain that results in only a few tolerant halophytic species. Although not well understood, plant physiological responses to multiple stressors can be complex and may involve intensifying or offsetting reactions. In this study, we investigated physiological responses to combined salinity and high temperature in the coastal marsh graminoid Sporobolus pumilus (syn. Spartina patens). Specifically, we considered changes in plant–water relations and Photosystem II (PSII) behavior (involving chlorophyll [chl] a fluorescence) in heatshocked plants that were acclimated to different salinities (0, 15, and 30 psu). Higher salinities fostered lower stomatal conductance (g), lower leaf-water potential (Ψleaf) and lower tissue-water content (θ), as well as decreased potential quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and decreased excitation energy capture efficiencies of open reaction centers (Fv’/Fm’). Heat-shocked plants acclimated to freshwater only had decreased Fv/Fm and PSII performance index (PIABS). Interestingly, there were no changes in chl a fluorescent outputs in heat-shocked plants acclimated to moderate salinities, and minimal changes in plants acclimated to high salinities. Approximately 25% of the heat-shocked S. pumilus in freshwater revealed a K-step in their polyphasic chl a fluorescent transients (OJIP procedure); K-steps were not observed in salt-treated plants. This suggests that, for plants residing in freshwater, heat-shock promoted disturbances in the PSII reaction centers and, in some cases, disrupted the oxygen-evolving complex. These PSII disruptions were either absent or less intense in salinity-treated plants, indicating that acclimation to environmental salts may provide PSII thermostability in S. pumilus.","PeriodicalId":8111,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89713292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiashen Tian, Jing Du, Jiabo Han, Zhen Wang, Zhiyu Fu, Zhichuang Lu
Rescuing seal pups is an important conservation action for spotted seals Phoca largha. Gut microbiota are directly associated with host health and diet metabolism. Therefore, knowledge gained from gut microbiota variations of spotted seal pups held in captivity after rescue can help formulate comprehensive rescue plans for the future. In this study, we collected feces from a rescued spotted seal pup every 3 d during the rescue process. Fecal bacterial communities were measured by high-throughput sequencing based on 16S rRNA amplification. Firmicutes were the most dominant bacteria, comprising >70% of the total gut microbiota. Moreover, differences in fecal bacterial communities of the rescued spotted seal pup between rescue and release were compared. At release, the abundances of 2 potential bacteria related to gut health, Blautia producta and Cetobacterium somerae, were remarkably lower, while Clostridium perfringens, a key mammalian pathogen, was significantly higher in the feces of the released pup. Moreover, the pup experienced a bout of diarrhea during its time in captivity, which resulted in a momentary change in its gut microbiota. Fusobacterium was recognized as a potential causative pathogen for the diarrhea. This study contributes to our understanding of gut microbiota variations in spotted seal pups during the rescue period.
{"title":"Gut microbiota variations in a rescued spotted seal Phoca largha pup","authors":"Jiashen Tian, Jing Du, Jiabo Han, Zhen Wang, Zhiyu Fu, Zhichuang Lu","doi":"10.3354/ab00729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00729","url":null,"abstract":"Rescuing seal pups is an important conservation action for spotted seals Phoca largha. Gut microbiota are directly associated with host health and diet metabolism. Therefore, knowledge gained from gut microbiota variations of spotted seal pups held in captivity after rescue can help formulate comprehensive rescue plans for the future. In this study, we collected feces from a rescued spotted seal pup every 3 d during the rescue process. Fecal bacterial communities were measured by high-throughput sequencing based on 16S rRNA amplification. Firmicutes were the most dominant bacteria, comprising >70% of the total gut microbiota. Moreover, differences in fecal bacterial communities of the rescued spotted seal pup between rescue and release were compared. At release, the abundances of 2 potential bacteria related to gut health, Blautia producta and Cetobacterium somerae, were remarkably lower, while Clostridium perfringens, a key mammalian pathogen, was significantly higher in the feces of the released pup. Moreover, the pup experienced a bout of diarrhea during its time in captivity, which resulted in a momentary change in its gut microbiota. Fusobacterium was recognized as a potential causative pathogen for the diarrhea. This study contributes to our understanding of gut microbiota variations in spotted seal pups during the rescue period.","PeriodicalId":8111,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84471161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Staaterman, A. J. Gallagher, P. Holder, C. H. Reid, A. Altieri, M. Ogburn, J. Rummer, S. Cooke
Aquatic anthropogenic noise is on the rise, with growing concern about its impact on species that are sensitive to low-frequency sounds (e.g. most fish and invertebrates). We investigated whether the reef fish Halichoeres bivittatus living in both noisy and quiet areas had differing levels of baseline stress (measured as whole-body cortisol) and whether they would exhibit a physiological stress response when exposed to boat noise playbacks. While the playback experiments significantly increased cortisol levels in fish from our experiment compared to baseline levels, there were minimal pairwise differences across treatments and no difference in baseline stress for fish living in noisy vs. quiet areas. These results may be explained by low overall auditory sensitivity, habituation to a fairly noisy environment (due to biological sounds), or that boat noise simply may not represent an immediate threat to survival in this species. These findings contrast recent studies that have shown elevated stress responses in fishes when exposed to boat noise and highlights that inter-specific differences must be considered when evaluating potential impacts of anthropogenic noise on marine life.
{"title":"Exposure to boat noise in the field yields minimal stress response in wild reef fish","authors":"E. Staaterman, A. J. Gallagher, P. Holder, C. H. Reid, A. Altieri, M. Ogburn, J. Rummer, S. Cooke","doi":"10.3354/ab00728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00728","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic anthropogenic noise is on the rise, with growing concern about its impact on species that are sensitive to low-frequency sounds (e.g. most fish and invertebrates). We investigated whether the reef fish Halichoeres bivittatus living in both noisy and quiet areas had differing levels of baseline stress (measured as whole-body cortisol) and whether they would exhibit a physiological stress response when exposed to boat noise playbacks. While the playback experiments significantly increased cortisol levels in fish from our experiment compared to baseline levels, there were minimal pairwise differences across treatments and no difference in baseline stress for fish living in noisy vs. quiet areas. These results may be explained by low overall auditory sensitivity, habituation to a fairly noisy environment (due to biological sounds), or that boat noise simply may not represent an immediate threat to survival in this species. These findings contrast recent studies that have shown elevated stress responses in fishes when exposed to boat noise and highlights that inter-specific differences must be considered when evaluating potential impacts of anthropogenic noise on marine life.","PeriodicalId":8111,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76254352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Sarasquete, M. Ubeda-Manzanaro, J. Ortiz-Delgado
Most research into the effects of phytochemical isoflavones has focussed on endo crine disruptions, and especially on oestrogenic imbalances; however, little is known about their effects on other molecular signals such as transcriptional coregulators and choriolytic enzymatic pathways, which are also important in reproductive processes. In male and female zebrafish Danio rerio, the soya isoflavones genistein and daidzein (provided at 10 mg l−1 for 15 d) modulated the basal expression levels of oestrogen receptor transcripts (ERβ) in variable and differential ways. Exposure to genistein resulted in decreased levels of ERβ in the zebrafish ovary; conversely, this isoflavone increased the basal expression levels of the hatching enzyme (HE1) in both gonads. On the other hand, daidzein increased the basal expression levels of the bromodomain testisspecific gene (BRDT) in the male gonad, but not in the ovary. Both isoflavones also differentially modulated (up−down regulations) the basal expression patterns of the 3 molecular signals studied in other regions of the body (e.g. head, digestive system, skeletal musculature). Despite all these transcriptional imbalances, neither of the phytoestrogens modified gonadal histomorphology or the baseline histochemical pattern of proteins, carbohydrates and glycoconjugates distributed in either the vitelline structures or in the developing and maturing germ cells of Danio rerio.
大多数关于植物化学异黄酮影响的研究都集中在内源性犯罪破坏，特别是雌激素失衡;然而，它们对其他分子信号的影响知之甚少，如转录共调节因子和绒毛膜溶酶途径，这些在生殖过程中也很重要。在雄性和雌性斑马鱼中，大豆异黄酮染料木素和大豆黄酮(10 mg l - 1)以不同的和不同的方式调节雌激素受体转录物(ERβ)的基础表达水平。暴露于染料木黄酮导致斑马鱼卵巢ERβ水平降低;相反，这种异黄酮增加了两个性腺中孵化酶(HE1)的基础表达水平。另一方面，大豆苷元增加了雄性性腺中溴域睾丸特异性基因(BRDT)的基础表达水平，而在卵巢中没有。这两种异黄酮还可以差异调节(上下调节)身体其他部位(如头部、消化系统、骨骼肌)中3种分子信号的基本表达模式。尽管存在这些转录失衡，但这两种植物雌激素都没有改变雄猴卵磷脂结构或发育和成熟生殖细胞中蛋白质、碳水化合物和糖缀合物的基本组织化学模式。
{"title":"Soya isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, induce differential transcriptional modulation in the ovary and testis of zebrafish Danio rerio","authors":"C. Sarasquete, M. Ubeda-Manzanaro, J. Ortiz-Delgado","doi":"10.3354/ab00726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00726","url":null,"abstract":"Most research into the effects of phytochemical isoflavones has focussed on endo crine disruptions, and especially on oestrogenic imbalances; however, little is known about their effects on other molecular signals such as transcriptional coregulators and choriolytic enzymatic pathways, which are also important in reproductive processes. In male and female zebrafish Danio rerio, the soya isoflavones genistein and daidzein (provided at 10 mg l−1 for 15 d) modulated the basal expression levels of oestrogen receptor transcripts (ERβ) in variable and differential ways. Exposure to genistein resulted in decreased levels of ERβ in the zebrafish ovary; conversely, this isoflavone increased the basal expression levels of the hatching enzyme (HE1) in both gonads. On the other hand, daidzein increased the basal expression levels of the bromodomain testisspecific gene (BRDT) in the male gonad, but not in the ovary. Both isoflavones also differentially modulated (up−down regulations) the basal expression patterns of the 3 molecular signals studied in other regions of the body (e.g. head, digestive system, skeletal musculature). Despite all these transcriptional imbalances, neither of the phytoestrogens modified gonadal histomorphology or the baseline histochemical pattern of proteins, carbohydrates and glycoconjugates distributed in either the vitelline structures or in the developing and maturing germ cells of Danio rerio.","PeriodicalId":8111,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85284442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lu Cai, Jihua Chen, David Johnson, Z. Tu, Y. Huang
Fin clipping is a common practice in fisheries management, and hatchery fish are often marked this way. In the wild, the tail (caudal) fin may be damaged or lost to predation or disease. Because the tail fin is important to fish swimming behavior and ability, this study was designed to examine the effects of partial and complete loss of the tail fin on the swimming ability of juvenile black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus. Swimming speed and tail beat frequency were measured for 3 groups (intact tail fin, partial tail fin, no tail fin) using a stepped velocity test conducted in a fish respirometer. We found that critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and burst speed (Uburst) decreased slightly in the partial fin group and significantly in the no fin group. In the group with no tail fin, Uburst decreased more than Ucrit, clearly reducing the ability to avoid predators. Moreover, mean tail beat frequency (TBFmean), Ucrit and Uburst all decreased slightly in the partial fin group and significantly in the no fin group. A decrease in tail beat force and TBF both reduce swimming capability. These findings contribute to developing our understanding of the relationship between fish tail fins and swimming.
{"title":"Effect of tail fin loss on swimming capability and tail beat frequency of juvenile black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus","authors":"Lu Cai, Jihua Chen, David Johnson, Z. Tu, Y. Huang","doi":"10.3354/ab00727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00727","url":null,"abstract":"Fin clipping is a common practice in fisheries management, and hatchery fish are often marked this way. In the wild, the tail (caudal) fin may be damaged or lost to predation or disease. Because the tail fin is important to fish swimming behavior and ability, this study was designed to examine the effects of partial and complete loss of the tail fin on the swimming ability of juvenile black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus. Swimming speed and tail beat frequency were measured for 3 groups (intact tail fin, partial tail fin, no tail fin) using a stepped velocity test conducted in a fish respirometer. We found that critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and burst speed (Uburst) decreased slightly in the partial fin group and significantly in the no fin group. In the group with no tail fin, Uburst decreased more than Ucrit, clearly reducing the ability to avoid predators. Moreover, mean tail beat frequency (TBFmean), Ucrit and Uburst all decreased slightly in the partial fin group and significantly in the no fin group. A decrease in tail beat force and TBF both reduce swimming capability. These findings contribute to developing our understanding of the relationship between fish tail fins and swimming.","PeriodicalId":8111,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86361767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Chun-Hung Lee, P. Chan, Steven Jing-Liang Xu, Fred Wang-Fat Lee
We aimed to study the growth and toxicity responses of non-toxic (CCMP683) and toxic (CCMP2804) strains of Prorocentrum hoffmannianum under various nitrate and phosphate concentrations. The 2 strains were cultured in L1-Si medium with standard, depleted or 10-fold repleted nitrate or phosphate. CCMP683 cultured in standard L1-Si medium exhibited delayed growth. Nitrate or phosphate depletion decreased the cell density of both strains. Repletion of nitrate slightly increased the cell density of both strains. Repletion of phosphate also slightly increased the cell density of CCMP2804 but surprisingly decreased the cell density of CCMP683. Okadaic acid (OA) and its derivatives were not detected in CCMP683. OA was detected only in CCMP2804. Depletion of nitrate or phosphate increased the cellular concentration of OA, and repletion of nitrate or phosphate had no effect on the cellular concentration of OA. Correlation analysis indicated that the cellular concentration of OA was negatively correlated with cell density. Differences in the growth response to phosphate repletion and in the ability to produce OA suggest that the 2 strains may be good candidates for comparative studies related to phosphate metabolism and OA toxicity.
{"title":"Comparison of growth and toxicity responses between non-toxic and toxic strains of Prorocentrum hoffmannianum","authors":"Thomas Chun-Hung Lee, P. Chan, Steven Jing-Liang Xu, Fred Wang-Fat Lee","doi":"10.3354/ab00725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00725","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to study the growth and toxicity responses of non-toxic (CCMP683) and toxic (CCMP2804) strains of Prorocentrum hoffmannianum under various nitrate and phosphate concentrations. The 2 strains were cultured in L1-Si medium with standard, depleted or 10-fold repleted nitrate or phosphate. CCMP683 cultured in standard L1-Si medium exhibited delayed growth. Nitrate or phosphate depletion decreased the cell density of both strains. Repletion of nitrate slightly increased the cell density of both strains. Repletion of phosphate also slightly increased the cell density of CCMP2804 but surprisingly decreased the cell density of CCMP683. Okadaic acid (OA) and its derivatives were not detected in CCMP683. OA was detected only in CCMP2804. Depletion of nitrate or phosphate increased the cellular concentration of OA, and repletion of nitrate or phosphate had no effect on the cellular concentration of OA. Correlation analysis indicated that the cellular concentration of OA was negatively correlated with cell density. Differences in the growth response to phosphate repletion and in the ability to produce OA suggest that the 2 strains may be good candidates for comparative studies related to phosphate metabolism and OA toxicity.","PeriodicalId":8111,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89354267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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