Abstract Although scholarly attention has been paid to the development of libraries and librarianship in Ethiopia, relatively little research has been undertaken on the part played by international organizations like the British Council and Unesco. This article examines the contrasting library activity in Ethiopia of these two organizations in terms of the policy approaches they took and the services they provided, from the middle of the twentieth century to date.
{"title":"The British Council and Unesco in Ethiopia: A Comparison of Linear and Cyclical Patterns of Librarianship Development","authors":"S. Coleman","doi":"10.1179/002423005x44952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/002423005x44952","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although scholarly attention has been paid to the development of libraries and librarianship in Ethiopia, relatively little research has been undertaken on the part played by international organizations like the British Council and Unesco. This article examines the contrasting library activity in Ethiopia of these two organizations in terms of the policy approaches they took and the services they provided, from the middle of the twentieth century to date.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"21 1","pages":"121 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/002423005x44952","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65473462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the 1830s the Russian government established public libraries in its provinces. By exploring the ways different groups, such as the noble and merchant estates, bureaucrats and members of the intelligentsia envisioned these libraries, the article situates this first attempt to create a nationwide library network in its larger social context. This essay asks why most libraries were short-lived and investigates possible legal, political and social explanations. An analysis of the fate of the Vladimir Public Library gives a clearer understanding of the relationship between the central government's plans and local reactions.
{"title":"Provincial Public Libraries and the Law in Nicholas I's Russia","authors":"S. Smith-Peter","doi":"10.1179/002423005x44943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/002423005x44943","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the 1830s the Russian government established public libraries in its provinces. By exploring the ways different groups, such as the noble and merchant estates, bureaucrats and members of the intelligentsia envisioned these libraries, the article situates this first attempt to create a nationwide library network in its larger social context. This essay asks why most libraries were short-lived and investigates possible legal, political and social explanations. An analysis of the fate of the Vladimir Public Library gives a clearer understanding of the relationship between the central government's plans and local reactions.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"21 1","pages":"103 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/002423005x44943","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65473348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Note from the New Editor","authors":"A. Black","doi":"10.1179/002423005X44916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/002423005X44916","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"21 1","pages":"83 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/002423005X44916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65473022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Collaboration between public and academic libraries is currently high on the political agenda and has been the subject of a number of research and demonstration projects during recent years. However, this is not a new venture for the library domain. For example, there was considerable focus on the issue of library co-operation during the interwar period. Given the long history of collaboration between public, academic and other libraries, it is, perhaps, surprising that there are still many difficulties which have yet to be overcome. This may be because past experiences have not been effectively researched, learned from and built upon.
{"title":"Library Co-Operation in the Inter-War Period: Lessons from History","authors":"S. McNicol","doi":"10.1179/002423005X44925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/002423005X44925","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Collaboration between public and academic libraries is currently high on the political agenda and has been the subject of a number of research and demonstration projects during recent years. However, this is not a new venture for the library domain. For example, there was considerable focus on the issue of library co-operation during the interwar period. Given the long history of collaboration between public, academic and other libraries, it is, perhaps, surprising that there are still many difficulties which have yet to be overcome. This may be because past experiences have not been effectively researched, learned from and built upon.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"21 1","pages":"85 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/002423005X44925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65473678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The first of these papers looks again at the opening of Manchester's first public library in 1852, and the celebrities who attended. Though the library was intended for the working classes, the latter had no role to play at the occasion. Secondly, a sketch is provided of the career of George Chandler, chief librarian of Liverpool's public libraries between 1952 and 1974.
{"title":"Manchester and Liverpool: (1) the Manchester Free Library, And (2) George Chandler, Librarian","authors":"Eric Glasgow","doi":"10.1179/002423005x19185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/002423005x19185","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The first of these papers looks again at the opening of Manchester's first public library in 1852, and the celebrities who attended. Though the library was intended for the working classes, the latter had no role to play at the occasion. Secondly, a sketch is provided of the career of George Chandler, chief librarian of Liverpool's public libraries between 1952 and 1974.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"21 1","pages":"57 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/002423005x19185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65472854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Library London — Now and Then","authors":"J. Pateman","doi":"10.1179/002423005x19103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/002423005x19103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"21 1","pages":"3 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/002423005x19103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65473005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Between 1939 and 1945 Britain's public libraries often struggled to balance wartime shortages in materials and staff with an increased readership, while also being expected to contribute actively services and skills to the war effort. Government documents, committee minutes, reports, news stories and interviews have been employed in an attempt to build a picture of one particular library's experiences during this period.
{"title":"Pride and Glory: Aberdeen Public Library During The Second World War","authors":"M. Nolan, Peter H. Reid","doi":"10.1179/002423005X19121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/002423005X19121","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Between 1939 and 1945 Britain's public libraries often struggled to balance wartime shortages in materials and staff with an increased readership, while also being expected to contribute actively services and skills to the war effort. Government documents, committee minutes, reports, news stories and interviews have been employed in an attempt to build a picture of one particular library's experiences during this period.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"21 1","pages":"27 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/002423005X19121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65473172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article continues the study of public library annual reports which commenced in the previous issue of this journal (vol. 20, no. 3, November 2004, pp. 223–38). This second paper assesses the value and contemporary importance of the reports in the expansion of the public library movement, considering criticisms from both then and now. It is suggested that these documents should be of wider significance than just as sources for historians of libraries.
{"title":"Early British Public Library Annual Reports: Then and Now Part II","authors":"G. Peatling, C. Baggs","doi":"10.1179/002423005x19149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/002423005x19149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article continues the study of public library annual reports which commenced in the previous issue of this journal (vol. 20, no. 3, November 2004, pp. 223–38). This second paper assesses the value and contemporary importance of the reports in the expansion of the public library movement, considering criticisms from both then and now. It is suggested that these documents should be of wider significance than just as sources for historians of libraries.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"21 1","pages":"29 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/002423005x19149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65473184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The public library system developed slowly in Leicester and encountered much opposition before it began. With the eventual success of its central library, the establishment of branch libraries was mooted. Despite the failure of the very first branch, subsequent branches were successful and answered a very definite need for localized provision of public library services at a time when the central library was inadequate to cope with a rapid growth in demand.
{"title":"The Development of Branch Libraries in Leicester","authors":"R. Fox, J. Feather","doi":"10.1179/002423005x19167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/002423005x19167","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The public library system developed slowly in Leicester and encountered much opposition before it began. With the eventual success of its central library, the establishment of branch libraries was mooted. Despite the failure of the very first branch, subsequent branches were successful and answered a very definite need for localized provision of public library services at a time when the central library was inadequate to cope with a rapid growth in demand.","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"21 1","pages":"47 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/002423005x19167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65472841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-11-01DOI: 10.1179/lib.2004.20.3.239
H. Anghelescu
This book stresses the dichotomy: book destruction by 'natural' disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and tornadoes versus book destruction by human agents as a result of systematic looting, bombing, and burning. If the former cannot be avoided in most cases, the latter involves a deliberate violent act, a barbaric attack by humans against human culture. 'Libricide' implies slaughter. Rebecca Knuth, Associate Professor at the Library and Information Science Program, University of Hawaii Manoa, chose this term to designate 'large-scale, regime-sanctioned destruction of books and libraries, purposeful initiatives that were designed to advance shortand long-term ideologically driven goals' (p. viii) during the twentieth century. Equating libricide to genocide and ethnocide, the author analyzes cases of intentional book 'killings' within the context of socio-cultural violations committed during periods of war or civil unrest. The reasons libraries have become targets of extreme violence is that they stand for symbols of national cultural identity, they are repositories of local history and collective memory, they represent belief systems, and they reflect the development of a society at a certain point in time. Totalitarian regimes perceive library collections as tools that can undermine or reinforce the ideology of a ruling class or party. When libraries are seen as potential enemies adverse to political goals and missions of authoritarian governments' they become candidates for vandalism, decimation, and pillage. Knuth considers censorship as a form of knowledge massacre. The use of governmentsponsored censorship with the purpose to extinguish culture is discussed through case studies from various parts of the world; from Nazi Germany during World War II, when Hitler's regime 'purified' libraries of Jewish texts and 'looted, destroyed and pulped' libraries of Germanoccupied territories as part of a well designed strategy to create a homogeneous state, to Maoist China during the Chinese Cultural Revolution aimed at a wide-scale dissemination of Marxist literature to serve the propagandistic efforts for mass indoctrination. Illustrations of atrocities committed against book collections by the Chinese communists in Tibet to eradicate the deeply rooted traditional culture, by the Iraqis in Kuwait during the six-month occupation during the first Gulf War when 43 per cent of the book collections in this country were slaughtered, and by the Serbs in Bosnia where the cultural heritage of the Bosnian Muslim, Croats, and Slovenes was reduced to nothing, constitute the background for the development of Knuth's theoretical framework for libricide. In her view, the development of a society and of a culture is reflected in the growth of libraries, thus the disappearance of libraries stands for the decay of a culture. She does not agree with other theoreticians who see annihilation as part of acyclicprocess, where decline may trigger stages of intellectual rebir
{"title":"Libricide: the regime sponsored destruction of books and libraries in the twentieth century","authors":"H. Anghelescu","doi":"10.1179/lib.2004.20.3.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/lib.2004.20.3.239","url":null,"abstract":"This book stresses the dichotomy: book destruction by 'natural' disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and tornadoes versus book destruction by human agents as a result of systematic looting, bombing, and burning. If the former cannot be avoided in most cases, the latter involves a deliberate violent act, a barbaric attack by humans against human culture. 'Libricide' implies slaughter. Rebecca Knuth, Associate Professor at the Library and Information Science Program, University of Hawaii Manoa, chose this term to designate 'large-scale, regime-sanctioned destruction of books and libraries, purposeful initiatives that were designed to advance shortand long-term ideologically driven goals' (p. viii) during the twentieth century. Equating libricide to genocide and ethnocide, the author analyzes cases of intentional book 'killings' within the context of socio-cultural violations committed during periods of war or civil unrest. The reasons libraries have become targets of extreme violence is that they stand for symbols of national cultural identity, they are repositories of local history and collective memory, they represent belief systems, and they reflect the development of a society at a certain point in time. Totalitarian regimes perceive library collections as tools that can undermine or reinforce the ideology of a ruling class or party. When libraries are seen as potential enemies adverse to political goals and missions of authoritarian governments' they become candidates for vandalism, decimation, and pillage. Knuth considers censorship as a form of knowledge massacre. The use of governmentsponsored censorship with the purpose to extinguish culture is discussed through case studies from various parts of the world; from Nazi Germany during World War II, when Hitler's regime 'purified' libraries of Jewish texts and 'looted, destroyed and pulped' libraries of Germanoccupied territories as part of a well designed strategy to create a homogeneous state, to Maoist China during the Chinese Cultural Revolution aimed at a wide-scale dissemination of Marxist literature to serve the propagandistic efforts for mass indoctrination. Illustrations of atrocities committed against book collections by the Chinese communists in Tibet to eradicate the deeply rooted traditional culture, by the Iraqis in Kuwait during the six-month occupation during the first Gulf War when 43 per cent of the book collections in this country were slaughtered, and by the Serbs in Bosnia where the cultural heritage of the Bosnian Muslim, Croats, and Slovenes was reduced to nothing, constitute the background for the development of Knuth's theoretical framework for libricide. In her view, the development of a society and of a culture is reflected in the growth of libraries, thus the disappearance of libraries stands for the decay of a culture. She does not agree with other theoreticians who see annihilation as part of acyclicprocess, where decline may trigger stages of intellectual rebir","PeriodicalId":81856,"journal":{"name":"Library history","volume":"20 1","pages":"239 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/lib.2004.20.3.239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65635123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：