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The Corona Virus Problem Via Linear Time-Equation 基于线性时间方程的冠状病毒问题
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.151
E. Gluskin
Besides the visual heuristic side, our research of the Corona Virus Problem includes the line of physics considerations and the equational line. The present work is merely devoted to the latter line. It appears that some proposed special covering of some of the Corona Virus molecules, which is purposed to cause an antagonism between these molecules and those uncovered, leads to turning a nonlinear balance equation into a linear time-variant one (which the physicists sometime call "parametric equation").
除了视觉启发式方面,我们对冠状病毒问题的研究还包括物理考虑线和方程线。本文只论述后一条路线。似乎有人提议对某些冠状病毒分子进行特殊覆盖,目的是使这些分子与未覆盖的分子之间产生拮抗作用,从而将非线性平衡方程转变为线性时变方程(物理学家有时称之为“参数方程”)。
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引用次数: 0
Sero Prevalence and Risk factors forSheep Pox and Lumpy Skin Disease and Their Comparison to Capri Pox Double Antigen Multispecies ELISA in Khartoum and Kordofan States in Sudan 苏丹喀土穆州和科尔多凡州羊痘和疙瘩性皮肤病血清患病率和危险因素及其与卡普里痘双抗原多种ELISA的比较
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.S3.001
Mohammed E. Mansour, Maximillian Baumann, GelagayAyelet
A cross-sectional survey was performed in the Kordofan region, from March to September 2011 was compared to Capripox Double Ag ELISA for multispecies. The estimated overall sero-prevalence of sheep pox in Kordofan region was 73.4% determined by virus neutralization and was prevalent in both South and North Kordofan states at 85% and 63.6% respectively. However, Seroprevalence for lumpy skin A cross-sectional survey was performed in the Kordofan region, from March to September 2011 was compared to Capripox Double Ag ELISA for multispecies. The estimated overall sero-Prevalence of sheep pox in Kordofan region was 73.4% determined by virus neutralization and was prevalent in both South and North Kordofan states at 85% and 63.6% respectively. However, Sero-Prevalence for lumpy skin disease was 5% and 62% for sheep pox by using Capripox Double Ag ELISA. The serological information was used to identify potential risk factors associated with sheep pox outbreaks. The risk factors identified were the breed, age, sex, species, movement patterns, herd size and geographic region. In addition, a questionnaire explored producer’s knowledge about the disease in the Sudan. The results of the questionnaire were that both nomadic as well as fixed farmers were generally aware of sheep pox as a disease, but most did not have full knowledge about the disease. Greater than half of producers experienced the disease in the past 2 years and did not have their sheep vaccinated.disease was 5% and 62% for sheep pox by using Capripox Double Ag ELISA. The serological information was used to identify potential risk factors associated with sheep pox outbreaks. The risk factors identified were the breed, age, sex, species, movement patterns, herd size and geographic region. In addition, a questionnaire explored producer’s knowledge about the disease in the Sudan. The results of the questionnaire were that both nomadic as well as fixed farmers were generally aware of sheep pox as a disease, but most did not have full knowledge about the disease. Greater than half of producers experienced the disease in the past 2 years and did not have their sheep vaccinated.
2011年3月至9月在科尔多凡地区进行了横断面调查,并与多种Capripox Double Ag ELISA进行了比较。通过病毒中和测定,科尔多凡州羊痘的血清总流行率估计为73.4%,在南科尔多凡州和北科尔多凡州的流行率分别为85%和63.6%。然而,2011年3月至9月在科尔多凡地区进行了横断面调查,并将其与多种Capripox Double Ag ELISA进行了比较。通过病毒中和测定,科尔多凡州羊痘的估计总体血清流行率为73.4%,在南科尔多凡州和北科尔多凡州的流行率分别为85%和63.6%。然而,羊痘双抗原ELISA检测的羊痘肿块性皮肤病血清患病率为5%,羊痘为62%。血清学信息用于确定与羊痘暴发相关的潜在危险因素。确定的危险因素有品种、年龄、性别、种类、活动模式、畜群规模和地理区域。此外,还调查了苏丹生产者对该病的了解情况。问卷调查的结果表明,游牧和固定农民都普遍知道羊痘是一种疾病,但大多数人对这种疾病并不完全了解。超过一半的生产者在过去两年中经历了这种疾病,并且没有给他们的羊接种疫苗。羊痘双抗原ELISA法检测羊痘病阳性率分别为5%和62%。血清学信息用于确定与羊痘暴发相关的潜在危险因素。确定的危险因素有品种、年龄、性别、种类、活动模式、畜群规模和地理区域。此外,还调查了苏丹生产者对该病的了解情况。问卷调查的结果表明,游牧和固定农民都普遍知道羊痘是一种疾病,但大多数人对这种疾病并不完全了解。超过一半的生产者在过去两年中经历了这种疾病,并且没有给他们的羊接种疫苗。
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引用次数: 0
Forming a Non-Profit Organization for Patients with a Urological Disease in 1984: Does it relate to Clinical Microbiology Today? 1984年成立非营利性泌尿系统疾病患者组织:它与今天的临床微生物学有关吗?
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.138
V. Ratner
Interstitial Cystitis (IC), also known as Painful Bladder Syndrome (PBS), was initially described in the mid 1800’s. It was not until 1984 that a patient non-profit organization, the Interstitial Cystitis Association (ICA), was formed in order to work with IC patients and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to define and increase research on this enigmatic and debilitating condition. The media played an important role in bringing together patients and helping them understand that they were not alone in their suffering. Epidemiological studies legitimized the disease and research at the NIH and other academic institutions progressed enormously. However, despite over 30 years of hard work, urologists have been unable to determine a cause for IC or any truly effective treatments to help patients suffering from this condition. Collaboration with other specialties, in particular clinical microbiology, may prove fruitful in advancing research into the cause and potential treatments for IC.
间质性膀胱炎(IC),也被称为膀胱疼痛综合征(PBS),最初是在19世纪中期被描述的。直到1984年,一个患者非营利组织——间质性膀胱炎协会(ICA)才成立,目的是与间质性膀胱炎患者和美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)合作,确定并加强对这种神秘而使人衰弱的疾病的研究。媒体发挥了重要作用,将病人聚集在一起,帮助他们了解,他们并不孤单地承受着痛苦。流行病学研究使这种疾病合法化,美国国立卫生研究院和其他学术机构的研究取得了巨大进展。然而,尽管经过了30多年的努力,泌尿科医生一直无法确定IC的原因,也无法找到任何真正有效的治疗方法来帮助患有这种疾病的患者。与其他专业,特别是临床微生物学的合作,可能会在推进IC病因和潜在治疗的研究方面取得丰硕成果。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Retreatment with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ ritonavir, dasabuvir+sofosbuvir+ribavirin in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C, Subtype 1b and Cirrhosis, Who Failed Previous with First- and Second-generation NS5A Inhibitors ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ ritonavir, dasabuvir+sofosbuvir+利巴韦林在先前使用第一代和第二代NS5A抑制剂失败的1b型慢性丙型肝炎和肝硬化患者再治疗的有效性
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.S4.167
S. V. Fedorchenko, Tatiana Martynovych, Zhanna Klimenko, Iryna Soliank
The use of Direct�Acting Antiviral agents (DAAs) in patients with chronic HCV GenoType (GT) 1 infection results in Sustained Virologic Response (SVR) rates of 95%-97%, but 3%-5% of patients experience virologic failure. We observed 41 patients infected with HCV subtype 1b who failed previous treatment with DAAs, including 37 subjects (90.2%) with liver cirrhosis. In total, 30(73.2%) subjects previously received NS5A inhibitors of the first generation (ledipasvir, daclatasvir, or ombitasvir) and 11 subjects (26.8%) received NS5A inhibitors of the second generation (velpatasvir). All patients received retreatment with a combination of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir (3D) with Sofosbuvir (SOF) and Ribavirin (RBV). We compared SVR12 rates depending on fibrosis stage, presence of just single or double NS5A mutation (L31M/V/I and/or Y93H), and the generation of previously used NS5A inhibitors. Observed SVR12 rates were as follows: 97.6% (40/41 patients) overall; 100% in patients without cirrhosis (n=4) versus 97.3% in those with cirrhosis (n=37); 100% with single L31M/V/I or Y93H mutation (n=22) versus 94.4% with double mutations (n=18); 100% in patients who failed previous treatment with first�generation (n=30) versus 90.9% in those who failed previous treatment with second�generation NS5A inhibitors (n=11).
direct的使用?慢性HCV基因型(GT) 1感染患者的抗病毒药物(DAAs)可导致95%-97%的持续病毒学应答(SVR)率,但3%-5%的患者出现病毒学失败。我们观察了41例先前用DAAs治疗失败的HCV亚型1b感染患者,其中37例(90.2%)患有肝硬化。总共有30名(73.2%)受试者先前接受了第一代NS5A抑制剂(ledipasvir、daclatasvir或ombitasvir), 11名(26.8%)受试者接受了第二代NS5A抑制剂(velpatasvir)。所有患者均接受了ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir和dasabuvir (3D)联合索非布韦(SOF)和利巴韦林(RBV)的再治疗。我们比较了SVR12的发生率,这取决于纤维化阶段、单个或双NS5A突变(L31M/V/I和/或Y93H)的存在,以及以前使用的NS5A抑制剂的产生。观察到的SVR12率如下:总体97.6%(40/41例);无肝硬化患者为100% (n=4),肝硬化患者为97.3% (n=37);100%为L31M/V/I或Y93H单突变(n=22), 94.4%为双突变(n=18);先前使用first - 治疗失败的患者100%与先前使用second治疗失败的患者相比,并发症发生率为90.9% (n=30)。第一代NS5A抑制剂(n=11)。
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引用次数: 1
Brief Overview on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain 西班牙COVID-19大流行概况
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.159
V. Martínez
We analyze the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Several numerical methods and models are studied to understand how the evolution of this pandemic is referenced. We also justify the adjustments that we have made in order to interpret the public data supplied by the Spanish Government. Finally, we present some of the lessons learned so that we way carry out early actions when we are immersed in similar pandemics.
我们分析了COVID-19大流行在西班牙的演变。研究了几种数值方法和模型,以了解如何参考这次大流行的演变。我们还为解释西班牙政府提供的公开数据所作的调整提供了理由。最后,我们提出了一些经验教训,以便我们在遇到类似流行病时尽早采取行动。
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引用次数: 0
Staining For Bacterial Detection 染色法检测细菌
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.152
S. Asin
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引用次数: 0
Zika Virus: A Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus 寨卡病毒:一种蚊媒黄病毒
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.142
Samuel fedel
The Zika virus is part of the Flaviviridae family of viruses. It is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes that are active during the day, such as A. Aegypti, A. Albopictus. Its name comes from the Ugandan Zika Forest, where, in 1947, the virus was first isolated. The species shares dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses with the Zika virus. There are sometimes no or only mild signs of an infection known as Zika fever or Zika virus disease, similar to a very mild type of dengue fever.
寨卡病毒是黄病毒科病毒的一部分。它是由白天活跃的伊蚊传播的,如埃及伊蚊、白纹伊蚊。它的名字来自乌干达的寨卡森林,1947年,这种病毒在那里首次被分离出来。该物种与寨卡病毒共享登革热、黄热病、日本脑炎和西尼罗河病毒。有时没有或只有轻微的感染迹象,称为寨卡热或寨卡病毒病,类似于一种非常轻微的登革热。
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引用次数: 0
Saccharomyces: An Overview 酵母菌:概述
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.162
S. Aaron
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引用次数: 0
Editorial Note on Black Fungus 关于黑木耳的社论注释
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.E001
S. Aaron
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引用次数: 0
The Biology of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and their Role in Pathogenesis of Erythema Multiforme and Other Inflammatory Dermatoses: A Mini Literature Review 浆细胞样树突状细胞的生物学及其在多形性红斑和其他炎症性皮肤病发病机制中的作用:一个小型文献综述
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.160
Hatice Zengin, B. Smoller
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDCs) are a unique dendritic cell population with both innate and adaptive immune functions. When pDCs get activated by various pathogens or self-DNA, they are able to produce massive amount of interferon type I and play an essential role in immune defense mechanisms. Plasmacytoid DCs are generally absent from the normal skin. In the past decade, their involvement in pathogenesis of different inflammatory dermatoses has been widely explored. Plasmacytoid DCs’ excessive sensing of non-self or self-DNA (upon skin injury) was addressed as a primary trigger for many cutaneous pathologies. Recently, we have also shown significant amount of pDCs in erythema multiforme lesions and hypothesized that these cells are central to EM pathogenesis as well. However, neither EM pathogenesis nor pDCs’ actual role in this entity is well studied. In this mini review, our goal is to outline recent updates on pDCs and their role in particular inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. Our focus will also be the highlights of our recent study and our perspective regarding relationship between pDCs and EM.
浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDCs)是一种独特的树突状细胞群,具有先天和适应性免疫功能。当pDCs被各种病原体或自身dna激活时,它们能够产生大量的I型干扰素,在免疫防御机制中发挥重要作用。浆细胞样dc一般不存在于正常皮肤中。在过去的十年中,它们在不同炎症性皮肤病的发病机制中的作用被广泛探讨。浆细胞样dc对非自身或自身dna的过度感知(在皮肤损伤时)被认为是许多皮肤病变的主要触发因素。最近,我们也在多形性红斑病变中发现了大量的pDCs,并假设这些细胞也是EM发病机制的核心。然而,无论是EM发病机制还是pDCs在该实体中的实际作用都没有得到很好的研究。在这篇小型综述中,我们的目标是概述pDCs的最新进展及其在特定炎症性皮肤病(如牛皮癣)中的作用。我们的重点也将是我们最近研究的亮点,以及我们对pDCs与EM之间关系的看法。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Archives of Clinical Microbiology
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