Pub Date : 2025-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103951
Dahyeok Im , Seung Hyeon Kim , Fei Zhang , Zhaxi Suonan , Hyegwang Kim , Young Kyun Kim , Hwi-June Song , Min Ho Son , Kun-Seop Lee
The seagrass Zostera caespitosa is undergoing a notable decline within its native range along the Northeast Asian coast. We examined the effects of the seed source population, salinity (0, 15, and 30 psu), and temperature (5 and 20 °C) on germination rate and subsequent seedling growth under both field and controlled laboratory conditions to assess the potential for seed-based restoration. Seeds collected from Tongyeong (TY seeds) were larger than those from Jangmok Bay (JM seeds), resulting in an increased germination rate; however, seed size did not influence subsequent seedling growth. In the laboratory experiment, the optimal conditions for seed germination (15 psu and 5 °C) differed from those for seedling growth (15 psu and 20 °C), for both seed sources. In the field experiment, the seedling density from TY seeds was significantly higher than that from JM seeds during the first three months following germination, with no significant difference by the end of the experiment. These results suggest that additional environmental or biotic factors, such as competition and herbivory, strongly influenced seedling growth and successful establishment. Overall, our findings provide essential insights into the sexual reproduction of Z. caespitosa for seed-based restoration efforts and contribute to increasing public awareness of the conservation and management of this threatened species.
{"title":"Factors influencing seed germination and seedling establishment of the threatened seagrass, Zostera caespitosa: Implications for seed-based restoration","authors":"Dahyeok Im , Seung Hyeon Kim , Fei Zhang , Zhaxi Suonan , Hyegwang Kim , Young Kyun Kim , Hwi-June Song , Min Ho Son , Kun-Seop Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seagrass <em>Zostera caespitosa</em> is undergoing a notable decline within its native range along the Northeast Asian coast. We examined the effects of the seed source population, salinity (0, 15, and 30 psu), and temperature (5 and 20 °C) on germination rate and subsequent seedling growth under both field and controlled laboratory conditions to assess the potential for seed-based restoration. Seeds collected from Tongyeong (TY seeds) were larger than those from Jangmok Bay (JM seeds), resulting in an increased germination rate; however, seed size did not influence subsequent seedling growth. In the laboratory experiment, the optimal conditions for seed germination (15 psu and 5 °C) differed from those for seedling growth (15 psu and 20 °C), for both seed sources. In the field experiment, the seedling density from TY seeds was significantly higher than that from JM seeds during the first three months following germination, with no significant difference by the end of the experiment. These results suggest that additional environmental or biotic factors, such as competition and herbivory, strongly influenced seedling growth and successful establishment. Overall, our findings provide essential insights into the sexual reproduction of <em>Z. caespitosa</em> for seed-based restoration efforts and contribute to increasing public awareness of the conservation and management of this threatened species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103948
Leah Nyawira Ndirangu , Yang Liu , Yu Cao , Wei Li
Emergent and floating-leaved plants share similar root system, but emergent plants extend their leaves above water like terrestrial plants, while floating leaves remain on the surface. Previous studies have demonstrated coordinated variation among photosynthetic traits in terrestrial plants, e.g. vein traits and leaf mass per area (LMA). Nonetheless, the co-ordination of these traits in aquatic plants remains unclear, especially for the emergent and floating-leaved plants. We conducted correlation analysis between leaf vein density and LMA in emergent (67 species) and floating-leaved plants (28 species). In emergent plants, minor veins significantly negatively correlated with LMA and leaf dry mass (LDM), with or without phylogeny correction, resembling the patterns in terrestrial plants. However, neither major nor minor vein density in emergent plants correlated significantly with LDM, indicating that environmental filtering primarily acted on traits per area rather than on the whole-leaf level. In floating-leaved plants, neither major nor minor vein density showed significant correlations with LMA, reflecting reduced needs for water transport or mechanical support from veins. In contrast, LDM correlated negatively with major and minor vein density, but the correlation weakened after phylogenetic correction, confirming that shared ancestry among closely related species in floating-leaved plants affected the trait-trait correlation. These findings highlight distinct adaptive strategies of trait co-ordination between floating-leaved plants and emergent plants and provide a basis for future research on trait-trait relationships in aquatic plants.
{"title":"Contrasting leaf photosynthetic trait co-ordination in emergent and floating-leaved plants","authors":"Leah Nyawira Ndirangu , Yang Liu , Yu Cao , Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emergent and floating-leaved plants share similar root system, but emergent plants extend their leaves above water like terrestrial plants, while floating leaves remain on the surface. Previous studies have demonstrated coordinated variation among photosynthetic traits in terrestrial plants, e.g. vein traits and leaf mass per area (LMA). Nonetheless, the co-ordination of these traits in aquatic plants remains unclear, especially for the emergent and floating-leaved plants. We conducted correlation analysis between leaf vein density and LMA in emergent (67 species) and floating-leaved plants (28 species). In emergent plants, minor veins significantly negatively correlated with LMA and leaf dry mass (LDM), with or without phylogeny correction, resembling the patterns in terrestrial plants. However, neither major nor minor vein density in emergent plants correlated significantly with LDM, indicating that environmental filtering primarily acted on traits per area rather than on the whole-leaf level. In floating-leaved plants, neither major nor minor vein density showed significant correlations with LMA, reflecting reduced needs for water transport or mechanical support from veins. In contrast, LDM correlated negatively with major and minor vein density, but the correlation weakened after phylogenetic correction, confirming that shared ancestry among closely related species in floating-leaved plants affected the trait-trait correlation. These findings highlight distinct adaptive strategies of trait co-ordination between floating-leaved plants and emergent plants and provide a basis for future research on trait-trait relationships in aquatic plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103950
Polina A. Volkova , Maria O. Ivanova , Lina G. Matieva , Alexander A. Bobrov
Native representatives of the economically important genus Lemna in Europe belong to the taxonomically problematic L. minor complex (in addition to well-distinguishable L. trisulca). Distribution of the taxa from this complex in East Europe and their diagnostic characters are still unclear. We explored 41 waterbodies in the model area of ca. 30 km2 in Yaroslavl Region (Russia). We genetically verified (second intron length polymorphism in β-tubulin nuclear gene) taxonomic identity of 175 plants (2–10 plants per site). Lemna minor was the most frequent; either alone (20 sites), or together with L. × japonica (17 sites). In one site we found only L. × japonica. We have not found difference of the type, pH and mineralization of waterbodies with or without L. × japonica . Our quantitative data on mass live material of L. minor and L. × japonica did not support the existence of differences between them on the main diagnostic characters (color and shape of the fronds and sizes of papules on their upper side). We provided the first genetic documentation of L. gibba and L. turionifera occurrence in the region, extending their verified areas. We found flowering Lemna spp. with fully fertile pollen in 12 (29 %) waterbodies of all available types. For the first time we managed to verify genetically taxonomic affiliation of plants, flowering in nature (L. minor and L. × japonica). All genetically tested fruiting plants appeared to be L. minor.
{"title":"Genetically verified mass material of Lemna in temperate East Europe: frequent L. minor – L. × japonica co-occurrence and new records of L. gibba and L. turionifera","authors":"Polina A. Volkova , Maria O. Ivanova , Lina G. Matieva , Alexander A. Bobrov","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Native representatives of the economically important genus <em>Lemna</em> in Europe belong to the taxonomically problematic <em>L. minor</em> complex (in addition to well-distinguishable <em>L. trisulca</em>). Distribution of the taxa from this complex in East Europe and their diagnostic characters are still unclear. We explored 41 waterbodies in the model area of <em>ca.</em> 30 km<sup>2</sup> in Yaroslavl Region (Russia). We genetically verified (second intron length polymorphism in β-tubulin nuclear gene) taxonomic identity of 175 plants (2–10 plants per site). <em>Lemna minor</em> was the most frequent; either alone (20 sites), or together with <em>L. × japonica</em> (17 sites). In one site we found only <em>L. × japonica</em>. We have not found difference of the type, pH and mineralization of waterbodies with or without <em>L. × japonica</em> . Our quantitative data on mass live material of <em>L. minor</em> and <em>L. × japonica</em> did not support the existence of differences between them on the main diagnostic characters (color and shape of the fronds and sizes of papules on their upper side). We provided the first genetic documentation of <em>L. gibba</em> and <em>L. turionifera</em> occurrence in the region, extending their verified areas. We found flowering <em>Lemna</em> spp. with fully fertile pollen in 12 (29 %) waterbodies of all available types. For the first time we managed to verify genetically taxonomic affiliation of plants, flowering in nature (<em>L. minor</em> and <em>L. × japonica</em>). All genetically tested fruiting plants appeared to be <em>L. minor</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103949
Takuya Kandori, Hiroyuki Mizuta, Toshiki Uji
Light plays a vital role in seaweed growth by regulating photosynthesis and signaling metabolic processes. In natural habitats, seaweeds are exposed to fluctuating light conditions caused by environmental factors such as weather and tidal changes. Although the effects of light intensity on red algal growth have been studied physiologically, the underlying gene expression patterns remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the effect of light intensity on the growth of the economically important red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla. Growth was markedly enhanced under high-light (HL) conditions compared with low-light (LL) conditions. To investigate the molecular basis of this enhanced growth, we performed transcriptome profiling using RNA-Seq. A total of 593 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between LL and HL. Among these, genes associated with nitrogen and carbon metabolism (e.g., nitrate reductase, ammonium transporter, and carbonic anhydrase) as well as β-glucanase, potentially involved in cell wall remodeling, were upregulated under HL. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying light-enhanced growth in red macroalgae. The identified genes represent promising molecular targets for genetic engineering and may contribute to the development of strategies to enhance red algal productivity in aquaculture.
{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of the red marine alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla grown under different light intensities","authors":"Takuya Kandori, Hiroyuki Mizuta, Toshiki Uji","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light plays a vital role in seaweed growth by regulating photosynthesis and signaling metabolic processes. In natural habitats, seaweeds are exposed to fluctuating light conditions caused by environmental factors such as weather and tidal changes. Although the effects of light intensity on red algal growth have been studied physiologically, the underlying gene expression patterns remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the effect of light intensity on the growth of the economically important red alga <em>Gracilaria vermiculophylla</em>. Growth was markedly enhanced under high-light (HL) conditions compared with low-light (LL) conditions. To investigate the molecular basis of this enhanced growth, we performed transcriptome profiling using RNA-Seq. A total of 593 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between LL and HL. Among these, genes associated with nitrogen and carbon metabolism (e.g., nitrate reductase, ammonium transporter, and carbonic anhydrase) as well as β-glucanase, potentially involved in cell wall remodeling, were upregulated under HL. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying light-enhanced growth in red macroalgae. The identified genes represent promising molecular targets for genetic engineering and may contribute to the development of strategies to enhance red algal productivity in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103947
Rafael de Paiva Farias , Ana Paula Teixeira Barreto , Lucas Erickson Nascimento da Costa
Despite their ecological relevance, ferns remain understudied in terms of herbivory and defense strategies, especially in mangrove ecosystems. Here we analyzed the leaf traits and herbivory damage in Acrostichum aureum, a notable fern species occurring in mangroves, and compared the data with two angiosperms occurring in the same area, Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle. For this study case, we estimated herbivory damage in 100 leaves collected from 10 to 15 individuals of each species in a Brazilian mangrove using the classical visual method. We measured the leaf thickness, nutrient (N, P, K and Ca), heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb), and phenol concentrations and compared them using ANOVA. Cd, Cr, and Pb were not detected in all studied species. Our results demonstrated that A. aureum had higher palatability associated with thinner leaves, absence of Ni, lower Ca and phenol content, and higher NPK concentrations, compared to the other mangrove species. However, A. aureum exhibited significantly lower herbivory damage (0.05 %) than L. racemosa (0.75 %) and R. mangle (2.86 %). Therefore, the palatability of A. aureum leaves did not lead to higher herbivory damage in this species. Our findings underscore the challenges in generalizing the effects of leaf defenses and nutritional composition on herbivory in mangrove species. We encourage global herbivory data collection in A. aureum to better understand its role in mangrove herbivory. We propose hypotheses to explain why the high palatability does not translate into high herbivory in A. aureum. Finally, we highlight the absence of bottom-up effects on herbivory patterns in our study area.
{"title":"Leaf traits and herbivory in the mangrove fern Acrostichum aureum: a comparative study case with co-occurring angiosperms in Brazil","authors":"Rafael de Paiva Farias , Ana Paula Teixeira Barreto , Lucas Erickson Nascimento da Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite their ecological relevance, ferns remain understudied in terms of herbivory and defense strategies, especially in mangrove ecosystems. Here we analyzed the leaf traits and herbivory damage in <em>Acrostichum aureum</em>, a notable fern species occurring in mangroves, and compared the data with two angiosperms occurring in the same area, <em>Laguncularia racemosa</em> and <em>Rhizophora mangle</em>. For this study case, we estimated herbivory damage in 100 leaves collected from 10 to 15 individuals of each species in a Brazilian mangrove using the classical visual method. We measured the leaf thickness, nutrient (N, P, K and Ca), heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb), and phenol concentrations and compared them using ANOVA. Cd, Cr, and Pb were not detected in all studied species. Our results demonstrated that <em>A. aureum</em> had higher palatability associated with thinner leaves, absence of Ni, lower Ca and phenol content, and higher NPK concentrations, compared to the other mangrove species. However, <em>A. aureum</em> exhibited significantly lower herbivory damage (0.05 %) than <em>L. racemosa</em> (0.75 %) and <em>R. mangle</em> (2.86 %). Therefore, the palatability of <em>A. aureum</em> leaves did not lead to higher herbivory damage in this species. Our findings underscore the challenges in generalizing the effects of leaf defenses and nutritional composition on herbivory in mangrove species. We encourage global herbivory data collection in <em>A. aureum</em> to better understand its role in mangrove herbivory. We propose hypotheses to explain why the high palatability does not translate into high herbivory in <em>A. aureum</em>. Finally, we highlight the absence of bottom-up effects on herbivory patterns in our study area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103946
Alexandra D. Kirina , Polina A. Volkova , Maria O. Ivanova , Alexander A. Bobrov
Biodiversity researches rely heavily on trustworthy species identification. Morphological variability within the Zannichellia palustris complex is quite low, which results in significant differences in the published diagnostic characteristics. Genetic variability of the complex in Eurasian scale remains unclear. Endemic species in the section Zannichellia also were described but their taxonomic status has not been confirmed genetically. Thus, we aimed to study variation of the proposed diagnostic traits and genetic variability (nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) and plastid DNA (trnH-psbA) markers) on mass material of the Z. palustris complex on the area-wide scale. The sampling primarily covered the former USSR; some samples from North America, Israel, Turkey, China, Mongolia, and West Europe were also studied. We did not manage to reveal any distinct morphotypes within the complex. There was also no morphological differentiation of haplotypes and ribotypes. Thus, we were not able to distinguish any species within Z. palustris complex. Endemic taxa from Kamchatka (Z. komarovii) and from the Lower Volga (Z. clausii) also were not differentiated genetically. Additional studies based on analysis of low-copy nuclear genes along with an assessment of the ploidy of the specimens is necessary to further clarify the taxonomy of the complex.
{"title":"Genetic variability does not support species delimitation within the Zannichellia palustris complex in temperate Eurasia","authors":"Alexandra D. Kirina , Polina A. Volkova , Maria O. Ivanova , Alexander A. Bobrov","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodiversity researches rely heavily on trustworthy species identification. Morphological variability within the <em>Zannichellia palustris</em> complex is quite low, which results in significant differences in the published diagnostic characteristics. Genetic variability of the complex in Eurasian scale remains unclear. Endemic species in the section <em>Zannichellia</em> also were described but their taxonomic status has not been confirmed genetically. Thus, we aimed to study variation of the proposed diagnostic traits and genetic variability (nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) and plastid DNA (trnH-psbA) markers) on mass material of the <em>Z. palustris</em> complex on the area-wide scale. The sampling primarily covered the former USSR; some samples from North America, Israel, Turkey, China, Mongolia, and West Europe were also studied. We did not manage to reveal any distinct morphotypes within the complex. There was also no morphological differentiation of haplotypes and ribotypes. Thus, we were not able to distinguish any species within <em>Z. palustris</em> complex. Endemic taxa from Kamchatka (<em>Z. komarovii</em>) and from the Lower Volga (<em>Z. clausii</em>) also were not differentiated genetically. Additional studies based on analysis of low-copy nuclear genes along with an assessment of the ploidy of the specimens is necessary to further clarify the taxonomy of the complex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103945
Killivalavan Narayanan , Mohandoss Durairaj , Aamir Sultan Lone
Soil salinization represents a significant global environmental challenge, severely compromising the functional integrity of terrestrial ecosystems by disrupting ecosystem services, threatening biodiversity, diminishing agricultural productivity and accelerating land degradation. Without the adoption of effective reclamation strategies, the progression of salinization is anticipated to intensify, especially in developing nations. Current experiment was conducted on salinity affected land over a period of 120 days at Nava Pettai Village, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, utilizing Suaeda maritima as a biological tool to assess its efficacy in mitigating salinity. This study explored Suaeda maritima’s growth parameters, biomass accumulation, biochemical, enzymatic activity and soil physico-chemical characteristics. The study highlights the superior halotolerance and bioaccumulation efficiency of S. maritima in facilitating soil reclamation. The species exhibited a remarkable sodium phytoaccumulation capacity of 478 kg NaCl ha⁻¹ , which contributed to a substantial reduction in soil pH from 8.7 to 6.7, electrical conductivity from 4.89 to 1.62 dS m⁻¹ , and sodium adsorption ratio from 15.2 to 7.2 mmol L⁻¹ . Notable improvements were observed in plant height, biomass, biochemical constituents, and antioxidant enzyme activity was recorded throughout the experimental period compared to the control. The findings demonstrate that the repeated cultivation of S. maritima offers a promising and sustainable approach for ameliorating saline soils, thereby mitigating a major limitation to agricultural productivity in salt-affected regions.
{"title":"Assessing the growth, biochemical and phytoremediation potential of Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. – A salt marsh halophyte in salt affected farmland","authors":"Killivalavan Narayanan , Mohandoss Durairaj , Aamir Sultan Lone","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization represents a significant global environmental challenge, severely compromising the functional integrity of terrestrial ecosystems by disrupting ecosystem services, threatening biodiversity, diminishing agricultural productivity and accelerating land degradation. Without the adoption of effective reclamation strategies, the progression of salinization is anticipated to intensify, especially in developing nations. Current experiment was conducted on salinity affected land over a period of 120 days at Nava Pettai Village, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, utilizing <em>Suaeda maritima</em> as a biological tool to assess its efficacy in mitigating salinity. This study explored <em>Suaeda maritima</em>’s growth parameters, biomass accumulation, biochemical, enzymatic activity and soil physico-chemical characteristics. The study highlights the superior halotolerance and bioaccumulation efficiency of <em>S. maritima</em> in facilitating soil reclamation. The species exhibited a remarkable sodium phytoaccumulation capacity of 478 kg NaCl ha⁻¹ , which contributed to a substantial reduction in soil pH from 8.7 to 6.7, electrical conductivity from 4.89 to 1.62 dS m⁻¹ , and sodium adsorption ratio from 15.2 to 7.2 mmol L⁻¹ . Notable improvements were observed in plant height, biomass, biochemical constituents, and antioxidant enzyme activity was recorded throughout the experimental period compared to the control. The findings demonstrate that the repeated cultivation of <em>S. maritima</em> offers a promising and sustainable approach for ameliorating saline soils, thereby mitigating a major limitation to agricultural productivity in salt-affected regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103945"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elodea canadensis is a widespread invasive alien aquatic species in Europe. However, there is growing evidence that increasing anthropogenic eutrophication and other factors are leading to a decline in the populations of this species. We compared the structure of plant communities and the phenotypic plasticity of E. canadensis individuals across communities in Ukraine and Portugal to assess whether the species responds similarly to environmental variation, and to identify differences in its distribution, community role, and the environmental factors influencing the formation of morphological traits of the species and biomass. In both countries, E. canadensis preferentially occurs in oligo-mesotrophic and meso-eutrophic waters, forming similar communities, but in Ukraine the communities in lentic water bodies were floristically more diverse. Populations with high biomass of E. canadensis in Ukraine were formed in lentic water bodies with good water exchange, as well as in lotic ecosystems of both Ukraine and Portugal. Environmental clustering revealed a distinct ecological separation among water bodies, with the strongest contrast observed between lower-nutrient, higher-elevation Ukrainian lakes and nutrient-rich, lowland mixed lotic systems in both countries. The morphological traits of E. canadensis differed significantly between these clusters, particularly shoot length and leaf width, highlighting phenotypic responses to environmental gradients. We assume that anthropogenic eutrophication affects E. сanadensis communities, and may lead to their decline or disappearance as trophic levels rise in both countries. Understanding these patterns is important for forecasting invasion dynamics under eutrophication and climate change, and for refining management strategies in freshwater ecosystems.
{"title":"Comparative studies of invasive Elodea canadensis Michx. in two climatically different regions","authors":"Mariana Prokopuk , Lesya Zub , Maksym Netsvetov , Silvia Martins , Elizabete Marchante","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Elodea canadensis</em> is a widespread invasive alien aquatic species in Europe. However, there is growing evidence that increasing anthropogenic eutrophication and other factors are leading to a decline in the populations of this species. We compared the structure of plant communities and the phenotypic plasticity of <em>E. canadensis</em> individuals across communities in Ukraine and Portugal to assess whether the species responds similarly to environmental variation, and to identify differences in its distribution, community role, and the environmental factors influencing the formation of morphological traits of the species and biomass. In both countries, <em>E. canadensis</em> preferentially occurs in oligo-mesotrophic and meso-eutrophic waters, forming similar communities, but in Ukraine the communities in lentic water bodies were floristically more diverse. Populations with high biomass of <em>E. canadensis</em> in Ukraine were formed in lentic water bodies with good water exchange, as well as in lotic ecosystems of both Ukraine and Portugal. Environmental clustering revealed a distinct ecological separation among water bodies, with the strongest contrast observed between lower-nutrient, higher-elevation Ukrainian lakes and nutrient-rich, lowland mixed lotic systems in both countries. The morphological traits of <em>E. canadensis</em> differed significantly between these clusters, particularly shoot length and leaf width, highlighting phenotypic responses to environmental gradients. We assume that anthropogenic eutrophication affects <em>E. сanadensis</em> communities, and may lead to their decline or disappearance as trophic levels rise in both countries. Understanding these patterns is important for forecasting invasion dynamics under eutrophication and climate change, and for refining management strategies in freshwater ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103944"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-24DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103943
Tatiana Lobato-de Magalhães , Kevin Murphy , Thomas A. Davidson , Jorge García-Girón , Andrey Efremov , Victor Chepinoga , Eugenio Molina-Navarro , Celeste Franceschini , Roger P. Mormul , Hui Fu , Rossano Bolpagni , Juri Nascimbene , Luz Manzo , Luis B. Epele , Julissa Tapia-Grimaldo , Berenice Schneider , Gisela Mayora , Pema Tendar , David Cooper , Sahar A.A. Malik Al-Saadi , Janne Alahuhta
To investigate whether patterns of ploidy state variation known to occur in macrophytes at broad global scales can be detected at finer site scale, we examined macrophyte assemblages present in 1239 individual inland lentic and lotic waterbodies sampled from 2000 onwards. The sites include lakes and reservoirs, rivers and streams, slow-flowing or static water bodies associated with rivers (such as oxbows), man-made channels, and temporary or ephemeral lentic waterbodies in 22 countries worldwide. The latitude range for these sites was 10.58–68.40° N and from 0.01 to 54.88° S, covering climatic conditions ranging from tropical to temperate/Arctic. We examined the influence of geospatial variables, current or historic climate variables, and additional local water physical and chemical variables measured for each site, as potential predictors of the incidence of ploidy state (diploidy, polyploidy, and mixed-cytotype) in the macrophyte species assemblage. At fine scales (individual sites), we observed the same latitudinal and climatic patterns influencing all macrophyte ploidy states, especially diploid species, compared to findings at a broad spatial resolution of 10° × 10° latitude-longitude. Ploidy state of macrophyte assemblages slightly, but significantly, differs between lentic and lotic environments. Along with geospatial and climate variables, local physical and chemical variables also helped predict the occurrence of polyploid and mixed-ploidy species. Our results support previous findings on ploidy state distribution and drivers at broader scales but also unravel new information on key drivers for the distribution of polyploid and mixed-ploidy species, relevant to understanding macrophyte adaptation mechanisms and evolutionary processes worldwide.
{"title":"Fine-scale patterns and drivers of ploidy state in lentic and lotic macrophyte assemblages across the world","authors":"Tatiana Lobato-de Magalhães , Kevin Murphy , Thomas A. Davidson , Jorge García-Girón , Andrey Efremov , Victor Chepinoga , Eugenio Molina-Navarro , Celeste Franceschini , Roger P. Mormul , Hui Fu , Rossano Bolpagni , Juri Nascimbene , Luz Manzo , Luis B. Epele , Julissa Tapia-Grimaldo , Berenice Schneider , Gisela Mayora , Pema Tendar , David Cooper , Sahar A.A. Malik Al-Saadi , Janne Alahuhta","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate whether patterns of ploidy state variation known to occur in macrophytes at broad global scales can be detected at finer site scale, we examined macrophyte assemblages present in 1239 individual inland lentic and lotic waterbodies sampled from 2000 onwards. The sites include lakes and reservoirs, rivers and streams, slow-flowing or static water bodies associated with rivers (such as oxbows), man-made channels, and temporary or ephemeral lentic waterbodies in 22 countries worldwide. The latitude range for these sites was 10.58–68.40° N and from 0.01 to 54.88° S, covering climatic conditions ranging from tropical to temperate/Arctic. We examined the influence of geospatial variables, current or historic climate variables, and additional local water physical and chemical variables measured for each site, as potential predictors of the incidence of ploidy state (diploidy, polyploidy, and mixed-cytotype) in the macrophyte species assemblage. At fine scales (individual sites), we observed the same latitudinal and climatic patterns influencing all macrophyte ploidy states, especially diploid species, compared to findings at a broad spatial resolution of 10° × 10° latitude-longitude. Ploidy state of macrophyte assemblages slightly, but significantly, differs between lentic and lotic environments. Along with geospatial and climate variables, local physical and chemical variables also helped predict the occurrence of polyploid and mixed-ploidy species. Our results support previous findings on ploidy state distribution and drivers at broader scales but also unravel new information on key drivers for the distribution of polyploid and mixed-ploidy species, relevant to understanding macrophyte adaptation mechanisms and evolutionary processes worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aldrovanda vesiculosa is a rootless aquatic carnivorous plant forming turions (winter buds) as specific overwintering organs containing high abscisic acid (ABA) content. The high ABA content has the key role in regulating turion formation and maintaining turion dormancy. Here, we compared hormonal profiles (cytokinins, auxins, ABA) in shoot apices in A. vesiculosa grown in mini aquaria in a greenhouse at the end of the summer season after a 2-day priming with ABA (2 µM) and ABA together with an artificial cytokinin kinetin (KIN, 20 µM), to find out their effects and interactions on turion formation and morphology. During the next 11 days (without added hormones), the ABA application gently boosted the turion development but the rapid apical shoot growth was not influenced. The shoot apices were narrower and more condensed. The ABA+KIN application almost ceased the apical growth and retarded the turion development. Shoot apices were robust and wide. Turion development may thus interfere with apical shoot growth. The application of ABA alone did not significantly change the contents of cytokinins, auxins or ABA in shoot apices, but +ABA+KIN significantly decreased the total and active endogenous cytokinins and increased the ABA content threefold compared to the control. Thus, both added hormones affected the developing turions in a similar way which is known and expected in dormant organs of terrestrial plants. These results suggest that the coordination between ABA and cytokinins might be crucial for hormonal regulation of the onset of turion dormancy and turion development in aquatic plants.
{"title":"Application of ABA and kinetin on the aquatic carnivorous plant Aldrovanda vesiculosa affects the morphology and phytohormone profiles in shoot apices","authors":"Lubomír Adamec , Lenka Plačková , Dardan Klos , Karel Doležal","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</em> is a rootless aquatic carnivorous plant forming turions (winter buds) as specific overwintering organs containing high abscisic acid (ABA) content. The high ABA content has the key role in regulating turion formation and maintaining turion dormancy. Here, we compared hormonal profiles (cytokinins, auxins, ABA) in shoot apices in <em>A. vesiculosa</em> grown in mini aquaria in a greenhouse at the end of the summer season after a 2-day priming with ABA (2 µM) and ABA together with an artificial cytokinin kinetin (KIN, 20 µM), to find out their effects and interactions on turion formation and morphology. During the next 11 days (without added hormones), the ABA application gently boosted the turion development but the rapid apical shoot growth was not influenced. The shoot apices were narrower and more condensed. The ABA+KIN application almost ceased the apical growth and retarded the turion development. Shoot apices were robust and wide. Turion development may thus interfere with apical shoot growth. The application of ABA alone did not significantly change the contents of cytokinins, auxins or ABA in shoot apices, but +ABA+KIN significantly decreased the total and active endogenous cytokinins and increased the ABA content threefold compared to the control. Thus, both added hormones affected the developing turions in a similar way which is known and expected in dormant organs of terrestrial plants. These results suggest that the coordination between ABA and cytokinins might be crucial for hormonal regulation of the onset of turion dormancy and turion development in aquatic plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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