Aquatic Botany最新文献_第5页

First discovery of an intersubgeneric hybrid Sparganium emersum × S. microcarpum (Typhaceae) based on morphological and molecular data 基于形态和分子资料的亚属间杂交种荆草×微卡彭（斑草科）的首次发现

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103919

Eugeny A. Belyakov , Alexander G. Lapirov , Tian Lv , Shiran Zhan , Xinwei Xu

Hybridization is widespread in the genus Sparganium, but previously confirmed cases were restricted to crosses between species within the two subgenera (subg. Xanthosparganium or subg. Sparganium). Intersubgeneric hybridization had long been dismissed by most authoritative researchers, as experimental attempts to cross these lineages consistently failed. Here we reported Sparganium × papczenkovii Belyakov et Lapirov, a newly discovered natural hybrid resulting from the spontaneous hybridization between species of two Sparganium subgenera: S. emersum (subg. Xanthosparganium) and S. microcarpum (subg. Sparganium). The hybrid status of the found population was confirmed through principal coordinates analysis of seven morphological traits including tepal morphometrics comparing the hybrid, its putative parental species (S. emersum and S. microcarpum), and one more possible candidate – S. erectum. Sequence analysis of chloroplast and nuclear DNA further supported the hybrid origin, revealing that all examined S. × papczenkovii samples were heterozygous with S. emersum as the maternal parent and S. microcarpum as the paternal parent. We also found that all samples of S. × papczenkovii were F1 generations. We propose that post-zygotic reproductive isolation specifically, F1 sterility may maintain species boundary between S. emersum and S. microcarpum. Despite potential sterility, F1 hybrids in Sparganium exhibit significant ecological and evolutionary relevance, as their vegetative reproduction often grants them higher competitiveness compared to parental species.

杂交在米草属中很普遍，但以前确认的病例仅限于两个亚属（亚属）内的种之间的杂交。黄米属或亚属。Sparganium)。亚属间杂交长期以来一直被大多数权威研究人员所忽视，因为交叉这些谱系的实验尝试总是失败。本文报道了一种新发现的天然杂交种Sparganium × papczenkovii Belyakov et Lapirov，该杂交种是由两个Sparganium亚属的种间自发杂交而成的。黄花菜属植物)和小果皮属植物。Sparganium)。通过7个形态特征的主坐标分析，证实了该群体的杂交地位，包括比较杂交种及其推测的亲本种（S. emersum和S. microcarpum）的花被形态计量学，以及另一个可能的候选物种- S. erectum。叶绿体和细胞核DNA的序列分析进一步支持了杂交来源，结果表明，所有样品均与母本为emersum，父本为S. microcarpum杂合。我们还发现所有的S. × papczenkovii样品都是F1代。我们认为，合子后的生殖隔离，特别是F1的不育，可能维持了沙棘和小角沙棘之间的物种边界。尽管具有潜在的不育性，但Sparganium的F1杂交种表现出显著的生态和进化相关性，因为它们的营养繁殖通常赋予它们比亲本物种更高的竞争力。

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引用次数: 0

Phytohormone profiles in leaves and traps of three Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) species 三种genlisae （Lentibulariaceae）植物叶片和诱捕器的植物激素谱

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103920

Lubomír Adamec , Lenka Plačková , Karel Doležal

Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) is a tropical genus of rootless wetland carnivorous plants. The belowground leaf (rhizophyll) is a Y-shaped organ which functions as an ‘eel trap‘ for soil microorganisms. We compared phytohormonal profiles (cytokinins, auxins, ABA) in green photosynthetic leaves, upper trap segments (including the vesicle for prey digestion) and lower branched trap segments functioning as trap entrances, in three Genlisea species from a pot culture. Relatively low contents of total cytokinins (35–1017 nmol kg⁻¹; dry weight) and active cytokinins (7–213 nmol kg⁻¹) occurred in the species. Those in upper trap segments, which fulfill demanding physiological functions, usually exceeded several times those in branched trap segments or green leaves. Generally, auxin contents were enormously variable across the species. Auxin contents (both IAA and total contents) in both organ types in G. hispidula and G. uncinata exceeded those in the G. lobata × flexuosa hybrid by one–three orders of magnitude. The highest free IAA content was usually in green leaves followed by upper and branched trap segments. However, the ABA content, as a hormonal criterion for plant dormancy, was consistently very low in all organs and species, indicating no growth limitation by this inhibitory hormone. The comparison of these hormone profiles with those from the literature in the phylogenetically related sister genus Utricularia (six aquatic species) has indicated that the very low cytokinin contents in Genlisea organs could reflect their very low growth rate as compared to rapidly growing aquatic Utricularia species.

龙舌兰属（扁桃科）是热带无根湿地食肉植物属。地下叶（根茎叶）是一个y形器官，其功能是“鳗鱼陷阱”的土壤微生物。我们比较了三种草属植物盆栽的绿色光合叶片、上部陷阱段（包括用于猎物消化的囊泡）和下部分支陷阱段作为陷阱入口的植物激素谱（细胞分裂素、生长素、ABA）。总细胞分裂素含量相对较低（35-1017 nmol kg−1）；干重)和活性细胞分裂素（7-213 nmol kg−1）均出现在该物种中。上陷阱段的生理功能要求高，通常超过分枝陷阱段或绿叶的数倍。总的来说，不同物种的生长素含量差异很大。两种器官类型的生长素含量（IAA和总含量）均比大叶草和 弯曲草杂交品种高1 - 3个数量级。游离IAA含量最高的通常是叶片，其次是叶片上部和分枝节。然而，作为植物休眠激素标准的ABA含量在所有器官和物种中一直很低，表明这种抑制激素不受生长限制。将这些激素谱与系统发育相关的姐妹属水蛭属（6种水生物种）的文献比较表明，与快速生长的水生水蛭属相比，水蛭属器官中细胞分裂素含量非常低，这可能反映了它们的生长速度非常低。

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引用次数: 0

Growth, morphology, and nitrogen uptake adaptivity of Phragmites karka in response to nitrogen forms and oxygen availability 芦苇生长、形态和氮吸收适应性对氮形态和氧有效性的响应

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103918

Manutsawan Manokieng, Arunothai Jampeetong

The responses of Phragmites karka to different N-forms and O₂ supply were investigated. Fourteen-day old plants were selected and assigned randomly to six experimental treatments (n = 10), with three N-forms (NH₄⁺, NO₃^-, NH₄NO₃) at equilibrium concentration (500 µM N) and two O₂ conditions (normoxia and hypoxia). All plants were cultivated in greenhouse conditions for 77 days. Under normoxia, NH₄⁺-fed plants had significantly higher dry mass production and NH₄⁺ removal capacity than NO₃^--fed plants. In addition, the NH₄⁺- and NH₄NO₃-fed plants had significantly higher root dry mass and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) compared to the NO₃^--fed plants. This suggests NH₄⁺ preference under normoxia. Under hypoxia, the plants had reduced growth, biomass production, N removal capacity, and NUE. The plants also modulated root traits by reducing root dry mass, root length and root diameter. The plants had no significant difference in dry mass across N-forms under hypoxia. However, the NH₄⁺-fed plants increased their shoot:root ratios, while the NO₃^--fed plants retained their shoot:root ratios under hypoxia. Moreover, the NO₃^--fed plants had slighter changes in root size and biomass, NH₄⁺ removal capacity, and NUE, suggesting better stability under hypoxia compared to the NH₄⁺-fed plants. The different response patterns between N-form are probably due to the energy preservation of roots associated with N uptake and assimilation. It appears that, P. karka utilizes both NH₄⁺ and NO₃^-, but that it prefer NH₄⁺ when sufficient O₂ is available. In addition, this species can tolerate prolonged hypoxia and adaptation patterns appear to be N-form dependent.

研究了芦苇对不同氮素形态和氧供应的响应。选取14日龄植株，随机分配到平衡浓度（500 µM n）下3种n形态（NH4+、NO3-、NH4NO3）和2种O2条件（常氧和低氧）下6种处理（n = 10）。所有植株在温室条件下栽培77天。在常氧条件下，NH4+饲喂植物的干量产量和NH4+去除率显著高于NO3饲喂植物。此外，饲喂NH4+-和nh4no3的植株根系干质量和氮素利用效率（NUE）显著高于饲喂NO3——的植株。这表明常氧条件下对NH4+的偏好。在低氧条件下，植物的生长、生物量、氮去除能力和氮素利用效率均下降。植株还通过减少根干质量、根长和根径来调节根系性状。在低氧条件下，不同氮形态的植株干质量无显著差异。缺氧条件下，NH4+处理植株的茎根比增加，NO3处理植株的茎根比保持不变。此外，NO3—供试植物的根系大小、生物量、NH4+去除率和氮肥利用率变化较小，表明其在缺氧条件下的稳定性优于NH4+供试植物。不同形态氮素的响应模式不同，可能与根系对氮素吸收和同化的能量保存有关。karka似乎同时利用NH4+和NO3-，但当O2充足时，它更倾向于使用NH4+。此外，该物种可以忍受长时间的缺氧，适应模式似乎依赖于n形式。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the combined methods of live planting and seed dispersal in restoration of Zostera marina (eelgrass) in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey by genetic diversity and pedigree analysis of restored populations 通过恢复种群的遗传多样性和系谱分析，评价新泽西Barnegat湾大叶藻（Zostera marina, eelgrass）恢复中活体种植和种子传播相结合的方法

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103917

Nicole Rodriguez Ortiz, Nathan Cruz, Tiffany V. Santos, Paul A.X. Bologna , James J. Campanella

Zostera marina (eelgrass) is a near-shore marine plant species that provides essential ecosystem services both as food and refuge for a variety of sea life, as well as a physical anchor for the littoral sediment along temperate coastlines. Due to disease, anthropogenic reductive effects, and recent natural disasters, Barnegat Bay, NJ has seen a reduction in natural populations of the species over the last few decades. Newly restored beds of Z. marina were planted in 2021 and 2022 by a combined method of live transplants and seed dispersal. In 2023, we acquired tissue samples from restored populations with the following objectives: A) test how successful the combined restoration method was at producing thriving populations, B) determine genetic diversity and “genetic health” as partial indicators of restoration success, and C) determine kinship in order to help correlate ancestry and efficacious seagrass growth progression. We found each restored population evinced increased genetic diversity over donor populations, based upon improved observed heterozygosity (mean 0.584), low inbreeding fixation levels (mean -0.146), and higher effective population sizes (mean 2.988). Principal Coordinate Analysis indicated that restored plants are primarily related to live planted donors, with alleles from seed donors in evidence. Cluster Analysis supports that restored individuals have genetic components of all donors, but also suggests environmental selection and genetic bottlenecking have occurred. Statistical analysis confirms the presence of bottlenecks in all restored populations. Overall, results support initial success in restored seagrass meadows. As global declines in seagrass beds continue, with the accompanying loss in genetic diversity, restoration techniques that demonstrate success in ecosystem service recovery and increased genetic diversity will guide practitioners in preservation and restoration of these habitats.

大叶藻（Zostera marina）是一种近岸海洋植物，为各种海洋生物提供食物和避难所，同时也是温带海岸线沿岸沉积物的物理锚。由于疾病、人为减少效应和最近的自然灾害，在过去的几十年里，新泽西州巴内加特湾的自然种群数量减少了。采用活体移植和种子传播相结合的方法，于2021年和2022年种植了新修复的Z. marina床。2023年，我们从恢复种群中获取了组织样本，目的如下：A)测试联合恢复方法在产生繁荣种群方面的成功程度；B)确定遗传多样性和“遗传健康”作为恢复成功的部分指标；C)确定亲属关系，以帮助关联祖先和有效的海草生长进程。我们发现，由于观察到的杂合度提高（平均0.584），近交固定水平降低（平均-0.146），有效种群规模增大（平均2.988），每个恢复种群的遗传多样性都比供体种群有所增加。主坐标分析表明，恢复植株主要与活体供体有亲缘关系，来自供体的等位基因明显存在。聚类分析支持恢复个体具有所有供体的遗传成分，但也表明发生了环境选择和遗传瓶颈。统计分析证实，在所有恢复的种群中都存在瓶颈。总体而言，结果支持恢复海草草甸的初步成功。随着全球海草床持续减少，遗传多样性随之丧失，在生态系统服务恢复和遗传多样性增加方面取得成功的恢复技术将指导从业者保护和恢复这些栖息地。

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引用次数: 0

First report of Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson,1867 in the Dominican Republic, an invasive species that continues to expand across the Caribbean 1867年，在多米尼加共和国首次报道了一种持续在加勒比海地区扩张的入侵物种——托叶盐藻（Halophila tolacea, forssk<s:1>）

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103915

Yira Rodríguez-Jerez , Rita Sellares-Blasco , Maria F. Villalpando , Estefany Vargas-Pérez , Andreina Valdez-Trinidad , Someira Zambrano , Yasmin D. Evangelista , Sergio D. Guendulain-García , Aldo Croquer

Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson,1867 is a seagrass species native to the Red Sea and the Persian-Indian Ocean, introduced 150 years ago into the Mediterranean Sea. H. stipulacea was first reported in the Caribbean in 2002; and in less than 15 years, it expanded across small island nations and Venezuela. Expected to continue expanding across its invasive range, monitoring programs aimed at spotting new geographic areas where H. stipulacea has successfully settled are vital. Here, we report for the first time an extensive meadow of H. stipulacea in Punta Salinas, Bani, Peravia Province, Dominican Republic (La Hispaniola). In November 2024, the species was spotted drifting inside Las Calderas Bay, and soon after, detected in a meadow located at the exposed side of Punta Salinas. After taxonomic confirmation, we conducted a survey during December 2024 to check for the presence of H. stipulacea meadows We observed a large H. stipulacea patch (1500 m) established on muddy sediments mixed with Dictyota spp., dead Halimeda spp. and other macroalgae. On average, the alien species covered 67.5 ± 36.7 %, whereas Thalassia testudinum covered < 5 % of the substrate. While the impacts of H. stipulacea in La Hispaniola remain unknown, our results confirm that H. Stipulacea continues to expand, successfully invading coastal habitats across the Caribbean region.

Halophila tolacea (forssk) Ascherson，1867是一种原产于红海和波斯-印度洋的海草物种，150年前被引入地中海。2002年，在加勒比地区首次报道了托马甲；在不到15年的时间里，它扩展到了小岛屿国家和委内瑞拉。预计将继续扩大其入侵范围，旨在发现新地理区域的监测项目是至关重要的。本文首次报道了在多米尼加共和国（La Hispaniola） Peravia省Bani的Punta Salinas大面积的托马草甸。2024年11月，人们发现该物种在拉斯卡尔德拉斯湾内漂流，不久之后，在蓬塔萨利纳斯裸露一侧的草地上发现了该物种。在分类确认后，我们于2024年12月进行了调查，以确定是否存在托马草甸。我们在泥质沉积物上发现了一个大的托马斑块（1500 m），与Dictyota spp、haalimeda spp和其他大型藻类混合在一起。外来种对底物的平均覆盖率为67.5 ± 36.7 %，而海棠对底物的平均覆盖率为<； 5 %。尽管托马甲对伊斯帕尼奥拉岛的影响尚不清楚，但我们的研究结果证实，托马甲继续扩张，成功地入侵了加勒比海地区的沿海栖息地。

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引用次数: 0

An aquatic pteridophyte, Salvinia, from the Subathu Formation (Late Paleocene–Early Eocene) of Himachal Himalaya, India, and its biogeographical implications 印度喜马偕尔-喜马拉雅地区Subathu组（古新世晚期-始新世早期）的水生蕨类植物Salvinia及其生物地理意义

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103916

Ashif Ali , Robert A. Spicer , Tao Su , Sampa Kundu , Mahasin Ali Khan

Salvinia, a free-floating aquatic, rootless fern, has a rich fossil record in Cenozoic sediments of Southeast Asia, Europe, and North-South America. However, none have been reported from the Cenozoic sediments of India, until now. Here, we report the occurrence of vegetative remains (both impressions and compressions), along with trichome bases, resembling both morphologically and anatomically those of the extant genus Salvinia Séguier from the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene of the Subathu Formation in the Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh, northwestern India. These newly discovered fossils are characterized by round, elliptical, or elongate fronds, with small hexagonal or quadrangular areolaes, usually 8–16 tubercles in a row between adjacent lateral veins, and craspedodromous lateral veins lacking marginal loops. Anatomically, epidermal cells are quadrangular or polygonal with diacytic stomata composed of two guard cells and numerous conical, filiform, slightly enlarged, and curved non-glandular trichomes. We describe these Eocene specimens as a new species, namely Salvinia indica A. Ali & M. A. Khan sp. nov. The discovery of this species suggests that the Eocene Subathu Formation represents sediments deposited in mostly calm freshwater bodies such as very low-energy meandering rivers, streams, or wetland ponds.

Salvinia是一种自由漂浮的水生无根蕨类植物，在东南亚、欧洲和南北美洲的新生代沉积物中有丰富的化石记录。然而，到目前为止，还没有来自印度新生代沉积物的报道。在这里，我们报告了在印度西北部喜马偕尔邦曼迪地区的Subathu组的晚古新世-早始新世现存的Salvinia ssamuier属的形态和解剖学上类似的植物遗骸（包括印痕和压缩）以及毛状基底的出现。这些新发现的化石的特点是圆形、椭圆形或细长的叶子，有小的六边形或四边形的乳晕，相邻的侧脉之间通常有8-16个小结节排，以及没有边缘环的蔓生侧脉。解剖上，表皮细胞呈四边形或多角形，有双胞口，由两个保卫细胞和许多圆锥形、丝状、稍大、弯曲的非腺毛状体组成。我们将这些始新世标本描述为一个新种，即Salvinia indica a . Ali &；这一物种的发现表明始新世Subathu组的沉积物主要沉积在平静的淡水水体中，如能量极低的蜿蜒河流、溪流或湿地池塘。

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引用次数: 0

Rhodolith beds in the Eastern Tropical Pacific: Habitat structure and associated biodiversity 东热带太平洋Rhodolith床：生境结构及相关生物多样性

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103914

Celeste A. Diaz-Licona , Nadine Schubert , Vladimir González-Gamboa , Fernando Tuya , Juan Carlos Azofeifa-Solano , Cindy Fernández-García

Rhodolith beds (RBs) are globally distributed marine benthic habitats and recognized biodiversity hotspots of conservation interest. However, considerable regions of the world’s oceans remain unknown in terms of the presence, distribution, structure, and associated biodiversity of such habitats. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), even basic information about these habitats is still extremely scarce. To fill this gap, we characterized the habitat structure and associated biodiversity of four shallow-water RBs at Cocos Island, Costa Rica. Specifically, information regarding rhodolith structural attributes (size, morphology, and CaCO₃ content), as well as habitat characteristics (rhodolith nodule density, biomass and CaCO₃ standing stocks) were collected. Moreover, the diversity and abundance of associated organisms, including macroalgae, invertebrates and fishes, were determined. Our study shows that Cocos Island harbors dense RBs (1100 to >4500 nodules m⁻²) with substantial carbonate stocks (14–22 kg m⁻²), which provide habitats for a wide array of species (158 recorded species). This study adds 58 new records of RB-associated species to previously published records for the island, which increases the total number of species to 316, including 51 species endemic to the ETP and four species categorized as vulnerable by the IUCN. Our results also indicate that community composition and abundance of organisms vary among RBs, likely due to differences in rhodolith morphologies and sizes and/or local environmental conditions. Further research efforts are warranted to identify the drivers for these differences, as well as expanding studies towards other RBs at Cocos Island and in the ETP in general.

Rhodolith beds （RBs）是全球分布的海洋底栖生物栖息地，也是公认的生物多样性保护热点。然而，就这种栖息地的存在、分布、结构和相关的生物多样性而言，世界海洋的相当大区域仍然是未知的。在东热带太平洋（ETP），即使是关于这些栖息地的基本信息仍然非常稀缺。为了填补这一空白，我们对哥斯达黎加Cocos岛4种浅水RBs的栖息地结构和相关生物多样性进行了表征。具体而言，收集了有关rhodolith结构属性（大小，形态和CaCO3含量）以及栖息地特征（rhodolith结节密度，生物量和CaCO3常绿储量）的信息。此外，还确定了相关生物的多样性和丰度，包括大型藻类，无脊椎动物和鱼类。我们的研究表明，Cocos岛拥有密集的RBs（1100至>；4500结核m−2）和大量的碳酸盐储量（14-22 kg m−2），为各种物种（158种记录物种）提供了栖息地。本次研究为该岛屿新增了58个与rb相关的物种记录，使物种总数增加到316个，其中包括51个ETP特有物种和4个被IUCN列为易危物种。我们的研究结果还表明，由于rhodolith的形态和大小以及/或当地环境条件的差异，不同的RBs之间的群落组成和丰度存在差异。进一步的研究工作需要确定这些差异的驱动因素，并将研究扩展到Cocos岛和ETP的其他苏格兰皇家银行。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of desiccation time on performance of a cultured (Neopyropia yezonensis) and fouling alga (Ulva prolifera) 干燥时间对培养藻（Neopyropia yezonensis）和污染藻（Ulva prolifera）性能的影响

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103912

Yifei Shen , Ruyan He , Yuqing Sun , Shuang Li , Yinqing Zeng , Peimin He , Jianheng Zhang

Neopyropia yezoensis, a kind of red alga (Rhodophyta) that is a source of nori, is a highly valuable macroalga widely cultivated in coastal regions of East Asia. However, in recent years, Neopyropia cultivation areas have been frequently disturbed by green tide algae, particularly Ulva prolifera. To address this issue, we conducted a seven-day experiment subjecting both N. yezoensis and raft-attached U. prolifera to desiccation treatment twice daily, with exposure times ranging from 0 to 6 hours per treatment. The physiological responses were evaluated through microscopic structure analysis, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), biomass measurements, and pigment content determination. Results showed that increasing desiccation time significantly affected the physiological status of U. prolifera. With prolonged desiccation time, both U. prolifera and N. yezoensis exhibited decreased Fv/Fm values, reduced biomass growth rate, and significant changes in pigment content. Desiccation periods of 5–6 hours reduced the photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in U. prolifera. Although a single desiccation treatment temporarily inhibited the physiological status of N. yezoensis, after undergoing desiccation–rehydration cycles, the alga not only recovered its physiological function but also exhibited higher Fv/Fm values than the continuously submerged control group. However, for treatments with desiccation times exceeding 5 hours, productivity was somewhat affected, with the growth rate being approximately 24 % lower than that of the continuously submerged group. This indicates that desiccation-rehydration cycles promote the physiological status and biomass of N. yezoensis, demonstrating its superior adaptation to desiccation conditions. This study identified 5 hours as the optimal desiccation duration for N. yezoensis cultivation. Under these conditions, N. yezoensis maintained high growth rates and favorable physiological status while effectively inhibiting U. prolifera growth, providing a viable method for controlling U. prolifera in cultivation areas.

紫红藻（Neopyropia yezoensis）是一种红藻（Rhodophyta），是海苔的来源，是东亚沿海地区广泛种植的一种极具价值的大型藻类。然而，近年来，绿潮藻，特别是增生Ulva藻，频繁干扰了新水藻养殖区。为了解决这一问题，我们进行了为期7天的实验，将叶绿梭菌和附着在木筏上的增殖梭菌每天进行两次干燥处理，每次处理的暴露时间从0到6 小时不等。通过微观结构分析、光系统II最大量子产率（Fv/Fm）、生物量测量和色素含量测定来评估生理反应。结果表明，增加干燥时间对增菌菇的生理状态有显著影响。随着干燥时间的延长，浒苔和叶藻的Fv/Fm值降低，生物量生长率降低，色素含量变化显著。5 ~ 6 小时的干旱期降低了藻光系统II （PSII）的光合效率。虽然单次脱水处理暂时抑制了叶藻的生理状态，但经过脱水-复水化循环后，叶藻不仅恢复了生理功能，而且Fv/Fm值也高于连续浸泡的对照组。然而，当脱水时间超过5 小时时，生产力受到一定影响，其生长速度比连续浸泡组低约24 %。这表明，干燥-复水循环促进了叶藻的生理状态和生物量，显示了叶藻对干燥条件的优越适应性。本研究确定了5 小时为叶藻培养的最佳干燥时间。在此条件下，叶绿梭菌保持了较高的生长速率和良好的生理状态，同时有效抑制了增毒乌菌的生长，为防治增毒乌菌提供了可行的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Seagrass fossils from the lower Miocene Morozaki Group in Aichi Prefecture, central Japan 日本中部爱知县中新世下Morozaki群的海草化石

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103913

Toshihiro Yamada

Two new seagrass fossils are reported from the upper lower Miocene Morozaki Group (18.0–17.6 Ma) of central Japan: Thalassites morozakiensis T. Yamada, sp. nov., and Maresurculus aichiensis T. Yamada, gen. et sp. nov. The former bears strap-shaped, eligulate leaves enclosed within a fibrous sheath, suggesting an affinity with the extant subfamily Hydrilloideae (Hydrocharitaceae). The latter is characterized by ligulate leaves shed without leaving a sheath on the stem, indicating a relationship to extant genera of Cymodoceaceae, such as Amphibolis and Thalassodendron. These fossils represent the first reliable records of seagrasses from the early Miocene, consistent with divergence-time estimates for marine Hydrilloideae and Cymodoceaceae based on molecular clocks. Additionally, they imply that seagrasses extended their range to higher latitudes than today during the late early Miocene, a period marked by global warming.

在日本中部中新统Morozaki群（18.0-17.6 Ma）中发现了两个新的海草化石：Thalassites morozakiensis T. Yamada, sp. nov.和Maresurculus aichiensis T. Yamada, gen. et sp. 11 .。后者的叶呈带状，叶状，包裹在纤维鞘中，与现存的水螅亚科（Hydrocharitaceae）有亲缘关系。后者的特征是舌状叶脱落，茎上不留下叶鞘，表明与现存的cymodocaceae属，如Amphibolis和Thalassodendron有关系。这些化石代表了中新世早期海草的第一个可靠记录，与基于分子钟的海洋水螅科和Cymodoceaceae的分化时间估计一致。此外，它们还表明，在中新世早期晚期，海草将其活动范围扩展到了比今天更高的纬度，这是一个以全球变暖为标志的时期。

引用次数: 0

Demographic and morphological responses of intertidal eelgrass (Zostera marina) transplanted across sediment conditions 潮间带大叶藻（Zostera marina）跨泥沙条件移植的人口统计学和形态学响应

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103904

Jennifer L. Ruesink , Fiona C. Boardman , Bryan A. Briones Ortiz , Christopher R. Jendrey , Kerry Ann Naish

Eelgrass (Zostera marina) shows substantial spatiotemporal variation in morphological and demographic traits that can arise from phenotypic plasticity. These traits commonly shift across light and depth gradients, as well as seasonally, but less consistency has been demonstrated across sediment conditions. We conducted two field transplant experiments in which seedlings or overwintering shoots of Z. marina were moved among sand and muddy-sand sites within a bay (Willapa Bay, Washington, USA). Shoots were regularly re-marked and measured for size, asexual, and sexual reproduction for 1–1.5 year, and upon collection, for rhizome extension and root investment. Seedlings, which were sourced from one site, had poor survival in muddy-sand, but smaller size and more branching with less flowering in sand. Shape also exhibited phenotypic plasticity, with relatively wide leaves and longer rhizome internodes at the sandier site. Overwintering shoots, which were transplanted among four sites in a fully reciprocal design, had lower survival and size after 6 months at sand compared to muddy-sand sites, but with greater root investment at collection. Shoots from one muddy-sand site, regardless of outplant site, maintained relatively short internodes over 1.5 years. Overall, shoots tended to remodel in summer as a function of sediment type, while internode extension was phenotypically plastic in both experiments, as well as fixed by source. Because sediment correlated with water movement, eelgrass traits expressed in sand could reduce drag (smaller above-ground size) and provide anchorage (root investment). Shorter internodes at muddy-sand outplant sites and from one muddy-sand source site could influence space-filling and foraging strategies. Across experiments, poor survival of seedlings relative to vegetative shoots in muddy-sand may reflect low-oxygen conditions that are challenging for early life stages of eelgrass to overcome. The substantial trait variation in transplants across sediment type could be a response to below-ground chemistry and above-ground hydrodynamics, but these drivers were not distinguishable with the study design.

大叶藻（Zostera marina）在形态和人口统计学特征上表现出明显的时空差异，这可能是由表型可塑性引起的。这些特征通常在光线和深度梯度以及季节变化中发生变化，但在沉积物条件下的一致性较少。在美国华盛顿州威拉帕湾（Willapa bay， USA）的沙地和泥沙场地中，我们进行了两次野外移栽试验，将Z. marina的幼苗或越冬芽移栽。在1-1.5年期间，定期重新标记和测量芽的大小、无性生殖和有性生殖，并在收集后进行根茎延伸和根投资。来自同一地点的幼苗在泥沙中成活率较差，但在沙中体积小，分枝多，开花少。形状也表现出表型可塑性，在砂质部位叶片相对较宽，根茎节间较长。在完全对等设计下，4个地点间移栽的越冬苗6个月后在沙地上的成活率和大小均低于泥沙地点，但在收集时根系投入较大。不论外植地在何处，同一泥沙地点的芽在1.5年以上保持相对较短的节间。总体而言，由于泥沙类型的关系，芽在夏季有重塑的趋势，而节间伸展在两个试验中都是表型塑性的，并且是由源固定的。由于泥沙与水的运动相关，大叶藻在沙子中表达的特性可以减少阻力（较小的地上尺寸）并提供锚点（根系投资）。泥质砂外植地和同一泥质砂源地的节间较短会影响空间填充和觅食策略。在实验中，与营养芽相比，泥沙中幼苗的存活率较低，这可能反映了低氧条件，这对鳗草的早期生命阶段来说是一个挑战。在不同泥沙类型的移植物中，大量的性状变化可能是对地下化学和地上流体动力学的响应，但这些驱动因素在研究设计中无法区分。

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