Aquatic Botany最新文献_第3页

Assessing the response of Halimeda incrassata to temperature and light to predict its spread in the NE Atlantic 评估海棠对温度和光照的反应以预测其在东北大西洋的扩散

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103968

Belén Roger-Baynat, Marta Sansón, Daniel Álvarez-Canali, Carlos Sangil

In recent decades, many species of tropical distribution have arrived in the Canary Islands due to tropicalization and direct and indirect anthropogenic activity. This is the case of the Caribbean seaweed Halimeda incrassata (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) that began to be detected in the eastern Atlantic in 2005 and is now found in the Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores, and the Mediterranean. In this study, an ex-situ experimental approach was carried out to assess the thermal and light tolerance of the species to understand its preferences and predict its expansion. Three experiments were performed, testing temperature and light individually and their interaction. The variables measured were thallus growth (percentage of surface area and increase of number of segments) and net photosynthesis. Results indicate that temperature is the most limiting factor to its growth, with higher temperatures being the most favorable (26–28ºC), while light intensity has a more negligible effect on the species. Consequently, H. incrassata could expand latitudinally until 40ºN, where temperature is over 20ºC for at least several months over the year. As an ecosystem engineer it can modify the environment and the communities where it is established, it is expected to compete with native species such as seagrasses, other macroalgae and garden eel. Further experiments, including acidification conditions and in-situ monitoring, should also be considered to complete the information on its growth limits.

近几十年来，由于热带化和直接或间接的人为活动，许多热带分布的物种已经到达加那利群岛。这就是2005年在东大西洋发现的加勒比海带halimmeda incrassata（苔藓藻类，绿藻）的例子，现在在加那利群岛、马德拉群岛、亚速尔群岛和地中海都有发现。本研究采用迁地实验方法评估了该物种的耐热性和耐光性，以了解其偏好并预测其扩展。进行了三个实验，分别测试了温度和光及其相互作用。测量的变量是菌体生长（表面积百分比和片段数增加）和净光合作用。结果表明，温度是其生长的最大限制因素，较高的温度（26 ~ 28℃）对其生长最有利，而光照强度对其生长的影响可以忽略不计。因此，H. incrassata可以向纬度扩展到40ºN，在那里一年中至少有几个月的温度超过20ºC。作为一种生态系统工程师，它可以改变环境和它所建立的群落，预计它将与海草、其他大型藻类和花园鳗鱼等本地物种竞争。还应考虑进一步的实验，包括酸化条件和现场监测，以完善关于其生长极限的资料。

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引用次数: 0

Incorporating evolutionary history in the explanation of the variation in leaf mass per area and its components of mangrove species 结合进化历史来解释红树林物种单位面积叶质量及其组成的变化

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103969

Justin Rugema , Waseem Akram , Jing Gao , Zachee Gasana , Frida Sidik , Lili Wei

Leaf mass per area (LMA) is closely linked to plant resource investment strategies. In most terrestrial plants, variation in LMA is primarily driven by leaf density. However, mangroves develop succulent leaves with high water content as an adaptation to saline environments. We therefore hypothesized that in mangroves, leaf thickness cannot be overlooked in explaining LMA variation, and that it exhibits greater phylogenetic plasticity than density. To test this, we analyzed the relative contributions of thickness and density to LMA variation and assessed their phylogenetic signals across 30 mangrove species in China. The results show that thickness and density contribute comparably to LMA variation in mangrove species. The covariation between LMA and leaf thickness is largely phylogenetically independent, whereas the relationship between LMA and leaf density is phylogenetically conserved. This decoupling indicates that mangroves regulate LMA through environmentally responsive adjustments in thickness, while leaf density is a more evolutionarily constrained trait. Consequently, these findings call into question the broad applicability of LMA as a direct indicator of plant resource investment strategies in mangroves.

单位面积叶质量（LMA）与植物资源投资策略密切相关。在大多数陆生植物中，LMA的变化主要由叶片密度驱动。然而，红树林的多肉叶片具有高含水量，以适应盐水环境。因此，我们假设在红树林中，叶片厚度在解释LMA变化时不能被忽视，并且它比密度表现出更大的系统发育可塑性。为了验证这一点，我们分析了中国30个红树林物种的厚度和密度对LMA变化的相对贡献，并评估了它们的系统发育信号。结果表明，厚度和密度对红树林物种的LMA变化有相当的贡献。LMA与叶片厚度之间的共变异在很大程度上与系统发育无关，而LMA与叶片密度之间的关系在系统发育上是保守的。这种解耦表明，红树林通过对厚度的环境响应性调整来调节LMA，而叶片密度则是一个更受进化约束的特征。因此，这些发现对LMA作为红树林植物资源投资策略的直接指标的广泛适用性提出了质疑。

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引用次数: 0

Megaspore germination and sporophyte emergence requirements in the critically endangered endemic quillwort Isoëtes malinverniana 极度濒危特有刺茅Isoëtes的大孢子萌发和孢子体出苗需求

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103965

Abeli Thomas, Bacchetta Alice, Basilico Flavio, Berardo Pietro, Colli Alice, Colonna Ginevra, Pastor Bini Alessandra Balbina, Ruzzoli Alessia, Tucci Martina, Vesconi Giovanna Angela, Vitaloni Diana, Tarascio Martina

Isoëtes malinverniana is a critically endangered quillwort endemic to north-western Italy. Although some aspects of its reproductive biology are well known, megaspore and sporophyte germination ecology have never been studied in detail. In this study, we investigate and clarify the thermal requirements for megaspore germination and sporophyte emergence in I. malinverniana. We tested the effect of five constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 °C) and one alternating temperature (25/15 °C) on megaspore germination and sporophyte emergence in I. malinverniana. Moreover, we tested the effect of light and dark on megaspore germination and, the species self-compatibility and apomictic reproduction. Our results suggest that the optimal temperatures for megaspore germination and sporophyte emergence were 20 °C and 25/15 °C, reaching approximately 80 % germination at these temperatures after eight weeks. Spore germination did not occur at 10 °C and decreased at temperatures above 25 °C. Germination and emergence speed were also positively related to temperature. Megaspore and sporophyte of I. malinverniana germinated and emerged in the dark, but at a lower percentage than in full light. Our study suggests that I. malinverniana is self-compatible and cannot reproduce apomictically.

Isoëtes malinverniana是意大利西北部特有的一种极度濒危的刺茅。虽然其生殖生物学的某些方面是众所周知的，但大孢子和孢子萌发生态学从未被详细研究过。在本研究中，我们调查和阐明了马林菊大孢子萌发和孢子萌发的热需求。研究了5种恒温（10、15、20、25、30°C）和1种交变温度（25/15°C）对马林菊大孢子萌发和孢子体出苗的影响。此外，我们还测试了光照和黑暗对大孢子萌发的影响，以及物种自交亲和性和无分裂生殖的影响。结果表明，大孢子萌发和孢子萌发的最佳温度分别为20℃和25/15℃，8周后萌发率约为80% %。孢子在10°C时不萌发，在25°C以上时萌发减少。发芽率和出苗率也与温度呈正相关。大孢子和孢子体在黑暗条件下萌发出芽，但在光照条件下萌发出芽的比例较低。我们的研究表明，马林菊是自亲和的，不能进行非杂交繁殖。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of increasing temperature on the growth, survival, and non-structural carbohydrate content of the seagrass Halophila beccarii 温度升高对贝氏嗜盐海草生长、存活及非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103964

Zhixin Zhong , Liuyuan Zou , Jie Wang , Xiaochen Cheng , Gaoquan He , Le-Zheng Qin

Halophila beccarii, a key habitat-forming seagrass in estuarine and coastal ecosystems, faces increasing threats from rising seawater temperatures. However, its survival strategies and physiological responses to thermal stress remain poorly characterized. This study conducted a field observation investigating the population dynamics of H. beccarii in the Nandu River estuary, China, over two years and a temperature experiment examining its growth, morphological traits, and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) dynamics under manipulated thermal stress (exposure to 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C for 28 days followed by a 30-day recovery period at 25°C). The results of the field observation showed that extreme temperatures (>40°C) in May 2023 triggered sharp declines in shoot density, biomass, and NSC content, resulting in a near-complete meadow-scale die-off by June 2023. In particular, the enhanced belowground starch reserves coincided with a higher shoot density and biomass, suggesting that meadows with greater biomass and NSC reserves were likely more resilient to thermal stress. Seedling recruitment during October 2023 partially facilitated population recovery. Elevated experimental temperatures (30°C and 35°C) reduced shoot density and inhibited clonal propagation. Leaf width and aboveground soluble sugar content increased at 30°C, suggesting morphological adaptation. During recovery, plant height, rhizome internode length, and belowground NSC content increased, indicating enhanced energy storage and recovery potential. These findings emphasize the lasting effects of thermal stress on H. beccarii, indicating its low resilience to extreme heat stress under future climate change scenarios.

beccarii是河口和沿海生态系统中重要的栖息地形成海草，面临着海水温度上升的日益严重的威胁。然而，其生存策略和对热应激的生理反应仍然不清楚。本研究对南渡河河口贝氏弧菌（H. beccarii）种群动态进行了为期2年的野外观察，并对其生长、形态特征和非结构碳水化合物（NSC）动态进行了温度实验研究，研究了不同温度条件下贝氏弧菌（H. beccarii）的生长、形态特征和非结构碳水化合物（NSC）动态。野外观测结果表明，2023年5月的极端温度（40°C）导致林分密度、生物量和NSC含量急剧下降，到2023年6月，林分密度、生物量和NSC含量几乎完全消失。特别是，地下淀粉储量的增加与较高的茎密度和生物量相一致，表明生物量和NSC储量较大的草甸对热胁迫的适应能力更强。2023年10月的苗木补充部分促进了种群的恢复。升高实验温度（30°C和35°C）降低了芽密度，抑制了无性系繁殖。叶片宽度和地上可溶性糖含量在30℃下增加，表明形态适应。在恢复过程中，植株高度、根茎节间长度和地下NSC含量增加，表明能量储存和恢复潜力增强。这些发现强调了热应激对贝氏弧菌的持久影响，表明其在未来气候变化情景下对极端热应激的适应性较低。

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引用次数: 0

Variations in environmental DNA deteAQBOT 103954ction of aquatic plants across water body types: A case study of the Tokachi River 不同水体类型水生植物环境DNA检测aqbot 103954的变化：以德立河为例

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103954

Chigaya Enju , Souta Nakajima , Kenji Tsuri , Ryusuke Shinohara , Kazuki Kanno , Keiko Muraoka , Koji Katagiri

The conservation of aquatic plants in freshwater ecosystems is essential for supporting aquatic animal communities. However, conducting field surveys of aquatic plants in riverine environments remains challenging, posing as a barrier to understanding their habitats. In this study, vegetation surveys and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding were conducted in the main channel, connected ponds, and isolated ponds of the Tokachi River—one of the major rivers in Japan. The aim of this study was to (i) compare species detection between eDNA metabarcoding and field survey results using multiple markers, (ii) determine whether eDNA detection of aquatic plants varies across water body types, and (iii) identify whether detection differences are associated with taxonomic groups or life forms of aquatic plants. A total of 34 species were recorded through field surveys, and 29 species were detected through eDNA analysis. At the species level, 24 species (approximately 80 %) could only be detected using one marker. Isolated ponds yielded the highest number of species in field and eDNA surveys. The families Potamogetonaceae and Poaceae were most frequently detected by eDNA (five species each); notably, both families were also well represented in vegetation surveys across many sites. Overall, submerged plants were detected more frequently by eDNA than emergent plants across all water body type. Additionally, eDNA was able to detect rare species. These findings suggest that eDNA surveys are a valuable tool for detecting submerged and rare aquatic plant species in large river systems, particularly where field-based identification is limited.

保护淡水生态系统中的水生植物对支持水生动物群落至关重要。然而，对河流环境中的水生植物进行实地调查仍然具有挑战性，这对了解其栖息地构成了障碍。本研究对日本主要河流之一的德胜河的主河道、连接池和孤立池进行了植被调查和环境DNA （eDNA）元条形码分析。本研究的目的是：(i)比较eDNA元条形码和使用多个标记的实地调查结果之间的物种检测结果，（ii）确定水生植物的eDNA检测是否在不同的水体类型中存在差异，（iii）确定检测差异是否与水生植物的分类类群或生命形式有关。野外调查共记录到34种，eDNA分析共检测到29种。在种水平上，一个标记只能检测到24种（约80% %）。在野外和eDNA调查中，孤立池塘的物种数量最多。eDNA检测最多的是马铃薯科和豆科（各5种）；值得注意的是，这两个科在许多地点的植被调查中也有很好的代表性。总体而言，在所有水体类型中，淹没植物的eDNA检测频率高于新兴植物。此外，eDNA能够检测稀有物种。这些发现表明，eDNA调查是检测大型河流系统中淹没和稀有水生植物物种的有价值的工具，特别是在野外鉴定有限的情况下。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of the photosynthetic ecophysiology of Myriophyllum aquaticum and congeneric milfoils and invasion potential into the Midwestern United States 水生肉豆蔻与同属肉豆蔻光合生理生态的比较分析及其在美国中西部的入侵潜力

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103953

Alyssa J. Anderson, Ryan M. Wersal, Christopher T. Ruhland

Parrotfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.) is a heterophyllous, perennial aquatic invasive plant. Since parrotfeather’s arrival in the U.S. in the late 1800s, there is yet to be wide-spread establishment in the Midwestern United States (Midwest). The current study utilized pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange analyses to determine if there is a physiological mechanism that limits parrotfeather colonization in the Midwest. Fluorescence parameters were taken at water temperatures between 0 and 45°C, and gas exchange measurements were examined at 4, 25 and 35°C. The photosynthetic ecophysiology of parrotfeather was compared to Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) and a hybrid strain of watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum x Myriophyllum sibiricum) as the latter two plants are widespread throughout the Midwest. The ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence (F_v/F_m) in emergent and submerged parrotfeather averaged 0.80 and 0.65, respectively, at temperatures between 0 and 35°C and declined at > 40°C. In addition, light-adapted quantum yield of photosystem II (ϕ_PSII) was lowest at temperatures between 0 and 10°C and 40–45°C in submersed leaves. Net photosynthetic rates were highest at 25°C for emergent and submerged parrotfeather and averaged 8.83 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and 0.00107 μmol g⁻¹ s⁻¹ FW, respectively. Carbon assimilation rates in submersed parrotfeather were significantly lower than those observed in the Eurasian and hybrid milfoils. Lastly, the light compensation points were consistently lower in submersed parrotfeather than the other milfoils with values ≤ 55 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ at 4°C and 25°C. Based on current photosynthetic ecophysiology data, these species of Myriophyllum maintain positive photosynthetic rates at temperatures near 4°C.

鹦鹉羽毛（肉豆蔻）是一种多年生异叶水生入侵植物。自从鹦鹉羽毛在19世纪末到达美国以来，在美国中西部还没有广泛的建立。目前的研究利用脉冲振幅调制叶绿素荧光和气体交换分析来确定是否存在限制鹦鹉羽毛在中西部定居的生理机制。在0到45°C的水温下测量荧光参数，在4、25和35°C的温度下检测气体交换测量。由于后两种植物广泛分布于中西部地区，因此将鹦鹉羽毛的光合生理生态特性与欧亚水仙（Myriophyllum spicatum L.）和水仙（Myriophyllum spicatum x Myriophyllum sibiricum）的杂交菌株进行了比较。在0 ~ 35°C温度范围内，潜水鹦鹉羽毛的可变荧光与最大荧光之比（Fv/Fm）平均为0.80和0.65，在>； 40°C温度范围内下降。此外，浸泡叶片在0 ~ 10℃和40 ~ 45℃的温度下，光系统II的光适应量子产率最低。在25°C时，水浸鹦鹉的净光合速率最高，平均分别为8.83 μmol m−2 s−1和0.00107 μmol g−1 s−1 FW。潜水鹦鹉羽毛的碳同化速率显著低于欧亚和杂交百翼。最后，在4°C和25°C条件下，沉鹦鹉羽毛的光补偿点均低于其他膜，值≤ 55 μmol m−2 s−1。根据目前的光合生理生态数据，这些肉豆蔻植物在接近4°C的温度下保持正光合速率。

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引用次数: 0

Obituary: Researcher and expert advisor Søren Wium-Andersen (1941–2025) 讣告：研究员和专家顾问Søren Wium-Andersen （1941-2025）

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103952

Kaj Sand-Jensen, Jens Borum

引用次数: 0

Factors influencing seed germination and seedling establishment of the threatened seagrass, Zostera caespitosa: Implications for seed-based restoration 受威胁海草Zostera caespitosa种子萌发和幼苗建立的影响因素：种子恢复的启示

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103951

Dahyeok Im , Seung Hyeon Kim , Fei Zhang , Zhaxi Suonan , Hyegwang Kim , Young Kyun Kim , Hwi-June Song , Min Ho Son , Kun-Seop Lee

The seagrass Zostera caespitosa is undergoing a notable decline within its native range along the Northeast Asian coast. We examined the effects of the seed source population, salinity (0, 15, and 30 psu), and temperature (5 and 20 °C) on germination rate and subsequent seedling growth under both field and controlled laboratory conditions to assess the potential for seed-based restoration. Seeds collected from Tongyeong (TY seeds) were larger than those from Jangmok Bay (JM seeds), resulting in an increased germination rate; however, seed size did not influence subsequent seedling growth. In the laboratory experiment, the optimal conditions for seed germination (15 psu and 5 °C) differed from those for seedling growth (15 psu and 20 °C), for both seed sources. In the field experiment, the seedling density from TY seeds was significantly higher than that from JM seeds during the first three months following germination, with no significant difference by the end of the experiment. These results suggest that additional environmental or biotic factors, such as competition and herbivory, strongly influenced seedling growth and successful establishment. Overall, our findings provide essential insights into the sexual reproduction of Z. caespitosa for seed-based restoration efforts and contribute to increasing public awareness of the conservation and management of this threatened species.

在东北亚海岸的原生地，海草Zostera caespitosa数量正在显著减少。在野外和实验室控制条件下，研究了种子源种群、盐度（0、15和30 psu）和温度（5和20°C）对发芽率和随后幼苗生长的影响，以评估种子恢复的潜力。统营的种子（TY）比长木湾的种子（JM）大，发芽率高；然而，种子大小不影响随后的幼苗生长。在室内实验中，两种种子源的种子萌发最佳条件（15 psu和5°C）与幼苗生长最佳条件（15 psu和20°C）不同。在田间试验中，TY种子萌发后前3个月的幼苗密度显著高于JM种子，试验结束时差异不显著。这些结果表明，其他环境或生物因素，如竞争和草食，强烈影响幼苗的生长和成功建立。总的来说，我们的研究结果为以种子为基础的恢复工作提供了重要的见解，并有助于提高公众对这一濒危物种的保护和管理意识。

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引用次数: 0

Contrasting leaf photosynthetic trait co-ordination in emergent and floating-leaved plants 生叶和浮叶植物叶片光合特性协调的对比

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103948

Leah Nyawira Ndirangu , Yang Liu , Yu Cao , Wei Li

Emergent and floating-leaved plants share similar root system, but emergent plants extend their leaves above water like terrestrial plants, while floating leaves remain on the surface. Previous studies have demonstrated coordinated variation among photosynthetic traits in terrestrial plants, e.g. vein traits and leaf mass per area (LMA). Nonetheless, the co-ordination of these traits in aquatic plants remains unclear, especially for the emergent and floating-leaved plants. We conducted correlation analysis between leaf vein density and LMA in emergent (67 species) and floating-leaved plants (28 species). In emergent plants, minor veins significantly negatively correlated with LMA and leaf dry mass (LDM), with or without phylogeny correction, resembling the patterns in terrestrial plants. However, neither major nor minor vein density in emergent plants correlated significantly with LDM, indicating that environmental filtering primarily acted on traits per area rather than on the whole-leaf level. In floating-leaved plants, neither major nor minor vein density showed significant correlations with LMA, reflecting reduced needs for water transport or mechanical support from veins. In contrast, LDM correlated negatively with major and minor vein density, but the correlation weakened after phylogenetic correction, confirming that shared ancestry among closely related species in floating-leaved plants affected the trait-trait correlation. These findings highlight distinct adaptive strategies of trait co-ordination between floating-leaved plants and emergent plants and provide a basis for future research on trait-trait relationships in aquatic plants.

新兴植物和浮叶植物的根系相似，但新兴植物的叶子像陆生植物一样伸出水面，而浮叶则停留在水面上。已有研究表明，陆生植物叶脉性状和叶面积质量（LMA）等光合特性之间存在协调变异。尽管如此，水生植物中这些特征的协调仍不清楚，特别是对新兴植物和浮叶植物。研究了新兴植物（67种）和浮叶植物（28种）叶脉密度与LMA的相关性。在新兴植物中，小脉与LMA和叶片干质量（LDM）呈显著负相关，与陆生植物相似，存在或不存在系统发育校正。然而，新兴植物的主脉密度和小脉密度与LDM均不显著相关，表明环境过滤主要作用于单位面积性状而非全叶水平。在浮叶植物中，主脉密度和小脉密度与LMA均无显著相关，反映了叶脉对水分输送和机械支持的需求减少。相比之下，LDM与主脉密度和小脉密度呈负相关，但经过系统发育校正后相关性减弱，证实了浮叶植物中近缘种的共同祖先影响性状-性状相关性。这些发现突出了浮叶植物和新兴植物之间不同的性状协调适应策略，为进一步研究水生植物的性状-性状关系提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Genetically verified mass material of Lemna in temperate East Europe: frequent L. minor – L. × japonica co-occurrence and new records of L. gibba and L. turionifera 东欧温带地区羊草属的遗传确证物质：小羊草与日本羊草的频繁共生和长臂猿羊草与turionifera羊草的新记录

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103950

Polina A. Volkova , Maria O. Ivanova , Lina G. Matieva , Alexander A. Bobrov

Native representatives of the economically important genus Lemna in Europe belong to the taxonomically problematic L. minor complex (in addition to well-distinguishable L. trisulca). Distribution of the taxa from this complex in East Europe and their diagnostic characters are still unclear. We explored 41 waterbodies in the model area of ca. 30 km² in Yaroslavl Region (Russia). We genetically verified (second intron length polymorphism in β-tubulin nuclear gene) taxonomic identity of 175 plants (2–10 plants per site). Lemna minor was the most frequent; either alone (20 sites), or together with L. × japonica (17 sites). In one site we found only L. × japonica. We have not found difference of the type, pH and mineralization of waterbodies with or without L. × japonica . Our quantitative data on mass live material of L. minor and L. × japonica did not support the existence of differences between them on the main diagnostic characters (color and shape of the fronds and sizes of papules on their upper side). We provided the first genetic documentation of L. gibba and L. turionifera occurrence in the region, extending their verified areas. We found flowering Lemna spp. with fully fertile pollen in 12 (29 %) waterbodies of all available types. For the first time we managed to verify genetically taxonomic affiliation of plants, flowering in nature (L. minor and L. × japonica). All genetically tested fruiting plants appeared to be L. minor.

在欧洲具有重要经济意义的Lemna属的本地代表属于分类学上有问题的L. minor复群（除了易于区分的L. trisulca）。该复合体的分类群在东欧的分布及其诊断特征尚不清楚。我们在雅罗斯拉夫尔州（俄罗斯）约30 平方公里的模型区内探索了41个水体。对175株植物（每个位点2 ~ 10株）的分类特性进行了遗传验证（β-微管蛋白核基因第二内含子长度多态性）。小莱姆纳是最常见的；单独（20个位点）或与L. × japonica一起（17个位点）。其中一个地点只发现了L. × japonica。我们没有发现含有或不含有黄颡鱼 的水体的类型、pH和矿化度有差异。我们的大量活体材料的定量数据不支持它们在主要诊断特征（叶的颜色和形状以及上部丘疹的大小）上存在差异。我们首次提供了长臂猿和turionifera在该地区发生的遗传文献，扩大了它们的验证区域。我们在所有可用类型的12个水体中（29% %）发现了有花的Lemna属具有完全可育花粉。首次验证了自然界开花植物（L. minor和L. × japonica）在遗传分类上的亲缘关系。所有经过基因测试的结果植物似乎都是小乳杆菌。

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