Abstract Both fire and water protection are crucial for the safety and usability of paper-based products applied as building components. The presented study investigates the possibility of combining environmentally-friendly fire retardants with oil- and wax-based waterproofing coatings on paperboard for architectural applications. The proposed impregnation technique can be used as protection for paper-based temporary and emergency structures, or as part of the protective system for building envelopes of permanent structures. The fire retardants selected for the tests were diammonium phosphate and a mixture of borax and boric acid in a 1:1 ratio. Single-flame ignitability tests were performed on the impregnated specimens to assess the fire performance of specimens with fire impregnation, waterproofing impregnation and both. A Life Cycle Assessment analysis was performed for fire-retardant paperboard. The study has shown that the application of layered fire and waterproofing treatments on paperboard components is possible and leads to a significant reduction in flammability compared to untreated and only waterproofed specimens.
{"title":"Preliminary Report on Ignitibility of Combined Pro-Ecological Waterproofing and Fire Retardant Coatings for Paperboard in Architectural Application","authors":"Agata Jasiołek","doi":"10.2478/acee-2022-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2022-0042","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Both fire and water protection are crucial for the safety and usability of paper-based products applied as building components. The presented study investigates the possibility of combining environmentally-friendly fire retardants with oil- and wax-based waterproofing coatings on paperboard for architectural applications. The proposed impregnation technique can be used as protection for paper-based temporary and emergency structures, or as part of the protective system for building envelopes of permanent structures. The fire retardants selected for the tests were diammonium phosphate and a mixture of borax and boric acid in a 1:1 ratio. Single-flame ignitability tests were performed on the impregnated specimens to assess the fire performance of specimens with fire impregnation, waterproofing impregnation and both. A Life Cycle Assessment analysis was performed for fire-retardant paperboard. The study has shown that the application of layered fire and waterproofing treatments on paperboard components is possible and leads to a significant reduction in flammability compared to untreated and only waterproofed specimens.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"36 1","pages":"105 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76253252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper presents the results of numerical simulations of thermal comfort in a passenger coach. The numerical model with people's presence was developed and appropriate boundary conditions were prepared. The ANSYS CFX program was used for the simulations. The calculations were carried out for summer and winter conditions. The predicted mean vote (PMV), predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) and draft rate (DR) were calculated to assess the thermal comfort of passengers. The requirements of railway standards in terms of passenger comfort assessment were also verified. Based on the simulation results, it was found that the thermal comfort conditions of the passengers in the coach were not fully satisfactory, especially in summer.
{"title":"CFD Modelling of Thermal Comfort in the Passenger Coach","authors":"Agnieszka Palmowska, Izabela Sarna","doi":"10.2478/acee-2022-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2022-0044","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the results of numerical simulations of thermal comfort in a passenger coach. The numerical model with people's presence was developed and appropriate boundary conditions were prepared. The ANSYS CFX program was used for the simulations. The calculations were carried out for summer and winter conditions. The predicted mean vote (PMV), predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) and draft rate (DR) were calculated to assess the thermal comfort of passengers. The requirements of railway standards in terms of passenger comfort assessment were also verified. Based on the simulation results, it was found that the thermal comfort conditions of the passengers in the coach were not fully satisfactory, especially in summer.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"15 1","pages":"133 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83590809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Standards specifying the requirements for daylight in shaping the interiors of residential buildings do not cover issues related to visual perception and the role of light as a carrier of images of the outside world. The general recommendations in this regard, given in the 2018 European Lighting Standard can hardly be considered an unambiguous, precise normative regulation. According to the author, the inalienable element of the view through the window is the image of the sky, which is the basic reference in human perception of the space of the external environment. The aim of the research is to identify the main determinants for ensuring access to the sky view from apartments in housing estates with high intensity of development. The analyzes are based on the author's simple graphical research methods capable of simulating the visual perception of images of the external environment space through a window. The key parameter in the analyzes is the vertical viewing angle, called the sky view entry angle. Its minimum value set at 7.5°C is of fundamental importance in shaping the geometric relations between neighbouring buildings. The research results oblige, in the context of the paradigm of sustainable housing development, to recognize the criterion of access to the sky view from residential interiors as a mandatory design guideline.
{"title":"The Criterion of Access to the Sky View in Residential Environment Architectural Designing","authors":"Z. Pelczarski","doi":"10.2478/acee-2022-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2022-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Standards specifying the requirements for daylight in shaping the interiors of residential buildings do not cover issues related to visual perception and the role of light as a carrier of images of the outside world. The general recommendations in this regard, given in the 2018 European Lighting Standard can hardly be considered an unambiguous, precise normative regulation. According to the author, the inalienable element of the view through the window is the image of the sky, which is the basic reference in human perception of the space of the external environment. The aim of the research is to identify the main determinants for ensuring access to the sky view from apartments in housing estates with high intensity of development. The analyzes are based on the author's simple graphical research methods capable of simulating the visual perception of images of the external environment space through a window. The key parameter in the analyzes is the vertical viewing angle, called the sky view entry angle. Its minimum value set at 7.5°C is of fundamental importance in shaping the geometric relations between neighbouring buildings. The research results oblige, in the context of the paradigm of sustainable housing development, to recognize the criterion of access to the sky view from residential interiors as a mandatory design guideline.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"198 1","pages":"43 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74513451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. A. Jamro, S. Khoso, S. Shah, Sadaquat Ali, Fahmeed Ali, Haseeb Ul Hassane
Abstract Present study investigates the thermal decomposition and syngas potential of pre-drying municipal solid waste (PMSW) via pyrolysis using thermo-gravimetric (TGA) analyzer coupled with the mass spectrometer (MS). The experiments were performed at the heating rates 5 and 15°C/min. Differential thermo-gravimetric (DTG) curves exposed four conversion phases at lower heating rate and two conversion phases at higher heating rate. MS analysis of the evolved gases H2, CO, and CH4 revealed that the devolatilization phase played a major role during the processes. Higher H2 generation was observed at a lower heating rate due to more contact among PMSW and process temperature. Higher CO and CH4 were also favored at lower heating rate. Total yield of gases was found higher due to higher CO generation. For the estimation of activation energy (Ea), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) kinetic model was applied at the conversion rates (α) ranged from 5–35. In overall, the lower heating rate supported the higher WMSW conversion as well as higher gas released during the process. Hence, this study will help to evaluate the H2 potential of the PMSW using pyrolysis thermal technology.
{"title":"Investigation of Thermal Decomposition and Gases Release from Pre-Drying Municipal Solid Waste (PMSW) Via Pyrolysis Technology","authors":"I. A. Jamro, S. Khoso, S. Shah, Sadaquat Ali, Fahmeed Ali, Haseeb Ul Hassane","doi":"10.2478/acee-2022-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2022-0043","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Present study investigates the thermal decomposition and syngas potential of pre-drying municipal solid waste (PMSW) via pyrolysis using thermo-gravimetric (TGA) analyzer coupled with the mass spectrometer (MS). The experiments were performed at the heating rates 5 and 15°C/min. Differential thermo-gravimetric (DTG) curves exposed four conversion phases at lower heating rate and two conversion phases at higher heating rate. MS analysis of the evolved gases H2, CO, and CH4 revealed that the devolatilization phase played a major role during the processes. Higher H2 generation was observed at a lower heating rate due to more contact among PMSW and process temperature. Higher CO and CH4 were also favored at lower heating rate. Total yield of gases was found higher due to higher CO generation. For the estimation of activation energy (Ea), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) kinetic model was applied at the conversion rates (α) ranged from 5–35. In overall, the lower heating rate supported the higher WMSW conversion as well as higher gas released during the process. Hence, this study will help to evaluate the H2 potential of the PMSW using pyrolysis thermal technology.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"30 1","pages":"119 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73467748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The documentation of the urban historical heritage is the preliminary step to identify the correct strategies for its protection and enhancement. To achieve this aim it is necessary to acquire a graphic documentation at the different scales of detail required by a multi-layered system as the historical landscape; this complexity can now be explored integrating traditional and digital survey methods and representation methodologies. Traditional methods, in particular, are characterized by a direct contact with places; this condition guarantee a deepest perception and a total immersion in the landscape integrating and giving quality to the considerable amount of data offered by recent technologies; this approach has been applied in the survey of the historical city of Cagliari in which the medieval districts of Marina, Stampace, Villanova and Castello retain a great part of the modern walled system built since the fourteenth century until the first half of the nineteenth century and a lot of interesting buildings designed for civil, public and religious use.
{"title":"Graphical Documentation of the Historical City of Cagliari (Italy)","authors":"A. Pirinu, G. Sanna, Leonardo Scalas","doi":"10.2478/acee-2022-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2022-0038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The documentation of the urban historical heritage is the preliminary step to identify the correct strategies for its protection and enhancement. To achieve this aim it is necessary to acquire a graphic documentation at the different scales of detail required by a multi-layered system as the historical landscape; this complexity can now be explored integrating traditional and digital survey methods and representation methodologies. Traditional methods, in particular, are characterized by a direct contact with places; this condition guarantee a deepest perception and a total immersion in the landscape integrating and giving quality to the considerable amount of data offered by recent technologies; this approach has been applied in the survey of the historical city of Cagliari in which the medieval districts of Marina, Stampace, Villanova and Castello retain a great part of the modern walled system built since the fourteenth century until the first half of the nineteenth century and a lot of interesting buildings designed for civil, public and religious use.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"63 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83014308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper focuses on the downtown built environment (downtown waterfronts) and also on individual architectural objects which have an important function in such a space. The quality of the built environment affects its surroundings not only in a physical but also in a social way. To find the most appropriate ways of preventing the occurrence of the built environment pathologies in downtown areas, the study used the diagnostic technique of functional performance understood, among other things, as the ability to satisfy the stakeholders' needs and the impact of stakeholders' actions on their living environment. During the research, a comparative platform was found for the functional performance, the imperative of sustainable development and the ecosystem services of rivers and reservoirs. The investigations resulted in the creation of success indicators illustrated by examples of six voivodeship capital cities in Poland which have the strongest connection with the downtown built environment in waterfront areas, namely: Gdańsk, Szczecin, Warszawa (Warsaw), Kraków (Cracow), Wrocław and Poznań.
{"title":"Pathologies of the Riverside Built Environment Versus Success Indicators of Functional Performance","authors":"Elżbieta Latusek","doi":"10.2478/acee-2022-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2022-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper focuses on the downtown built environment (downtown waterfronts) and also on individual architectural objects which have an important function in such a space. The quality of the built environment affects its surroundings not only in a physical but also in a social way. To find the most appropriate ways of preventing the occurrence of the built environment pathologies in downtown areas, the study used the diagnostic technique of functional performance understood, among other things, as the ability to satisfy the stakeholders' needs and the impact of stakeholders' actions on their living environment. During the research, a comparative platform was found for the functional performance, the imperative of sustainable development and the ecosystem services of rivers and reservoirs. The investigations resulted in the creation of success indicators illustrated by examples of six voivodeship capital cities in Poland which have the strongest connection with the downtown built environment in waterfront areas, namely: Gdańsk, Szczecin, Warszawa (Warsaw), Kraków (Cracow), Wrocław and Poznań.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"20 1","pages":"17 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78036671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Pavliuk, O. Sigal, Artem Safiants, Sergii Plashykhin
Abstract The relevance of the work is determined by the war of the Russian Federation in Ukraine and the decision of the leading countries of the world, the EU and Ukraine to abandon energy dependence on energy from the Russian Federation. An analysis is provided of the main directions for reducing the European Union's dependence on Russian natural gas by a third by the end of 2022, in particular, the development of the Waste-to-Energy market in the EU and other leading countries of the world. The main ways are presented and computational investigations of the possibility of substitution of certain amounts of natural gas with artificial fuel from residual MSW are carried out. Based on the performed calculations, the authors formulated proposals for the feasibility of constructing facilities for energy use of residual MSW in different regions of Ukraine, as well as connecting them to the systems of centralized heating in Ukraine. The paper proves the necessity of building Waste-to-Energy power plants in the largest, large and big cities of the country. The ecological expediency of recovery of residual waste is shown.
{"title":"The Use of Residual Municipal Solid Waste as an Alternative Fuel","authors":"N. Pavliuk, O. Sigal, Artem Safiants, Sergii Plashykhin","doi":"10.2478/acee-2022-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2022-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The relevance of the work is determined by the war of the Russian Federation in Ukraine and the decision of the leading countries of the world, the EU and Ukraine to abandon energy dependence on energy from the Russian Federation. An analysis is provided of the main directions for reducing the European Union's dependence on Russian natural gas by a third by the end of 2022, in particular, the development of the Waste-to-Energy market in the EU and other leading countries of the world. The main ways are presented and computational investigations of the possibility of substitution of certain amounts of natural gas with artificial fuel from residual MSW are carried out. Based on the performed calculations, the authors formulated proposals for the feasibility of constructing facilities for energy use of residual MSW in different regions of Ukraine, as well as connecting them to the systems of centralized heating in Ukraine. The paper proves the necessity of building Waste-to-Energy power plants in the largest, large and big cities of the country. The ecological expediency of recovery of residual waste is shown.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"25 1","pages":"147 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82494082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper undertakes the topic of architectural heritage of post-war modernism in Poland. Beside the typical single-family housing solutions from the second half of 20th century (the so-called “Polish cube”) it is possible to point out some examples of houses designed according to the world's leading design tendencies of that time. Those buildings were established on individual requests of the social elites including scientists, directors and government officials. One of such objects is a modernist villa from the 1960s located in Ustroń – a popular resort at the foot of the Beskid Mountains and built for General Jerzy Ziętek. There is a lack of its accurate, systematic documentation, which would become a basis for a conservation project. Here, we demonstrate a response to this problem which results in the development of a precise inventory documentation and representation of the investigated object, which is a valuable heritage of post-war modernism architecture. Methodology presented in this paper is based on combination of digital tools such as UAV photogrammetry and HBIM modelling and by adding a rich database obtained through thorough research.
{"title":"Digital Survey of the Late 1960's Villa in Ustroń: Creating a Virtual Model of a Heritage Site of Polish Post-War Modernist Architecture","authors":"Jakub Bródka, Magdalena Wałek","doi":"10.2478/acee-2022-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper undertakes the topic of architectural heritage of post-war modernism in Poland. Beside the typical single-family housing solutions from the second half of 20th century (the so-called “Polish cube”) it is possible to point out some examples of houses designed according to the world's leading design tendencies of that time. Those buildings were established on individual requests of the social elites including scientists, directors and government officials. One of such objects is a modernist villa from the 1960s located in Ustroń – a popular resort at the foot of the Beskid Mountains and built for General Jerzy Ziętek. There is a lack of its accurate, systematic documentation, which would become a basis for a conservation project. Here, we demonstrate a response to this problem which results in the development of a precise inventory documentation and representation of the investigated object, which is a valuable heritage of post-war modernism architecture. Methodology presented in this paper is based on combination of digital tools such as UAV photogrammetry and HBIM modelling and by adding a rich database obtained through thorough research.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"6 1","pages":"13 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74651753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The conservation and transferring of cultural heritage to future generations have been facilitated by the increasing development of digital modeling and architectural visualization software. With the help of a virtual environment, heritage data can be archived more permanently and accessed by numerous users. This paper aims to put forward how heritage from a certain period can be documented, analyzed, and transferred using different digital techniques. Additionally, it claims that as a method, digital documentation is a practice that also contributes to different areas including culture, education, and tourism. Within the scope of this paper, Çağlayan Apartment Building from Karşıyaka, İzmir was selected as a case study for applying the digital documentation method. The methodology of the research comprises the following steps: literature review, on-site observation, identification of the period, area and specific case(s), photo shooting, having measured drawings, archive scanning, oral history studies, 2D architectural drawings in CAD medium, 3D modeling/rendering, illustration and poster preparation, website, e-catalog, and social media designs. In conclusion, it has been revealed that digital documentation of modern architectural heritage including interior elements has a positive impact on three interrelated areas: cultural sustainability, educational activities, and touristic popularity.
{"title":"Documenting and Conserving Modern Architectural Heritage: Çağlayan Apartment Building İzmir-Karşiyaka","authors":"Gizem Güler Nakip, Gülnur Ballice, Eda Paykoç Özçelik, İrem Deniz Akçam","doi":"10.2478/acee-2022-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2022-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The conservation and transferring of cultural heritage to future generations have been facilitated by the increasing development of digital modeling and architectural visualization software. With the help of a virtual environment, heritage data can be archived more permanently and accessed by numerous users. This paper aims to put forward how heritage from a certain period can be documented, analyzed, and transferred using different digital techniques. Additionally, it claims that as a method, digital documentation is a practice that also contributes to different areas including culture, education, and tourism. Within the scope of this paper, Çağlayan Apartment Building from Karşıyaka, İzmir was selected as a case study for applying the digital documentation method. The methodology of the research comprises the following steps: literature review, on-site observation, identification of the period, area and specific case(s), photo shooting, having measured drawings, archive scanning, oral history studies, 2D architectural drawings in CAD medium, 3D modeling/rendering, illustration and poster preparation, website, e-catalog, and social media designs. In conclusion, it has been revealed that digital documentation of modern architectural heritage including interior elements has a positive impact on three interrelated areas: cultural sustainability, educational activities, and touristic popularity.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"41 1","pages":"23 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83180550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Synthetic dyes are extensively used in various industries like textile and food industry and are responsible for generation of colored and toxic wastewater. The aim of study was to evaluate decolorization efficiency of White Rot Fungi P.ostreatus (strain BWPH) for dyes belonging to different classes: Anthanthrone Red (anthraquinone dye) and Disazo Red (azo dye) having concentration of 0.08g/l. The Daphnia magna immobilization test was performed to check zoo toxicity of samples during and after treatment. The result show that maximum decolorization efficiency achieved for Anthanthrone Red and Disazo Red dye after 168h was 94.31% and 73.13% respectively. The zoo toxicity test reflects that the pure dyes were much less toxic to D.magna at higher concentration. In contrast, the post process samples were more toxic to organism. It reflected production of toxic metabolites because of enzymatic degradation/biotransformation of dye. For anthraquinone dye, post process sample of 0.25 h was less toxic as compared to 168 h sample. Toxicity Unit was 23.52(class IV), and 2.61(class III) respectively for Anthanthrone Red and Disazo Red post process sample. The conducted research showed high potential of BWPH strain for decolorization dyes belonging to different classes. But the mycelium produces toxic substances during the decolorization process. It may be related to the biodegradation of these substances to toxic metabolites. Further studies have indicated to optimize the process of decolorization.
{"title":"Decolorization of Two Dyes Using White Rot Fungus P. ostreatus (BWPH) Strain and Evaluation of Zootoxicity of Post Process Samples","authors":"R. Upadhyay, W. Przystaś","doi":"10.2478/acee-2022-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2022-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Synthetic dyes are extensively used in various industries like textile and food industry and are responsible for generation of colored and toxic wastewater. The aim of study was to evaluate decolorization efficiency of White Rot Fungi P.ostreatus (strain BWPH) for dyes belonging to different classes: Anthanthrone Red (anthraquinone dye) and Disazo Red (azo dye) having concentration of 0.08g/l. The Daphnia magna immobilization test was performed to check zoo toxicity of samples during and after treatment. The result show that maximum decolorization efficiency achieved for Anthanthrone Red and Disazo Red dye after 168h was 94.31% and 73.13% respectively. The zoo toxicity test reflects that the pure dyes were much less toxic to D.magna at higher concentration. In contrast, the post process samples were more toxic to organism. It reflected production of toxic metabolites because of enzymatic degradation/biotransformation of dye. For anthraquinone dye, post process sample of 0.25 h was less toxic as compared to 168 h sample. Toxicity Unit was 23.52(class IV), and 2.61(class III) respectively for Anthanthrone Red and Disazo Red post process sample. The conducted research showed high potential of BWPH strain for decolorization dyes belonging to different classes. But the mycelium produces toxic substances during the decolorization process. It may be related to the biodegradation of these substances to toxic metabolites. Further studies have indicated to optimize the process of decolorization.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"15 1","pages":"87 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84742044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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