A. S. Mahmoud, Muizz O. Sanni-Anibire, Ahmed Alsafwani
Abstract Falls from height (FFH) are considered the most dangerous accident in the global construction industry, especially in emerging economies like Saudi Arabia. This study investigates the causative factors responsible for FFH accidents in the construction industry in Saudi Arabia. The approach used by the study entailed a review of the extant literature to identify the main causes of FFH accidents. The identified causes were used to develop a questionnaire survey, which was administered to construction professionals in Saudi Arabia. Useable feedback from ninety-one responses was obtained and consequently analysed using the Relative Agreement Index (RAI). The results revealed that the top three causes include “lack of training”, “no safety inspection”, and “no safety meeting and seminar between stakeholders”. The causes were also categorized into three groups including “unsafe acts”, “unsafe conditions”, “communication barriers”, and “management commitment”, where “unsafe acts” was the most influential category. The significance of this study is its potential to help control the occurrence of FFH in the construction industry through the adoption of relevant controls, safety training, and risk-based decision-making in the planning and execution of construction works.
{"title":"Fall From Height Accidents in the Construction Industry in Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. S. Mahmoud, Muizz O. Sanni-Anibire, Ahmed Alsafwani","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Falls from height (FFH) are considered the most dangerous accident in the global construction industry, especially in emerging economies like Saudi Arabia. This study investigates the causative factors responsible for FFH accidents in the construction industry in Saudi Arabia. The approach used by the study entailed a review of the extant literature to identify the main causes of FFH accidents. The identified causes were used to develop a questionnaire survey, which was administered to construction professionals in Saudi Arabia. Useable feedback from ninety-one responses was obtained and consequently analysed using the Relative Agreement Index (RAI). The results revealed that the top three causes include “lack of training”, “no safety inspection”, and “no safety meeting and seminar between stakeholders”. The causes were also categorized into three groups including “unsafe acts”, “unsafe conditions”, “communication barriers”, and “management commitment”, where “unsafe acts” was the most influential category. The significance of this study is its potential to help control the occurrence of FFH in the construction industry through the adoption of relevant controls, safety training, and risk-based decision-making in the planning and execution of construction works.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"76 1","pages":"101 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89598301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. James, Ayyapakam Ranganathan Gobinathan, Adhimoolam Kannan Balaji, S. Ashwin, Chinnathurai Aravind
Abstract Stabilized blocks have been gaining ground in recent times. Stabilized solid waste blocks provide an eco-friendly alternative to conventional fired bricks. The present investigation dealt with the development of lime stabilized blended solid waste blocks comprising fly ash (FA), steel slag (SS) and phosphogypsum (PG). The PG content was limited to 10% and the proportion of FA:SS was varied in the remaining 90% in the ratios of 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1. The blends were stabilized using 2%, 4% and 6% lime. The blends were dry mixed, followed by the addition of a sufficient quantity of water to obtain a uniform wet mix. This mix was then packed into moulds to cast blocks. The blocks were demoulded after 24 hours under wet gunny bags and cured in water for 7 days. Similarly, the blends were also mixed with sand to prepare solid waste mortars blocks and cured for 7 days. At the end of their stipulated curing periods, the stabilized solid waste blocks and mortar blocks were tested for their compressive strength. The results of the investigation revealed that the mix LFSP621 developed the maximum strength of all combinations tested and hence, it can be concluded that the solid waste blend consisting of 60% FA, 30% SS and 10% PG stabilized with a further 6% lime by weight of the solid waste mix was the most optimal mix for developing maximum strength of the solid waste blocks. The mortar blocks, however, met with limited success. Thus, it can be concluded that stabilized solid waste blocks can become an effective alternative building material.
{"title":"Lime-Stabilized Solid-Waste Blends as Alternative Building Blocks in Construction","authors":"J. James, Ayyapakam Ranganathan Gobinathan, Adhimoolam Kannan Balaji, S. Ashwin, Chinnathurai Aravind","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stabilized blocks have been gaining ground in recent times. Stabilized solid waste blocks provide an eco-friendly alternative to conventional fired bricks. The present investigation dealt with the development of lime stabilized blended solid waste blocks comprising fly ash (FA), steel slag (SS) and phosphogypsum (PG). The PG content was limited to 10% and the proportion of FA:SS was varied in the remaining 90% in the ratios of 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1. The blends were stabilized using 2%, 4% and 6% lime. The blends were dry mixed, followed by the addition of a sufficient quantity of water to obtain a uniform wet mix. This mix was then packed into moulds to cast blocks. The blocks were demoulded after 24 hours under wet gunny bags and cured in water for 7 days. Similarly, the blends were also mixed with sand to prepare solid waste mortars blocks and cured for 7 days. At the end of their stipulated curing periods, the stabilized solid waste blocks and mortar blocks were tested for their compressive strength. The results of the investigation revealed that the mix LFSP621 developed the maximum strength of all combinations tested and hence, it can be concluded that the solid waste blend consisting of 60% FA, 30% SS and 10% PG stabilized with a further 6% lime by weight of the solid waste mix was the most optimal mix for developing maximum strength of the solid waste blocks. The mortar blocks, however, met with limited success. Thus, it can be concluded that stabilized solid waste blocks can become an effective alternative building material.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":"89 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72977191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Uherek-Bradecka, M. Rozpondek, Grzegorz Kasprzyk
Abstract Existing approaches to indoor environmental quality in single-family residential buildings have been described, identifying their optimal preferred parameters for maintaining a human-healthy environment. The energy requirements for maintaining basic building systems (lighting, cooking, heating, ventilation, cooling) have been analyzed. Passive and active sources of energy production have been analyzed, prosumer buildings have been considered, and methods of obtaining maximum energy in winter periods and avoiding overheating of the building in summer periods have been discussed. Process schemes of using active shadow structures as an integral element with other systems acquiring energy from RES in single-family residential buildings have been presented. Architectural aspects of the use of energy-active shadow structures in residential buildings (single – family houses) have been presented together with alternative solutions. This paper presents process diagrams of the use of energy-active shadow integrated with other renewable energy sources used in single-family buildings, such as: BIPV, PVT and heat pumps, benefiting indoor environmental quality. Architectural considerations for the use of energy-active shadow structures in single-family homes have been presented along with alternative solutions. The purpose of this paper is to present a concept (especially effective in the summer) for an additional way to harvest electricity from energy-active shadows in single-family houses.
{"title":"Energy-Active Shadow Structures in Single-Family Buildings – Application Possibilities and Architectural Conditions","authors":"B. Uherek-Bradecka, M. Rozpondek, Grzegorz Kasprzyk","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Existing approaches to indoor environmental quality in single-family residential buildings have been described, identifying their optimal preferred parameters for maintaining a human-healthy environment. The energy requirements for maintaining basic building systems (lighting, cooking, heating, ventilation, cooling) have been analyzed. Passive and active sources of energy production have been analyzed, prosumer buildings have been considered, and methods of obtaining maximum energy in winter periods and avoiding overheating of the building in summer periods have been discussed. Process schemes of using active shadow structures as an integral element with other systems acquiring energy from RES in single-family residential buildings have been presented. Architectural aspects of the use of energy-active shadow structures in residential buildings (single – family houses) have been presented together with alternative solutions. This paper presents process diagrams of the use of energy-active shadow integrated with other renewable energy sources used in single-family buildings, such as: BIPV, PVT and heat pumps, benefiting indoor environmental quality. Architectural considerations for the use of energy-active shadow structures in single-family homes have been presented along with alternative solutions. The purpose of this paper is to present a concept (especially effective in the summer) for an additional way to harvest electricity from energy-active shadows in single-family houses.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"16 1","pages":"65 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87768052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The industrial heritage of the 1960s and 1970s includes post-mining buildings, most of them abandoned and neglected. The question is whether they should be protected? Is protection possible under the law in force? Polish law does not regulate these issues. This work shall use the Zakłady Górniczo Hutnicze Bolesław (Steel and Mining Plant) based in Bolesław, a city in Lesser Poland, as an example. Spatial arrangements of two mines, both of which belong to the ZGH Bolesław, were subject to analysis, together with their constructional aspects, as well as the present condition of the shaft towers and the head-pit buildings. The conclusions concern the possibility of utilizing the statutory and the non-statutory methods of assessing post-mining structures as a form of tools that are used to protect them and as a form of a recommendation for providing their comprehensive historical, cultural, and social valuation. Moreover, the research was also based on archival materials provided by ZGH Bolesław as well as in-situ studies.
{"title":"Opportunities and Reasons for the Protection of the Steel and Mining Plant Bolesław, Małopolskie Voivodeship, Poland on the Background of Law Possibilities","authors":"Barbara Stankiewicz, Z. Sąsiadek","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The industrial heritage of the 1960s and 1970s includes post-mining buildings, most of them abandoned and neglected. The question is whether they should be protected? Is protection possible under the law in force? Polish law does not regulate these issues. This work shall use the Zakłady Górniczo Hutnicze Bolesław (Steel and Mining Plant) based in Bolesław, a city in Lesser Poland, as an example. Spatial arrangements of two mines, both of which belong to the ZGH Bolesław, were subject to analysis, together with their constructional aspects, as well as the present condition of the shaft towers and the head-pit buildings. The conclusions concern the possibility of utilizing the statutory and the non-statutory methods of assessing post-mining structures as a form of tools that are used to protect them and as a form of a recommendation for providing their comprehensive historical, cultural, and social valuation. Moreover, the research was also based on archival materials provided by ZGH Bolesław as well as in-situ studies.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"10 1","pages":"53 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88654844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A novel photocatalytic process using a modification of photo-Fenton reaction, with sodium percarbonate (SP), as an alternative source of H2O2, and alloy Al65Cu20Fe15 containing, among others, quasicrystals (of the percentage composition Al65Cu20Fe15), being a source of iron ions, effectively decolourizes the aqueous solution of rhodamine B (RB; solution of 5 mg/l). The source of UV radiation was a lamp with a power of 36 W. The experiments were carried out at pH = 7 and reaction time (from 5 to 60 min). The increase in SP concentration (in the range of 8.3 to 33.3 g/l) significantly increased the degree of degradation of RB and the reaction rate. However, the use of quasicrystals, in the range of 8.3 to 33.3 g/l, was also important in the modified photocatalytic photo-Fenton process. The best degradation effects of RB (95%) were obtained for the highest SP concentration of 33.3 g/l and the lowest quasicrystal concentration of 8.3 g/l. On the other hand, visual decolourization of RB was obtained with an efficiency of 70% for SP and quasicrystal concentrations of 16.7 g/l and 16.7 g/l, respectively, after 45 minutes, and for SP and quasicrystal concentrations of 33.3 g/l and 8.3 g/l, respectively, after the time of 20 minutes. The best RB degradation effects in the comparative method (UV/Na2CO3·1.5H2O2 without the addition of quasicrystals) were only 52.7%. The obtained results encourage further research to optimize the conditions of the proposed method and to investigate its applicability to other types of dyes and pollutants.
{"title":"Photocatalytic Decolourization of Rhodamine B by Modified Photo-Fenton Process with Quasicrystals – Preliminary Research","authors":"S. Łoński, W. Łoński, R. Babilas, K. Barbusiński","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A novel photocatalytic process using a modification of photo-Fenton reaction, with sodium percarbonate (SP), as an alternative source of H2O2, and alloy Al65Cu20Fe15 containing, among others, quasicrystals (of the percentage composition Al65Cu20Fe15), being a source of iron ions, effectively decolourizes the aqueous solution of rhodamine B (RB; solution of 5 mg/l). The source of UV radiation was a lamp with a power of 36 W. The experiments were carried out at pH = 7 and reaction time (from 5 to 60 min). The increase in SP concentration (in the range of 8.3 to 33.3 g/l) significantly increased the degree of degradation of RB and the reaction rate. However, the use of quasicrystals, in the range of 8.3 to 33.3 g/l, was also important in the modified photocatalytic photo-Fenton process. The best degradation effects of RB (95%) were obtained for the highest SP concentration of 33.3 g/l and the lowest quasicrystal concentration of 8.3 g/l. On the other hand, visual decolourization of RB was obtained with an efficiency of 70% for SP and quasicrystal concentrations of 16.7 g/l and 16.7 g/l, respectively, after 45 minutes, and for SP and quasicrystal concentrations of 33.3 g/l and 8.3 g/l, respectively, after the time of 20 minutes. The best RB degradation effects in the comparative method (UV/Na2CO3·1.5H2O2 without the addition of quasicrystals) were only 52.7%. The obtained results encourage further research to optimize the conditions of the proposed method and to investigate its applicability to other types of dyes and pollutants.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"4 1","pages":"171 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88289066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper presents the analysis of the statistical errors of the meteorological parameters predicted by the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model. The model is used for forecasting air pollution in the Silesian Voivodeship with an accuracy of about 70-80%. Thus, the main idea of the research was assessing to what extent the error in the forecast of meteorological parameters affects the error of the air quality forecast, which can be evaluated using the system InfoSMOG – MED for the inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship at www.slaskiesmogstop. It was also investigated how the reduction of the mesh size of the forecast of meteorological parameters affects the error of the forecast of these parameters, which was necessary for the next project SMART. The research was carried out for 3 computational domains: Poland, Silesian Voivodeship and Upper Silesia Metropolitan Region, each with a different grid resolution. The predicted temperature and wind speed data were compared with the measured data from the Polish synoptic stations and the stations of the METAR airports meteorological shield located in the respective domains. In addition, the error of the predicted parameters was investigated in the grid where the climatological station is located in the Śląskie Planetarium in Chorzów.
摘要本文分析了WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting，天气研究与预报)模式预报的气象参数的统计误差。该模型用于预测西里西亚省的空气污染，精度约为70-80%。因此，研究的主要思想是评估气象参数预测误差对空气质量预测误差的影响程度，这可以使用为西里西亚省居民提供的InfoSMOG - MED系统在www.slaskiesmogstop上进行评估。研究了气象参数预报网格尺寸的减小对气象参数预报误差的影响，为下一步的SMART项目提供了必要的参考。该研究针对3个计算域进行:波兰、西里西亚省和上西里西亚大都市区，每个域具有不同的网格分辨率。将预报的温度和风速资料与波兰天气站和METAR机场气象屏蔽站在各自区域的实测资料进行比较。此外，还对Chorzów Śląskie天文馆气象站所在格网的预测参数误差进行了研究。
{"title":"Verification of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) for the Domain of Silesian Voivodeship and Upper Silesia Metropolitan Region","authors":"J. Bronder, Janina Fudała","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents the analysis of the statistical errors of the meteorological parameters predicted by the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model. The model is used for forecasting air pollution in the Silesian Voivodeship with an accuracy of about 70-80%. Thus, the main idea of the research was assessing to what extent the error in the forecast of meteorological parameters affects the error of the air quality forecast, which can be evaluated using the system InfoSMOG – MED for the inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship at www.slaskiesmogstop. It was also investigated how the reduction of the mesh size of the forecast of meteorological parameters affects the error of the forecast of these parameters, which was necessary for the next project SMART. The research was carried out for 3 computational domains: Poland, Silesian Voivodeship and Upper Silesia Metropolitan Region, each with a different grid resolution. The predicted temperature and wind speed data were compared with the measured data from the Polish synoptic stations and the stations of the METAR airports meteorological shield located in the respective domains. In addition, the error of the predicted parameters was investigated in the grid where the climatological station is located in the Śląskie Planetarium in Chorzów.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"2 1","pages":"103 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88558201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract With the emergence of Industry 4.0, the use of robotic technologies is among today’s trends. The innovations that this revolution brought to robotic construction in the fields of communication, control, and software also improve flying robot technology. In the study, the place and importance of drone technology, which is one of the flying robot technologies at the intersection of Industry 4.0 and AEC (architecture, engineering, and construction) industry, in architecture is defined. The research aims to analyze the digital fabrication studies with drone technology in the field of architecture by reviewing the literature and to reveal how these applications are followed. Studies with drones, which are the technology of the future, are presented by creating a timeline. Drone studies in the building and construction industry were classified according to drone type, gripper and software features and comparative analyses were made. As a result, it is desired to show the development of drone technology in architecture, examine how it is used, and create a reference study in the light of existing examples for its use in future applications.
随着工业4.0的出现，机器人技术的使用是当今的趋势之一。这场革命在通信、控制和软件领域给机器人结构带来的创新也提高了飞行机器人技术。无人机技术是工业4.0与AEC (architecture, engineering, and construction)行业交叉的飞行机器人技术之一，在研究中定义了无人机技术在建筑中的地位和重要性。本研究旨在通过回顾文献，分析无人机技术在建筑领域的数字制造研究，并揭示这些应用是如何遵循的。无人机是未来的技术，通过创建时间轴来展示无人机的研究。根据无人机类型、夹持器和软件特点对建筑行业无人机研究进行分类，并进行对比分析。因此，希望展示无人机技术在建筑中的发展，研究它是如何使用的，并根据现有的例子创建一个参考研究，以供其在未来的应用中使用。
{"title":"Flying Robot Technology (Drone) Trends: A Review in the Building and Construction Industry","authors":"Ç. Takva, Z. İlerisoy","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the emergence of Industry 4.0, the use of robotic technologies is among today’s trends. The innovations that this revolution brought to robotic construction in the fields of communication, control, and software also improve flying robot technology. In the study, the place and importance of drone technology, which is one of the flying robot technologies at the intersection of Industry 4.0 and AEC (architecture, engineering, and construction) industry, in architecture is defined. The research aims to analyze the digital fabrication studies with drone technology in the field of architecture by reviewing the literature and to reveal how these applications are followed. Studies with drones, which are the technology of the future, are presented by creating a timeline. Drone studies in the building and construction industry were classified according to drone type, gripper and software features and comparative analyses were made. As a result, it is desired to show the development of drone technology in architecture, examine how it is used, and create a reference study in the light of existing examples for its use in future applications.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"56 1","pages":"47 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88156683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The efficiency of energy resources and the research and development of electricity generation technologies from renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important as the use of renewable energy has increased. Northern Cyprus has undertaken attempts to boost the use of renewable energy sources and reduce its reliance on petroleum-based products, similar to many other countries, and as a result, Solar energy utilization has recently grown in this country. This article assesses the current state of PV panel mounting systems and related concerns in Northern Cyprus. In this regard, extensive and reliable data were collected from five distinct sources including authorities, ministries, stakeholders, and inspections. The current state of PV panel mounting systems was evaluated based on data analysis, and the main weaknesses, major concerns, and critical problems were identified. Ultimately, two fundamental recommendations were made to overcome the identified problems. First, developing stringent guidelines to properly use renewable energy sources while minimizing side effects and unwanted losses, second, considering quality control and strict supervision to inspect the implementation of standards.
{"title":"Assessment of the Current State of Photovoltaic Panel Mounting Systems and Related Concerns in Northern Cyprus","authors":"S. O. Ravari, A. Ö. Akçay, R. Resatoglu","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The efficiency of energy resources and the research and development of electricity generation technologies from renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important as the use of renewable energy has increased. Northern Cyprus has undertaken attempts to boost the use of renewable energy sources and reduce its reliance on petroleum-based products, similar to many other countries, and as a result, Solar energy utilization has recently grown in this country. This article assesses the current state of PV panel mounting systems and related concerns in Northern Cyprus. In this regard, extensive and reliable data were collected from five distinct sources including authorities, ministries, stakeholders, and inspections. The current state of PV panel mounting systems was evaluated based on data analysis, and the main weaknesses, major concerns, and critical problems were identified. Ultimately, two fundamental recommendations were made to overcome the identified problems. First, developing stringent guidelines to properly use renewable energy sources while minimizing side effects and unwanted losses, second, considering quality control and strict supervision to inspect the implementation of standards.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"64 1","pages":"131 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85044413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The study presents the results of a numerical analysis of the effectiveness of the use of personal protective equipment of various designs on the spread of pollutants marked with CO2 emitted during human breathing. In the study of 3D geometry the upper part of the human torso and head was developed. The simulated person was supplied with different personal protective equipment covering the human face (PPE). Two types of face shields worn at a different distance from the face and one fabric face mask was analysed. The reference geometry with no personal protective equipment was also analysed. Transient calculation with full breathing model including breath-in and breath-out and species transport were simulated. The results showed that different PPE generates different airflow patterns in the vicinity of the human face. The most efficient in reducing infection risk is by wearing a face mask or face shields at a small distance from the face, as they most effectively reduce CO2 concentration in the surrounding air. However, they also increase the re-inhalation risk of high CO2 concentration which affects human well-being.
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of the Impact of the Use of Personal Protective Equipment on the Face in the Process of Pollutants Spreading Emitted During Breathing","authors":"Anna Bulińska, Stanisław Kocik, Z. Buliński","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study presents the results of a numerical analysis of the effectiveness of the use of personal protective equipment of various designs on the spread of pollutants marked with CO2 emitted during human breathing. In the study of 3D geometry the upper part of the human torso and head was developed. The simulated person was supplied with different personal protective equipment covering the human face (PPE). Two types of face shields worn at a different distance from the face and one fabric face mask was analysed. The reference geometry with no personal protective equipment was also analysed. Transient calculation with full breathing model including breath-in and breath-out and species transport were simulated. The results showed that different PPE generates different airflow patterns in the vicinity of the human face. The most efficient in reducing infection risk is by wearing a face mask or face shields at a small distance from the face, as they most effectively reduce CO2 concentration in the surrounding air. However, they also increase the re-inhalation risk of high CO2 concentration which affects human well-being.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":"113 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87445291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper is aimed at defining a multi-comfortable urban architectural environment and strategies for achieving it during the restoration-reconstructive transformations of historical city centers. The definition of the “multi-comfortable urban architectural environment” is given. Its ten criteria are highlighted and recommendations are given for its achieverment. A model of a multi-comfortable historical urban environment has been developed, where its image (beauty) – function (interest) – infrastructure (convenience) – “urban performance” (activity), criteria for multi-comfort and key strategies suitable for improving each of the four components are interconnected. The developed model, the highlighted criteria for determining the multi-comfortable urban environment, and the proposed recommendations will be useful in the development of complex projects of restoration-reconstructive transformations of historical cities, as well as in the new design in them. It has been determined that a multi-comfortable urban architectural environment, where a person is in the main, should be the result of any restoration-reconstructive transformations of historical city centers.
{"title":"Multi-Comfortable Urban Architectural Environment","authors":"N. Leshchenko, A. Holovatiuk","doi":"10.2478/acee-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper is aimed at defining a multi-comfortable urban architectural environment and strategies for achieving it during the restoration-reconstructive transformations of historical city centers. The definition of the “multi-comfortable urban architectural environment” is given. Its ten criteria are highlighted and recommendations are given for its achieverment. A model of a multi-comfortable historical urban environment has been developed, where its image (beauty) – function (interest) – infrastructure (convenience) – “urban performance” (activity), criteria for multi-comfort and key strategies suitable for improving each of the four components are interconnected. The developed model, the highlighted criteria for determining the multi-comfortable urban environment, and the proposed recommendations will be useful in the development of complex projects of restoration-reconstructive transformations of historical cities, as well as in the new design in them. It has been determined that a multi-comfortable urban architectural environment, where a person is in the main, should be the result of any restoration-reconstructive transformations of historical city centers.","PeriodicalId":8117,"journal":{"name":"Architecture Civil Engineering Environment","volume":"19 1","pages":"5 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75745917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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