Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.154
Zaka Abbaszade, Gözde Türköz Bakırcı, M. Haghi
Magnetic field, electric field and electric current are part of nature. Therefore, living organisms, likewise viruses, can be affected by physical processes. Therapeutic and supportive effects of electric and magnetic fields are proved in numerous studies on cells, bacteria and viruses. In our review, by keeping in mind this potential, we handled the possible curative or supportive and maybe therapeutic potential of electric and magnetic applications on coronavirus patients as short as possible. Studies have given us an idea to review new application methods using electric and magnetic field for coronavirus treatment. While vaccine and drug studies related to this pandemic continue, alternative therapies are also of great importance and new approaches and different perspectives are needed in this regard.
{"title":"Electric and Magnetic Field Applications as Alternative or Supportive Therapy for Covid-19...","authors":"Zaka Abbaszade, Gözde Türköz Bakırcı, M. Haghi","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.154","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic field, electric field and electric current are part of nature. Therefore, living organisms, likewise viruses, can be affected by physical processes. Therapeutic and supportive effects of electric and magnetic fields are proved in numerous studies on cells, bacteria and viruses. In our review, by keeping in mind this potential, we handled the possible curative or supportive and maybe therapeutic potential of electric and magnetic applications on coronavirus patients as short as possible. Studies have given us an idea to review new application methods using electric and magnetic field for coronavirus treatment. While vaccine and drug studies related to this pandemic continue, alternative therapies are also of great importance and new approaches and different perspectives are needed in this regard.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75512808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.141
Ohanu Me, Nwafia In, Eze Jn
Background: Urinary tract infection is a frequent health problem in children and an important cause of morbidity and mortality, with the highest rate seen in the first 2 years of life. Management of a patient with urinary tract infection depends on good knowledge of the causative agents and local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. This study was designed with the aim to investigate the aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens in children and adolescents at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu. Methods and findings: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu. The laboratory records of all the mid-stream urine samples of children and adolescents analysed from 2014 to 2019 were reviewed. Urine sample results from neonates were excluded. Information extracted from the records included: age, sex, date of submission of urine samples, provisional diagnosis, microbial isolates and their susceptibility patterns to various antibiotics. Analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. Of 2199 urine samples that were analysed, 650 (29.9%) yielded significant bacteriuria with females accounting for more than half (363/650: 55.8%) of the cases; (χ2=4.204; P=0.040). Isolated organisms were mostly Gram negative bacilli 33.8%) than males (126/650; 19.4%); (χ2=13.009; p<0.001). The least isolated Gram negative organisms was Pseudomonas aeruginosa seen in 20/650 (3.1%) of the urine samples The Gram positives cocci isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (59/650; 9.1%) and Streptococcus species (12/650; 1.9%). Candida spp was also isolated in 32/650; 4.9% of the urine samples. Most of the isolated organisms showed very high resistance to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. Moderate resistances were seen with nitrofurantoin, cephalosporins, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and quinolones. The least resistances were shown with carbapenems piperacillin/ tazobactam, linezolid and cefoxitin. Conclusion: The resistance pattern of organisms causing urinary tract infections in children and adolescents to common antibiotics as highlighted in this study is worrisome. Facility specific guideline for antibiotics therapy is urgently advocated for better management of the patients and to ensure good antibiotics stewardship in line with universally accepted standards.
{"title":"Etiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Uropathogens in Children and Adolescents in a Tertiary Hospital: Moving from the Known to the Unknown","authors":"Ohanu Me, Nwafia In, Eze Jn","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.141","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary tract infection is a frequent health problem in children and an important cause of morbidity and mortality, with the highest rate seen in the first 2 years of life. Management of a patient with urinary tract infection depends on good knowledge of the causative agents and local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. This study was designed with the aim to investigate the aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogens in children and adolescents at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu. Methods and findings: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu. The laboratory records of all the mid-stream urine samples of children and adolescents analysed from 2014 to 2019 were reviewed. Urine sample results from neonates were excluded. Information extracted from the records included: age, sex, date of submission of urine samples, provisional diagnosis, microbial isolates and their susceptibility patterns to various antibiotics. Analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. Of 2199 urine samples that were analysed, 650 (29.9%) yielded significant bacteriuria with females accounting for more than half (363/650: 55.8%) of the cases; (χ2=4.204; P=0.040). Isolated organisms were mostly Gram negative bacilli 33.8%) than males (126/650; 19.4%); (χ2=13.009; p<0.001). The least isolated Gram negative organisms was Pseudomonas aeruginosa seen in 20/650 (3.1%) of the urine samples The Gram positives cocci isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (59/650; 9.1%) and Streptococcus species (12/650; 1.9%). Candida spp was also isolated in 32/650; 4.9% of the urine samples. Most of the isolated organisms showed very high resistance to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. Moderate resistances were seen with nitrofurantoin, cephalosporins, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and quinolones. The least resistances were shown with carbapenems piperacillin/ tazobactam, linezolid and cefoxitin. Conclusion: The resistance pattern of organisms causing urinary tract infections in children and adolescents to common antibiotics as highlighted in this study is worrisome. Facility specific guideline for antibiotics therapy is urgently advocated for better management of the patients and to ensure good antibiotics stewardship in line with universally accepted standards.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80576017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.153
Huasheng Zhao, N. Xiao, Jian Wang, Q. Tang
Lower Urinary Tract Infections (LUTIs) are regarded as the most frequent form of bacterial infections and bladder Detrusor Overactivity (DO) are considered to contribute to (OAB), including urinary urgency, urinary frequency, with or without Urgency Incontinence (UI), which is common disorder and influences patient's health and quality of life. Since 1960s, studies had focused on whether DO is the etiological factors of recurrent LUTIs or the inverse. Although the definite correlation between DO and LUTIs have not been proved, urinary microbiota may play a role in genesis of DO that was found by mounting evidences using enhanced urine culture technique and pathophysiological variations of bladder detrusor facilitates bacterial colonization in bladder urothelium. In the future, clarification of correlation between DO and LUTIs needs more scheduled studies and more researches that link the urinary microbiota with Central Nervous System (CNS) function to provide accurately information to help us manage the patients more appropriately.
{"title":"Evaluation of Correlations Between Bladder Detrusor Overactivity and Lower Urinary Tract Infections","authors":"Huasheng Zhao, N. Xiao, Jian Wang, Q. Tang","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.153","url":null,"abstract":"Lower Urinary Tract Infections (LUTIs) are regarded as the most frequent form of bacterial infections and bladder Detrusor Overactivity (DO) are considered to contribute to (OAB), including urinary urgency, urinary frequency, with or without Urgency Incontinence (UI), which is common disorder and influences patient's health and quality of life. Since 1960s, studies had focused on whether DO is the etiological factors of recurrent LUTIs or the inverse. Although the definite correlation between DO and LUTIs have not been proved, urinary microbiota may play a role in genesis of DO that was found by mounting evidences using enhanced urine culture technique and pathophysiological variations of bladder detrusor facilitates bacterial colonization in bladder urothelium. In the future, clarification of correlation between DO and LUTIs needs more scheduled studies and more researches that link the urinary microbiota with Central Nervous System (CNS) function to provide accurately information to help us manage the patients more appropriately.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"62 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77913527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.155
S. Aaron
{"title":"Endotoxin: A Bacterial Toxin","authors":"S. Aaron","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78374131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.139
Fatma Dogan Guzel
Accurate diagnosis of bacteria is one of the most important stages of the definitive treatment of bacterial infections. However, due to the Antibiotic Resistance (AR) that has recently emerged in bacteria, not only the diagnosis of bacteria but also the determination of the antibiotic resistance has become extremely important. For the determination of AR of bacteria, classical microbiological and biochemistry methods are already applied. However, these methods have many disadvantages in terms of cost and time. With advances in technology as well as molecular biology, a new era has emerged for the accurate determination of AR in bacteria as well. For example, electrochemical methods have been developed recently for the label-free diagnosis of both bacteria and their AR. In this we focus on the issues regarding AR of bacteria and their diagnostic significance. Herein, we also focused on the electrochemical method used for the diagnosis of bacteria and AR.
{"title":"Electrochemical Methods for the Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance and Multi-Drug Resistance Bacteria","authors":"Fatma Dogan Guzel","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.139","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate diagnosis of bacteria is one of the most important stages of the definitive treatment of bacterial infections. However, due to the Antibiotic Resistance (AR) that has recently emerged in bacteria, not only the diagnosis of bacteria but also the determination of the antibiotic resistance has become extremely important. For the determination of AR of bacteria, classical microbiological and biochemistry methods are already applied. However, these methods have many disadvantages in terms of cost and time. With advances in technology as well as molecular biology, a new era has emerged for the accurate determination of AR in bacteria as well. For example, electrochemical methods have been developed recently for the label-free diagnosis of both bacteria and their AR. In this we focus on the issues regarding AR of bacteria and their diagnostic significance. Herein, we also focused on the electrochemical method used for the diagnosis of bacteria and AR.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77476582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.163
Maliha Zubairy, F. Kanani, Soma Vankwani
Dengue virus (DENV) and SARS-CoV-2 are single, positive-stranded RNA viruses infecting humans. The early clinical presentation of both viral diseases is quite similar, creating a serious challenge for healthcare providers to discriminate between the two diseases. Recent studies report cases of co-infection as well as cross-reactivity of DENV and COVID-19. Therefore, a retrospective study was designed to identify cases of co-infection/cross-reactivity and its severity based on Liver Function Tests (LFTs). We identified 38 cases of co-infection in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan during the year 2020. These cases were dengue NS-1 Ag or IgM/ IgG antibody-positive along with SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive. The serological profile of co-infected cases revealed that the pattern of dengue serology is mainly based on IgG positivity followed by IgG & IgM positivity. Whereas, a single case of positive NS-1 and a single case of only IgM positive were found. The finding supports that if it is co-infection then might be more common in secondary as compared to primary dengue infection and not causing severe liver damage. This study strongly suggests, to exclude the possibility of cross-reactivity of antibodies in this pandemic condition, dengue infection should be confirmed by using accurate methods (RT-PCR or Virus isolation). Secondly, this study alarms that the dengue-endemic countries are at a higher risk of misdiagnosis of viral infection. Therefore, precautionary measures by the government agencies should be taken in this pandemic situation to reduce dengue infection in future.
{"title":"Dengue and COVID-19 Co-infection or Cross-reactivity: Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Maliha Zubairy, F. Kanani, Soma Vankwani","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.21.12.163","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue virus (DENV) and SARS-CoV-2 are single, positive-stranded RNA viruses infecting humans. The early clinical presentation of both viral diseases is quite similar, creating a serious challenge for healthcare providers to discriminate between the two diseases. Recent studies report cases of co-infection as well as cross-reactivity of DENV and COVID-19. Therefore, a retrospective study was designed to identify cases of co-infection/cross-reactivity and its severity based on Liver Function Tests (LFTs). We identified 38 cases of co-infection in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan during the year 2020. These cases were dengue NS-1 Ag or IgM/ IgG antibody-positive along with SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive. The serological profile of co-infected cases revealed that the pattern of dengue serology is mainly based on IgG positivity followed by IgG & IgM positivity. Whereas, a single case of positive NS-1 and a single case of only IgM positive were found. The finding supports that if it is co-infection then might be more common in secondary as compared to primary dengue infection and not causing severe liver damage. This study strongly suggests, to exclude the possibility of cross-reactivity of antibodies in this pandemic condition, dengue infection should be confirmed by using accurate methods (RT-PCR or Virus isolation). Secondly, this study alarms that the dengue-endemic countries are at a higher risk of misdiagnosis of viral infection. Therefore, precautionary measures by the government agencies should be taken in this pandemic situation to reduce dengue infection in future.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84541113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.S3.002
S. Aaron
{"title":"Brief Note on Prion: A Misfolded Protein","authors":"S. Aaron","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.21.S3.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.21.S3.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89773734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.S4.165
K. Wei, G. Guo, Ning Xiao
The aim was to determine the prevalence and antibiotics resistance of Uroaplasma urealyticum (U.urealyticum) and Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) isolated in a southwestern area of china. A total of 1093 patients with Chronic Prostatitis/ Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) were included and Expressed Prostatic Secretion (EPS) were collected from the subjects. Antibiotic resistance tests were conducted by using the mycoplasma kits. Of the individuals studied, 17.29% (189/1093) and 3.66% (40/1093) samples were respectively identified to be positive for U.urealyticum and M. hominis in EPS. U.urealyticum were less than 10% (0- 8.99%) resistance to doxycycline, minocycline, azithromycin and josamycin, while they were higher than 60% (60.85%-73.54%) resistance to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gatifloxacin, and the resistance incidence of erythromycin to U.urealyticum was 39.15%). The resistance rate of M. hominis was less than 10% (0-2.5%) to doxycycline, minocycline and josamycin, while they were higher than 60% (62.50%- 87.50%) to azithromycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, and that of gatifloxiacin was 32.50%. In conclusion, testing for both U.urealyticum and M. hominis in EPS of patients with CP/CPPS should been encouraged and doxycycline, minocycline and josamycin were recommended to treat infections of these strains in patients with CP/CPPS in a southwestern area of china. Further investigations should be focus on the new promising antibiotics against M. genitalium due to increasing resistance of antimicrobial.
{"title":"Mycoplasma Infections and Their Resistance Phenotypes in a Southwestern Area of China","authors":"K. Wei, G. Guo, Ning Xiao","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.21.S4.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.21.S4.165","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to determine the prevalence and antibiotics resistance of Uroaplasma urealyticum (U.urealyticum) and Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) isolated in a southwestern area of china. A total of 1093 patients with Chronic Prostatitis/ Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) were included and Expressed Prostatic Secretion (EPS) were collected from the subjects. Antibiotic resistance tests were conducted by using the mycoplasma kits. Of the individuals studied, 17.29% (189/1093) and 3.66% (40/1093) samples were respectively identified to be positive for U.urealyticum and M. hominis in EPS. U.urealyticum were less than 10% (0- 8.99%) resistance to doxycycline, minocycline, azithromycin and josamycin, while they were higher than 60% (60.85%-73.54%) resistance to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gatifloxacin, and the resistance incidence of erythromycin to U.urealyticum was 39.15%). The resistance rate of M. hominis was less than 10% (0-2.5%) to doxycycline, minocycline and josamycin, while they were higher than 60% (62.50%- 87.50%) to azithromycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, and that of gatifloxiacin was 32.50%. In conclusion, testing for both U.urealyticum and M. hominis in EPS of patients with CP/CPPS should been encouraged and doxycycline, minocycline and josamycin were recommended to treat infections of these strains in patients with CP/CPPS in a southwestern area of china. Further investigations should be focus on the new promising antibiotics against M. genitalium due to increasing resistance of antimicrobial.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81136491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36648/1989-8436.21.S3.003
S. Ebede, I. Nwafia, M. Ohanu, U. Ozumba, C. Chukwuka, C. Onyedum
Introduction: There has been a rising incidence of treatment failures of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in patients with human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (HIV). This study was carried out to determine the bacteriology of urinary tract infections in patients with HIV infections in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Methods: The study was a cross sectional study, involving 300 adult HIV positive patients, matched for age and sex with apparently healthy HIV negative subjects as control. Mid-stream urine samples from both groups were cultured on MacConkey, blood agar plates and incubated aerobically at 37°C. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done with agar diffusion method and interpreted according to CSLI guidelines. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases production was confirmed phenotypically using double disc synergy test. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 22.0 ± 3 years. There was a preponderance of females 76.0%. (P=0.493). The prevalence of UTI in the study group was 5.7% as against 2.7% in the control group. The most predominant bacteria isolated from study group were Escherichia coli (55.0%) with the least being Staphyloccocus saprophyticus (5.0%). In the control group only Escherichia coli (62.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (37.5%) were isolated (r=0.973, P=0.005). Most of the organisms isolated were resistant to the commonly used antibiotics. Twenty percent (20.0%) of the Klebsiella pneumoniae and 14.0% of Escherichia coli isolated were ESBL producing.
{"title":"Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Profile of Urinary Tract Infection in Adult Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital","authors":"S. Ebede, I. Nwafia, M. Ohanu, U. Ozumba, C. Chukwuka, C. Onyedum","doi":"10.36648/1989-8436.21.S3.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/1989-8436.21.S3.003","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There has been a rising incidence of treatment failures of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in patients with human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (HIV). This study was carried out to determine the bacteriology of urinary tract infections in patients with HIV infections in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Methods: The study was a cross sectional study, involving 300 adult HIV positive patients, matched for age and sex with apparently healthy HIV negative subjects as control. Mid-stream urine samples from both groups were cultured on MacConkey, blood agar plates and incubated aerobically at 37°C. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done with agar diffusion method and interpreted according to CSLI guidelines. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases production was confirmed phenotypically using double disc synergy test. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 22.0 ± 3 years. There was a preponderance of females 76.0%. (P=0.493). The prevalence of UTI in the study group was 5.7% as against 2.7% in the control group. The most predominant bacteria isolated from study group were Escherichia coli (55.0%) with the least being Staphyloccocus saprophyticus (5.0%). In the control group only Escherichia coli (62.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (37.5%) were isolated (r=0.973, P=0.005). Most of the organisms isolated were resistant to the commonly used antibiotics. Twenty percent (20.0%) of the Klebsiella pneumoniae and 14.0% of Escherichia coli isolated were ESBL producing.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87137201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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