Archaeometry最新文献

英文中文

Reconstructing the social structure of kinship members in the Central Plains during the Late Shang and Western Zhou dynasties in China: A stable isotopic study on the Xisima site 中国商代晚期和西周时期中原地区亲属社会结构的重建：西司马遗址的稳定同位素研究

IF 1.6 3区地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeometry

Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13024

Hengmeng Geng, Xin Du, Qingli Wei, Yi Guo

Kinship plays a role at the grassroots of social organization, especially in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which is an important research topic in China. However, the relationship between diet and the social status of kinship and kinship members has been little explored in previous studies. In this article, 52 skeletal bone collagen samples from humans and buried dogs from three different kinships in the Xisima cemetery in China were analysed by stable C and N isotope analysis to reveal dietary strategies, and thus explore subsistence patterns and social structure. Overall, the mean human δ13C was −8.4‰ ± 1.3‰ (n = 44), with a range of −10.0‰ to −7.4‰, and the mean δ15N was 9.0‰ ± 0.7‰ (n = 44), with a wide range of 7.9–11.1‰, which shows that C4 food dominates people’s diet, and that their diet was varied. There are differences in diet and rank among different kinships. Similar situations exist among kinship members based on platforms. Along with previous research, this study provides unprecedented dietary details of different social stratification from martyrs, common people and small nobles to high‐ranking nobles in order to better understand the hierarchical Shang and Zhou dynasties society based on kinship.

亲属关系在社会组织的基层发挥作用，特别是在商周时期，这是中国的一个重要研究课题。然而，以往的研究很少探讨饮食与亲属关系及亲属关系成员的社会地位之间的关系。本文通过稳定C和N同位素分析，对中国西司马墓地中来自三个不同亲属关系的52个人类和随葬犬的骨骼骨胶原样本进行了分析，以揭示饮食策略，进而探讨生存模式和社会结构。总体而言，人类δ13C的平均值为-8.4‰±1.3‰（n = 44），范围在-10.0‰至-7.4‰之间，δ15N的平均值为9.0‰±0.7‰（n = 44），范围在7.9-11.1‰之间，这表明C4食物在人们的饮食中占主导地位，而且他们的饮食是多样的。不同亲族之间的膳食和等级存在差异。基于平台的亲族成员之间也存在类似情况。与以往的研究相比，本研究提供了前所未有的从殉人、平民、小贵族到高级贵族等不同社会阶层的饮食细节，以便更好地了解基于亲属关系的商周等级社会。

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引用次数: 0

ARCHAEOMETRIC analysis of pigments from archaeological contexts in the upper DELTA of the PARANÁ river (ARGENTINA) 对巴拉那河（阿根廷）上游德尔塔地区考古发现的颜料进行考古计量学分析

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeometry

Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13020

Mariano Bonomo, Carola Castiñeira Latorre, Violeta Di Prado, María Agustina Ramos van Raap, Adriana Blasi, Guadalupe Arzadún, Diego Block

This research delves into ancient pigment practices among the Goya-Malabrigo societies in the Upper Delta of the Paraná River during the Late Holocene. Utilising Raman microspectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, we analysed 33 samples from six archaeological sites and four natural outcrops. Our discoveries uncovered hematite in red pigments across diverse materials (potsherds, shells, human bones, and sediments), anatase adorning ceramics with whitish tones, and charcoal creating darker shades. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of the mineral composition of ancient colours used by Indigenous people in domestic and funerary contexts but also set the first stage for forthcoming provenance research, integrating multiple archaeometric techniques to unravel the origins of these compelling pigments.

本研究深入探讨了全新世晚期巴拉那河上游三角洲戈雅-马拉布里戈社会的古代颜料使用方法。利用拉曼微光谱和 X 射线衍射技术，我们分析了来自六个考古遗址和四个自然露头的 33 个样本。我们的发现揭示了不同材料（陶器、贝壳、人骨和沉积物）中红色颜料中的赤铁矿、陶瓷上的锐钛矿和产生深色色调的木炭。这些发现不仅有助于了解土著人在家庭和丧葬环境中使用的古代颜料的矿物成分，还为即将开展的来源研究奠定了基础，综合多种考古计量技术，揭开这些引人注目的颜料的起源。

引用次数: 0

For special purposes only: Ceramic casting moulds from the late Bronze and Early Iron Age metallurgical workshop in Grzybiany (SW Poland) 仅供特殊用途：格日比亚尼（波兰西南部）青铜时代晚期和铁器时代早期冶金作坊出土的陶瓷铸造模具

IF 1.6 3区地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeometry

Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13017

Wojciech Bartz, Kamil Nowak, Tomasz Stolarczyk, Justyna Baron

Ceramic moulds are regarded as highly specialised, refractory tools used in metallurgy, yet their production process still needs clarification. Our research aimed to characterise the stages of operational chains applied in mould manufacture. The evidence comes from the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age lake settlement in Grzybiany in SW Poland, dated to 9/8th–5th century bce. The site provided rich data on tin‐bronze metallurgy, chiefly the lost‐wax technique, involving hundreds of broken and complete ceramic moulds. Multifaceted petrographic analyses of the sampled objects demonstrated that they were made from locally accessible raw material and processed entirely differently from other ceramics from the site. The paste was tempered with fine‐grained sand and an exceptional amount of organic material, plastic enough to wrap wax models. This proportion of organic temper did not occur in regular kitchenware of this period. The moulds were fired under well‐controlled conditions and relatively high temperatures (700–950°C). Through this sequence of operations, the Grzybiany community obtained high‐quality products designed specifically for metallurgical purposes.

陶瓷模具被认为是冶金中使用的高度专业化的耐火工具，但其生产过程仍有待澄清。我们的研究旨在确定陶模制造过程中操作链各阶段的特征。证据来自波兰西南部 Grzybiany 的青铜时代晚期和铁器时代早期湖泊定居点，年代为公元前 9/8-5 世纪。该遗址提供了丰富的锡青铜冶金数据，主要是失蜡技术，涉及数百个破碎和完整的陶瓷模具。对取样器物进行的多方面岩相分析表明，这些器物的原料就地取材，加工方法与遗址中的其他陶瓷完全不同。陶泥中加入了细砂和大量有机物，其可塑性足以包裹蜡模。这一时期的普通厨具中没有这种比例的有机物。模具是在良好的控制条件和相对较高的温度（700-950°C）下烧制的。通过这一系列的操作，Grzybiany 社区获得了专门用于冶金目的的高质量产品。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal profiles in varied experimental firings: Implications for different clays and archaeomagnetism 不同实验焙烧的热剖面：对不同粘土和考古磁性的影响

IF 1.6 3区地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeometry

Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13012

Maria Kostadinova‐Avramova, Petar Dimitrov, Andrei Kosterov

Thermal profiles of 16 firings performed under various experimental conditions are investigated and compared, with special attention to cooling due to its significance in archaeomagnetism. Samples of different shapes and sizes handmade from six starting clays were fired once and repeatedly followed by magnetic measurements. The collected experimental data provide a broader view of the relationships among firing conditions, clay composition, and final ceramic products.According to direct measurements, open hearths and kilns reach very similar temperatures (800–900°C). Firing temperature and soaking time tend to be linearly related at temperatures around and above 700°C. Soaking time appears to be independent of the structure type around and above 800°C but not below 600°C. Heating rates and times are related exponentially. Only the cooling process distinguishes ’open’ and ’kiln’ firing, with kiln insulation being the primary factor controlling all thermal parameters. A possible relationship between cooling and fuel type is suggested. Cooling in open hearths and kilns differs from that in laboratory furnaces.The magnetic profiles obtained for various clays highlight the differences in composition, grain size, and thermal stability; increasing the number of firings reduces these later.

研究并比较了在不同实验条件下进行的 16 次烧制的热曲线，其中特别关注冷却，因为冷却对考古磁学具有重要意义。用六种起始粘土手工制作的不同形状和大小的样品经过一次和多次焙烧，然后进行磁性测量。根据直接测量，露天炉和窑炉的温度非常接近（800-900°C）。烧制温度和浸泡时间在摄氏 700 度上下呈线性关系。浸泡时间似乎与 800°C 左右和以上的结构类型无关，但与 600°C 以下的结构类型无关。加热速率和时间呈指数关系。只有冷却过程区分了 "露天 "和 "窑炉 "烧制，窑炉隔热是控制所有热参数的主要因素。冷却与燃料类型之间可能存在关系。露天炉窑和窑炉中的冷却与实验室窑炉中的冷却不同。各种粘土获得的磁性剖面突出了成分、粒度和热稳定性的差异；增加焙烧次数会减少这些差异。

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引用次数: 0

Archaeometric analysis of pottery sherds from Barveh Tepe: Insights into Early Bronze Age pottery‐making techniques and firing temperatures 巴尔韦赫特佩出土陶片的考古计量分析：青铜时代早期制陶技术和烧制温度的启示

IF 1.6 3区地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeometry

Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13011

Hossein Barani, Hamid Reza Ghorbani, Fatemeh Moradi, Maryam Mortazavi Mehrizi, Mahnaz Sharifi, Caroline Lievens

Barveh Tepe, an archaeological site from the Early Bronze Age in the Zagros Mountains of Iran, was the focus of an archaeometric analysis in this study. The aim was to evaluate the firing temperature of excavated pottery sherds from Barveh Tepe and to gain insights into the pottery‐making techniques employed. A range of analytical methods, including optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), was utilized to characterize the pottery sherds. The results revealed the utilization of two primary types of raw clays: calcite‐rich (calcareous) and calcite‐poor (non‐calcareous). The presence of calcite in calcareous pottery samples was confirmed, with the calcareous pottery showing a low CO3−2 vibrational band, indicating a low firing temperature. Through the integration of SEM images, FTIR spectra, TGA curve and XRD pattern results, the estimated firing temperature range for Barveh Tepe pottery was determined to be between 600 and 1100°C. These findings provide new insights into the pottery‐making practices of the Early Bronze Age and shed light on the technological advancements of the period.

Barveh Tepe 是伊朗扎格罗斯山脉青铜时代早期的一个考古遗址，本研究对其进行了考古计量分析。目的是评估巴尔韦赫特佩出土陶器碎片的烧制温度，并深入了解所采用的制陶技术。研究采用了一系列分析方法，包括光学显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDS）、热重分析（TGA）和 X 射线衍射（XRD），以确定陶器碎片的特征。结果表明，陶器主要使用两种类型的原粘土：富含方解石（石灰质）和贫乏方解石（非石灰质）。钙质陶器样本中方解石的存在得到了证实，钙质陶器显示出较低的 CO3-2 振带，表明烧制温度较低。通过整合扫描电子显微镜图像、傅立叶变换红外光谱、TGA 曲线和 XRD 图谱结果，确定了巴尔韦赫特佩陶器的估计烧制温度范围在 600 至 1100°C 之间。这些发现为了解青铜时代早期的陶器制作方法提供了新的视角，并揭示了这一时期的技术进步。

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引用次数: 0

Unearthing the shadows of history: Chemical traces of Second World War atrocities in the Szpęgawski Forest and Death Valley, Poland 揭开历史的阴影：波兰什平高斯基森林和死亡谷第二次世界大战暴行的化学痕迹

IF 1.6 3区地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeometry

Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13013

Dawid Kobiałka, Monika Fabiańska, Joanna Rennwanz, Iwona Hildebrandt‐Radke

This article presents the results of analyses of the chemical composition of organic matter and the occurrence of characteristic geochemical and biochemical markers in 17 samples collected from the Second World War mass graves excavated in the Szpęgawski Forest and Death Valley, Poland. The results show that attempts to cover up mass crimes by burning the bodies of the victims have left their own traces—that each attempt to cover up the crime is associated with the creation of further evidence of the crimes committed.

本文介绍了从波兰什平高斯基森林和死亡谷挖掘出的第二次世界大战万人坑中采集的 17 个样本中有机物化学成分的分析结果以及特征地球化学和生物化学标记的出现情况。研究结果表明，通过焚烧受害者尸体来掩盖大规模罪行的企图留下了自己的痕迹--每一次掩盖罪行的企图都与制造更多的犯罪证据有关。

引用次数: 0

What a long strange trip it's been: The best of Mark Pollard and Archaeometry 这真是一次漫长而奇特的旅行：马克-波拉德和《考古学》的精华

IF 1.6 3区地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeometry

Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13015

Ruth Ann Armitage, Catherine Batt, Carl Heron

引用次数: 0

Unveiling deception: An approach of the Shroud of Turin's anatomical anomalies and artistic liberties 揭开欺骗的面纱：都灵裹尸布的解剖异常和艺术自由的研究方法

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeometry

Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13014

Elio Quiroga Rodríguez

The authenticity of the Shroud of Turin, also known as the ‘Síndone’ or ‘Holy Shroud’, faces significant doubt based on scientific evidence. Carbon-14 testing conducted decades ago placed its origin in the Middle Ages, raising questions about its connection to Jesus Christ. This article highlights an anatomical anomaly: the hand placement covering the genitals appears inconsistent with human proportions, suggesting a possible artistic intervention.

根据科学证据，都灵裹尸布（又称 "Síndone "或 "神圣裹尸布"）的真实性面临重大质疑。几十年前进行的碳-14 测试将裹尸布的原产地定为中世纪，使人们对其与耶稣基督的联系产生了疑问。这篇文章强调了一个解剖学上的异常现象：覆盖生殖器的手的位置似乎与人体比例不符，这表明可能存在艺术干预。

引用次数: 0

Destructuring a shield to rebuild the history: The case of the painted wooden shield from the battle of Lepanto in Marino (Rome, Italy) 改造盾牌，重建历史：马里诺（意大利罗马）莱庞托战役彩绘木盾案例

IF 1.6 3区地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeometry

Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13008

Morena Iorio, Valerio Graziani, Ludovica Ruggiero, Elisabetta Biscarini, Roberto Libera, Giancarlo Della Ventura, Mariaelena Fedi, Serena Barone, Lucia Liccioli, Paolo Branchini, Armida Sodo, Luca Tortora

A painted wooden shield from the 16th century, commonly traced back to the famous Lepanto Battle (1571), was investigated by a multi‐analytical approach to identify its manufacturing process and shed light on its cultural provenance. The typology is coherent with both the Christian and Ottoman armies and does not allow for an attribution. Radiocarbon dated the shield to two time intervals (1470–1525, 1580–1625, at 68% level of probability), compatible with the date of the Battle of Lepanto. Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy, Attenuated Total Reflectance, External Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared, micro‐Raman and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy, and histochemical and shrinking temperature tests were used to characterize the artefact. The shield resulted to be made of softwood panels, covered by a stratigraphy of flax fibres, cattle skin, and a painting preparation layer of hydromagnesite. Adhesion was ensured by bone glue. Oblique, red, and cinnabar stripes alternating on the white preparation are visible on the front of the shield, whereas a homogeneous dark paint covers the back. None of the raw materials was informative by themselves, but the unusual presence of the hydromagnesite could be crossed with the geographical context, resulting in a promising outcome for future isotopic and trace element studies.

我们采用多重分析方法对一面 16 世纪的彩绘木盾（通常可追溯到著名的莱庞托战役（1571 年））进行了研究，以确定其制造工艺并揭示其文化渊源。该盾牌的类型与基督教和奥斯曼帝国的军队一致，无法确定其归属。放射性碳测定盾牌的年代为两个时间段（1470-1525 年和 1580-1625 年，概率为 68%），与莱庞托战役的日期相符。为了确定文物的特征，使用了光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜、衰减全反射、外反射傅立叶变换红外光谱、微拉曼光谱和能量色散 X 射线光谱，以及组织化学和收缩温度测试。盾牌由软木板制成，表面覆盖亚麻纤维层、牛皮层和水镁石绘画准备层。骨胶确保了粘合力。盾牌正面可以看到在白色准备层上交替出现的斜条纹、红色条纹和朱砂条纹，而背面则覆盖着均匀的深色涂料。这些原材料本身都不具有参考价值，但是水镁石的不寻常存在可以与地理环境相联系，从而为未来的同位素和微量元素研究带来希望。

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引用次数: 0

ArchaeoPyDating: A new user-friendly release for archaeomagnetic dating ArchaeoPyDating：用户友好型考古磁测年新版本

IF 1.5 3区地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeometry

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/arcm.13009

Mario Serrano, F. Javier Pavón-Carrasco, Saioa A. Campuzano, M. Luisa Osete

In this work, we present ArchaeoPyDating, a new version of the archaeo_dating Matlab software used for archaeomagnetic dating. This updated version introduces a transition from the original Matlab code to Python, enabling the software to be presented as an online tool. By offering a web-based interface, ArchaeoPyDating eliminates the need for licenses, program installations, or programming expertise, making it widely accessible to users through various devices and browsers. This enhanced accessibility holds great potential for popularizing the archaeomagnetic dating method. This study presents both the new online version of the tool and a Python module that encompasses all the essential classes and functions required for conducting archaeomagnetic dating in a command-line environment, which can be useful for advanced users.

在这项工作中，我们介绍了 ArchaeoPyDating，这是用于考古地磁测年的 Archaeo_dating Matlab 软件的新版本。该更新版本将原来的 Matlab 代码转换为 Python 代码，使软件能够以在线工具的形式呈现。通过提供基于网络的界面，ArchaeoPyDating 不再需要许可证、程序安装或编程知识，使用户可以通过各种设备和浏览器广泛使用。这种可访问性的增强为普及考古磁测年方法带来了巨大潜力。本研究介绍了该工具的新在线版本和一个 Python 模块，后者包含了在命令行环境下进行考古磁测年所需的所有基本类和功能，对高级用户非常有用。

引用次数: 0

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