Kinship plays a role at the grassroots of social organization, especially in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which is an important research topic in China. However, the relationship between diet and the social status of kinship and kinship members has been little explored in previous studies. In this article, 52 skeletal bone collagen samples from humans and buried dogs from three different kinships in the Xisima cemetery in China were analysed by stable C and N isotope analysis to reveal dietary strategies, and thus explore subsistence patterns and social structure. Overall, the mean human δ13C was −8.4‰ ± 1.3‰ (n = 44), with a range of −10.0‰ to −7.4‰, and the mean δ15N was 9.0‰ ± 0.7‰ (n = 44), with a wide range of 7.9–11.1‰, which shows that C4 food dominates people’s diet, and that their diet was varied. There are differences in diet and rank among different kinships. Similar situations exist among kinship members based on platforms. Along with previous research, this study provides unprecedented dietary details of different social stratification from martyrs, common people and small nobles to high‐ranking nobles in order to better understand the hierarchical Shang and Zhou dynasties society based on kinship.
{"title":"Reconstructing the social structure of kinship members in the Central Plains during the Late Shang and Western Zhou dynasties in China: A stable isotopic study on the Xisima site","authors":"Hengmeng Geng, Xin Du, Qingli Wei, Yi Guo","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13024","url":null,"abstract":"Kinship plays a role at the grassroots of social organization, especially in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which is an important research topic in China. However, the relationship between diet and the social status of kinship and kinship members has been little explored in previous studies. In this article, 52 skeletal bone collagen samples from humans and buried dogs from three different kinships in the Xisima cemetery in China were analysed by stable C and N isotope analysis to reveal dietary strategies, and thus explore subsistence patterns and social structure. Overall, the mean human <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic><jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C was −8.4‰ ± 1.3‰ (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 44), with a range of −10.0‰ to −7.4‰, and the mean <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic><jats:sup>15</jats:sup>N was 9.0‰ ± 0.7‰ (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 44), with a wide range of 7.9–11.1‰, which shows that C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> food dominates people’s diet, and that their diet was varied. There are differences in diet and rank among different kinships. Similar situations exist among kinship members based on platforms. Along with previous research, this study provides unprecedented dietary details of different social stratification from martyrs, common people and small nobles to high‐ranking nobles in order to better understand the hierarchical Shang and Zhou dynasties society based on kinship.","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142218508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariano Bonomo, Carola Castiñeira Latorre, Violeta Di Prado, María Agustina Ramos van Raap, Adriana Blasi, Guadalupe Arzadún, Diego Block
This research delves into ancient pigment practices among the Goya‐Malabrigo societies in the Upper Delta of the Paraná River during the Late Holocene. Utilising Raman microspectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction, we analysed 33 samples from six archaeological sites and four natural outcrops. Our discoveries uncovered hematite in red pigments across diverse materials (potsherds, shells, human bones, and sediments), anatase adorning ceramics with whitish tones, and charcoal creating darker shades. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of the mineral composition of ancient colours used by Indigenous people in domestic and funerary contexts but also set the first stage for forthcoming provenance research, integrating multiple archaeometric techniques to unravel the origins of these compelling pigments.
本研究深入探讨了全新世晚期巴拉那河上游三角洲戈雅-马拉布里戈社会的古代颜料使用方法。利用拉曼微光谱和 X 射线衍射技术，我们分析了来自六个考古遗址和四个自然露头的 33 个样本。我们的发现揭示了不同材料（陶器、贝壳、人骨和沉积物）中红色颜料中的赤铁矿、陶瓷上的锐钛矿和产生深色色调的木炭。这些发现不仅有助于了解土著人在家庭和丧葬环境中使用的古代颜料的矿物成分，还为即将开展的来源研究奠定了基础，综合多种考古计量技术，揭开这些引人注目的颜料的起源。
{"title":"ARCHAEOMETRIC analysis of pigments from archaeological contexts in the upper DELTA of the PARANÁ river (ARGENTINA)","authors":"Mariano Bonomo, Carola Castiñeira Latorre, Violeta Di Prado, María Agustina Ramos van Raap, Adriana Blasi, Guadalupe Arzadún, Diego Block","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13020","url":null,"abstract":"This research delves into ancient pigment practices among the Goya‐Malabrigo societies in the Upper Delta of the Paraná River during the Late Holocene. Utilising Raman microspectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction, we analysed 33 samples from six archaeological sites and four natural outcrops. Our discoveries uncovered hematite in red pigments across diverse materials (potsherds, shells, human bones, and sediments), anatase adorning ceramics with whitish tones, and charcoal creating darker shades. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of the mineral composition of ancient colours used by Indigenous people in domestic and funerary contexts but also set the first stage for forthcoming provenance research, integrating multiple archaeometric techniques to unravel the origins of these compelling pigments.","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wojciech Bartz, Kamil Nowak, Tomasz Stolarczyk, Justyna Baron
Ceramic moulds are regarded as highly specialised, refractory tools used in metallurgy, yet their production process still needs clarification. Our research aimed to characterise the stages of operational chains applied in mould manufacture. The evidence comes from the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age lake settlement in Grzybiany in SW Poland, dated to 9/8th–5th century bce. The site provided rich data on tin‐bronze metallurgy, chiefly the lost‐wax technique, involving hundreds of broken and complete ceramic moulds. Multifaceted petrographic analyses of the sampled objects demonstrated that they were made from locally accessible raw material and processed entirely differently from other ceramics from the site. The paste was tempered with fine‐grained sand and an exceptional amount of organic material, plastic enough to wrap wax models. This proportion of organic temper did not occur in regular kitchenware of this period. The moulds were fired under well‐controlled conditions and relatively high temperatures (700–950°C). Through this sequence of operations, the Grzybiany community obtained high‐quality products designed specifically for metallurgical purposes.
{"title":"For special purposes only: Ceramic casting moulds from the late Bronze and Early Iron Age metallurgical workshop in Grzybiany (SW Poland)","authors":"Wojciech Bartz, Kamil Nowak, Tomasz Stolarczyk, Justyna Baron","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13017","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramic moulds are regarded as highly specialised, refractory tools used in metallurgy, yet their production process still needs clarification. Our research aimed to characterise the stages of operational chains applied in mould manufacture. The evidence comes from the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age lake settlement in Grzybiany in SW Poland, dated to 9/8th–5th century <jats:sc>bce</jats:sc>. The site provided rich data on tin‐bronze metallurgy, chiefly the lost‐wax technique, involving hundreds of broken and complete ceramic moulds. Multifaceted petrographic analyses of the sampled objects demonstrated that they were made from locally accessible raw material and processed entirely differently from other ceramics from the site. The paste was tempered with fine‐grained sand and an exceptional amount of organic material, plastic enough to wrap wax models. This proportion of organic temper did not occur in regular kitchenware of this period. The moulds were fired under well‐controlled conditions and relatively high temperatures (700–950°C). Through this sequence of operations, the Grzybiany community obtained high‐quality products designed specifically for metallurgical purposes.","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Kostadinova‐Avramova, Petar Dimitrov, Andrei Kosterov
Thermal profiles of 16 firings performed under various experimental conditions are investigated and compared, with special attention to cooling due to its significance in archaeomagnetism. Samples of different shapes and sizes handmade from six starting clays were fired once and repeatedly followed by magnetic measurements. The collected experimental data provide a broader view of the relationships among firing conditions, clay composition, and final ceramic products.According to direct measurements, open hearths and kilns reach very similar temperatures (800–900°C). Firing temperature and soaking time tend to be linearly related at temperatures around and above 700°C. Soaking time appears to be independent of the structure type around and above 800°C but not below 600°C. Heating rates and times are related exponentially. Only the cooling process distinguishes ’open’ and ’kiln’ firing, with kiln insulation being the primary factor controlling all thermal parameters. A possible relationship between cooling and fuel type is suggested. Cooling in open hearths and kilns differs from that in laboratory furnaces.The magnetic profiles obtained for various clays highlight the differences in composition, grain size, and thermal stability; increasing the number of firings reduces these later.
{"title":"Thermal profiles in varied experimental firings: Implications for different clays and archaeomagnetism","authors":"Maria Kostadinova‐Avramova, Petar Dimitrov, Andrei Kosterov","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13012","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal profiles of 16 firings performed under various experimental conditions are investigated and compared, with special attention to cooling due to its significance in archaeomagnetism. Samples of different shapes and sizes handmade from six starting clays were fired once and repeatedly followed by magnetic measurements. The collected experimental data provide a broader view of the relationships among firing conditions, clay composition, and final ceramic products.According to direct measurements, open hearths and kilns reach very similar temperatures (800–900°C). Firing temperature and soaking time tend to be linearly related at temperatures around and above 700°C. Soaking time appears to be independent of the structure type around and above 800°C but not below 600°C. Heating rates and times are related exponentially. Only the cooling process distinguishes ’open’ and ’kiln’ firing, with kiln insulation being the primary factor controlling all thermal parameters. A possible relationship between cooling and fuel type is suggested. Cooling in open hearths and kilns differs from that in laboratory furnaces.The magnetic profiles obtained for various clays highlight the differences in composition, grain size, and thermal stability; increasing the number of firings reduces these later.","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barveh Tepe, an archaeological site from the Early Bronze Age in the Zagros Mountains of Iran, was the focus of an archaeometric analysis in this study. The aim was to evaluate the firing temperature of excavated pottery sherds from Barveh Tepe and to gain insights into the pottery‐making techniques employed. A range of analytical methods, including optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), was utilized to characterize the pottery sherds. The results revealed the utilization of two primary types of raw clays: calcite‐rich (calcareous) and calcite‐poor (non‐calcareous). The presence of calcite in calcareous pottery samples was confirmed, with the calcareous pottery showing a low CO3−2 vibrational band, indicating a low firing temperature. Through the integration of SEM images, FTIR spectra, TGA curve and XRD pattern results, the estimated firing temperature range for Barveh Tepe pottery was determined to be between 600 and 1100°C. These findings provide new insights into the pottery‐making practices of the Early Bronze Age and shed light on the technological advancements of the period.
Barveh Tepe 是伊朗扎格罗斯山脉青铜时代早期的一个考古遗址，本研究对其进行了考古计量分析。目的是评估巴尔韦赫特佩出土陶器碎片的烧制温度，并深入了解所采用的制陶技术。研究采用了一系列分析方法，包括光学显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDS）、热重分析（TGA）和 X 射线衍射（XRD），以确定陶器碎片的特征。结果表明，陶器主要使用两种类型的原粘土：富含方解石（石灰质）和贫乏方解石（非石灰质）。钙质陶器样本中方解石的存在得到了证实，钙质陶器显示出较低的 CO3-2 振带，表明烧制温度较低。通过整合扫描电子显微镜图像、傅立叶变换红外光谱、TGA 曲线和 XRD 图谱结果，确定了巴尔韦赫特佩陶器的估计烧制温度范围在 600 至 1100°C 之间。这些发现为了解青铜时代早期的陶器制作方法提供了新的视角，并揭示了这一时期的技术进步。
{"title":"Archaeometric analysis of pottery sherds from Barveh Tepe: Insights into Early Bronze Age pottery‐making techniques and firing temperatures","authors":"Hossein Barani, Hamid Reza Ghorbani, Fatemeh Moradi, Maryam Mortazavi Mehrizi, Mahnaz Sharifi, Caroline Lievens","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13011","url":null,"abstract":"Barveh Tepe, an archaeological site from the Early Bronze Age in the Zagros Mountains of Iran, was the focus of an archaeometric analysis in this study. The aim was to evaluate the firing temperature of excavated pottery sherds from Barveh Tepe and to gain insights into the pottery‐making techniques employed. A range of analytical methods, including optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), was utilized to characterize the pottery sherds. The results revealed the utilization of two primary types of raw clays: calcite‐rich (calcareous) and calcite‐poor (non‐calcareous). The presence of calcite in calcareous pottery samples was confirmed, with the calcareous pottery showing a low CO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> vibrational band, indicating a low firing temperature. Through the integration of SEM images, FTIR spectra, TGA curve and XRD pattern results, the estimated firing temperature range for Barveh Tepe pottery was determined to be between 600 and 1100°C. These findings provide new insights into the pottery‐making practices of the Early Bronze Age and shed light on the technological advancements of the period.","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141863681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the results of analyses of the chemical composition of organic matter and the occurrence of characteristic geochemical and biochemical markers in 17 samples collected from the Second World War mass graves excavated in the Szpęgawski Forest and Death Valley, Poland. The results show that attempts to cover up mass crimes by burning the bodies of the victims have left their own traces—that each attempt to cover up the crime is associated with the creation of further evidence of the crimes committed.
{"title":"Unearthing the shadows of history: Chemical traces of Second World War atrocities in the Szpęgawski Forest and Death Valley, Poland","authors":"Dawid Kobiałka, Monika Fabiańska, Joanna Rennwanz, Iwona Hildebrandt‐Radke","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13013","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of analyses of the chemical composition of organic matter and the occurrence of characteristic geochemical and biochemical markers in 17 samples collected from the Second World War mass graves excavated in the Szpęgawski Forest and Death Valley, Poland. The results show that attempts to cover up mass crimes by burning the bodies of the victims have left their own traces—that each attempt to cover up the crime is associated with the creation of further evidence of the crimes committed.","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What a long strange trip it's been: The best of Mark Pollard and Archaeometry","authors":"Ruth Ann Armitage, Catherine Batt, Carl Heron","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authenticity of the Shroud of Turin, also known as the ‘Síndone’ or ‘Holy Shroud’, faces significant doubt based on scientific evidence. Carbon‐14 testing conducted decades ago placed its origin in the Middle Ages, raising questions about its connection to Jesus Christ. This article highlights an anatomical anomaly: the hand placement covering the genitals appears inconsistent with human proportions, suggesting a possible artistic intervention.
{"title":"Unveiling deception: An approach of the Shroud of Turin's anatomical anomalies and artistic liberties","authors":"Elio Quiroga Rodríguez","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13014","url":null,"abstract":"The authenticity of the Shroud of Turin, also known as the ‘Síndone’ or ‘Holy Shroud’, faces significant doubt based on scientific evidence. Carbon‐14 testing conducted decades ago placed its origin in the Middle Ages, raising questions about its connection to Jesus Christ. This article highlights an anatomical anomaly: the hand placement covering the genitals appears inconsistent with human proportions, suggesting a possible artistic intervention.","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A painted wooden shield from the 16th century, commonly traced back to the famous Lepanto Battle (1571), was investigated by a multi‐analytical approach to identify its manufacturing process and shed light on its cultural provenance. The typology is coherent with both the Christian and Ottoman armies and does not allow for an attribution. Radiocarbon dated the shield to two time intervals (1470–1525, 1580–1625, at 68% level of probability), compatible with the date of the Battle of Lepanto. Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy, Attenuated Total Reflectance, External Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared, micro‐Raman and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy, and histochemical and shrinking temperature tests were used to characterize the artefact. The shield resulted to be made of softwood panels, covered by a stratigraphy of flax fibres, cattle skin, and a painting preparation layer of hydromagnesite. Adhesion was ensured by bone glue. Oblique, red, and cinnabar stripes alternating on the white preparation are visible on the front of the shield, whereas a homogeneous dark paint covers the back. None of the raw materials was informative by themselves, but the unusual presence of the hydromagnesite could be crossed with the geographical context, resulting in a promising outcome for future isotopic and trace element studies.
我们采用多重分析方法对一面 16 世纪的彩绘木盾（通常可追溯到著名的莱庞托战役（1571 年））进行了研究，以确定其制造工艺并揭示其文化渊源。该盾牌的类型与基督教和奥斯曼帝国的军队一致，无法确定其归属。放射性碳测定盾牌的年代为两个时间段（1470-1525 年和 1580-1625 年，概率为 68%），与莱庞托战役的日期相符。为了确定文物的特征，使用了光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜、衰减全反射、外反射傅立叶变换红外光谱、微拉曼光谱和能量色散 X 射线光谱，以及组织化学和收缩温度测试。盾牌由软木板制成，表面覆盖亚麻纤维层、牛皮层和水镁石绘画准备层。骨胶确保了粘合力。盾牌正面可以看到在白色准备层上交替出现的斜条纹、红色条纹和朱砂条纹，而背面则覆盖着均匀的深色涂料。这些原材料本身都不具有参考价值，但是水镁石的不寻常存在可以与地理环境相联系，从而为未来的同位素和微量元素研究带来希望。
{"title":"Destructuring a shield to rebuild the history: The case of the painted wooden shield from the battle of Lepanto in Marino (Rome, Italy)","authors":"Morena Iorio, Valerio Graziani, Ludovica Ruggiero, Elisabetta Biscarini, Roberto Libera, Giancarlo Della Ventura, Mariaelena Fedi, Serena Barone, Lucia Liccioli, Paolo Branchini, Armida Sodo, Luca Tortora","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13008","url":null,"abstract":"A painted wooden shield from the 16th century, commonly traced back to the famous Lepanto Battle (1571), was investigated by a multi‐analytical approach to identify its manufacturing process and shed light on its cultural provenance. The typology is coherent with both the Christian and Ottoman armies and does not allow for an attribution. Radiocarbon dated the shield to two time intervals (1470–1525, 1580–1625, at 68% level of probability), compatible with the date of the Battle of Lepanto. Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy, Attenuated Total Reflectance, External Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared, micro‐Raman and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy, and histochemical and shrinking temperature tests were used to characterize the artefact. The shield resulted to be made of softwood panels, covered by a stratigraphy of flax fibres, cattle skin, and a painting preparation layer of hydromagnesite. Adhesion was ensured by bone glue. Oblique, red, and cinnabar stripes alternating on the white preparation are visible on the front of the shield, whereas a homogeneous dark paint covers the back. None of the raw materials was informative by themselves, but the unusual presence of the hydromagnesite could be crossed with the geographical context, resulting in a promising outcome for future isotopic and trace element studies.","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141574543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mario Serrano, F. Javier Pavón-Carrasco, Saioa A. Campuzano, M. Luisa Osete
In this work, we present ArchaeoPyDating, a new version of the archaeo_dating Matlab software used for archaeomagnetic dating. This updated version introduces a transition from the original Matlab code to Python, enabling the software to be presented as an online tool. By offering a web-based interface, ArchaeoPyDating eliminates the need for licenses, program installations, or programming expertise, making it widely accessible to users through various devices and browsers. This enhanced accessibility holds great potential for popularizing the archaeomagnetic dating method. This study presents both the new online version of the tool and a Python module that encompasses all the essential classes and functions required for conducting archaeomagnetic dating in a command-line environment, which can be useful for advanced users.
{"title":"ArchaeoPyDating: A new user-friendly release for archaeomagnetic dating","authors":"Mario Serrano, F. Javier Pavón-Carrasco, Saioa A. Campuzano, M. Luisa Osete","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/arcm.13009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, we present <i>ArchaeoPyDating</i>, a new version of the <i>archaeo_dating</i> Matlab software used for archaeomagnetic dating. This updated version introduces a transition from the original Matlab code to Python, enabling the software to be presented as an online tool. By offering a web-based interface, <i>ArchaeoPyDating</i> eliminates the need for licenses, program installations, or programming expertise, making it widely accessible to users through various devices and browsers. This enhanced accessibility holds great potential for popularizing the archaeomagnetic dating method. This study presents both the new online version of the tool and a Python module that encompasses all the essential classes and functions required for conducting archaeomagnetic dating in a command-line environment, which can be useful for advanced users.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"66 6","pages":"1424-1437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/arcm.13009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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