Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2386-5180.100264
A. Ibrahim, Sameer Baklah
Background: The poverty, low social-economic and malnutrition, all of these effects growth and neurological development in Syrian children, especially deficiency of some nutrients from animal source such as Vitamin B12. This study aimed to measure the maximal width between Sylvian fissures and measure the maximal width of the extra ventricular subarachnoid space were made in the frontal region in brain by CT or MRI before and after three months of starting treatment with Vitamin B12 in children (age under 3 year ) have neurological symptoms and brain atrophy before treatment. Methods: Cohort prospective study, children (n=32), between 1-1-2017 and 1-1-2018. This children (age under 3year) were admitted in our hospital and diagnosed with B12 deficiency, MRI or CT (20 MRI, 12 CT ) imaging before and after three months of starting treatment were performed. The upper limit of normal of Sylvian fissures and maximal width of the extra ventricular sub arachnoid space were made in the frontal region in children has been adopted as reported in neurologic paediatric book. Results: Number of children with mild cerebral atrophy before treatment was 15 (46%) and SD 0.04 and 10 children with moderate cerebral atrophy (31.3%) SD 0.05, the number of children with severe brain atrophies before treatment 7 (21.9%) SD 0.13. The number of children who had normal distance between the sylvius fissures were 31; 96.9% and one child has moderate cerebral atrophy according to Sylvian fissures and no case is left with severe atrophy after treatment. Conclusion: The cerebral atrophy following the Vitamin B12 deficiency in children because of malnutrition or breast feeding from vegetarian mother reversible completely in early stages.
{"title":"The Radiological Improvement in Brain Atrophy in Syrian Children with Vitamin B12 Deficiency after Treatment","authors":"A. Ibrahim, Sameer Baklah","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.100264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.100264","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The poverty, low social-economic and malnutrition, all of these effects growth and neurological development in Syrian children, especially deficiency of some nutrients from animal source such as Vitamin B12. This study aimed to measure the maximal width between Sylvian fissures and measure the maximal width of the extra ventricular subarachnoid space were made in the frontal region in brain by CT or MRI before and after three months of starting treatment with Vitamin B12 in children (age under 3 year ) have neurological symptoms and brain atrophy before treatment. Methods: Cohort prospective study, children (n=32), between 1-1-2017 and 1-1-2018. This children (age under 3year) were admitted in our hospital and diagnosed with B12 deficiency, MRI or CT (20 MRI, 12 CT ) imaging before and after three months of starting treatment were performed. The upper limit of normal of Sylvian fissures and maximal width of the extra ventricular sub arachnoid space were made in the frontal region in children has been adopted as reported in neurologic paediatric book. Results: Number of children with mild cerebral atrophy before treatment was 15 (46%) and SD 0.04 and 10 children with moderate cerebral atrophy (31.3%) SD 0.05, the number of children with severe brain atrophies before treatment 7 (21.9%) SD 0.13. The number of children who had normal distance between the sylvius fissures were 31; 96.9% and one child has moderate cerebral atrophy according to Sylvian fissures and no case is left with severe atrophy after treatment. Conclusion: The cerebral atrophy following the Vitamin B12 deficiency in children because of malnutrition or breast feeding from vegetarian mother reversible completely in early stages.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89844669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2386-5180.1000229
Tavakolian Arjm, M. Nouri, N. Razavianzadeh
Background: A well-established medical entity, and typically self-limited disorder, the subacute thyroiditis (SAT), has been conventionally treated with a large dose (40-80 mg) of prednisolone per day for decades: a nonevidence- based and utterly large dose of corticosteroid for a disease with clearly predictable self-limiting course. The current study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of prednisolone 15 mg/day instead of routinely prescribed large dose of 40-80 mg, and to investigate the rate of early relapse with low-dose protocol. Subjects and methods: In a prospective study, forty-five cases of SAT were consecutively included. The diagnosis of SAT was made based on defined criteria of persistent sore throat, rapidly developed painful goiter, suppressed TSH, high ESR, and low RAIU. They were treated with 15 mg of prednisolone per day during the first month, 10 mg per day for the second month, and finally 5 mg daily over the third month. All cases were carefully followed for a minimum of one year to track the clinical and biochemical response to therapy and to find out any evidence of early relapse after discontinuation of medication. Results: Of forty-five patients who completed the oneyear- course of follow-up, 38 were female and 7 were male (male/female ratio 5.4). Mean age of affected subjects was 39 ± 10 years, and mean ESR was 70 ± 23 mm/hr (median 75 mm/hr, range 30-117 mm/hr). Among all subjects with full-blown SAT, only one case (2.2%) remained noticeably symptomatic on 15 mg prednisolone daily after two weeks, requiring 30 mg of medicine per day for symptomatic relief and normalization of ESR. After corticosteroid withdrawal, significant relapse occurred in only two patients (4.4%). Conclusion: Our results, not only endorse the efficacy of low-dose prednisolone in management of subacute thyroiditis, but also demonstrate the remarkably less relapse with low dose corticosteroid.
{"title":"Management of Subacute Thyroiditis with Conventional High-Dose Prednisolone; Shooting a Tree Sparrow with a Cannonball","authors":"Tavakolian Arjm, M. Nouri, N. Razavianzadeh","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.1000229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.1000229","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A well-established medical entity, and typically self-limited disorder, the subacute thyroiditis (SAT), has been conventionally treated with a large dose (40-80 mg) of prednisolone per day for decades: a nonevidence- based and utterly large dose of corticosteroid for a disease with clearly predictable self-limiting course. The current study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of prednisolone 15 mg/day instead of routinely prescribed large dose of 40-80 mg, and to investigate the rate of early relapse with low-dose protocol. Subjects and methods: In a prospective study, forty-five cases of SAT were consecutively included. The diagnosis of SAT was made based on defined criteria of persistent sore throat, rapidly developed painful goiter, suppressed TSH, high ESR, and low RAIU. They were treated with 15 mg of prednisolone per day during the first month, 10 mg per day for the second month, and finally 5 mg daily over the third month. All cases were carefully followed for a minimum of one year to track the clinical and biochemical response to therapy and to find out any evidence of early relapse after discontinuation of medication. Results: Of forty-five patients who completed the oneyear- course of follow-up, 38 were female and 7 were male (male/female ratio 5.4). Mean age of affected subjects was 39 ± 10 years, and mean ESR was 70 ± 23 mm/hr (median 75 mm/hr, range 30-117 mm/hr). Among all subjects with full-blown SAT, only one case (2.2%) remained noticeably symptomatic on 15 mg prednisolone daily after two weeks, requiring 30 mg of medicine per day for symptomatic relief and normalization of ESR. After corticosteroid withdrawal, significant relapse occurred in only two patients (4.4%). Conclusion: Our results, not only endorse the efficacy of low-dose prednisolone in management of subacute thyroiditis, but also demonstrate the remarkably less relapse with low dose corticosteroid.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77820888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2386-5180.1000216
Abdulelah Aljasser, N. Aladwani, Sonia Khan
Introduction: Refractory epilepsy which is defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated, appropriately chosen and used antiepileptic drug schedules (whether as monotherapies or in combination) to achieve sustained seizure freedom is common in patients with structural brain lesions including acquired disorders and genetic abnormalities. High resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI of the brain has proven its precision as a diagnostic tool for recognition of different structural lesions underlying medically intractable seizures. Objective: To recognize common MRI lesions in a series of adult patients with refractory epilepsy admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit at Prince Sultan Military Medical City PSMMC for pre surgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery with correlation to surgical outcome and to compare our local data with the international literature. Material and methods: 245 patients (100 Males and 145 Females; 14-53 years) with refractory epilepsy were included in this retrospective analysis. They presented with partial with or without complex partial seizures 112 (46.0%), partial with secondary generalized tonic clonic seizures 76 (31.0%) or generalized seizures in 57 (23.0%) of patients. Clinical diagnosis of epilepsy and seizure classification were based on the revised criteria of the International League Against Epilepsy ILAE. Structural neuroimaging MRI brain, functional neuroimaging which include Interictal Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Computed Tomography FDG-PET, Ictal Technetium-99m hexamethyl-propylene amine oxime Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography 99 m HMPAO SPECT, Electroencephalography EEG recording, epilepsy history and neurological examination were performed. MRI brain imaging epilepsy protocol used a 1.5 or 3 Tesla MRI scanner. All patients included in this study received appropriate epilepsy surgery and post-operative seizure control was followed in the epilepsy clinic with six-month post-operative inter ictal EEG, follow up MRI brain after epilepsy surgery were performed in all patients and 50 patients had additional video-EEG recording postoperative during the follow up period. Epilepsy surgery seizure control outcome was classified according to Engel Classification system. All patients were followed for at least two years post-operatively to assess seizure control. Pre-operative MRI diagnosis was correlated with the epilepsy surgery seizure control outcome. Results: MRI detected different structural brain abnormalities in 245 (100%) patients, including temporal lobe location in 142 (58%) patients, frontal lobe location in 74 (30%) patients and parieto-occipital lobes location in 29 (12%) patients. On MRI hippocampal sclerosis HS is diagnosed in 86 (35%) patients, cerebral tumors in 74 (30%) patients and among the cerebral tumors MRI suggested the diagnosis of developmental tumors that is; glio-neural tumors in 45 out of 74 (61%) of tumor patients, malformations of cortical development MCD i
{"title":"MRI Brain Findings in Adults with Lesional Refractory Epilepsy and Correlation to Surgical Outcome","authors":"Abdulelah Aljasser, N. Aladwani, Sonia Khan","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.1000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.1000216","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Refractory epilepsy which is defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated, appropriately chosen and used antiepileptic drug schedules (whether as monotherapies or in combination) to achieve sustained seizure freedom is common in patients with structural brain lesions including acquired disorders and genetic abnormalities. High resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI of the brain has proven its precision as a diagnostic tool for recognition of different structural lesions underlying medically intractable seizures. Objective: To recognize common MRI lesions in a series of adult patients with refractory epilepsy admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit at Prince Sultan Military Medical City PSMMC for pre surgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery with correlation to surgical outcome and to compare our local data with the international literature. Material and methods: 245 patients (100 Males and 145 Females; 14-53 years) with refractory epilepsy were included in this retrospective analysis. They presented with partial with or without complex partial seizures 112 (46.0%), partial with secondary generalized tonic clonic seizures 76 (31.0%) or generalized seizures in 57 (23.0%) of patients. Clinical diagnosis of epilepsy and seizure classification were based on the revised criteria of the International League Against Epilepsy ILAE. Structural neuroimaging MRI brain, functional neuroimaging which include Interictal Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Computed Tomography FDG-PET, Ictal Technetium-99m hexamethyl-propylene amine oxime Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography 99 m HMPAO SPECT, Electroencephalography EEG recording, epilepsy history and neurological examination were performed. MRI brain imaging epilepsy protocol used a 1.5 or 3 Tesla MRI scanner. All patients included in this study received appropriate epilepsy surgery and post-operative seizure control was followed in the epilepsy clinic with six-month post-operative inter ictal EEG, follow up MRI brain after epilepsy surgery were performed in all patients and 50 patients had additional video-EEG recording postoperative during the follow up period. Epilepsy surgery seizure control outcome was classified according to Engel Classification system. All patients were followed for at least two years post-operatively to assess seizure control. Pre-operative MRI diagnosis was correlated with the epilepsy surgery seizure control outcome. Results: MRI detected different structural brain abnormalities in 245 (100%) patients, including temporal lobe location in 142 (58%) patients, frontal lobe location in 74 (30%) patients and parieto-occipital lobes location in 29 (12%) patients. On MRI hippocampal sclerosis HS is diagnosed in 86 (35%) patients, cerebral tumors in 74 (30%) patients and among the cerebral tumors MRI suggested the diagnosis of developmental tumors that is; glio-neural tumors in 45 out of 74 (61%) of tumor patients, malformations of cortical development MCD i","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87577121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was carried out to provide information on the haematologic indices of HIV Patients on ART and those not on ART. Blood sample was collected from 160 subjects, 55 HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 55 HIV-infected patients not on ART and 50 apparently healthy HIV Sero-negative individuals as controls. Platelet (PLT), Total white blood cell Count (TWBC), Lymphocyte Count (LYMPH), Neutrophil Count (NEUT), Haemoglobin (HGB), Red Blood Cell Count (RBC), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean cell Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Retroviral screening (RVS) of the subjects were determined using standard methods after obtaining ethics approval and informed consent of the subjects. ANOVA and t-test were used for statistical analysis. HGB, RBC and MCHC were significantly lower in HIV patients (F=60.57; 19.26; 12.83; 9.84; P<0.05 respectively) compared with control subjects. HCT, HGB, MCV, MCH and RDW of HIV patients on ART were significantly higher (t=2.96; 3.04; 6.30; 5.10; P<0.05 respectively) compared with HIV patients not on ART.
{"title":"Haematological Indices of HIV Seropositive Subjects at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (Nauth), Nnewi","authors":"Obiomah Chinwe Favour, Obeagu Emmanue Ifeanyi, Ochei Kingsley Chinedum, Swem Collins Abum, Amachukwu Blessing Ozioma","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.1000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.1000221","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to provide information on the haematologic indices of HIV Patients on ART and those not on ART. Blood sample was collected from 160 subjects, 55 HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 55 HIV-infected patients not on ART and 50 apparently healthy HIV Sero-negative individuals as controls. Platelet (PLT), Total white blood cell Count (TWBC), Lymphocyte Count (LYMPH), Neutrophil Count (NEUT), Haemoglobin (HGB), Red Blood Cell Count (RBC), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean cell Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Retroviral screening (RVS) of the subjects were determined using standard methods after obtaining ethics approval and informed consent of the subjects. ANOVA and t-test were used for statistical analysis. HGB, RBC and MCHC were significantly lower in HIV patients (F=60.57; 19.26; 12.83; 9.84; P<0.05 respectively) compared with control subjects. HCT, HGB, MCV, MCH and RDW of HIV patients on ART were significantly higher (t=2.96; 3.04; 6.30; 5.10; P<0.05 respectively) compared with HIV patients not on ART.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87844855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2386-5180.100242
Basma R. Damiri, Amjad Abu Alhala, L. Najjar, Saleh Alqadome
Background: Warning signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) can appear during childhood. Early detection and treatment of MetS is likely to reduce morbidity and mortality in adulthood and help to keep to minimum the global burden of cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. This study aimed to establish the prevalence and to characterize metabolic syndrome and its individual components among overweight and obese Palestinian schoolchildren aged 6-<18 years in the West Bank. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the West Bank-Palestine in the year 2014. Out of the 840 schoolchildren, 216 (30.7%) were overweight and obese; 146 of them were evaluated for MetS using the International Diabetes Federation and modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Third Adult Treatment Panel definitions. Results: Using NCEP criteria, MetS was significantly more prevalent in overweight and obese children (23.3%) than IDF (15.8%) and among boys (22.2% for NCEP vs 12.3% for IDF) and girls (23.3% for NCEP vs 20.0% for IDF). No sex-specific differences in the prevalence of MetS between age groups were determined using both criteria. The prevalence of individual MetS components according the IDF and NCEP criteria were respectively; (32% and 25.3%) for increased waist circumference, (15.8% and 37.0%) for increased blood pressure, (9.7% and 24.8%) for increased triglyceride, (57.2% and 55.9%) for low HDL, and (39.7% and 15.8%) for increased fast blood sugar. Clustering of metabolic abnormalities had significantly increased by increasing body mass index and waist circumferences, and with decreased HDL and elevated triglyceride. Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS among overweight and obese Palestinian schoolchildren is high with dyslipidemia being the most common MetS abnormality. Regardless the definition used to diagnose MetS among children; the findings of this study present a serious threat to current and future health of Palestinian children.
{"title":"Metabolic Syndrome and its Risk Factorsamong Overweight and Obese PalestinianSchoolchildren using IDF and NCEP-ATP/IIIDefinitions","authors":"Basma R. Damiri, Amjad Abu Alhala, L. Najjar, Saleh Alqadome","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.100242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.100242","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Warning signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) can appear during childhood. Early detection and treatment of MetS is likely to reduce morbidity and mortality in adulthood and help to keep to minimum the global burden of cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. This study aimed to establish the prevalence and to characterize metabolic syndrome and its individual components among overweight and obese Palestinian schoolchildren aged 6-<18 years in the West Bank. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the West Bank-Palestine in the year 2014. Out of the 840 schoolchildren, 216 (30.7%) were overweight and obese; 146 of them were evaluated for MetS using the International Diabetes Federation and modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Third Adult Treatment Panel definitions. Results: Using NCEP criteria, MetS was significantly more prevalent in overweight and obese children (23.3%) than IDF (15.8%) and among boys (22.2% for NCEP vs 12.3% for IDF) and girls (23.3% for NCEP vs 20.0% for IDF). No sex-specific differences in the prevalence of MetS between age groups were determined using both criteria. The prevalence of individual MetS components according the IDF and NCEP criteria were respectively; (32% and 25.3%) for increased waist circumference, (15.8% and 37.0%) for increased blood pressure, (9.7% and 24.8%) for increased triglyceride, (57.2% and 55.9%) for low HDL, and (39.7% and 15.8%) for increased fast blood sugar. Clustering of metabolic abnormalities had significantly increased by increasing body mass index and waist circumferences, and with decreased HDL and elevated triglyceride. Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS among overweight and obese Palestinian schoolchildren is high with dyslipidemia being the most common MetS abnormality. Regardless the definition used to diagnose MetS among children; the findings of this study present a serious threat to current and future health of Palestinian children.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88444501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2386-5180.1000227
E. Stella, O. E. Ifeanyi, Ochiabuto Omtb, U. Chijioke
Hookworm infestation was investigated amongst 273 primary school children from some random selected primary schools and a farming community, all in Enugu, Enugu State, South-East of Nigeria, between May and August 2008. The subjects were made up 110 (40.29%) males and 163 (59.71%) females. Stool samples 11 were collected from each subjects and examined macroscopically and microscopically for parasites using standard parasitological techniques. Out of 273 samples examined parasite 22 (8.06%) were positive for helminthic parasite and of this numbers of positives, ova of ascaris was 11 (50%), ova of hookworm 9 (40.9%), while mixed Infection with ova of ascaris/hookworm was 2 (9.1%). The age group 5-gyears had the highest number of parasites in the population studied 11 (50%). Females recorded a higher incidence rate of 17 (77.27%) than males 75 (22.72%). The age groups and sex distribution of positives showed statistical significance difference (p<0.05). Hookworm had a prevalence rate of 11 (4.0%) for single and mixed infection altogether. The age group 5-6 years had higher number of positives for hookworm, while females had the highest incidence rate for hookworm 9 (40.91%) than males 3 (13.64%). The difference in distribution of positive cases for hookworm between various age groups and sexes was statistically significant (P<0.05). The present work has established the presence of hookworm infestation amongst primary school children in Enugu. The need for enlightenment of these primary school children on the importance of personal and environmental hygiene and practice is hereby stressed.
{"title":"Hookworm Infestation amongst Primary School Children in Enugu","authors":"E. Stella, O. E. Ifeanyi, Ochiabuto Omtb, U. Chijioke","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.1000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.1000227","url":null,"abstract":"Hookworm infestation was investigated amongst 273 primary school children from some random selected primary schools and a farming community, all in Enugu, Enugu State, South-East of Nigeria, between May and August 2008. The subjects were made up 110 (40.29%) males and 163 (59.71%) females. Stool samples 11 were collected from each subjects and examined macroscopically and microscopically for parasites using standard parasitological techniques. Out of 273 samples examined parasite 22 (8.06%) were positive for helminthic parasite and of this numbers of positives, ova of ascaris was 11 (50%), ova of hookworm 9 (40.9%), while mixed Infection with ova of ascaris/hookworm was 2 (9.1%). The age group 5-gyears had the highest number of parasites in the population studied 11 (50%). Females recorded a higher incidence rate of 17 (77.27%) than males 75 (22.72%). The age groups and sex distribution of positives showed statistical significance difference (p<0.05). Hookworm had a prevalence rate of 11 (4.0%) for single and mixed infection altogether. The age group 5-6 years had higher number of positives for hookworm, while females had the highest incidence rate for hookworm 9 (40.91%) than males 3 (13.64%). The difference in distribution of positive cases for hookworm between various age groups and sexes was statistically significant (P<0.05). The present work has established the presence of hookworm infestation amongst primary school children in Enugu. The need for enlightenment of these primary school children on the importance of personal and environmental hygiene and practice is hereby stressed.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79335007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2386-5180.100239
G. Lobreglio, M. Aguglia
It is always necessary to contraindicate nasal manipulations (nasal intubation, aspirations, etc.) due to the significant risk of triggering sometimes very severe episodes of epistaxis linked to mucous telangiectases. Apart from the risk of bleeding related to the presence of mucous telangiectases (nasal, gastrointestinal), there are no coagulation anomalies associated with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and no surgical bleeding risk connected with this pathology.
{"title":"Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia","authors":"G. Lobreglio, M. Aguglia","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.100239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.100239","url":null,"abstract":"It is always necessary to contraindicate nasal manipulations (nasal intubation, aspirations, etc.) due to the significant risk of triggering sometimes very severe episodes of epistaxis linked to mucous telangiectases. Apart from the risk of bleeding related to the presence of mucous telangiectases (nasal, gastrointestinal), there are no coagulation anomalies associated with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and no surgical bleeding risk connected with this pathology.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85618284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2386-5180.100273
S. A. Ali, Syeda Aimen Waqar, Sidra Jamal, Sajid Ali, S. B. Hashmi
Climate change, and its health consequences, can be combated with mitigation and adaptation like reducing greenhouse gas emissions and developing action plans in extreme conditions, gathering more information on risks, identifying most effective measures and ameliorating surveillance of animal diseases. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defines “climate change” as “a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods”.
{"title":"Climate Change: A Public Health Issue","authors":"S. A. Ali, Syeda Aimen Waqar, Sidra Jamal, Sajid Ali, S. B. Hashmi","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.100273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.100273","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change, and its health consequences, can be combated with mitigation and adaptation like reducing greenhouse gas emissions and developing action plans in extreme conditions, gathering more information on risks, identifying most effective measures and ameliorating surveillance of animal diseases. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defines “climate change” as “a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods”.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77110060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2386-5180.100248
R. More, R. Peter, Gavli Nishma, Youbai Chen, N. Rao
Introduction: Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and Oral Leukoplakia (OL) are the most common Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD’s) seen in South Asia and South East Asian countries. A significant percentage of oral squamous carcinomas develop from pre-existing OPMD’s- Candida organisms is thought to be associated with these lesions. Aim: To determine the incidence and association of candida species in OSMF and OL. Methods: A Case control study was undertaken in 150 participants, which were equally divided into three groups. The smear or swab taken were subjected for Gram staining and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. The Positive cultured Candida samples were analyzed by using HiMedia M 1297 HiCrome Candida Agar plates for determining the different species of Candida. Chi-square, one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD Post Hoc test were used as statistical test. Results: The Gram staining was positive in oral swabs of 14 (28%) participants in OSMF group and 20 (40%) participants in OL group. Similarly, the oral swabs in 28% and 40% of the participants from OSMF and OL group were positive, when cultured in Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar medium. The positive specimens on culturing in HiMedia M 1297 HiCrome Candida Agar plates detected Candida albicans and non albicans significantly (p<0.001) n OSMF and OL group. Conclusions: The Candida albicans and non albicans are associated with OSMF and OL. The findings of our study may act as diagnostic and prognostic marker, although role of candida in carcinogenesis is still a hypothesis and requires more research.
口腔黏膜下纤维化(OSMF)和口腔白斑(OL)是南亚和东南亚国家最常见的潜在恶性疾病(OPMD)。很大比例的口腔鳞状癌是由先前存在的OPMD发展而来的——念珠菌被认为与这些病变有关。目的:探讨念珠菌在OSMF和OL中的发病率及其相关性。方法:采用病例对照研究，将150例患者平均分为3组。取涂片或拭子进行革兰氏染色和沙伯劳德葡萄糖琼脂染色。采用HiMedia M 1297 hirome念珠菌琼脂平板对阳性培养的念珠菌进行菌种分析。统计学检验采用卡方检验、单因素方差分析和Tukey HSD事后检验。结果:OSMF组14例(28%)口腔拭子革兰染色阳性，OL组20例(40%)口腔拭子革兰染色阳性。同样，在Sabouraud 's Dextrose Agar培养基中培养时，OSMF组和OL组中28%和40%的参与者的口腔拭子呈阳性。在HiMedia M 1297 hirome念珠菌琼脂平板培养阳性标本中，OSMF组和OL组均检出白色念珠菌和非白色念珠菌(p<0.001)。结论:白色念珠菌和非白色念珠菌与OSMF和OL相关。我们的研究结果可能作为诊断和预后的标志，尽管念珠菌在癌变中的作用仍然是一个假设，需要更多的研究。
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Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2386-5180.100250
M. C. Igwe, E. Obeagu
The study was done to determine the effect of Tetrapleura tetraptera methanol extract fruit on osmotic fragility of red cells, thrombocytes aggregation and phospholipase A2 activity. The Tetrapleura tetraptera mature fruits were obtained from Eke market, Eha-Amufu. A total of 20 albino rats of different gender measuring 85-130 g were obtained from the Animal Production Unit of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. The TTE significantly (p<0.05) inhibited hypotonicity causing haemolysis of erythrocytes in a concentration dependent manner. TTE inhibited haemolysis in a similar manner as Indomethacin. Take for instance, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/ml of TTE inhibited haemolysis as; 17.3, 38.46, 52.0, and 77.0% respectively. While 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/ml of Indomethacin inhibited hypotonicity induced haemolysis as; 25.0, 57.7, 67.31 and 73.07% respectively. The highest platelet aggregatory function was reached at the 8th minutes. The inhibition of thrombocytes by the TTE correlates with that of indomethacin. TTE significantly (p<0.05) inhibited phospholipase A2 activity in a concentration related manner comparable to that of Prednisolone. Results on membrane stabilization indicated that TTE inhibited haemolysis showed in low osmotic medium. This implies that TTE possess properties which reduce mainly methaemoglobin than deoxyhaemoglobin. The stabilization of red blood cell membrane may be linked to high content of phenols in the methanolic extract. This also suggests that the TTE could be used in the management of Spherocytosis and thalassaemia, iron deficiency anaemia.
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