Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.11.1.103
Maryam Homayoon, Y. Tahamtan, M. Kargar
Purpose: Pasteurella multocida has been correlated with commensal pathogens in the respiratory tract of birds and mammals. The purpose of the present study was to verify the cellular immune responses in Balb/c mice inoculated with the iron inactivated vaccine adjuvanted with bDNAby the detection of cytokines from spleen cells and serum. Methods: Mice were experimentally immunized with P. multocida killed antigens to study the splenocyte suspension and serum cytokines proliferation at different groups of post-immunization. We used P. multocida A (AbDNA), P. multocida B (BbDNA), S. typhimurium (SbDNA) bacterial DNAs and alum as adjuvants. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-12 titer were tested by ELISA. Results: Mice immunized with vaccine formulations containing bDNAs as adjuvant produced a higher level of interleukins than alum and control groups. The serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-12) was significantly higher (p<0.01) in vaccinated animals compared to control groups. A peak of IL-6 (59.8 pg/ml) and IL-12 (26.4 pg/ml) was recorded in in vitro stimulated splenocytes in the IIA+SbDNA group. Conclusion: These findings designated that killed P. multocida antigens formulated with bacterial DNAs as an adjuvant are possible vaccine candidates against P. multocida infections. The effect of the bacterial DNAs on the cellular immune response can be exploited in the development of new vaccines.
{"title":"The Comparison Detection of Cytokines (IL-6 and IL-12) from Spleen Cells and Serums in Balb/c Mice after Immunization with Killed P. multocida Vaccines Co-formulated with Bacterial DNAs as Adjuvant","authors":"Maryam Homayoon, Y. Tahamtan, M. Kargar","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.11.1.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.11.1.103","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Pasteurella multocida has been correlated with commensal pathogens in the respiratory tract of birds and mammals. The purpose of the present study was to verify the cellular immune responses in Balb/c mice inoculated with the iron inactivated vaccine adjuvanted with bDNAby the detection of cytokines from spleen cells and serum. Methods: Mice were experimentally immunized with P. multocida killed antigens to study the splenocyte suspension and serum cytokines proliferation at different groups of post-immunization. We used P. multocida A (AbDNA), P. multocida B (BbDNA), S. typhimurium (SbDNA) bacterial DNAs and alum as adjuvants. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-12 titer were tested by ELISA. Results: Mice immunized with vaccine formulations containing bDNAs as adjuvant produced a higher level of interleukins than alum and control groups. The serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-12) was significantly higher (p<0.01) in vaccinated animals compared to control groups. A peak of IL-6 (59.8 pg/ml) and IL-12 (26.4 pg/ml) was recorded in in vitro stimulated splenocytes in the IIA+SbDNA group. Conclusion: These findings designated that killed P. multocida antigens formulated with bacterial DNAs as an adjuvant are possible vaccine candidates against P. multocida infections. The effect of the bacterial DNAs on the cellular immune response can be exploited in the development of new vaccines.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73265860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.11.4.120
E. Nasri, H. Mirhendi, B. Ataei, A. Vaezi, S. Sadeghi, H. Fakhim
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 and has rapidly spread worldwide. The overall mortality rate differs between regions, countries, and different patients risk factors. With many infections, immune compromised patients often present with signs and symptoms that are atypical. Herein we report a case of a SARS-CoV-19 infection in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and describe the clinical course, diagnosis, and management of the case. The initial presenting clinical symptoms were dyspnea and cough, followed by sore throat and headache and progression to pneumonia. He was admitted once more with dry cough and fever, without dyspnea after 42 days and treated with 400 mg/kg body weight intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) single dose. This case highlights the importance of COVID-19 infection in immune compromised patients which would be considered in the presence of different presentation and screening procedures. In conclusion, the differential diagnosis of COVID-19 should be pursued when investigating in CLL patient with signs and symptoms of pneumonia.
{"title":"Recurrent COVID-19 Pneumonia in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patient","authors":"E. Nasri, H. Mirhendi, B. Ataei, A. Vaezi, S. Sadeghi, H. Fakhim","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.11.4.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.11.4.120","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 and has rapidly spread worldwide. The overall mortality rate differs between regions, countries, and different patients risk factors. With many infections, immune compromised patients often present with signs and symptoms that are atypical. Herein we report a case of a SARS-CoV-19 infection in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and describe the clinical course, diagnosis, and management of the case. The initial presenting clinical symptoms were dyspnea and cough, followed by sore throat and headache and progression to pneumonia. He was admitted once more with dry cough and fever, without dyspnea after 42 days and treated with 400 mg/kg body weight intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) single dose. This case highlights the importance of COVID-19 infection in immune compromised patients which would be considered in the presence of different presentation and screening procedures. In conclusion, the differential diagnosis of COVID-19 should be pursued when investigating in CLL patient with signs and symptoms of pneumonia.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"84 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79745146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.11.3.109
Ozor Ho, Iroha Ir, Moses Ib, Agbom Jn, Onuora Al, Kalu Ac, Nwakaeze Ea, Uzoeto Ho, Ani Se, Mohammed I, Ngwu Jn, Okata-Nwali Od
The increasing failure of chemotherapeutics and antibiotic resistance exhibited by pathogens has led to screening of several medicinal plants for their antimicrobial potentials. This study was designed to determine the efficacy of ethanol and ethyl acetate seed extracts of Buchholzia coriacea against multidrug-resistant E. coli and Salmonella species isolated from urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) visiting Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki. One hundred and sixteen (116) bacterial pathogens (E. coli=80; Salmonella species=36) isolated from urine samples of UTI patients were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using KirbyBauer disc diffusion technique. The antibacterial activity of ethanol and ethyl acetate seed extracts of Buchholzia coriacea against E. coli and Salmonella species was determined using agar well diffusion technique. Phytochemical screening for the presence of bioactive compounds in Buchholzia coriacea was done using standard analytical method. Results showed that E. coli and Salmonella spp. were generally susceptible to ertapenem, imipenem, gentamycin, ceftriaxone, and aztreonam but resistant to amoxicillin and nitrofurantoin. Ethanol and ethyl acetate seed extracts of Buchholzia coriacea had no activity against all the test organisms. Phytochemical screening results of Buchholzia coriacea seed extracts indicated the presence of some secondary metabolites such as saponin, tannin, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and anthocyanins which are beneficial to man's health for the prevention and management of diseases/ infections. Thus, this study revealed that ertapenem, imipenem, and gentamicin are still active against uropathogenic bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella species) while seed extracts of Buchholzia coriacea were ineffective and cannot be used as an alternative therapeutic choice in treating UTIs. Therefore, it is imperative to carry out awareness campaigns, especially in developing countries, to curtail the trend in consumption of some acclaimed herbal/ medicinal plants for the treatment of infectious diseases until scientific study on their therapeutic potentials is carried out.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol Seed Extracts of Buchholzia coriacea (Wonderful Kola) against Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Salmonella Species and Escherichia coli","authors":"Ozor Ho, Iroha Ir, Moses Ib, Agbom Jn, Onuora Al, Kalu Ac, Nwakaeze Ea, Uzoeto Ho, Ani Se, Mohammed I, Ngwu Jn, Okata-Nwali Od","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.11.3.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.11.3.109","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing failure of chemotherapeutics and antibiotic resistance exhibited by pathogens has led to screening of several medicinal plants for their antimicrobial potentials. This study was designed to determine the efficacy of ethanol and ethyl acetate seed extracts of Buchholzia coriacea against multidrug-resistant E. coli and Salmonella species isolated from urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) visiting Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki. One hundred and sixteen (116) bacterial pathogens (E. coli=80; Salmonella species=36) isolated from urine samples of UTI patients were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using KirbyBauer disc diffusion technique. The antibacterial activity of ethanol and ethyl acetate seed extracts of Buchholzia coriacea against E. coli and Salmonella species was determined using agar well diffusion technique. Phytochemical screening for the presence of bioactive compounds in Buchholzia coriacea was done using standard analytical method. Results showed that E. coli and Salmonella spp. were generally susceptible to ertapenem, imipenem, gentamycin, ceftriaxone, and aztreonam but resistant to amoxicillin and nitrofurantoin. Ethanol and ethyl acetate seed extracts of Buchholzia coriacea had no activity against all the test organisms. Phytochemical screening results of Buchholzia coriacea seed extracts indicated the presence of some secondary metabolites such as saponin, tannin, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and anthocyanins which are beneficial to man's health for the prevention and management of diseases/ infections. Thus, this study revealed that ertapenem, imipenem, and gentamicin are still active against uropathogenic bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella species) while seed extracts of Buchholzia coriacea were ineffective and cannot be used as an alternative therapeutic choice in treating UTIs. Therefore, it is imperative to carry out awareness campaigns, especially in developing countries, to curtail the trend in consumption of some acclaimed herbal/ medicinal plants for the treatment of infectious diseases until scientific study on their therapeutic potentials is carried out.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"86 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77261608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.11.4.122
Monib Ullah, K. Shinwari, H. Khan, Wisal Ahmad, Salahuddin
Background: Tuberculosis is an infection of lungs accompanied by coughing more than two weeks, fever, and night sweat, loss of appetite, weight loss and anorexia. Approximately 33% of the entire world population has infected the incidence of TB is 9 lac new cases each year with mortality rate of 1.3 million. There are 22 high risk burden countries accounting for nearly 80% entire TB of the globe. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional investigation was carried out to analyze patients by both immune chromatographic test and direct sputum smear microscopy. Patients were asked through a questionnaire mentioning the age, name, gender, location, and symptoms of TB. Thrusfield formula was used from veterinary microbiology to calculate the sample number. So, with 95% confidence interval, 5% absolute precision, I analyzed only 324 subjects of interest. Results: The entire positivity rate was 25% in which 79.5% was the rate of positivity by ICT and 20.5% by sputum smear microscopy. Higher positivity by Age range 20-40 showed 40.9% by ICT and by sputum it was found in age group 1-20 years 17.5%. Based on gender, higher positivity rate was found by both tests in females as compared to males. Females were 31.8% positive by ICT and 10% by sputum test. Males were 22.8% positive by ICT and 5% by sputum test. Marital status based higher positivity by ICT was found in married which is 29.11% while positivity in unmarried which is 12.5%. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is still a prevalent disease in lower Dir Khyber Pukhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The more positivity rate has found in females as compared to males. It requires further sophisticated investigation to acquire a more accurate result in case of tuberculosis prevalence in lower Dir region of KP province of Pakistan. As the DOTS strategy states, Directly observed treatment and short course is a better way to early case detection and treatment otherwise the disease can become more exaggerated in short period of time because the bacteria is an airborne pathogen so it can freely transmit to the lungs.
{"title":"Comparative Sero-Epidemiological Prevalence of TB with Acid Fast Bacilli sputum Positive Cases in TB Suspects of Lower Dir","authors":"Monib Ullah, K. Shinwari, H. Khan, Wisal Ahmad, Salahuddin","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.11.4.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.11.4.122","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tuberculosis is an infection of lungs accompanied by coughing more than two weeks, fever, and night sweat, loss of appetite, weight loss and anorexia. Approximately 33% of the entire world population has infected the incidence of TB is 9 lac new cases each year with mortality rate of 1.3 million. There are 22 high risk burden countries accounting for nearly 80% entire TB of the globe. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional investigation was carried out to analyze patients by both immune chromatographic test and direct sputum smear microscopy. Patients were asked through a questionnaire mentioning the age, name, gender, location, and symptoms of TB. Thrusfield formula was used from veterinary microbiology to calculate the sample number. So, with 95% confidence interval, 5% absolute precision, I analyzed only 324 subjects of interest. Results: The entire positivity rate was 25% in which 79.5% was the rate of positivity by ICT and 20.5% by sputum smear microscopy. Higher positivity by Age range 20-40 showed 40.9% by ICT and by sputum it was found in age group 1-20 years 17.5%. Based on gender, higher positivity rate was found by both tests in females as compared to males. Females were 31.8% positive by ICT and 10% by sputum test. Males were 22.8% positive by ICT and 5% by sputum test. Marital status based higher positivity by ICT was found in married which is 29.11% while positivity in unmarried which is 12.5%. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is still a prevalent disease in lower Dir Khyber Pukhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The more positivity rate has found in females as compared to males. It requires further sophisticated investigation to acquire a more accurate result in case of tuberculosis prevalence in lower Dir region of KP province of Pakistan. As the DOTS strategy states, Directly observed treatment and short course is a better way to early case detection and treatment otherwise the disease can become more exaggerated in short period of time because the bacteria is an airborne pathogen so it can freely transmit to the lungs.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86983647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.4172/1989-8436-C1-017
L. Kovács, K. Gornicsar, T. Mozes
{"title":"TNFandalpha; and peritonitis","authors":"L. Kovács, K. Gornicsar, T. Mozes","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436-C1-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436-C1-017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"405 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84864639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.10.1.88
M. Karrasch, W. Pfister, M. Diab, T. Doenst, Bettina Loffler, J. Rodel
{"title":"Proof of Concept Evaluation of a New Diagnostic POCT Device for Culture- Independent Microbiological Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis","authors":"M. Karrasch, W. Pfister, M. Diab, T. Doenst, Bettina Loffler, J. Rodel","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.10.1.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.10.1.88","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80258852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.10.6.98
M. Hallajzadeh, A. Mojtahedi, V. Mahabadi, N. Amirmozafari
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major threat to human health. It is considered to be a Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogen capable of causing a variety of diseases. MRSA is also one of the most important nosocomial pathogens in burn infection. As a treatment strategy against MRSA infections phage therapy has the potential of becoming alternative remedy. Thus, the aim of present study was to isolate and characterize lytic bacteriophage from hospital sewage effective against burn wounds infecting MRSA isolates. Materials and methods: Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from hospitalized burnt patients. Strains were confirmed as MRSA by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion tests to penicillin, methicillin, and oxacillin and also PCR assay for mecA gene. Phage was isolated from hospital sewage sample and tittered by Double Layer Agar (DLA) method. Spot test was used for host range determination. The latent period and burst size were estimated from one step growth curve. Phage morphology was observed by electron microscopy. The nature of the nucleic acid of isolated bacteriophage was confirmed by using Rnase A, Dnase I and 6 restriction enzymes. Results: The titer, latent period and burst size of the isolated phage was determined to be 1×109 PFU/ml, 20 min and 190 PFU per infected cell, respectively. It displayed a wide host range for MRSA bacteria by spot test (27 isolate from 30).Electron microscopy observation demonstrated that the phage belonged myoviridea family. Digestion profiles of Rnase A, Dnase I and XbaI restriction enzyme on 1% agarose gel Electrophoresis, show that the genome of isolated phage was a double-stranded DNA with a size of <∼43 kbp. Conclusion: The isolated phage was active against a wide range of MRSA strains recovered from burnt patients. Therefore it can be considered as a suitable candidate for use in prophylaxis and treatment of these clinical infections and for the preparation of anti-staphylococcal cocktails.
{"title":"Isolation and In Vitro Evaluation of Bacteriophage against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Burn wounds","authors":"M. Hallajzadeh, A. Mojtahedi, V. Mahabadi, N. Amirmozafari","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.10.6.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.10.6.98","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major threat to human health. It is considered to be a Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogen capable of causing a variety of diseases. MRSA is also one of the most important nosocomial pathogens in burn infection. As a treatment strategy against MRSA infections phage therapy has the potential of becoming alternative remedy. Thus, the aim of present study was to isolate and characterize lytic bacteriophage from hospital sewage effective against burn wounds infecting MRSA isolates. Materials and methods: Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from hospitalized burnt patients. Strains were confirmed as MRSA by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion tests to penicillin, methicillin, and oxacillin and also PCR assay for mecA gene. Phage was isolated from hospital sewage sample and tittered by Double Layer Agar (DLA) method. Spot test was used for host range determination. The latent period and burst size were estimated from one step growth curve. Phage morphology was observed by electron microscopy. The nature of the nucleic acid of isolated bacteriophage was confirmed by using Rnase A, Dnase I and 6 restriction enzymes. Results: The titer, latent period and burst size of the isolated phage was determined to be 1×109 PFU/ml, 20 min and 190 PFU per infected cell, respectively. It displayed a wide host range for MRSA bacteria by spot test (27 isolate from 30).Electron microscopy observation demonstrated that the phage belonged myoviridea family. Digestion profiles of Rnase A, Dnase I and XbaI restriction enzyme on 1% agarose gel Electrophoresis, show that the genome of isolated phage was a double-stranded DNA with a size of <∼43 kbp. Conclusion: The isolated phage was active against a wide range of MRSA strains recovered from burnt patients. Therefore it can be considered as a suitable candidate for use in prophylaxis and treatment of these clinical infections and for the preparation of anti-staphylococcal cocktails.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"19 3-4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86608854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.10.3.93
Iroha Ir, Okwuchukwu Hn, Moses Ib, Nwakaeze Ae, Ugbo En, U. Ude
Purpose: The cardinal objective of this study was to isolate, phenotypically characterize, and determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas species from retail imported mackerel frozen fishes sold in Abakaliki metropolis. Methods: Exactly 100 mackerel frozen fish samples were collected from two selected markets within Abakaliki metropolis. They were analyzed for the presence of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. using standard microbiological techniques. Isolated E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. were screened for ESBL production using double disc synergy test and positive ESBL-producing E. coli were afterwards tested for their susceptibility to different classes of antibiotics using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Results showed that out of 100 fish samples analyzed, 69 (69%) were positive for Pseudomonas spp. while 21 (21%) were positive for E. coli. Out of the 21 E. coli isolated, 7 (33.3%) were confirmed to be ESBL-producers while none (0) of the Pseudomonas species isolated produced ESBL. All the ESBL-positive E. coli were completely resistant (100%) to ceftriazone, amoxicillin, cefuroxime, ticarcillin/clavanic acid, cefepime, and piperacillin. They also exhibited resistance to chloramphenicol (83.5%), and tobramycin (58.5%). Interestingly, ciprofloxacin was the most active antibiotic against the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates as they were all completely susceptible (100%) to this fluoroquinolone antibiotic. The average multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) of the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates was 0.84 and this depicts their multi-drug resistance traits as they were resistant to at least two different classes of antibiotics. Conclusion: This study has shown that mackerel fish might be a possible reservoir of ESBL-producing E. coli and may contribute to the spread of ESBL-producing bacterial strains to human through the food chain, thus resulting in food borne illnesses and other public health problems. Therefore, it is imperative to holistically evaluate the drift of imported fish in Abakaliki and nationwide so as to curb possible public health consequences which could arise as a result of the consumption of imported fishes harbouring ESBL-producing bacteria.
{"title":"Isolation of Pseudomonas Species and Extended Spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from Retail Imported Mackerel Frozen Fishes Sold inAbakaliki Metropolis","authors":"Iroha Ir, Okwuchukwu Hn, Moses Ib, Nwakaeze Ae, Ugbo En, U. Ude","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.10.3.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.10.3.93","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The cardinal objective of this study was to isolate, phenotypically characterize, and determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas species from retail imported mackerel frozen fishes sold in Abakaliki metropolis. Methods: Exactly 100 mackerel frozen fish samples were collected from two selected markets within Abakaliki metropolis. They were analyzed for the presence of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. using standard microbiological techniques. Isolated E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. were screened for ESBL production using double disc synergy test and positive ESBL-producing E. coli were afterwards tested for their susceptibility to different classes of antibiotics using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Results showed that out of 100 fish samples analyzed, 69 (69%) were positive for Pseudomonas spp. while 21 (21%) were positive for E. coli. Out of the 21 E. coli isolated, 7 (33.3%) were confirmed to be ESBL-producers while none (0) of the Pseudomonas species isolated produced ESBL. All the ESBL-positive E. coli were completely resistant (100%) to ceftriazone, amoxicillin, cefuroxime, ticarcillin/clavanic acid, cefepime, and piperacillin. They also exhibited resistance to chloramphenicol (83.5%), and tobramycin (58.5%). Interestingly, ciprofloxacin was the most active antibiotic against the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates as they were all completely susceptible (100%) to this fluoroquinolone antibiotic. The average multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) of the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates was 0.84 and this depicts their multi-drug resistance traits as they were resistant to at least two different classes of antibiotics. Conclusion: This study has shown that mackerel fish might be a possible reservoir of ESBL-producing E. coli and may contribute to the spread of ESBL-producing bacterial strains to human through the food chain, thus resulting in food borne illnesses and other public health problems. Therefore, it is imperative to holistically evaluate the drift of imported fish in Abakaliki and nationwide so as to curb possible public health consequences which could arise as a result of the consumption of imported fishes harbouring ESBL-producing bacteria.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88316439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.10.2.90
A. Konaté, N. Guessennd, F. Kouadio, R. Dembélé, A. Kagambèga, Innocent Kouamé Kouadio, Haoua Cissé, M. Ouattara, W. Kaboré, T. Bertin, David Coulibaly N’golo, A. Traoré, N. Barro
Conventional treatment of children with severe gastroenteritis is based on antibiotic therapy. Due to the emergence of Multi-Drug resistant bacteria and pediatric therapeutic failures, this study was undertaken to determine resistance phenotypes of Salmonella spp. responsible for children, gastroenteritis. From August 2013 to October 2015, this study was carried out in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Salmonella spp. we're isolated in diarrheal children, hospitalized or received in consultation at "Centre Medical avec Antenne Chirurgicale Paul VI Reportage at the Medical Center with Surgical Antenna Paul VI" and "Centre Medical avec Antenne Chirurgicale Schiphra" for acute diarrhea. The method of streaking on selective medium was used to isolate bacteria and their identification was done through the standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was based on the disk diffusion method. Fifty three (53) Salmonella spp. strains were isolated. Salmonella spp. were high resistant to amoxicillin (96.2%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (92.5%), tetracycline (73.6%), colistin sulfate (56.6%) and ceftriaxone (50.9%). Resistance was very high in children less than two years of age. The most resistant phenotype represented was the Extended Spectrum β-lactamases phenotype (60.4%). Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella spp. is becoming predominant among Enterobacteriaceae prevalent in pediatric services. These strains becoming resistant to the first-line antibiotics could increase the severity of the situation of Salmonella gastroenteritis in Burkina Faso.
{"title":"Epidemiology and Resistance Phenotypes of Salmonella spp. Strains Responsible for Gastroenteritis in Children less than Five Years of Age in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","authors":"A. Konaté, N. Guessennd, F. Kouadio, R. Dembélé, A. Kagambèga, Innocent Kouamé Kouadio, Haoua Cissé, M. Ouattara, W. Kaboré, T. Bertin, David Coulibaly N’golo, A. Traoré, N. Barro","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.10.2.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.10.2.90","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional treatment of children with severe gastroenteritis is based on antibiotic therapy. Due to the emergence of Multi-Drug resistant bacteria and pediatric therapeutic failures, this study was undertaken to determine resistance phenotypes of Salmonella spp. responsible for children, gastroenteritis. From August 2013 to October 2015, this study was carried out in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Salmonella spp. we're isolated in diarrheal children, hospitalized or received in consultation at \"Centre Medical avec Antenne Chirurgicale Paul VI Reportage at the Medical Center with Surgical Antenna Paul VI\" and \"Centre Medical avec Antenne Chirurgicale Schiphra\" for acute diarrhea. The method of streaking on selective medium was used to isolate bacteria and their identification was done through the standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was based on the disk diffusion method. Fifty three (53) Salmonella spp. strains were isolated. Salmonella spp. were high resistant to amoxicillin (96.2%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (92.5%), tetracycline (73.6%), colistin sulfate (56.6%) and ceftriaxone (50.9%). Resistance was very high in children less than two years of age. The most resistant phenotype represented was the Extended Spectrum β-lactamases phenotype (60.4%). Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella spp. is becoming predominant among Enterobacteriaceae prevalent in pediatric services. These strains becoming resistant to the first-line antibiotics could increase the severity of the situation of Salmonella gastroenteritis in Burkina Faso.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81316362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.10.4.96
L. Rodríguez, A. Rosa, L. Nastri, N Nastri, Jewtuchowicz
Recent publications have reported high prevalence of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto in oral cavity niches. Our research group performed a pilot study in 2017 which showed that of the psilosis complex, C. parapsilosis sensu stricto is the species most frequently isolated from oral cavity niches. Under inflammatory conditions, the probability of recovering it is almost four times higher, and it displays higher biofilm-forming capacity in-vitro, differing significantly from isolates of the same species obtained in conditions of eubiosis. This led us to hypothesize that an oral environment in dysbiosis overregulates virulent genes, promoting a more pathogenic phenotype. Accordingly, we decided to reevaluate the in-vitro biofilm formation assay using a larger sample, under two nutritional conditions, using colorimetric methods for quantification. In addition, the results obtained were validated by imaging techniques. For both clinical conditions (eubiosis and dysbiosis), high biofilm forming phenotype predominated with both reading methods, and for both nutritional conditions tested. XTT showed significant difference between absorbance values for isolates from buccal dysbiosis and eubiosis (p=0.0025). C. parapsilosis sensu stricto cells that colonize oral cavity niches are basically strong biofilm formers, regardless of in vitro growing conditions. However, the oral cavity in dysbiosis probably promotes virulence in this species due to inheritable epigenetic modifications.
{"title":"Candida parapsilosis Sensu Stricto: A Pathobiont in Conditions of Oral Dysbiosis?","authors":"L. Rodríguez, A. Rosa, L. Nastri, N Nastri, Jewtuchowicz","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.10.4.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.10.4.96","url":null,"abstract":"Recent publications have reported high prevalence of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto in oral cavity niches. Our research group performed a pilot study in 2017 which showed that of the psilosis complex, C. parapsilosis sensu stricto is the species most frequently isolated from oral cavity niches. Under inflammatory conditions, the probability of recovering it is almost four times higher, and it displays higher biofilm-forming capacity in-vitro, differing significantly from isolates of the same species obtained in conditions of eubiosis. This led us to hypothesize that an oral environment in dysbiosis overregulates virulent genes, promoting a more pathogenic phenotype. Accordingly, we decided to reevaluate the in-vitro biofilm formation assay using a larger sample, under two nutritional conditions, using colorimetric methods for quantification. In addition, the results obtained were validated by imaging techniques. For both clinical conditions (eubiosis and dysbiosis), high biofilm forming phenotype predominated with both reading methods, and for both nutritional conditions tested. XTT showed significant difference between absorbance values for isolates from buccal dysbiosis and eubiosis (p=0.0025). C. parapsilosis sensu stricto cells that colonize oral cavity niches are basically strong biofilm formers, regardless of in vitro growing conditions. However, the oral cavity in dysbiosis probably promotes virulence in this species due to inheritable epigenetic modifications.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73259264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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