Aquatic Botany最新文献_第5页

Comparative studies of invasive Elodea canadensis Michx. in two climatically different regions 侵袭性加拿大弧菌的比较研究。在两个气候不同的地区

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103944

Mariana Prokopuk , Lesya Zub , Maksym Netsvetov , Silvia Martins , Elizabete Marchante

Elodea canadensis is a widespread invasive alien aquatic species in Europe. However, there is growing evidence that increasing anthropogenic eutrophication and other factors are leading to a decline in the populations of this species. We compared the structure of plant communities and the phenotypic plasticity of E. canadensis individuals across communities in Ukraine and Portugal to assess whether the species responds similarly to environmental variation, and to identify differences in its distribution, community role, and the environmental factors influencing the formation of morphological traits of the species and biomass. In both countries, E. canadensis preferentially occurs in oligo-mesotrophic and meso-eutrophic waters, forming similar communities, but in Ukraine the communities in lentic water bodies were floristically more diverse. Populations with high biomass of E. canadensis in Ukraine were formed in lentic water bodies with good water exchange, as well as in lotic ecosystems of both Ukraine and Portugal. Environmental clustering revealed a distinct ecological separation among water bodies, with the strongest contrast observed between lower-nutrient, higher-elevation Ukrainian lakes and nutrient-rich, lowland mixed lotic systems in both countries. The morphological traits of E. canadensis differed significantly between these clusters, particularly shoot length and leaf width, highlighting phenotypic responses to environmental gradients. We assume that anthropogenic eutrophication affects E. сanadensis communities, and may lead to their decline or disappearance as trophic levels rise in both countries. Understanding these patterns is important for forecasting invasion dynamics under eutrophication and climate change, and for refining management strategies in freshwater ecosystems.

加拿大叶藻是一种在欧洲广泛存在的外来入侵水生物种。然而，越来越多的证据表明，不断增加的人为富营养化和其他因素正在导致该物种的种群数量下降。我们比较了乌克兰和葡萄牙不同群落的加拿大叶蝉的群落结构和表型可塑性，以评估该物种对环境变化的响应是否相似，并确定其分布、群落作用以及影响物种形态特征和生物量形成的环境因素的差异。在这两个国家，加拿大e.c anadensis优先出现在低中营养化和中富营养化水域，形成相似的群落，但在乌克兰，原生水体中的群落在区系上更为多样化。在乌克兰，在水体交换良好的水体中，以及乌克兰和葡萄牙的生态系统中，都能形成高生物量的加拿大沼虾种群。环境聚类揭示了水体之间明显的生态分离，在两国的低营养、高海拔的乌克兰湖泊和营养丰富的低地混合湖泊系统之间观察到最强烈的对比。在不同的植物群中，加拿大叶参的形态特征存在显著差异，尤其是茎长和叶宽，这突出了表型对环境梯度的响应。我们认为，人为的富营养化影响了沙蛙群落，并可能导致它们随着两国营养水平的上升而下降或消失。了解这些模式对于预测富营养化和气候变化下的入侵动态以及改进淡水生态系统的管理策略具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Fine-scale patterns and drivers of ploidy state in lentic and lotic macrophyte assemblages across the world 世界各地大型植物组合中倍性状态的精细尺度模式和驱动因素

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103943

Tatiana Lobato-de Magalhães , Kevin Murphy , Thomas A. Davidson , Jorge García-Girón , Andrey Efremov , Victor Chepinoga , Eugenio Molina-Navarro , Celeste Franceschini , Roger P. Mormul , Hui Fu , Rossano Bolpagni , Juri Nascimbene , Luz Manzo , Luis B. Epele , Julissa Tapia-Grimaldo , Berenice Schneider , Gisela Mayora , Pema Tendar , David Cooper , Sahar A.A. Malik Al-Saadi , Janne Alahuhta

To investigate whether patterns of ploidy state variation known to occur in macrophytes at broad global scales can be detected at finer site scale, we examined macrophyte assemblages present in 1239 individual inland lentic and lotic waterbodies sampled from 2000 onwards. The sites include lakes and reservoirs, rivers and streams, slow-flowing or static water bodies associated with rivers (such as oxbows), man-made channels, and temporary or ephemeral lentic waterbodies in 22 countries worldwide. The latitude range for these sites was 10.58–68.40° N and from 0.01 to 54.88° S, covering climatic conditions ranging from tropical to temperate/Arctic. We examined the influence of geospatial variables, current or historic climate variables, and additional local water physical and chemical variables measured for each site, as potential predictors of the incidence of ploidy state (diploidy, polyploidy, and mixed-cytotype) in the macrophyte species assemblage. At fine scales (individual sites), we observed the same latitudinal and climatic patterns influencing all macrophyte ploidy states, especially diploid species, compared to findings at a broad spatial resolution of 10° × 10° latitude-longitude. Ploidy state of macrophyte assemblages slightly, but significantly, differs between lentic and lotic environments. Along with geospatial and climate variables, local physical and chemical variables also helped predict the occurrence of polyploid and mixed-ploidy species. Our results support previous findings on ploidy state distribution and drivers at broader scales but also unravel new information on key drivers for the distribution of polyploid and mixed-ploidy species, relevant to understanding macrophyte adaptation mechanisms and evolutionary processes worldwide.

为了研究在全球范围内已知的大型植物倍性状态变异模式是否可以在更精细的地点尺度上检测到，我们研究了2000年以来采样的1239个内陆湖泊和湖泊水体中存在的大型植物组合。这些遗产地包括遍布全球22个国家的湖泊和水库、河流和溪流、与河流相关的缓慢流动或静态水体（如牛轭）、人工河道以及临时或短暂的静态水体。这些站点的纬度范围为北纬10.58 ~ 68.40°和南纬0.01 ~ 54.88°，气候条件从热带到温带/北极。我们研究了地理空间变量、当前或历史气候变量以及在每个站点测量的额外的当地水物理和化学变量的影响，作为大型植物物种组合中倍性状态（二倍体、多倍体和混合细胞型）发生率的潜在预测因子。与10°× 10°纬度-经度的宽空间分辨率相比，我们观察到相同的纬度和气候模式影响所有大型植物的倍性状态，特别是二倍体物种。大型植物组合的倍性状态在原生环境和原生环境之间有轻微但显著的差异。除了地理空间和气候变量外，当地的物理和化学变量也有助于预测多倍体和混合倍体物种的发生。我们的研究结果支持了先前在更大范围内关于倍性状态分布和驱动因素的发现，同时也揭示了多倍体和混合倍体物种分布的关键驱动因素的新信息，这与理解全球范围内的大型植物适应机制和进化过程有关。

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引用次数: 0

Application of ABA and kinetin on the aquatic carnivorous plant Aldrovanda vesiculosa affects the morphology and phytohormone profiles in shoot apices ABA和动素对水生食肉植物水仙花茎尖形态和植物激素分布的影响

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103942

Lubomír Adamec , Lenka Plačková , Dardan Klos , Karel Doležal

Aldrovanda vesiculosa is a rootless aquatic carnivorous plant forming turions (winter buds) as specific overwintering organs containing high abscisic acid (ABA) content. The high ABA content has the key role in regulating turion formation and maintaining turion dormancy. Here, we compared hormonal profiles (cytokinins, auxins, ABA) in shoot apices in A. vesiculosa grown in mini aquaria in a greenhouse at the end of the summer season after a 2-day priming with ABA (2 µM) and ABA together with an artificial cytokinin kinetin (KIN, 20 µM), to find out their effects and interactions on turion formation and morphology. During the next 11 days (without added hormones), the ABA application gently boosted the turion development but the rapid apical shoot growth was not influenced. The shoot apices were narrower and more condensed. The ABA+KIN application almost ceased the apical growth and retarded the turion development. Shoot apices were robust and wide. Turion development may thus interfere with apical shoot growth. The application of ABA alone did not significantly change the contents of cytokinins, auxins or ABA in shoot apices, but +ABA+KIN significantly decreased the total and active endogenous cytokinins and increased the ABA content threefold compared to the control. Thus, both added hormones affected the developing turions in a similar way which is known and expected in dormant organs of terrestrial plants. These results suggest that the coordination between ABA and cytokinins might be crucial for hormonal regulation of the onset of turion dormancy and turion development in aquatic plants.

水草是一种无根的水生食肉植物，其特有的越冬器官为冬芽，具有较高的ABA含量。高ABA含量在调节鱼鳞形成和维持鱼鳞休眠中起着关键作用。在此，我们比较了夏末在温室迷你水族箱中生长的水仙花茎尖的激素（细胞分裂素、生长素、ABA），并在ABA（2 µM）和ABA与人工细胞分裂素（KIN, 20 µM）的作用下，研究了它们对水仙花形成和形态的影响和相互作用。在随后的11 d内（未添加激素），外源ABA的施用对斑马鱼的生长有轻微的促进作用，但对斑马鱼根尖的快速生长没有影响。茎尖更窄，更紧凑。ABA+KIN的施用几乎使其顶端生长停止，扭转发育迟缓。茎尖粗壮而宽。因此，Turion的发育可能会干扰顶芽的生长。单独施用ABA对茎尖细胞分裂素、生长素和ABA含量没有显著影响，但与对照相比，+ABA+KIN显著降低了总内源细胞分裂素和活性细胞分裂素，使ABA含量增加了3倍。因此，这两种添加的激素以类似的方式影响发育中的旋转体，这在陆地植物的休眠器官中是已知和预期的。这些结果表明，ABA和细胞分裂素之间的协同作用可能是水生植物中激素调控鱼鞘休眠和发育的关键。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic data facilitate research into a widespread and invasive cattail (Typha × glauca) hybrid zone in North America 遗传数据促进了对北美广泛存在的入侵香蒲（Typha × glauca）杂交带的研究

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103941

Joanna Freeland, Marcel Dorken

Genetic data can provide insights into the evolutionary ecology of hybrid zones and may be particularly important for investigating widespread and cryptic hybrids. In North America an expansive hybrid zone comprises the cattails Typha latifolia, T. angustifolia, and their hybrid T. × glauca. This hybrid is a problematic wetland invader that alters ecosystem functioning and reduces biodiversity. It is fertile and produces both backcrossed and advanced-generation hybrids, leading to morphological overlaps with parent species; therefore, genetic data are necessary for understanding the dynamics of this hybrid zone. In this review we summarize some of the ways in which genetic data have helped us to understand this hybrid zone, including the distributions of parent species and hybrids; symmetrical and asymmetrical hybrid crosses; the prevalence of different hybrid classes; hybrid fitness and hybrid breakdown; and gene flow and genetic diversity. We end by identifying some knowledge gaps and future research directions that can help us to further understand what may be the most widespread hybrid macrophyte in North America.

遗传数据可以为杂交带的进化生态学提供见解，对于研究广泛和隐蔽的杂交可能特别重要。在北美，一个广阔的杂交区包括香蒲Typha latifolia， T. angustifolia和它们的杂交T. x glauca。这种杂交物种是一种有问题的湿地入侵者，它改变了生态系统功能，减少了生物多样性。它是可育的，产生回交和高级杂交，导致与亲本物种形态重叠；因此，遗传数据对于了解杂交带的动态是必要的。在本文中，我们总结了遗传数据帮助我们了解这一杂交带的一些方法，包括亲本种和杂交种的分布；对称和不对称杂交；不同杂交类的流行；杂交适应度与杂交分解；基因流动和基因多样性。最后，我们确定了一些知识空白和未来的研究方向，可以帮助我们进一步了解什么可能是北美最广泛的杂交大型植物。

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引用次数: 0

Differential responses of Bolboschoenus planiculmis and Phragmites australis to hydroperiod and nitrogen supply 扁豆和芦苇对水周期和氮供应的差异响应

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103930

Meiying Wang, Ming Jiang, Bo Liu, Wenguang Zhang, Yuanchun Zou

Bolboschoenus planiculmis and Phragmites australis are two wetland plants found in Momoge National Nature Reserve (MNNR) in northeastern China. Recently, the water depth in this region has substantially increased during peak plant growth phases due to return flow from nearby paddy fields. The total nitrogen (TN) concentration of the water in the wetland’s inlet is 1.153 ± 0.112 mg/L. During this study, artificial ponds were used to simulate these natural changes. Experiments were then conducted to examine the response of growth, the ramet number, the biomass accumulation, and the allocation of the two aforementioned species in different hydroperiods (a static water depth and an increasing water depth) and soil nitrogen conditions (0.5, 1.1, and 1.7 mg g⁻¹ TN). We found that P. australis demonstrated a significantly higher biomass accumulation, plant height, and ramet number under the greater water depth compared to the 30 cm static water depth. In contrast, B. planiculmis’ values were substantially lower under the increasing water depth than those under the 10 cm static water depth. P. australis exhibited an initial increase followed by a decline in response to nitrogen addition, independent of hydroperiod conditions. Conversely, under static water conditions, B. planiculmis’ total biomass and aboveground biomass increased significantly with the addition of nitrogen. This indicates that the interaction between the nitrogen supply and the hydroperiod of wetland plants is species-specific and dependent on nitrogen availability. Although an increased nitrogen supply resulted in higher belowground biomass, plant height, and ramet and tuber numbers for B. planiculmis under the increasing water depth, these values were still significantly lower than those under the static water conditions. This indicates that nitrogen enrichment did not counteract the negative effects of the increasing water depth on B. planiculmis’ growth. The findings of this experiment will help predict the vegetation dynamics of MNNR wetlands under future habitat changes driven by the return flow from paddy fields.

扁桃草（Bolboschoenus planiculmis）和芦苇（Phragmites australis）是在中国东北莫莫格国家级自然保护区发现的两种湿地植物。近年来，由于附近水田的回流，该地区的水深在植物生长高峰期大幅增加。湿地进水总氮（TN）浓度为1.153 ± 0.112 mg/L。在本研究中，采用人工池塘模拟这些自然变化。在不同的水期（静水深和增加水深）和土壤氮（0.5、1.1和1.7 mg g⁻¹TN）条件下，对上述两种植物的生长、株数、生物量积累和分配的响应进行了研究。结果表明，与30 cm静水深相比，在较大水深下，南菖蒲的生物量积累、株高和分株数均显著增加。相比之下，增加水深下的平棘球蚴值明显低于10 cm静水深下的平棘球蚴值。对氮添加的响应表现出先增加后下降的趋势，与水期条件无关。相反，在静态水分条件下，随着氮素的添加，平梭鲈的总生物量和地上生物量显著增加。这表明湿地植物的氮供应与水期之间的相互作用具有物种特异性，并依赖于氮的有效性。增加氮素供给量后，随着水深的增加，平顶扁柏的地下生物量、株高、分株和块茎数量均显著增加，但仍显著低于静水条件下。这说明富氮并不能抵消水深增加对平棘双歧杆菌生长的负面影响。本研究结果将有助于预测未来水田回流驱动下MNNR湿地的植被动态变化。

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引用次数: 0

Morphological and physiological traits of two closely related charophyte species: Chara virgata Kütz. and C. globularis Thuill. 两种近缘Chara virgata k<s:1> tz的形态和生理特征。和C. globularis thill。

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103929

Alena-Maria Maidel, Hendrik Schubert

Charophytes (Charophyceae) are submerged macrophytes that play an important ecological role. They provide food and shelter and consequently are often used as bioindicators for water quality. However, species identification remains challenging due to purported broad morphological plasticity. This study investigates the morphological, physiological, and pigment-based acclimation behaviour of Chara virgata Kütz. and Chara globularis Thuill. under controlled light and temperature conditions in order to clarify which traits can be used for species identification. Chara virgata exhibited relatively stable morphological traits across all conditions, with photosynthetic responses primarily driven by light availability. Depending on the prevailing light and temperature conditions, C. virgata exhibited no discernible pattern of elongation in the upper row of stipulodes. In contrast, C. globularis displayed significant morphological plasticity, elongating internodes under low-light and at higher temperatures, with pigment composition adjusting in response to temperature conditions. Moreover, the length of the upper row of stipulodes remained constant within the experimental conditions. These differences align with their respective habitat preferences. Chara virgata predominantly occurs in shallow water with large fluctuations of temperature and irradiance whereas C. globularis prefers greater depths with more stable temperature conditions. The study further demonstrates that vegetative parameters, such as stipulode length, can vary with environmental conditions, limiting their reliability for species identification. These results emphasise the need to integrate physiological traits for a robust classification of charophyte species, and reinforce the idea of including reproductive traits in the determination keys to clearly identify these two species.

Charophytes （Charophyceae）是一种水下大型植物，具有重要的生态作用。它们提供食物和住所，因此经常被用作水质的生物指标。然而，由于广泛的形态可塑性，物种鉴定仍然具有挑战性。本研究探讨了紫叶查拉（Chara virgata k tz）的形态、生理和色素驯化行为。和球状星Chara thill。在受控的光照和温度条件下，以阐明哪些性状可用于物种鉴定。在所有条件下，柽柳都表现出相对稳定的形态特征，光合反应主要受光效的驱动。在不同的光照和温度条件下，柽柳茎柄上排没有明显的伸长规律。相比之下，C. globullaris在低光照和高温条件下表现出显著的形态可塑性，节间延长，色素成分随温度变化而调整。此外，在实验条件下，茎柄上排的长度保持不变。这些差异与它们各自的栖息地偏好有关。virgata主要发生在温度和辐照度波动较大的浅水中，而C. globularis则喜欢温度条件稳定的更深的水域。该研究进一步表明，茎叶长度等营养参数会随着环境条件的变化而变化，从而限制了它们在物种鉴定中的可靠性。这些结果强调了整合生理性状对叶藻物种分类的必要性，并加强了将生殖性状纳入确定关键的想法，以清楚地识别这两个物种。

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引用次数: 0

Using molecular phylogenetic analyses to assess the timing and biogeography of aquatic plant origins 利用分子系统发育分析评估水生植物起源的时间和生物地理

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103928

Nicholas P. Tippery

Aquatic plants are diverse and widespread, representing one of the most profound examples of convergent evolution. Although they are fairly well understood as lineages in isolation, there have been few comprehensive syntheses of all aquatic plant species worldwide. The opportunity for a broad study of aquatic plant evolution has been enabled by the accumulation of abundant molecular, morphological, and biogeographical data in recent years, as well as associated analysis methods. The current study utilizes available data to evaluate angiosperm phylogenetic relationships, focusing on lineages with one or more aquatic species, and to reconstruct the ancestral timing and biogeography of lineages that became aquatic. It was estimated that there were 604 independent origins of the aquatic habit, resulting in 3427 extant aquatic species. The frequency of aquatic origins apparently increased over several time periods, relative to the diversification rate of terrestrial angiosperms. Aquatic plant species most commonly exhibit the hyperhydrate (emergent) growth form, which characterizes the majority of extant species and likely represents a common ancestral habit for most aquatic lineages. Potential limitations of the current study are discussed, including data quality, ancestral biogeography and dating methods, and the uncertainty associated with defining aquatic plants. This study should serve as a foundation for future research into aquatic plant evolution and the development of a phylogenetically informed growth form classification for aquatic plants.

水生植物种类繁多，分布广泛，是趋同进化最深刻的例子之一。虽然它们作为分离的谱系被很好地理解，但在世界范围内对所有水生植物物种的综合合成很少。近年来，丰富的分子、形态和生物地理数据的积累，以及相关的分析方法，为水生植物进化的广泛研究提供了机会。目前的研究利用现有的数据来评估被子植物的系统发育关系，重点关注一个或多个水生物种的谱系，并重建成为水生谱系的祖先时间和生物地理。据估计，有604个独立的水生习性起源，产生了3427个现存的水生物种。相对于陆生被子植物的多样化率，水生起源的频率在几个时期内明显增加。水生植物物种最常见的表现为超水（突生）生长形式，这是大多数现存物种的特征，可能代表了大多数水生谱系的共同祖先习惯。讨论了当前研究的潜在局限性，包括数据质量，祖先生物地理学和年代测定方法，以及与水生植物定义相关的不确定性。本研究为今后水生植物的进化研究和水生植物生长形态分类奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Sargassum hatchery-based cultivation and mariculture techniques in the Philippines: Practices, challenges, and future prospects 菲律宾马尾藻孵化场养殖和海水养殖技术：实践、挑战和未来前景

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103925

Maria Lyn M. Magcanta-Mortos , Albaris B. Tahiluddin , John Marlan R. Mortos , Nonillon M. Aspe , Jesrelljane Aaron-Amper , Venus E. Leopardas , Wilfredo H. Uy

Sargassum species are ecologically and economically significant marine macroalgae with potential applications in food, pharmaceuticals, biofuel production, and coastal habitat restoration. While Sargassum hatchery and mariculture techniques are well-documented in China and South Korea, research specific to the Philippines remains limited. This review examines the distribution, seasonality, and cultivation practices of Sargassum in the Philippines, emphasizing the biological and socio-economic factors affecting its successful farming. Unlike temperate regions where growth is highly seasonal, Philippine Sargassum populations exhibit year-round growth with peak biomass during cooler months (November-February). Challenges such as substrate instability, biofouling, and predation hinder large-scale out-planting, while socio-economic barriers include a lack of policy support, infrastructure, and fluctuating market demand. Existing hatchery-based techniques, such as zygote liberation and vegetative fragmentation, show promise but require optimization to enhance survival and productivity. Future research should focus on refining grow-out conditions, improving out-planting success, and developing sustainable farming models suited to Philippine coastal environments. With targeted investments in research, policy, and industry collaboration, Sargassum mariculture in the Philippines has the potential to support economic development while promoting marine conservation.

马尾藻是一种具有重要生态和经济意义的海洋大型藻类，在食品、制药、生物燃料生产和沿海栖息地恢复方面具有潜在的应用前景。虽然马尾藻孵化场和海水养殖技术在中国和韩国有充分的记录，但针对菲律宾的研究仍然有限。本文综述了马尾藻在菲律宾的分布、季节性和栽培方法，强调了影响其成功养殖的生物和社会经济因素。与温带地区的生长高度季节性不同，菲律宾马尾藻种群在较冷的月份（11月至2月）表现出全年的增长，生物量达到峰值。诸如基质不稳定、生物污染和捕食等挑战阻碍了大规模外植，而社会经济障碍包括缺乏政策支持、基础设施和波动的市场需求。现有的基于孵化场的技术，如受精卵分离和营养碎片化，显示出希望，但需要优化以提高存活率和生产力。未来的研究应侧重于改善外植条件，提高外植成功率，并开发适合菲律宾沿海环境的可持续农业模式。通过在研究、政策和行业合作方面的有针对性的投资，菲律宾的马尾藻海水养殖有潜力在促进海洋保护的同时支持经济发展。

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引用次数: 0

Plant characteristics of the non-native seagrass Halophila stipulacea in recently colonized beds of Puerto Rico 波多黎各新殖民床中非本地海草的植物特征

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103926

Alexi Ebersole , James E. Kaldy , Cayla Sullivan , Angel Dieppa , Ivelisse Cappielo Cosme , Marco Orizondo Lugo

The seagrass Halophila stipulacea is native to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, and since entering the Caribbean in 2002 has spread rapidly throughout the eastern islands including Puerto Rico, and as far as Venezuela and Florida, USA. Despite the research attention to potential ecosystem disruption from H. stipulacea there is little data on the morphology and plant characteristics (e.g. biomass and density) of these new populations. In 2022 we surveyed shallow seagrass communities at 10 sites in 3 bays and characterized plant traits. H. stipulacea was present at 50 % of the sites. We measured leaf morphology on individual shoots, and collected samples for biomass, density, and leaf C:N:P. Density estimates ranged from 3000 to over 11,000 shoots m⁻² and biomass varied from 65 and 266 gdw m⁻². Mean leaf C:N:P varied between 393:18:1 and 772:27:1 with no strong indications of nutrient limitation. Leaf lengths ranged between 3.7 and 5.4 cm, width varied between 6.7 and 8 mm, with resulting leaf areas ranging between 2 and 3.5 cm². H. stipulacea leaf area index ranged between 0.6 and 3.9 m² leaf m² sediment, with higher LAI values represent a mechanism of self-shading in shallow, clear waters. The range expansion and H. stipulacea beds observed in this study provide supporting evidence that the Caribbean seagrass landscape is changing. Establishing long-term seagrass mapping and monitoring programs would help to assess the impact of this changing seagrass landscape.

托马海草原产于红海和印度洋，自2002年进入加勒比海以来，已迅速蔓延到包括波多黎各在内的东部岛屿，并远至委内瑞拉和美国佛罗里达州。尽管研究关注于对生态系统的潜在破坏，但关于这些新种群的形态和植物特征（如生物量和密度）的数据很少。2022年，我们在3个海湾的10个地点对浅层海草群落进行了调查，并对植物性状进行了表征。在50% %的位点上发现了托叶菊。我们测量了单个芽的叶片形态，并收集了生物量、密度和叶片C:N:P的样本。密度估计范围从3000到超过11,000芽m - 2，生物量变化范围从65到266 gdw m - 2。平均叶片C:N:P在393:18:1和772:27:1之间变化，没有明显的营养限制迹象。叶长为3.7 ~ 5.4 cm，叶宽为6.7 ~ 8 mm，叶面积为2 ~ 3.5 cm2。叶面积指数在0.6 ~ 3.9 - m2叶- m2泥沙之间，LAI值越高，代表了在浅水、清澈水域的自遮阳机制。本研究观察到的范围扩大和托马床为加勒比海草景观正在发生变化提供了支持证据。建立长期的海草测绘和监测计划将有助于评估这种变化的海草景观的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Growth patterns of three Hydrilla verticillata biotypes in the United States 美国三种水螅生物型的生长模式

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103924

Jens P. Beets , Kara J. Foley , Benjamin P. Sperry , Andrew W. Howell , Robert J. Richardson

Hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f. Royle)] is an invasive submersed plant first documented in the United States (US) in the 1950s. Until recently, only two distinct strains of hydrilla, hereafter referred to as biotypes, were recorded in the US with both belonging to the same clade and characterized as either ‘monoecious’ or ‘dioecious’. In 2016, a third genetically distinct biotype (‘clade C’) was identified in the lower Connecticut River, Connecticut. Trials were conducted at two geographically unique locations within North Carolina to compare growth and reproduction of hydrilla biotypes by climatic conditions. Nominal differences were observed in peak aboveground biomass, relative growth rate, or occurrence of these metrics among the three hydrilla biotypes, although the predicted peak biomass for dioecious hydrilla did not occur during the study period. Monoecious hydrilla exhibited lower peak belowground biomass than dioecious and clade C hydrilla despite its abundant subterranean turion production. Monoecious hydrilla exhibited 1.8X greater aboveground biomass 180 days after planting (Julian day 304) than clade C hydrilla. Clade C hydrilla produced 74 axillary turions per plant on Julian day 304, which equates to a 2.3X increase over monoecious hydrilla and 61.5X increase over dioecious hydrilla. Conversely, subterranean turion production was 4.7 and 7.1X higher in monoecious hydrilla and dioecious hydrilla than clade C hydrilla, respectively. These studies suggest the clade C hydrilla displays many phenological similarities to the other two biotypes in the US, but its prodigious axillary turion production poses concerning implications for potential to spread and persistence following management.

水螅[Hydrilla verticillata (l.f. Royle)]是一种入侵的水下植物，于20世纪50年代在美国首次记录。直到最近，在美国只记录了两种不同的水螅菌株，以下称为生物型，它们属于同一进化支，并被描述为“雌雄同株”或“雌雄异株”。2016年，在康涅狄格州的康涅狄格河下游发现了第三种遗传上独特的生物型（“进化枝C”）。试验在北卡罗来纳州的两个地理位置独特的地方进行，以比较气候条件下水螅生物型的生长和繁殖。尽管在研究期间雌雄异株水螅的生物量峰值没有出现，但在地上生物量峰值、相对生长率或这些指标的出现情况上，三种水螅生物型均存在名义差异。雌雄同株水螅的地下生物量峰值低于雌雄异株和C支系水螅，尽管其地下生物量丰富。雌雄同株水螅在种植后180天（朱利安日304）的地上生物量是C枝水螅的1.8倍。在304朱利安日，C枝水螅每株产生74个腋生旋转体，相当于比雌雄同株水螅增加2.3倍，比雌雄异株水螅增加61.5倍。相反，雌雄同株水螅和雌雄异株水螅的地下轮产量分别比C支系高4.7倍和7.1倍。这些研究表明，在美国，C枝水鸡在物候上与其他两种生物型有许多相似之处，但其惊人的腋窝turion产量对管理后的传播和持久性具有潜在的影响。

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引用次数: 0