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Sleep Snoring Sound Recognition Based on Wavelet Packet Transform 基于小波包变换的睡眠打鼾声识别
IF 0.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ACOUSTICS Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142906
Li Ding, J. Peng, Xiaowen Zhang, Lijuan Song
Snoring is a typical and intuitive symptom of the obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), which is a kind of sleep-related respiratory disorder having adverse effects on people’s lives. Detecting snoring sounds from the whole night recorded sounds is the first but the most important step for the snoring analysis of OSAHS. An automatic snoring detection system based on the wavelet packet transform (WPT) with an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifier is proposed in the paper, which recognizes snoring sounds from the enhanced episodes by the generalization subspace noise reduction algorithm. The feature selection technology based on correlation analysis is applied to select the most discriminative WPT features. The selected features yield a high sensitivity of 97.27% and a precision of 96.48% on the test set. The recognition performance demonstrates that WPT is effective in the analysis of snoring and non-snoring sounds, and the difference is exhibited much more comprehensively by sub-bands with smaller frequency ranges. The distribution of snoring sound is mainly on the middle and low frequency parts, there is also evident difference between snoring and non-snoring sounds on the high frequency part.
打鼾是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的典型直观症状,是一种影响人们生活的与睡眠有关的呼吸系统疾病。从夜间记录的声音中检测打鼾声音是分析OSAHS鼾症的第一步,也是最重要的一步。本文提出了一种基于小波包变换(WPT)和极限梯度增强(XGBoost)分类器的打鼾自动检测系统,该系统通过泛化子空间降噪算法从增强片段中识别打鼾声音。采用基于相关分析的特征选择技术来选择最具判别性的WPT特征。所选特征在测试集上的灵敏度为97.27%,精度为96.48%。识别结果表明,WPT在分析打呼和非打呼声音方面是有效的,并且在较小频率范围的子波段上能更全面地显示两者的差异。打鼾声的分布主要集中在中、低频部分,在高频部分打鼾声与非打鼾声也存在明显差异。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Power Amplifier Distortion on the Speech Transmission Index for Public Address Systems 功率放大器失真对公共广播系统语音传输指标的影响
IF 0.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ACOUSTICS Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.141649
P. Dziechcinski
The effect of the power amplifier on speech intelligibility in public address systems is often marginalised – i.e. it is assumed that it does not introduce significant signal distortion. This approach is justified when the linear range of the amplifier is used. The large crest factor of the speech signal and economic considerations mean that the amplifier also works in the non-linear range. In this paper, the effect of power amplifier distortion on the speech transmission index for public address systems (STIPA) is presented. In the first step, this influence was evaluated by measurements for Class AB and D amplifiers. Then, a computer model of the public address system based on the direct STIPA method, taking into account the non-linear properties of the amplifier, was proposed. Using the computer model, the optimum amplifier driving values were determined taking into account the reverberation time and interfering noise.
在公共广播系统中,功率放大器对语音清晰度的影响往往被边缘化,即假设它不会引入显著的信号失真。当使用放大器的线性范围时,这种方法是正确的。语音信号的大峰值因子和经济考虑意味着放大器也在非线性范围内工作。本文介绍了功率放大器失真对公共广播系统(STIPA)语音传输指标的影响。在第一步中,通过AB类和D类放大器的测量来评估这种影响。然后,考虑到放大器的非线性特性,提出了一个基于直接STIPA方法的公共广播系统的计算机模型。使用计算机模型,在考虑混响时间和干扰噪声的情况下,确定了最佳放大器驱动值。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal Selection of Multicomponent Matching Layers for Piezoelectric Transducers using Genetic Algorithm 基于遗传算法的压电换能器多分量匹配层优化选择
IF 0.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ACOUSTICS Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2020.135276
T. Gudra, D. Banasiak
One major problem in the design of ultrasonic transducers results from a huge impedance mismatch between piezoelectric ceramics and the loading medium (e.g. gaseous, liquid, and biological media). Solving this problem requires the use of a matching layer (or layers). Optimal selection of materials functioning as matching layers for piezoelectric transducers used in transmitting and receiving ultrasound waves strictly depends on the type of the medium receiving the ultrasound energy. Several methods allow optimal selection of materials used as matching layers. When using a single matching layer, its impedance can be calculated on the basis of the Chebyshev, DeSilets or Souquet criteria. In the general case, the typically applied methods use an analogy to a transmission line in order to calculate the transmission coefficient T . This paper presents an extension of transmission coefficient calculations with additional regard to the attenuation coefficients of particular layers. The transmission coefficient T is optimised on the basis of a genetic algorithm method. The obtained results indicate a significant divergence between the classical calculation methods and the genetic algorithm method.
超声换能器设计中的一个主要问题是压电陶瓷和负载介质(例如气体、液体和生物介质)之间的巨大阻抗失配。解决这个问题需要使用一个或多个匹配层。用作发射和接收超声波的压电换能器的匹配层的材料的最佳选择严格取决于接收超声波能量的介质的类型。有几种方法可以优化选择用作匹配层的材料。当使用单个匹配层时,可以根据Chebyshev、DeSilets或Souquet标准计算其阻抗。在一般情况下,通常应用的方法使用与输电线路类似的方法来计算输电系数T。本文对传输系数计算进行了扩展,并额外考虑了特定层的衰减系数。基于遗传算法方法对传输系数T进行了优化。所获得的结果表明,经典计算方法和遗传算法方法之间存在显著差异。
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引用次数: 2
An Acoustic Study of the Emphatic Occlusive [t] in School-Going Children with Cleft Palate or Cleft Lip 腭裂或唇裂学龄儿童强调性咬合[t]的声学研究
IF 0.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ACOUSTICS Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.141645
Khaled Baazi
The aim of this acoustic study is to analyse the phoneme [t ˙ ] produced by school children surgically operated on for the cleft palate or cleft lip, in order to examine their vocal characteristics, to provide speech therapists with numerous concrete analyses of voice and speech, to effectively support them and to prevent some serious outcomes on their psychological and academic development. The motivation for this study was mainly stemming from the difficulties that Algerian schoolchildren with clefts encounter in the pronunciation of this phoneme. To carry out the study, several acoustic parameters were investigated in terms of the fundamental frequency F 0 , the first three formants F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 , the energy E 0 , the Voice Onset Time (VOT), the durations [CV] and [V] of the subsequent vowel [a]. For the analysis, further important parameters in the field of pathological speech were deployed, namely the degree of disturbance of F 0 (jitter), the degree of disturbance of intensity (shimmer) and the HNR (Harmonics to Noise Ratio). Results revealed disturbance in the values of F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 and stability in the values of F 0 . Another important reported aspect is the increase in the value of the VOT due to the difficulties in controlling the plosives’ successive closure and release.
这项声学研究的目的是分析腭裂或唇裂学童手术后产生的音素[t˙],以检查他们的声音特征,为语言治疗师提供大量具体的声音和语言分析,有效地支持他们,并防止他们的心理和学业发展出现一些严重的后果。这项研究的动机主要源于阿尔及利亚唇腭裂学童在这个音素的发音上遇到的困难。为了开展这项研究,研究人员研究了几个声学参数,包括基频f0、前三个共振峰f1、f2和f3、能量e0、发声时间(VOT)、随后元音a的持续时间[CV]和[V]。为了进行分析,进一步部署了病理语音领域的重要参数,即f0的扰动程度(抖动),强度的扰动程度(闪烁)和HNR(谐波噪声比)。结果表明,f1、f2和f3值存在扰动,f0值稳定。另一个重要的报道方面是VOT值的增加,因为难以控制炸药的连续闭合和释放。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of psychoacoustic annoyance on EEG signals of tractor drivers 心理声干扰对拖拉机驾驶员脑电图信号的影响
IF 0.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ACOUSTICS Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142899
M. Lashgari, M. Arab, Mohsen Nadjafi, Mojtaba Rafiee
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychoacoustic annoyance (PA) that the tractor drivers are exposed to, and investigate its effects on their brain signals during their work activities. To this aim, the sound of a garden tractor was recorded. Each driver’s electroencephalogram (EEG) was then recorded at five different engine speeds. The Higuchi method was used to calculate the fractal dimension of the brain signals. To evaluate the amount of acoustic annoyance that the tractor drivers were exposed to, a psychoacoustic annoyance (PA) model was used. The results showed that as the engine speed increased, the values of PA increased as well. The results also indicated that an increase in the Higuchi’s fractal dimension (HFD) of alpha and beta bands was due to the increase of the engine speed. The regression results also revealed that there was a high correlation between the HFD of fast wave activities and PA, in that, the coefficients of determination were 0.92 and 0.91 for alpha and beta bands, respectively. Hence, a good correlation between the EEG signals and PA can be used to develop a mathematical model which quantifies the human brain response to the external stimuli.
本研究的目的是评估拖拉机司机在工作过程中所受到的心理声干扰,并探讨其对其脑信号的影响。为此,我们录制了园艺拖拉机的声音。然后记录每个驾驶员在五种不同发动机转速下的脑电图(EEG)。采用Higuchi方法计算脑信号的分形维数。为了评估拖拉机司机的声干扰程度,采用了心理声干扰(PA)模型。结果表明,随着发动机转速的增加,PA值也随之增加。结果还表明,α和β波段的Higuchi分形维数(HFD)的增加是由于发动机转速的增加。回归结果还显示,快波活度HFD与PA之间存在较高的相关性,α和β波段的决定系数分别为0.92和0.91。因此,EEG信号和PA之间的良好相关性可以用来建立一个数学模型来量化人类大脑对外部刺激的反应。
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引用次数: 0
Design of sound absorbers based on open-cell foams via microstructure-based modeling 基于微结构建模的开孔泡沫吸声器设计
IF 0.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ACOUSTICS Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142894
V. Trinh, Thien-Van Nguyen, T. Nguyen, Minh-Tan Nguyen
Effects of microstructure factors on the acoustic performance of open-cell foams can be characterized numerically by a microstructure-based approach. To this regard, the numerical homogenization approach and the equivalent-fluid theory are employed to study the acoustic behavior of random open-cell foams within their Voronoi tessellation-based Representative Volume Elements (RVE). As a validation step, the numerical predictions are compared with the reference findings to either verify the finite element procedure or demonstrate that the constructed RVE can capture both the local geometrical characteristics and the acoustic macro-behavior of cellular solid foams. It can be seen from the obtained results that the morphological characteristics of open-cell foams could be controlled to achieve the desired sound absorbing behavior. In addition, the analytical expressions, formulating the relationship between the geometry of foam absorbers and their target absorption performance, are established to design sound absorbing foam layers.
微结构因素对开孔泡沫材料声学性能的影响可以通过基于微结构的方法进行数值表征。为此,采用数值均匀化方法和等效流体理论研究了随机开孔泡沫在基于Voronoi细分的代表性体积单元(RVE)中的声学行为。作为验证步骤,将数值预测结果与参考结果进行比较,以验证有限元程序或证明所构建的RVE可以捕获胞状固体泡沫的局部几何特征和声学宏观行为。从得到的结果可以看出,开孔泡沫的形态特征是可以控制的,以达到理想的吸声性能。此外,建立了泡沫吸声器几何形状与其目标吸声性能之间关系的解析表达式,用于吸声泡沫层的设计。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Loudspeaker Configurations and Orientations on Sound Localization 扬声器配置和方位对声音定位的影响
IF 0.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ACOUSTICS Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.140732
S. Yao
As the virtual reality (VR) market is growing at a fast pace, numerous users and producers are emerging with the hope to navigate VR towards mainstream adoption. Although most solutions focus on providing high-resolution and high-quality videos, the acoustics in VR is as important as visual cues for maintaining consistency with the natural world. We therefore investigate one of the most important audio solutions for VR applications: ambisonics. Several VR producers such as Google, HTC, and Facebook support the ambisonic audio format. Binaural ambisonics builds a virtual loudspeaker array over a VR headset, providing immersive sound. The configuration of the virtual loudspeaker influences the listening perception, as has been widely discussed in the literature. However, few studies have investigated the influence of the orientation of the virtual loudspeaker array. That is, the same loudspeaker arrays with different orientations can produce different spatial effects. This paper introduces a VR audio technique with optimal design and proposes a dual-mode audio solution. Both an objective measurement and a subjective listening test show that the proposed solution effectively enhances spatial audio quality.
随着虚拟现实(VR)市场的快速增长,许多用户和制作人都希望引导VR走向主流。尽管大多数解决方案都专注于提供高分辨率和高质量的视频,但VR中的声学与保持与自然世界一致性的视觉线索一样重要。因此,我们研究了VR应用中最重要的音频解决方案之一:ambisonics。谷歌、HTC和脸书等几家VR生产商都支持ambisonic音频格式。双耳环绕立体声在VR耳机上构建了一个虚拟扬声器阵列,提供身临其境的声音。正如文献中广泛讨论的那样,虚拟扬声器的配置会影响听力。然而,很少有研究调查虚拟扬声器阵列方向的影响。也就是说,具有不同方向的相同扬声器阵列可以产生不同的空间效果。本文介绍了一种优化设计的VR音频技术,并提出了一种双模音频解决方案。客观测量和主观听力测试都表明,所提出的解决方案有效地提高了空间音频质量。
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引用次数: 0
Extended high frequency hearing thresholds in tinnitus patients with normal hearing 听力正常的耳鸣患者的扩展高频听阈
IF 0.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ACOUSTICS Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142897
L. Ristovska, Z. Jachova
The aim of the study was to compare the extended high-frequency (EHF) hearing thresholds (10–16 kHz) in tinnitus and non-tinnitus ears, in a group of 98 patients with unilateral tinnitus and normal hearing at standard audiometric frequencies, in a 0.125–8 kHz range. It was found that a total of 65 patients (66%) had a hearing loss (a threshold shift > 20 dB HL) in the EHF range and the EHF hearing loss occurred more frequently in the tinnitus ear than in the non-tinnitus ear. The data also indicate that the EHF thresholds increased with the patient’s age and were in most patients higher in the tinnitus ear than in the non-tinnitus ear.
该研究的目的是比较耳鸣和非耳鸣耳朵的扩展高频(EHF)听力阈值(10-16 kHz),在一组98例单侧耳鸣患者和听力正常的标准听力频率,在0.125-8 kHz范围内。结果发现,共有65例患者(66%)出现EHF范围内的听力损失(阈值移位bbb20 dB HL),耳鸣耳的EHF听力损失发生率高于非耳鸣耳。数据还表明,EHF阈值随着患者年龄的增长而增加,大多数耳鸣患者的EHF阈值高于非耳鸣患者。
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引用次数: 0
Performance Analysis of MVDR Beamformer Applied on an End-fire Microphone Array Composed of Unidirectional Microphones MVDR波束形成器在单向传声器端射传声器阵列中的性能分析
IF 0.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ACOUSTICS Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2021.138154
Z. Šarić, M. Subotić, Ruzica Bilibajkic, Marko Barjaktarovic, N. Zdravković
,
,
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引用次数: 3
International Symposium on Fluid Acoustics IFA2019 Sopot, Poland, May 20–22, 2019 国际流体声学研讨会(IFA2019),波兰索波特,2019年5月20-22日
IF 0.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ACOUSTICS Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2019.128504
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Archives of Acoustics
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