Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2177989
Saba Shiranirad, H. Eyni-Nargeseh, A. Shirani Rad, M. Malmir
ABSTRACT A two-year experiment was arranged as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replicates to investigate the response of camelina oil yield and its oil composition to irrigation regimes at different sowing dates in Karaj, Iran. The experiment factors were irrigation regimes including (i) full irrigation (well-watered), (ii) restricted irrigation from silicle formation (late-stress), (iii) restricted irrigation from flowering (mild-stress) and (IV) restricted irrigation from maximum stem length (early-stress) and planting dates consisting of (i) 27-Sep, (ii) 12-Oct and (iii) 25-Oct. The highest oil content (30.04%) was obtained from the first sowing date and was 2% and 5.4% higher than 12-Oct and 25-Oct, respectively. Obtained grains from well-watered irrigation regime had significantly more oil content (31.02%) than the other irrigation regimes. Delaying in sowing date and water-deficit stress raised saturated fatty acids (palmitic, stearic and arachidic acids). While delayed sowing date (12 and 25-Oct) and water-deficit stress (low, mild and severe stresses) increased the content of palmitic, eicosenoic and erucic fatty acids, the oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were reduced in such conditions. It seems that postponing the sowing date to 12-Oct and restricting irrigation from silicle formation would be reasonable as it can decline water consumption.
{"title":"Managing irrigation and sowing date can improve oil content and fatty acid composition of Camelina sativa L","authors":"Saba Shiranirad, H. Eyni-Nargeseh, A. Shirani Rad, M. Malmir","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2177989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2177989","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A two-year experiment was arranged as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replicates to investigate the response of camelina oil yield and its oil composition to irrigation regimes at different sowing dates in Karaj, Iran. The experiment factors were irrigation regimes including (i) full irrigation (well-watered), (ii) restricted irrigation from silicle formation (late-stress), (iii) restricted irrigation from flowering (mild-stress) and (IV) restricted irrigation from maximum stem length (early-stress) and planting dates consisting of (i) 27-Sep, (ii) 12-Oct and (iii) 25-Oct. The highest oil content (30.04%) was obtained from the first sowing date and was 2% and 5.4% higher than 12-Oct and 25-Oct, respectively. Obtained grains from well-watered irrigation regime had significantly more oil content (31.02%) than the other irrigation regimes. Delaying in sowing date and water-deficit stress raised saturated fatty acids (palmitic, stearic and arachidic acids). While delayed sowing date (12 and 25-Oct) and water-deficit stress (low, mild and severe stresses) increased the content of palmitic, eicosenoic and erucic fatty acids, the oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were reduced in such conditions. It seems that postponing the sowing date to 12-Oct and restricting irrigation from silicle formation would be reasonable as it can decline water consumption.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45792602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2175354
Shyna Bhalla, A. Bisht, N. Garg
ABSTRACT Arsenic (As) is a major soil contaminant that restricts plant growth and metabolism. Silicon-Si and arbuscular mycorrhizae-AM have the potential to impart As stress tolerance. The study assessed relative and cumulative effects of Si and mycorrhizal species; Claroideoglomus etunicatum-M1 and Rhizoglomus intraradices-M2 in alleviating AsV and AsIII toxicities in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. Arsenic reduced mycorrhizal symbiosis, nutrient availability and plant biomass by inducing oxidative stress. Si and AM inoculations decreased metalloid uptake and reactive species generation, with higher benefits under M2, followed by Si, then M1. Higher efficiency of M2 corresponded to its colonization ability and glomalin production as well as its capability of enhancing nutrient uptake by modulating soil enzymes (alkaline phosphate-ALP and arylsulfatase-aryl-S) activities. In addition, S metabolism and antioxidant system got up-regulated, leading to increased synthesis of thiol compounds and antioxidants in the order M2>Si>M1. Accumulated thiols further reduced As translocation by chelating and immobilizing metalloid in plant roots. Moreover, significantly higher As tolerance could be recorded when plants were supplemented with a combination of +Si+M2, indicating functional complementarity between the two amendments. The study, thus, demonstrated introduction of Si and AM in the rhizosphere as a promising strategy for inducing As tolerance to pigeonpea.
{"title":"Silicon and arbuscular mycorrhizal species complement in improving soil characteristics, sulfur metabolism and antioxidant defense responses in arsenic stressed Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp","authors":"Shyna Bhalla, A. Bisht, N. Garg","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2175354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2175354","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Arsenic (As) is a major soil contaminant that restricts plant growth and metabolism. Silicon-Si and arbuscular mycorrhizae-AM have the potential to impart As stress tolerance. The study assessed relative and cumulative effects of Si and mycorrhizal species; Claroideoglomus etunicatum-M1 and Rhizoglomus intraradices-M2 in alleviating AsV and AsIII toxicities in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. Arsenic reduced mycorrhizal symbiosis, nutrient availability and plant biomass by inducing oxidative stress. Si and AM inoculations decreased metalloid uptake and reactive species generation, with higher benefits under M2, followed by Si, then M1. Higher efficiency of M2 corresponded to its colonization ability and glomalin production as well as its capability of enhancing nutrient uptake by modulating soil enzymes (alkaline phosphate-ALP and arylsulfatase-aryl-S) activities. In addition, S metabolism and antioxidant system got up-regulated, leading to increased synthesis of thiol compounds and antioxidants in the order M2>Si>M1. Accumulated thiols further reduced As translocation by chelating and immobilizing metalloid in plant roots. Moreover, significantly higher As tolerance could be recorded when plants were supplemented with a combination of +Si+M2, indicating functional complementarity between the two amendments. The study, thus, demonstrated introduction of Si and AM in the rhizosphere as a promising strategy for inducing As tolerance to pigeonpea.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46493932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-13DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2169280
U. Ali, Fatma Abdelrhman, S. Bashir, M. Shaaban, Z. Shah, Omar Rady, Q. Fu, Jun Zhu, Hongqing Hu
ABSTRACT Rice straw (RS), biochar (BC) and lime (LM) have proved to be effective immobilizing agents in acidic contaminated soil. Up-to-date scientific data is lacking regarding residual effects of these amendments in acidic soils and wheat/rice cropping system. The objective was to analyze the efficacy of amendments to improve grain yields, nutritional quality, and reduce Ni bioavailability of wheat/rice rotation system. A pot experiment was conducted to examine the efficacy of RS, BC 10 and 20 g kg−1 and LM 10 g kg−1 application rates on plant growth, nutritional quality and Ni contents in wheat and rice tissues and grain. Amendments enhanced Ni immobilization, declined their uptake by plants and accumulation in the grains of both crops. Rice straw biochar reduced several factors like health risk assessment, Ni uptake and bioconcentration factor. BC 20 g kg−1 increased shoot, root and grain yields, while enhanced essential nutrients in the wheat/rice cropping system compared to untreated soil. Soil amendments significantly decreased toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) extractable Ni by 42.25% and 42.62% and simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET) by 42.1% and 45.25% in post- wheat/rice crops. This process enhanced the safety of wheat/rice rotation cropping system to be consumed and mitigated security risks.
稻草(RS)、生物炭(BC)和石灰(LM)是酸性污染土壤中有效的固定化剂。关于这些改良剂在酸性土壤和小麦/水稻种植系统中的残留效应，缺乏最新的科学数据。目的是分析小麦/水稻轮作系统中改良剂对提高粮食产量、营养品质和降低镍生物利用度的效果。通过盆栽试验，研究了RS、BC 10、20 g kg - 1和LM 10 g kg - 1施用量对小麦和水稻植株生长、营养品质和籽粒镍含量的影响。改良增强了镍的固定化作用，降低了植物对镍的吸收和两种作物籽粒的积累。秸秆炭降低了健康风险评价、Ni吸收量和生物浓缩系数。与未经处理的土壤相比，bc20 g kg - 1增加了小麦/水稻种植系统的茎、根和谷物产量，同时增加了必需营养素。土壤改进剂显著降低了小麦/水稻后作物毒性特征浸出法(TCLP)可提取镍含量(分别降低42.25%和42.62%)和简单生物可及性提取试验(SBET)含量(分别降低42.1%和45.25%)。这一过程提高了小麦/水稻轮作系统消费的安全性，降低了安全风险。
{"title":"Efficacy of different amendments and residual effects on nickel toxicity and nutritional quality in wheat/rice continuous system and health risk assessment in Ultisol","authors":"U. Ali, Fatma Abdelrhman, S. Bashir, M. Shaaban, Z. Shah, Omar Rady, Q. Fu, Jun Zhu, Hongqing Hu","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2169280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2169280","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rice straw (RS), biochar (BC) and lime (LM) have proved to be effective immobilizing agents in acidic contaminated soil. Up-to-date scientific data is lacking regarding residual effects of these amendments in acidic soils and wheat/rice cropping system. The objective was to analyze the efficacy of amendments to improve grain yields, nutritional quality, and reduce Ni bioavailability of wheat/rice rotation system. A pot experiment was conducted to examine the efficacy of RS, BC 10 and 20 g kg−1 and LM 10 g kg−1 application rates on plant growth, nutritional quality and Ni contents in wheat and rice tissues and grain. Amendments enhanced Ni immobilization, declined their uptake by plants and accumulation in the grains of both crops. Rice straw biochar reduced several factors like health risk assessment, Ni uptake and bioconcentration factor. BC 20 g kg−1 increased shoot, root and grain yields, while enhanced essential nutrients in the wheat/rice cropping system compared to untreated soil. Soil amendments significantly decreased toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) extractable Ni by 42.25% and 42.62% and simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET) by 42.1% and 45.25% in post- wheat/rice crops. This process enhanced the safety of wheat/rice rotation cropping system to be consumed and mitigated security risks.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42755811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-13DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2175819
Tingting Zhang, Jichao Cui, Xiaohan Duan, D. Cui, Xinkun Liu, Qian-qian Feng, Ying Shen, Huifang Han, T. Ning
ABSTRACT Reducing CO2 emissions from agricultural soils is a key component of the overall carbon reduction strategy. The closed chamber method was used to continuously monitor CO2 concentration in soil profiles of winter wheat-summer maize rotation fields in the North China Plain (NCP) during 2015–2017. Additionally, we evaluated the contribution of different tillage methods (Rotary tillage (RT), Subsoiling (SS), No- tillage (ZT), and conventional tillage (CT) in combination with Straw return (s) and straw removal (0)) to reducing soil CO2 emission. The results showed that the concentration of CO2 increased with the soil depth and peaked at the 150 cm layer. The trend of CO2 concentration in soil profiles under different tillage treatments was CTS > RTS > ZTS > SSS, and the average concentration in maize season was higher than that in wheat season. In addition, soil moisture and temperature in the 0–10 cm soil layer were significantly correlated with soil CO2 concentrations. Thus, our results highlight that the SSs plays a critical role in moderating soil CO2 emissions. This process merits further study to effectively regulate soil CO2 release and achieve carbon neutrality with less carbon emissions in farmland ecosystems.
{"title":"Subsoiling reduces CO2 concentrations in soil profile of winter wheat – summer maize rotation ecosystem in the North China Plain: a strategy to achieve carbon neutrality in farmland","authors":"Tingting Zhang, Jichao Cui, Xiaohan Duan, D. Cui, Xinkun Liu, Qian-qian Feng, Ying Shen, Huifang Han, T. Ning","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2175819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2175819","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Reducing CO2 emissions from agricultural soils is a key component of the overall carbon reduction strategy. The closed chamber method was used to continuously monitor CO2 concentration in soil profiles of winter wheat-summer maize rotation fields in the North China Plain (NCP) during 2015–2017. Additionally, we evaluated the contribution of different tillage methods (Rotary tillage (RT), Subsoiling (SS), No- tillage (ZT), and conventional tillage (CT) in combination with Straw return (s) and straw removal (0)) to reducing soil CO2 emission. The results showed that the concentration of CO2 increased with the soil depth and peaked at the 150 cm layer. The trend of CO2 concentration in soil profiles under different tillage treatments was CTS > RTS > ZTS > SSS, and the average concentration in maize season was higher than that in wheat season. In addition, soil moisture and temperature in the 0–10 cm soil layer were significantly correlated with soil CO2 concentrations. Thus, our results highlight that the SSs plays a critical role in moderating soil CO2 emissions. This process merits further study to effectively regulate soil CO2 release and achieve carbon neutrality with less carbon emissions in farmland ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49157524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2174530
L. Sulas, P. Deligios, M. Cossu, L. Ledda, G. Re, F. Sanna, M. T. Tiloca, G. Urracci, A. Virdis
ABSTRACT Marginal land exploitation devoted to versatile crops, such as giant reed, is related to the degree of land marginality. Two experiments were conducted in two sites of Sardinia (Italy) to investigate the effects of management on dry matter yield and water productivity (WP). Experiment 1 compared four crop evapotranspiration restoring treatments (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and a rainfed control) over 5 years. Experiment 2 lasted 7 years and investigated zero-input supply on crop response. Experiment 1, notwithstanding well-watered conditions (Irr100), showed a higher value of biomass production during the last year monitored, but yielding only 13.5 Mg DM ha−1 and with no significant difference from Irr75. Moreover, being equal the average dry matter yield, in the Irr100, we would save 3630 m3 of irrigation water by achieving the same WP recorded in the Irr25 (25% ETc restoring). Experiment 2, being equal rainfall amount, raised WP values that picked 8.2 kg m−3 during 2018. Results indicate that in less favourable soils as the Experiment 1, well-watered conditions do not ensure better crop growth and productivity, whereas in deep soils (Experiment 2) promising productive results, as well as ecosystem services, could be obtained without any input supply.
用于种植多功能作物(如巨芦苇)的边际土地开发与土地边际程度有关。在意大利撒丁岛的两个地点进行了两个试验，研究了管理对干物质产量和水分生产力(WP)的影响。试验1比较了4种作物蒸散恢复处理(100%、75%、50%、25%和雨养对照)5年的差异。试验2为期7年，研究零投入供给对作物响应的影响。试验1在水分充足的条件下(Irr100)在监测的最后一年显示出较高的生物质产量，但产量仅为13.5 Mg DM ha - 1，与Irr75没有显著差异。此外，在平均干物质产量相等的情况下，在Irr100中，通过实现Irr25中记录的相同WP (25% ETc恢复)，我们将节省3630 m3灌溉水。试验2在降雨量相同的情况下，提高了2018年的WP值，收获了8.2 kg m−3。结果表明，在条件较差的土壤(如试验1)中，水分充足的条件并不能确保更好的作物生长和生产力，而在深层土壤(试验2)中，没有任何投入供应就可以获得有希望的生产结果和生态系统服务。
{"title":"Potential productivity of Arundo donax in two contrasting environments from medium-term experiments","authors":"L. Sulas, P. Deligios, M. Cossu, L. Ledda, G. Re, F. Sanna, M. T. Tiloca, G. Urracci, A. Virdis","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2174530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2174530","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Marginal land exploitation devoted to versatile crops, such as giant reed, is related to the degree of land marginality. Two experiments were conducted in two sites of Sardinia (Italy) to investigate the effects of management on dry matter yield and water productivity (WP). Experiment 1 compared four crop evapotranspiration restoring treatments (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and a rainfed control) over 5 years. Experiment 2 lasted 7 years and investigated zero-input supply on crop response. Experiment 1, notwithstanding well-watered conditions (Irr100), showed a higher value of biomass production during the last year monitored, but yielding only 13.5 Mg DM ha−1 and with no significant difference from Irr75. Moreover, being equal the average dry matter yield, in the Irr100, we would save 3630 m3 of irrigation water by achieving the same WP recorded in the Irr25 (25% ETc restoring). Experiment 2, being equal rainfall amount, raised WP values that picked 8.2 kg m−3 during 2018. Results indicate that in less favourable soils as the Experiment 1, well-watered conditions do not ensure better crop growth and productivity, whereas in deep soils (Experiment 2) promising productive results, as well as ecosystem services, could be obtained without any input supply.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46873887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2172166
Tetsuya Eguchi, D. Yamada, Takashi Hirayama, Kazuhiro Kohata, N. Kanno, N. Nihei, S. Hamamoto, K. Kubo, Takashi Saito, T. Shinano
ABSTRACT In surrounding areas influenced by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, the radiocesium uptake by crops was evaluated based on soil exchangeable K. As risk evaluation does not function effectively in several fields, K buffering was characterized using quantity/intensity (Q/I) relationship analysis to evaluate the availability of exchangeable K. The results of the analysis clearly explain the difficulty in the risk evaluation: i) difficulty in increasing exchangeable K, owing to retention as non-exchangeable K by vermiculite; ii) difficulty in retaining exchangeable K due to low K buffering capacity, reflecting the lack of K-selective clay minerals; and iii) difficulty in increasing soil solution K intensity due to high K buffering capacity, reflecting the abundance of K-selective clay minerals. Among the parameters calculated from the Q/I relationship analysis, β values, corresponding to the retention rate of loaded K to the soil, for total K (βt), exchangeable K (βe), and non-exchangeable K (βn) would be useful as simple indicators of soils with a predicament in the risk evaluation of radiocesium uptake by crops through exchangeable K. These soils showed distinctively low βt values (0.18 or lower), high βe value (0.37 or higher), or high βn/βt ratio (0.53 or higher).
{"title":"Potassium buffering characteristics and detection of soils with challenges in evaluating radiocesium uptake risk of crops by exchangeable potassium","authors":"Tetsuya Eguchi, D. Yamada, Takashi Hirayama, Kazuhiro Kohata, N. Kanno, N. Nihei, S. Hamamoto, K. Kubo, Takashi Saito, T. Shinano","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2172166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2172166","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In surrounding areas influenced by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, the radiocesium uptake by crops was evaluated based on soil exchangeable K. As risk evaluation does not function effectively in several fields, K buffering was characterized using quantity/intensity (Q/I) relationship analysis to evaluate the availability of exchangeable K. The results of the analysis clearly explain the difficulty in the risk evaluation: i) difficulty in increasing exchangeable K, owing to retention as non-exchangeable K by vermiculite; ii) difficulty in retaining exchangeable K due to low K buffering capacity, reflecting the lack of K-selective clay minerals; and iii) difficulty in increasing soil solution K intensity due to high K buffering capacity, reflecting the abundance of K-selective clay minerals. Among the parameters calculated from the Q/I relationship analysis, β values, corresponding to the retention rate of loaded K to the soil, for total K (βt), exchangeable K (βe), and non-exchangeable K (βn) would be useful as simple indicators of soils with a predicament in the risk evaluation of radiocesium uptake by crops through exchangeable K. These soils showed distinctively low βt values (0.18 or lower), high βe value (0.37 or higher), or high βn/βt ratio (0.53 or higher).","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46296824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2175352
E. Swai, L. Mwinuka, M. Shitindi, Julius Manda, A. Whitbread, M. Bekunda
ABSTRACT Erratic rainfall, high evapotranspiration rates and droughts are major factors limiting crop production in semi-arid areas. Tied ridges that have crossed ties within the furrow are among the physical soil and water conservation measures. During the 2018/19 and 2019/20 seasons, we examined the efficacy of repaired tied ridges for maize crop (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Kongwa district of Tanzania as an alternate labour saving strategy for managing climate risks associated with variable rainfall. Treatments consisted of three tillage methods: conventional tillage (CT) which involved the preparation of a flat seedbed using handhoe, annually constructed tied ridges (ATR) and tied ridges that had been constructed during the previous season and had been repaired (residual tied ridges–RTR). Data were collected on labour requirements and crop performance. RTR increased economic returns by 29% and 80% over ATR and CT, respectively. Maize grain yield shows a trend of RTR >ATR>CT with values ranging from 2465 kg ha−1 to 4185 kg ha−1 (P < 0.01). While tillage and/or variety did not influence sorghum grain yield significantly (P > 0.05). The use of RTR is recommended because of low labour requirements and greater economic benefits than CT and ATR under maize cropping systems.
不稳定的降雨量、高蒸散率和干旱是限制半干旱地区作物生产的主要因素。在犁沟内穿过系带的扎脊是物理水土保持措施之一。在2018/19年和2019/20年季节，我们研究了坦桑尼亚孔瓦区玉米作物（玉米）和高粱（双色高粱）修复捆绑山脊的效果，作为管理与可变降雨量相关的气候风险的替代劳动力节约策略。处理方法包括三种耕作方法：传统耕作（CT），包括使用手持犁准备平坦的苗床，每年建造一次的绑脊（ATR）和在上一个季节建造并修复的绑脊。收集了有关劳动力需求和作物表现的数据。RTR的经济回报率分别比ATR和CT提高了29%和80%。玉米产量呈现RTR>ATR>CT的趋势，其值在2465 kg ha−1至4185 kg ha–1之间（P<0.01）。而耕作和/或品种对高粱产量没有显著影响（P>0.05）。建议使用RTR，因为在玉米种植制度下，RTR比CT和ATR对劳动力的需求低，经济效益更大。
{"title":"Factoring labour when comparing in situ rainwater harvesting technologies for semi-arid areas of central Tanzania","authors":"E. Swai, L. Mwinuka, M. Shitindi, Julius Manda, A. Whitbread, M. Bekunda","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2175352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2175352","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Erratic rainfall, high evapotranspiration rates and droughts are major factors limiting crop production in semi-arid areas. Tied ridges that have crossed ties within the furrow are among the physical soil and water conservation measures. During the 2018/19 and 2019/20 seasons, we examined the efficacy of repaired tied ridges for maize crop (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Kongwa district of Tanzania as an alternate labour saving strategy for managing climate risks associated with variable rainfall. Treatments consisted of three tillage methods: conventional tillage (CT) which involved the preparation of a flat seedbed using handhoe, annually constructed tied ridges (ATR) and tied ridges that had been constructed during the previous season and had been repaired (residual tied ridges–RTR). Data were collected on labour requirements and crop performance. RTR increased economic returns by 29% and 80% over ATR and CT, respectively. Maize grain yield shows a trend of RTR >ATR>CT with values ranging from 2465 kg ha−1 to 4185 kg ha−1 (P < 0.01). While tillage and/or variety did not influence sorghum grain yield significantly (P > 0.05). The use of RTR is recommended because of low labour requirements and greater economic benefits than CT and ATR under maize cropping systems.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49062928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2175353
Zhen-zhong Wu, Jin-yan Yang, Yi Huang, You-xian Zhang
ABSTRACT Tobacco exhibited a relatively strong environmental adaptability, and it is appealing to explore its vanadium stress-responsive characteristic. An indoor pot experiment with tobacco cultivated in soil with respectively 0 (control), 75, 150, 300, 600, and 900 mg kg−1 of exogenous pentavalent vanadium V(V) and in vanadium-rich soil from a mining area with 385.6 mg kg−1 of vanadium (marked as M0) was conducted. Results showed that tobacco growth was significantly (p< 0.05) inhibited at all treatments versus control. The seedlings could not survive at 900 mg kg−1 vanadium treatment. Vanadium was mainly concentrated in the root. Tobacco showed a relatively high vanadium bioconcentration capability (0.19 − 0.74) and a low translocation capability (0.02 − 0.03) in soil with exogenous vanadium addition treatments. Contrarily, at the control and M0 treatment, tobacco exhibited a low vanadium bioconcentration capability (0.06 − 0.08) and a relatively high translocation capability (0.06 − 0.09). For M0 treatment, the high percentage of vanadium in the residual fraction was also conducive to tobacco establishment in vanadium-loaded surroundings. Overall, tobacco showed the potential to colonize vanadium-rich soil. In soils after growing tobacco, Proteobacteria was the most abundant microbial community of the rhizospheric soil, followed by Actinobacteria.
烟草具有较强的环境适应性，对其钒胁迫响应特性的研究具有重要意义。在外源五价钒V(V)含量分别为0(对照)、75、150、300、600和900 mg kg - 1的土壤和钒含量为385.6 mg kg - 1(标记为M0)的矿区富钒土壤中进行室内盆栽试验。结果表明，与对照相比，各处理均显著抑制了烟草生长(p< 0.05)。在900 mg kg−1钒处理下，幼苗不能成活。钒主要集中在根中。烟草在外源添加钒的土壤中表现出较高的钒生物富集能力(0.19 ~ 0.74)和较低的钒转运能力(0.02 ~ 0.03)。相反，在对照和M0处理下，烟草表现出较低的钒生物富集能力(0.06 ~ 0.08)和较高的钒转运能力(0.06 ~ 0.09)。对于M0处理，残余部分中钒的高含量也有利于在含钒环境中成烟。总的来说，烟草显示出在富含钒的土壤中殖民的潜力。在植烟后土壤中，根际土壤微生物群落中以变形菌门最多，放线菌门次之。
{"title":"Effect of vanadium on Nicotiana tabacum L. grown in vanadium-loaded soil","authors":"Zhen-zhong Wu, Jin-yan Yang, Yi Huang, You-xian Zhang","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2175353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2175353","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tobacco exhibited a relatively strong environmental adaptability, and it is appealing to explore its vanadium stress-responsive characteristic. An indoor pot experiment with tobacco cultivated in soil with respectively 0 (control), 75, 150, 300, 600, and 900 mg kg−1 of exogenous pentavalent vanadium V(V) and in vanadium-rich soil from a mining area with 385.6 mg kg−1 of vanadium (marked as M0) was conducted. Results showed that tobacco growth was significantly (p< 0.05) inhibited at all treatments versus control. The seedlings could not survive at 900 mg kg−1 vanadium treatment. Vanadium was mainly concentrated in the root. Tobacco showed a relatively high vanadium bioconcentration capability (0.19 − 0.74) and a low translocation capability (0.02 − 0.03) in soil with exogenous vanadium addition treatments. Contrarily, at the control and M0 treatment, tobacco exhibited a low vanadium bioconcentration capability (0.06 − 0.08) and a relatively high translocation capability (0.06 − 0.09). For M0 treatment, the high percentage of vanadium in the residual fraction was also conducive to tobacco establishment in vanadium-loaded surroundings. Overall, tobacco showed the potential to colonize vanadium-rich soil. In soils after growing tobacco, Proteobacteria was the most abundant microbial community of the rhizospheric soil, followed by Actinobacteria.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44918254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2170363
W. Shi, Xiulu Yue, Jiaping Liang, L. Wen, Jiake Li, Na Li, Yanwei Lu
ABSTRACT Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is an environment-friendly super absorbent polymer that can be used as a soil conditioner, which is promising to improve crop productivity and cope with soil degradation. The objectives of this study are to study the effects of γ-PGA on soil physicochemical properties and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Xinong 975) production in arid region of Northwest China. According to the mass ratio of γ-PGA and soil, experiment treatments consisted of four different γ-PGA application rates, which were designated as 0 (CK), 0.05% (P0.05), 0.1% (P0.1), and 0.15% (P0.15), respectively. The mixed soil samples were uniformly filled into identical plastic pots. Each treatment had three replicates randomly distributed within 12 pots. The results indicated that γ-PGA significantly increased saturated water content by 6.3-11.5%, field capacity by 8.4-15.3%, and plant available water by 5.1-12.5% compared with the CK. γ-PGA increased soil NO3 −-N content and residue, and enhanced the proportions of soil macro-aggregates compared with the CK. γ-PGA increased winter wheat yield by 29.3-34.7%, and WUE by 21.2-33.3% compared with the CK. The main conclusion γ-PGA application amount of 0.05-0.1% can be used to improve soil physicochemical properties and winter wheat production in degraded soil.
{"title":"Poly-γ-glutamic acid enhances the wheat yield, water use efficiency and soil physicochemical properties of the arid area in the Northwest China","authors":"W. Shi, Xiulu Yue, Jiaping Liang, L. Wen, Jiake Li, Na Li, Yanwei Lu","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2170363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2170363","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is an environment-friendly super absorbent polymer that can be used as a soil conditioner, which is promising to improve crop productivity and cope with soil degradation. The objectives of this study are to study the effects of γ-PGA on soil physicochemical properties and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Xinong 975) production in arid region of Northwest China. According to the mass ratio of γ-PGA and soil, experiment treatments consisted of four different γ-PGA application rates, which were designated as 0 (CK), 0.05% (P0.05), 0.1% (P0.1), and 0.15% (P0.15), respectively. The mixed soil samples were uniformly filled into identical plastic pots. Each treatment had three replicates randomly distributed within 12 pots. The results indicated that γ-PGA significantly increased saturated water content by 6.3-11.5%, field capacity by 8.4-15.3%, and plant available water by 5.1-12.5% compared with the CK. γ-PGA increased soil NO3 −-N content and residue, and enhanced the proportions of soil macro-aggregates compared with the CK. γ-PGA increased winter wheat yield by 29.3-34.7%, and WUE by 21.2-33.3% compared with the CK. The main conclusion γ-PGA application amount of 0.05-0.1% can be used to improve soil physicochemical properties and winter wheat production in degraded soil.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48480108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1080/03650340.2023.2172167
Y. Zong, Yaojun Liu, Yanqing Li, Rong-hui Ma, Z. Malik, Qing Xiao, Zichuan Li, Jin Zhang, S. Shan
ABSTRACT Coastal clayey soil has a great potential for food production and safety while poor physico-mechanical properties have impeded its sustainable utilization. A field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of biochar on physicomechanical properties of coastal clayey soil. The biochars were applied to the coastal soil with the rate of 0, 1%, and 3% (w/w), respectively. Compared with control treatment, the application of three biochars (at the rate of 3%) had significantly improved soil fertility, i.e. organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphate, respectively. Biochar treatments significantly increased soil porosity, and aggregates stability, while reduced the soil salinity compared to the control treatment. Meanwhile, biochar application significantly increased the plastic index of coastal clayey soil while decreased soil tensile strength and shrink swell properties compared to the control. Biochar clearly altered soil pore characteristics, consequently rebuilding the new ions leaching channels. Overall, the cow manure biochar (650 °C) at the rate of 3% treatment showed maximum efficiency on soil salinity, fertility, physicomechanical properties, and crop yield. The biochar amendment improved coastal soil by ameliorating soil pore space and structure, improving soil tillage operation and rice yield, decreasing salt stress, and reducing mechanical strength.
{"title":"Changes in salinity, aggregates and physicomechanical quality induced by biochar application to coastal soil","authors":"Y. Zong, Yaojun Liu, Yanqing Li, Rong-hui Ma, Z. Malik, Qing Xiao, Zichuan Li, Jin Zhang, S. Shan","doi":"10.1080/03650340.2023.2172167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2023.2172167","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Coastal clayey soil has a great potential for food production and safety while poor physico-mechanical properties have impeded its sustainable utilization. A field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of biochar on physicomechanical properties of coastal clayey soil. The biochars were applied to the coastal soil with the rate of 0, 1%, and 3% (w/w), respectively. Compared with control treatment, the application of three biochars (at the rate of 3%) had significantly improved soil fertility, i.e. organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphate, respectively. Biochar treatments significantly increased soil porosity, and aggregates stability, while reduced the soil salinity compared to the control treatment. Meanwhile, biochar application significantly increased the plastic index of coastal clayey soil while decreased soil tensile strength and shrink swell properties compared to the control. Biochar clearly altered soil pore characteristics, consequently rebuilding the new ions leaching channels. Overall, the cow manure biochar (650 °C) at the rate of 3% treatment showed maximum efficiency on soil salinity, fertility, physicomechanical properties, and crop yield. The biochar amendment improved coastal soil by ameliorating soil pore space and structure, improving soil tillage operation and rice yield, decreasing salt stress, and reducing mechanical strength.","PeriodicalId":8154,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41633550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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