Abstract The paper discusses the importance of the Professional Profile Map (PPM) in the context of architecture and civil engineering education. It acknowledges the dynamic nature of these fields due to technological advancements and evolving industry practices, emphasizing the need for professionals who possess practical skills in addition to academic knowledge. The PPM is introduced as a valuable tool that acts as a bridge between academia and industry by defining the essential knowledge, skills, and competencies (KSC) required for success in these professions. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of the PPM in Erasmus+ projects, highlighting its ability to facilitate customization and adaptability in education. It encourages interdisciplinary collaboration, practical experience, and employability enhancement, aligning with the goals of Erasmus+ projects. A case study from the TAB4BUILDING project illustrates how the PPM was used to identify KSC related to the use of Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) in construction. The PPM's role in harmonizing educational programs across different countries and promoting international collaboration is emphasized.
{"title":"Professional Profile Map as a Powerful Educational Tool for Architects and Civil Engineers","authors":"Szymon Dawczyński, Rafał Krzywoń, Sigrid Mannsberger-Nindl, Sabine Schwenk, Arsenio Navarro, Serafin Garcia, Lorena Hernandez, María Lladró, Isabel María Balufo, Valentina Kuzma, Andreja Palatinus, Eleni Damianou, Paraskevi Angelakopoulou","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper discusses the importance of the Professional Profile Map (PPM) in the context of architecture and civil engineering education. It acknowledges the dynamic nature of these fields due to technological advancements and evolving industry practices, emphasizing the need for professionals who possess practical skills in addition to academic knowledge. The PPM is introduced as a valuable tool that acts as a bridge between academia and industry by defining the essential knowledge, skills, and competencies (KSC) required for success in these professions. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of the PPM in Erasmus+ projects, highlighting its ability to facilitate customization and adaptability in education. It encourages interdisciplinary collaboration, practical experience, and employability enhancement, aligning with the goals of Erasmus+ projects. A case study from the TAB4BUILDING project illustrates how the PPM was used to identify KSC related to the use of Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) in construction. The PPM's role in harmonizing educational programs across different countries and promoting international collaboration is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The characteristic feature of the geological structure in the Lublin Region is loess covers, which at the same time constitute the main subsoil for setting building structures. Geological structure is the basis for developing a geotechnical model of the subsoil, which may be identical to the geological model. However, these two types of models in many cases should differ, because the geotechnical model is developed depending on the type of structure, its dimensions, the method and depth of the foundation, and the loads transferred. Identifying geological layers only on the basis of lithology and subsoil state leads to significant and excessive simplification, especially when these layers occur at different depths. Soil stiffness and its bearing capacity depend not only on the state, i.e. wetness but also on several other factors which are difficult to identify based on a superficial macroscopic assessment, even with the verification of individual samples with laboratory tests. A good foundation for the geotechnical assessment of the subsoil is provided by in situ tests such as CPTU and DMT, which allow for a statistical evaluation of parameters. The work presents the methodology for creating a geotechnical model of the loess subsoil based on in situ tests.
{"title":"Geotechnical Interpretation of the Geological Structure of Loess Covers in Lublin Region","authors":"Krzysztof Nepelski","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The characteristic feature of the geological structure in the Lublin Region is loess covers, which at the same time constitute the main subsoil for setting building structures. Geological structure is the basis for developing a geotechnical model of the subsoil, which may be identical to the geological model. However, these two types of models in many cases should differ, because the geotechnical model is developed depending on the type of structure, its dimensions, the method and depth of the foundation, and the loads transferred. Identifying geological layers only on the basis of lithology and subsoil state leads to significant and excessive simplification, especially when these layers occur at different depths. Soil stiffness and its bearing capacity depend not only on the state, i.e. wetness but also on several other factors which are difficult to identify based on a superficial macroscopic assessment, even with the verification of individual samples with laboratory tests. A good foundation for the geotechnical assessment of the subsoil is provided by in situ tests such as CPTU and DMT, which allow for a statistical evaluation of parameters. The work presents the methodology for creating a geotechnical model of the loess subsoil based on in situ tests.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The results of electrochemical processing of spent acidic, neutral, and alkaline sulfate-chloride-containing regenerative solutions in two- and three-chamber electrolyzers are presented. It has been determined that the highest current efficiency for the products of electrodialysis can be achieved in the presence of hardness ions when processing acidic sulfate-containing solutions using three-chamber electrolyzers. It has been established that during electrodialysis of alkaline solutions after regeneration of anionites containing chloride ions, accumulation of alkali occurs in the cathodic region, and in the anodic region, chloride ions accumulate due to diffusion through the anion exchange membrane during the first stage, followed by preferential oxidation of chloride ions with liberation of free chlorine during the second stage. It has been shown that electrodialysis can effectively solve the problem of comprehensive processing of neutral, alkaline, and acidic regenerative sulfate-chloride-containing solutions, with the production of alkali and acid at concentrations suitable for reuse in regeneration processes.
{"title":"New Approaches to Comprehensive Electrochemical Processing of Sulfate-Chloride High-Mineralized Wastewater Treatment Residues","authors":"Tetyana Shabliy, Olena Ivanenko, Sergii Plashykhin, Nonna Pavliuk, Artem Safiants, Dmytro Sidorov","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0044","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The results of electrochemical processing of spent acidic, neutral, and alkaline sulfate-chloride-containing regenerative solutions in two- and three-chamber electrolyzers are presented. It has been determined that the highest current efficiency for the products of electrodialysis can be achieved in the presence of hardness ions when processing acidic sulfate-containing solutions using three-chamber electrolyzers. It has been established that during electrodialysis of alkaline solutions after regeneration of anionites containing chloride ions, accumulation of alkali occurs in the cathodic region, and in the anodic region, chloride ions accumulate due to diffusion through the anion exchange membrane during the first stage, followed by preferential oxidation of chloride ions with liberation of free chlorine during the second stage. It has been shown that electrodialysis can effectively solve the problem of comprehensive processing of neutral, alkaline, and acidic regenerative sulfate-chloride-containing solutions, with the production of alkali and acid at concentrations suitable for reuse in regeneration processes.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Static pile load tests in laboratory conditions were carried out to study the mechanism of the pile skin and pile base resistance mobilization with settlement and their interactions. The mechanism of the skin resistance at the base is important in the correct interpretation of the pile capacity. Especially in the case of piles shallowly embedded in the bearing layer. In the studies described in this article, high-precision piezoelectric elastic stress maps were used. The tests were carried out on piles with a diameter of 2.5–2.8 cm, and length of 40 cm. Static pile load tests were carried out to measure resistance at the pile base, settlement and change of stress in the soil at the level of the pile base or beneath the pile base were measured. The analysis of stress in soil allowed to investigate the interaction between the resistances of the pile base and skin. The state of stress in the soil close to the pile base, both beneath and above the pile base level was heavily influenced by the simultaneous mobilization of skin and base resistance.
{"title":"The Analysis of Pile Skin and Base Resistances Interaction Based on Static Pile Load Test in Experimental Research","authors":"Krzysztof Żarkiewicz","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Static pile load tests in laboratory conditions were carried out to study the mechanism of the pile skin and pile base resistance mobilization with settlement and their interactions. The mechanism of the skin resistance at the base is important in the correct interpretation of the pile capacity. Especially in the case of piles shallowly embedded in the bearing layer. In the studies described in this article, high-precision piezoelectric elastic stress maps were used. The tests were carried out on piles with a diameter of 2.5–2.8 cm, and length of 40 cm. Static pile load tests were carried out to measure resistance at the pile base, settlement and change of stress in the soil at the level of the pile base or beneath the pile base were measured. The analysis of stress in soil allowed to investigate the interaction between the resistances of the pile base and skin. The state of stress in the soil close to the pile base, both beneath and above the pile base level was heavily influenced by the simultaneous mobilization of skin and base resistance.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adam Krasiński, Andrzej Słabek, Paweł Więcławski, Mateusz Wiszniewski, Tomasz Kusio, Witold Tisler
Abstract The main objective of the “DPDT-Auger” research project was to test the prototype DPDT auger for forming screw displacement piles in the ground (patented in Poland in 2020). An additional aim was to develop design methods and rules for the making of such piles. The augers and piles were first tested on a model scale, and then more extensively in the real scale on experimental field plots. The results found the overall functionality of the DPDT auger to be good, and in several aspects better than that of the SDP auger. The load-bearing capacities and Q-s characteristics of piles made with both augers were considered comparable. All the conducted tests and their derived dependencies together with the results of in situ subsoil tests allowed for the development of empirical calculation methods and prognostic procedures, useful for designing and producing piles with DPDT and SDP augers. FEM numerical simulation rules for the considered piles were also developed, verified and calibrated by the results of real pile tests. This article describes only the most important final results of the research project but not the detailed results of the numerous tests and analyses that were carried out. Also omitted are the results of model tests and numerical simulations, as well as the implementation and acceptance recommendations, as they have already been or will be the subject of separate publications.
{"title":"Results of the “DPDT-Auger” Research Project on Screw Displacement Piles","authors":"Adam Krasiński, Andrzej Słabek, Paweł Więcławski, Mateusz Wiszniewski, Tomasz Kusio, Witold Tisler","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main objective of the “DPDT-Auger” research project was to test the prototype DPDT auger for forming screw displacement piles in the ground (patented in Poland in 2020). An additional aim was to develop design methods and rules for the making of such piles. The augers and piles were first tested on a model scale, and then more extensively in the real scale on experimental field plots. The results found the overall functionality of the DPDT auger to be good, and in several aspects better than that of the SDP auger. The load-bearing capacities and Q-s characteristics of piles made with both augers were considered comparable. All the conducted tests and their derived dependencies together with the results of in situ subsoil tests allowed for the development of empirical calculation methods and prognostic procedures, useful for designing and producing piles with DPDT and SDP augers. FEM numerical simulation rules for the considered piles were also developed, verified and calibrated by the results of real pile tests. This article describes only the most important final results of the research project but not the detailed results of the numerous tests and analyses that were carried out. Also omitted are the results of model tests and numerical simulations, as well as the implementation and acceptance recommendations, as they have already been or will be the subject of separate publications.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Due to their physical and identity features, high-rise buildings play a key role in influencing the citizens’ mental image. This study aims to investigate the bilateral link between the environment and people based on user evaluations of the formal and physical features of high-rise buildings. By emphasizing the impacts of formal, functional, and semantic aspects of high-rise buildings on users’ preferences, the study identifies perceptual components and physical features that shape mental image. To this end, using the library research method, the perceptual components of high-rise buildings are introduced as the conceptual model of the study. Then, the relevant components are evaluated using a survey of 217 users of the Seljuk Tower in Konya. The results show that the ‘sense of pleasure when facing the tower’ has the most significant correlation with the users’ perception. The “degree of innovation of the form” and the “materials used in the building” are the other priorities that influence the users” perception. The results also show that affective and cognitive perceptual dimensions influence users’ mental image significantly more than evaluative and interpretative dimensions.
{"title":"How do High-Rise Buildings Affect the Mental Image of Users? Case Study: Seljuk Tower in Konya","authors":"Navid Khaleghimoghaddam","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to their physical and identity features, high-rise buildings play a key role in influencing the citizens’ mental image. This study aims to investigate the bilateral link between the environment and people based on user evaluations of the formal and physical features of high-rise buildings. By emphasizing the impacts of formal, functional, and semantic aspects of high-rise buildings on users’ preferences, the study identifies perceptual components and physical features that shape mental image. To this end, using the library research method, the perceptual components of high-rise buildings are introduced as the conceptual model of the study. Then, the relevant components are evaluated using a survey of 217 users of the Seljuk Tower in Konya. The results show that the ‘sense of pleasure when facing the tower’ has the most significant correlation with the users’ perception. The “degree of innovation of the form” and the “materials used in the building” are the other priorities that influence the users” perception. The results also show that affective and cognitive perceptual dimensions influence users’ mental image significantly more than evaluative and interpretative dimensions.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The size effect is a well-known characteristic of concrete structures. However, in the case of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC), this issue is not thoroughly explored. Most design recommendations of FRC neglect the size effect or handle the behaviour of FRC structures in case of different structural sizes similar to plain concrete structures (assuming FRC is a homogeneous material). The aim of this paper is to show that the size effect of FRC can be divided, the share of the concrete matrix and the fibres in the size-dependent properties is separable. For the size effect research fifteen synthetic macro fibre reinforced concrete and six plain concrete beam specimens were prepared and tested in three different sizes and then evaluated with the semi-discrete analytical (SDA) model. The analysis of the experimental specimens has shown that the size effect significantly influences the concrete material in the case of FRC with softening material behaviour, but the residual loadbearing capacity which mainly arise from the local bridging effect of fibres is essentially independent of the structural size. It is also shown in this paper that the two defining parameters of the SDA model is independent of the structural size, so the model provides an excellent tool in case of the design of real-sized FRC structures.
{"title":"Size Effect of Synthetic Fibre Reinforced Concrete – Investigation using a Semi-Discrete Analytical Beam Model","authors":"Mária Erdélyiné Tóth, Anikó Pluzsik","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The size effect is a well-known characteristic of concrete structures. However, in the case of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC), this issue is not thoroughly explored. Most design recommendations of FRC neglect the size effect or handle the behaviour of FRC structures in case of different structural sizes similar to plain concrete structures (assuming FRC is a homogeneous material). The aim of this paper is to show that the size effect of FRC can be divided, the share of the concrete matrix and the fibres in the size-dependent properties is separable. For the size effect research fifteen synthetic macro fibre reinforced concrete and six plain concrete beam specimens were prepared and tested in three different sizes and then evaluated with the semi-discrete analytical (SDA) model. The analysis of the experimental specimens has shown that the size effect significantly influences the concrete material in the case of FRC with softening material behaviour, but the residual loadbearing capacity which mainly arise from the local bridging effect of fibres is essentially independent of the structural size. It is also shown in this paper that the two defining parameters of the SDA model is independent of the structural size, so the model provides an excellent tool in case of the design of real-sized FRC structures.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract There are many benefits of building construction with prefabricated thermo active ceilings technology, and the most highlighted are: short lead time, ease of installation, low price, lack of taking up space in a room and additionally the possibility of working in heating and/or cooling mode. An analysis was carried out to illustrate the factors that influence the thermal output of a ceiling heating system in residential buildings located in 5 climate zones in Poland and 2 in Ukraine. The thermal loads were determined for the entire building, designed in accordance with the regulations in force in each country, for the flats and particular rooms (considering the heat exchange between the flats according to PN-EN 12831:2006). An average heating medium temperature of 34°C was assumed. The results were compared with the achievable heating capacity of the ceiling system, which results from the difference between the heating medium temperature and the indoor room temperature. It was investigated that the system achieves the calculated output in all climate zones in Poland, while it will not be sufficient in Ukraine. This is due to both less stringent building thermal protection regulations and different indoor design temperature values, resulting in a higher average temperature in the flat. When analysed on a room-by-room basis, it became apparent that in all considered locations there were rooms for which the heating capacity was insufficient. In the climate zones I to IV in Poland, the problem concerns only bathrooms, where in this case quite often the surface heating can be combined with a supplementary electric radiator. In the V climate zone in Poland and both in Ukraine, the solution to the power shortage under design conditions may be: building construction according to a higher energy standard, increasing the supply temperature (with the limitation of maximum ceiling surface temperature to 35°C for living spaces) or using additional heating elements not only in bathrooms. A novel part of the article discusses calculated power shortages in relation to climate change and the external design temperatures suggested by sources other than the standard.
{"title":"Heating Ceiling System Efficiency in Different Climate Zones","authors":"Natalia Fidorów-Kaprawy, Edyta Dudkiewicz","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0042","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There are many benefits of building construction with prefabricated thermo active ceilings technology, and the most highlighted are: short lead time, ease of installation, low price, lack of taking up space in a room and additionally the possibility of working in heating and/or cooling mode. An analysis was carried out to illustrate the factors that influence the thermal output of a ceiling heating system in residential buildings located in 5 climate zones in Poland and 2 in Ukraine. The thermal loads were determined for the entire building, designed in accordance with the regulations in force in each country, for the flats and particular rooms (considering the heat exchange between the flats according to PN-EN 12831:2006). An average heating medium temperature of 34°C was assumed. The results were compared with the achievable heating capacity of the ceiling system, which results from the difference between the heating medium temperature and the indoor room temperature. It was investigated that the system achieves the calculated output in all climate zones in Poland, while it will not be sufficient in Ukraine. This is due to both less stringent building thermal protection regulations and different indoor design temperature values, resulting in a higher average temperature in the flat. When analysed on a room-by-room basis, it became apparent that in all considered locations there were rooms for which the heating capacity was insufficient. In the climate zones I to IV in Poland, the problem concerns only bathrooms, where in this case quite often the surface heating can be combined with a supplementary electric radiator. In the V climate zone in Poland and both in Ukraine, the solution to the power shortage under design conditions may be: building construction according to a higher energy standard, increasing the supply temperature (with the limitation of maximum ceiling surface temperature to 35°C for living spaces) or using additional heating elements not only in bathrooms. A novel part of the article discusses calculated power shortages in relation to climate change and the external design temperatures suggested by sources other than the standard.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract One of the methods of strengthening the subgrade under the road pavement construction is its stabilization with a hydraulic binder. The technology of stabilization with binders is well known in the road engineering, however, it is still beneficial in terms of economical and organisational aspects while considering methods for improvement of the load-bearing capacity of the subsoil. The advantages of this technology are, among others, the possibility of using materials both from recycling and local materials, resulting in the possibility of waste production limitation by the use of weak material (soil) in place. The article presents a case study and the results of research obtained during the process of optimizing the thickness stabilized with a hydraulic binder. Comparative tests were carried out to reveal that non-chemical soil enhancement with the use of aggregate is as important as chemical one with the binder in terms of the quality of the final subgrade for road construction. The results were afterwards confirmed in field with use of heavy machines and full-scale soil stabilisation, leading to economic and environmental benefits.
{"title":"Optimisation of Weak Soil Stabilisation with a Hydraulic Binder for Road Construction Subgrade","authors":"Wojciech Sorociak, Marcin Dobrzyński","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the methods of strengthening the subgrade under the road pavement construction is its stabilization with a hydraulic binder. The technology of stabilization with binders is well known in the road engineering, however, it is still beneficial in terms of economical and organisational aspects while considering methods for improvement of the load-bearing capacity of the subsoil. The advantages of this technology are, among others, the possibility of using materials both from recycling and local materials, resulting in the possibility of waste production limitation by the use of weak material (soil) in place. The article presents a case study and the results of research obtained during the process of optimizing the thickness stabilized with a hydraulic binder. Comparative tests were carried out to reveal that non-chemical soil enhancement with the use of aggregate is as important as chemical one with the binder in terms of the quality of the final subgrade for road construction. The results were afterwards confirmed in field with use of heavy machines and full-scale soil stabilisation, leading to economic and environmental benefits.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Poland's mixed municipal waste management system has been based on mechanical-biological treatment (MBT). One of the MBT processes is the biological stabilisation of fractions of less than 80 mm. The final product after biological stabilisation is a stabiliser that, once the conditions required by law are met, can be landfilled. The stabilizer must meet the following requirements: the loss of ignition (LOI) of the stabiliser is less than 35% DM, the organic carbon content is less than 20% DM and the AT 4 value (aerobic 4-day respiration test) value is less than 10 mgO 2 /g DM. The study aimed to analyse the changes that occurred during the first 4 weeks of biological processing of the fraction of less than 80 mm of mixed municipal waste. The bioreactor feedstock consisted of 41.7% organic fraction (OF), the LOI was 32.3%, and the AT 4 value was 45.7 mgO 2 /g DM. During biological processing, at 4 weeks, the loss of OF in the total weight of the waste was found to be 22.6%, the losses after roasting decreased by almost 90% and the value of AT 4 was 6.6 mgO 2 /g DM. This means that the stabiliser already after 4 weeks, according to the law, could be sent to a landfill.
波兰的混合城市垃圾管理系统是基于机械生物处理(MBT)。其中一个MBT过程是小于80毫米的馏分的生物稳定。生物稳定后的最终产物是一种稳定剂，一旦满足法律要求的条件，就可以被填埋。稳定剂必须满足以下要求:稳定剂的燃失量(LOI)小于35% DM，有机碳含量小于20% DM, at4值(好氧4天呼吸试验)值小于10 mgO 2 /g DM。本研究旨在分析小于80 mm的混合城市垃圾部分在生物处理前4周发生的变化。41.7%的生物反应器原料由有机分数(的),LOI是32.3%,与4点值是45.7分别以2 / g DM。在生物处理过程中,在4周,损失的总重量的废物被发现22.6%,焙烧后的损失下降了几乎90%,4点的值是6.6分别以2 / g DM。这意味着稳定器已经4周后,根据法律,可能被送往垃圾填埋场。
{"title":"Changes in Main Parameters of Biological Stabilisation of Municipal Waste from a Full-Scale Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) Installation","authors":"Justyna Koc-Jurczyk","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0043","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Poland's mixed municipal waste management system has been based on mechanical-biological treatment (MBT). One of the MBT processes is the biological stabilisation of fractions of less than 80 mm. The final product after biological stabilisation is a stabiliser that, once the conditions required by law are met, can be landfilled. The stabilizer must meet the following requirements: the loss of ignition (LOI) of the stabiliser is less than 35% DM, the organic carbon content is less than 20% DM and the AT 4 value (aerobic 4-day respiration test) value is less than 10 mgO 2 /g DM. The study aimed to analyse the changes that occurred during the first 4 weeks of biological processing of the fraction of less than 80 mm of mixed municipal waste. The bioreactor feedstock consisted of 41.7% organic fraction (OF), the LOI was 32.3%, and the AT 4 value was 45.7 mgO 2 /g DM. During biological processing, at 4 weeks, the loss of OF in the total weight of the waste was found to be 22.6%, the losses after roasting decreased by almost 90% and the value of AT 4 was 6.6 mgO 2 /g DM. This means that the stabiliser already after 4 weeks, according to the law, could be sent to a landfill.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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