Pub Date : 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103941
Joanna Freeland, Marcel Dorken
Genetic data can provide insights into the evolutionary ecology of hybrid zones and may be particularly important for investigating widespread and cryptic hybrids. In North America an expansive hybrid zone comprises the cattails Typha latifolia, T. angustifolia, and their hybrid T. × glauca. This hybrid is a problematic wetland invader that alters ecosystem functioning and reduces biodiversity. It is fertile and produces both backcrossed and advanced-generation hybrids, leading to morphological overlaps with parent species; therefore, genetic data are necessary for understanding the dynamics of this hybrid zone. In this review we summarize some of the ways in which genetic data have helped us to understand this hybrid zone, including the distributions of parent species and hybrids; symmetrical and asymmetrical hybrid crosses; the prevalence of different hybrid classes; hybrid fitness and hybrid breakdown; and gene flow and genetic diversity. We end by identifying some knowledge gaps and future research directions that can help us to further understand what may be the most widespread hybrid macrophyte in North America.
遗传数据可以为杂交带的进化生态学提供见解，对于研究广泛和隐蔽的杂交可能特别重要。在北美，一个广阔的杂交区包括香蒲Typha latifolia， T. angustifolia和它们的杂交T. x glauca。这种杂交物种是一种有问题的湿地入侵者，它改变了生态系统功能，减少了生物多样性。它是可育的，产生回交和高级杂交，导致与亲本物种形态重叠；因此，遗传数据对于了解杂交带的动态是必要的。在本文中，我们总结了遗传数据帮助我们了解这一杂交带的一些方法，包括亲本种和杂交种的分布；对称和不对称杂交；不同杂交类的流行；杂交适应度与杂交分解；基因流动和基因多样性。最后，我们确定了一些知识空白和未来的研究方向，可以帮助我们进一步了解什么可能是北美最广泛的杂交大型植物。
{"title":"Genetic data facilitate research into a widespread and invasive cattail (Typha × glauca) hybrid zone in North America","authors":"Joanna Freeland, Marcel Dorken","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genetic data can provide insights into the evolutionary ecology of hybrid zones and may be particularly important for investigating widespread and cryptic hybrids. In North America an expansive hybrid zone comprises the cattails <em>Typha latifolia, T. angustifolia,</em> and their hybrid <em>T.</em> × <em>glauca.</em> This hybrid is a problematic wetland invader that alters ecosystem functioning and reduces biodiversity. It is fertile and produces both backcrossed and advanced-generation hybrids, leading to morphological overlaps with parent species; therefore, genetic data are necessary for understanding the dynamics of this hybrid zone. In this review we summarize some of the ways in which genetic data have helped us to understand this hybrid zone, including the distributions of parent species and hybrids; symmetrical and asymmetrical hybrid crosses; the prevalence of different hybrid classes; hybrid fitness and hybrid breakdown; and gene flow and genetic diversity. We end by identifying some knowledge gaps and future research directions that can help us to further understand what may be the most widespread hybrid macrophyte in North America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103941"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103930
Meiying Wang, Ming Jiang, Bo Liu, Wenguang Zhang, Yuanchun Zou
Bolboschoenus planiculmis and Phragmites australis are two wetland plants found in Momoge National Nature Reserve (MNNR) in northeastern China. Recently, the water depth in this region has substantially increased during peak plant growth phases due to return flow from nearby paddy fields. The total nitrogen (TN) concentration of the water in the wetland’s inlet is 1.153 ± 0.112 mg/L. During this study, artificial ponds were used to simulate these natural changes. Experiments were then conducted to examine the response of growth, the ramet number, the biomass accumulation, and the allocation of the two aforementioned species in different hydroperiods (a static water depth and an increasing water depth) and soil nitrogen conditions (0.5, 1.1, and 1.7 mg g⁻¹ TN). We found that P. australis demonstrated a significantly higher biomass accumulation, plant height, and ramet number under the greater water depth compared to the 30 cm static water depth. In contrast, B. planiculmis’ values were substantially lower under the increasing water depth than those under the 10 cm static water depth. P. australis exhibited an initial increase followed by a decline in response to nitrogen addition, independent of hydroperiod conditions. Conversely, under static water conditions, B. planiculmis’ total biomass and aboveground biomass increased significantly with the addition of nitrogen. This indicates that the interaction between the nitrogen supply and the hydroperiod of wetland plants is species-specific and dependent on nitrogen availability. Although an increased nitrogen supply resulted in higher belowground biomass, plant height, and ramet and tuber numbers for B. planiculmis under the increasing water depth, these values were still significantly lower than those under the static water conditions. This indicates that nitrogen enrichment did not counteract the negative effects of the increasing water depth on B. planiculmis’ growth. The findings of this experiment will help predict the vegetation dynamics of MNNR wetlands under future habitat changes driven by the return flow from paddy fields.
{"title":"Differential responses of Bolboschoenus planiculmis and Phragmites australis to hydroperiod and nitrogen supply","authors":"Meiying Wang, Ming Jiang, Bo Liu, Wenguang Zhang, Yuanchun Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bolboschoenus planiculmis</em> and <em>Phragmites australis</em> are two wetland plants found in Momoge National Nature Reserve (MNNR) in northeastern China. Recently, the water depth in this region has substantially increased during peak plant growth phases due to return flow from nearby paddy fields. The total nitrogen (TN) concentration of the water in the wetland’s inlet is 1.153 ± 0.112 mg/L. During this study, artificial ponds were used to simulate these natural changes. Experiments were then conducted to examine the response of growth, the ramet number, the biomass accumulation, and the allocation of the two aforementioned species in different hydroperiods (a static water depth and an increasing water depth) and soil nitrogen conditions (0.5, 1.1, and 1.7 mg g⁻¹ TN). We found that <em>P. australis</em> demonstrated a significantly higher biomass accumulation, plant height, and ramet number under the greater water depth compared to the 30 cm static water depth. In contrast, <em>B. planiculmis’</em> values were substantially lower under the increasing water depth than those under the 10 cm static water depth. <em>P. australis</em> exhibited an initial increase followed by a decline in response to nitrogen addition, independent of hydroperiod conditions. Conversely, under static water conditions, <em>B. planiculmis’</em> total biomass and aboveground biomass increased significantly with the addition of nitrogen. This indicates that the interaction between the nitrogen supply and the hydroperiod of wetland plants is species-specific and dependent on nitrogen availability. Although an increased nitrogen supply resulted in higher belowground biomass, plant height, and ramet and tuber numbers for <em>B. planiculmis</em> under the increasing water depth, these values were still significantly lower than those under the static water conditions. This indicates that nitrogen enrichment did not counteract the negative effects of the increasing water depth on <em>B. planiculmis’</em> growth<em>.</em> The findings of this experiment will help predict the vegetation dynamics of MNNR wetlands under future habitat changes driven by the return flow from paddy fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-13DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103929
Alena-Maria Maidel, Hendrik Schubert
Charophytes (Charophyceae) are submerged macrophytes that play an important ecological role. They provide food and shelter and consequently are often used as bioindicators for water quality. However, species identification remains challenging due to purported broad morphological plasticity. This study investigates the morphological, physiological, and pigment-based acclimation behaviour of Chara virgata Kütz. and Chara globularis Thuill. under controlled light and temperature conditions in order to clarify which traits can be used for species identification. Chara virgata exhibited relatively stable morphological traits across all conditions, with photosynthetic responses primarily driven by light availability. Depending on the prevailing light and temperature conditions, C. virgata exhibited no discernible pattern of elongation in the upper row of stipulodes. In contrast, C. globularis displayed significant morphological plasticity, elongating internodes under low-light and at higher temperatures, with pigment composition adjusting in response to temperature conditions. Moreover, the length of the upper row of stipulodes remained constant within the experimental conditions. These differences align with their respective habitat preferences. Chara virgata predominantly occurs in shallow water with large fluctuations of temperature and irradiance whereas C. globularis prefers greater depths with more stable temperature conditions. The study further demonstrates that vegetative parameters, such as stipulode length, can vary with environmental conditions, limiting their reliability for species identification. These results emphasise the need to integrate physiological traits for a robust classification of charophyte species, and reinforce the idea of including reproductive traits in the determination keys to clearly identify these two species.
Charophytes （Charophyceae）是一种水下大型植物，具有重要的生态作用。它们提供食物和住所，因此经常被用作水质的生物指标。然而，由于广泛的形态可塑性，物种鉴定仍然具有挑战性。本研究探讨了紫叶查拉（Chara virgata k tz）的形态、生理和色素驯化行为。和球状星Chara thill。在受控的光照和温度条件下，以阐明哪些性状可用于物种鉴定。在所有条件下，柽柳都表现出相对稳定的形态特征，光合反应主要受光效的驱动。在不同的光照和温度条件下，柽柳茎柄上排没有明显的伸长规律。相比之下，C. globullaris在低光照和高温条件下表现出显著的形态可塑性，节间延长，色素成分随温度变化而调整。此外，在实验条件下，茎柄上排的长度保持不变。这些差异与它们各自的栖息地偏好有关。virgata主要发生在温度和辐照度波动较大的浅水中，而C. globularis则喜欢温度条件稳定的更深的水域。该研究进一步表明，茎叶长度等营养参数会随着环境条件的变化而变化，从而限制了它们在物种鉴定中的可靠性。这些结果强调了整合生理性状对叶藻物种分类的必要性，并加强了将生殖性状纳入确定关键的想法，以清楚地识别这两个物种。
{"title":"Morphological and physiological traits of two closely related charophyte species: Chara virgata Kütz. and C. globularis Thuill.","authors":"Alena-Maria Maidel, Hendrik Schubert","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Charophytes (Charophyceae) are submerged macrophytes that play an important ecological role. They provide food and shelter and consequently are often used as bioindicators for water quality. However, species identification remains challenging due to purported broad morphological plasticity. This study investigates the morphological, physiological, and pigment-based acclimation behaviour of <em>Chara virgata</em> Kütz. and <em>Chara globularis</em> Thuill. under controlled light and temperature conditions in order to clarify which traits can be used for species identification. <em>Chara virgata</em> exhibited relatively stable morphological traits across all conditions, with photosynthetic responses primarily driven by light availability. Depending on the prevailing light and temperature conditions, <em>C. virgata</em> exhibited no discernible pattern of elongation in the upper row of stipulodes. In contrast, <em>C. globularis</em> displayed significant morphological plasticity, elongating internodes under low-light and at higher temperatures, with pigment composition adjusting in response to temperature conditions. Moreover, the length of the upper row of stipulodes remained constant within the experimental conditions. These differences align with their respective habitat preferences. <em>Chara virgata</em> predominantly occurs in shallow water with large fluctuations of temperature and irradiance whereas <em>C. globularis</em> prefers greater depths with more stable temperature conditions. The study further demonstrates that vegetative parameters, such as stipulode length, can vary with environmental conditions, limiting their reliability for species identification. These results emphasise the need to integrate physiological traits for a robust classification of charophyte species, and reinforce the idea of including reproductive traits in the determination keys to clearly identify these two species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103928
Nicholas P. Tippery
Aquatic plants are diverse and widespread, representing one of the most profound examples of convergent evolution. Although they are fairly well understood as lineages in isolation, there have been few comprehensive syntheses of all aquatic plant species worldwide. The opportunity for a broad study of aquatic plant evolution has been enabled by the accumulation of abundant molecular, morphological, and biogeographical data in recent years, as well as associated analysis methods. The current study utilizes available data to evaluate angiosperm phylogenetic relationships, focusing on lineages with one or more aquatic species, and to reconstruct the ancestral timing and biogeography of lineages that became aquatic. It was estimated that there were 604 independent origins of the aquatic habit, resulting in 3427 extant aquatic species. The frequency of aquatic origins apparently increased over several time periods, relative to the diversification rate of terrestrial angiosperms. Aquatic plant species most commonly exhibit the hyperhydrate (emergent) growth form, which characterizes the majority of extant species and likely represents a common ancestral habit for most aquatic lineages. Potential limitations of the current study are discussed, including data quality, ancestral biogeography and dating methods, and the uncertainty associated with defining aquatic plants. This study should serve as a foundation for future research into aquatic plant evolution and the development of a phylogenetically informed growth form classification for aquatic plants.
{"title":"Using molecular phylogenetic analyses to assess the timing and biogeography of aquatic plant origins","authors":"Nicholas P. Tippery","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic plants are diverse and widespread, representing one of the most profound examples of convergent evolution. Although they are fairly well understood as lineages in isolation, there have been few comprehensive syntheses of all aquatic plant species worldwide. The opportunity for a broad study of aquatic plant evolution has been enabled by the accumulation of abundant molecular, morphological, and biogeographical data in recent years, as well as associated analysis methods. The current study utilizes available data to evaluate angiosperm phylogenetic relationships, focusing on lineages with one or more aquatic species, and to reconstruct the ancestral timing and biogeography of lineages that became aquatic. It was estimated that there were 604 independent origins of the aquatic habit, resulting in 3427 extant aquatic species. The frequency of aquatic origins apparently increased over several time periods, relative to the diversification rate of terrestrial angiosperms. Aquatic plant species most commonly exhibit the hyperhydrate (emergent) growth form, which characterizes the majority of extant species and likely represents a common ancestral habit for most aquatic lineages. Potential limitations of the current study are discussed, including data quality, ancestral biogeography and dating methods, and the uncertainty associated with defining aquatic plants. This study should serve as a foundation for future research into aquatic plant evolution and the development of a phylogenetically informed growth form classification for aquatic plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 103928"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103925
Maria Lyn M. Magcanta-Mortos , Albaris B. Tahiluddin , John Marlan R. Mortos , Nonillon M. Aspe , Jesrelljane Aaron-Amper , Venus E. Leopardas , Wilfredo H. Uy
Sargassum species are ecologically and economically significant marine macroalgae with potential applications in food, pharmaceuticals, biofuel production, and coastal habitat restoration. While Sargassum hatchery and mariculture techniques are well-documented in China and South Korea, research specific to the Philippines remains limited. This review examines the distribution, seasonality, and cultivation practices of Sargassum in the Philippines, emphasizing the biological and socio-economic factors affecting its successful farming. Unlike temperate regions where growth is highly seasonal, Philippine Sargassum populations exhibit year-round growth with peak biomass during cooler months (November-February). Challenges such as substrate instability, biofouling, and predation hinder large-scale out-planting, while socio-economic barriers include a lack of policy support, infrastructure, and fluctuating market demand. Existing hatchery-based techniques, such as zygote liberation and vegetative fragmentation, show promise but require optimization to enhance survival and productivity. Future research should focus on refining grow-out conditions, improving out-planting success, and developing sustainable farming models suited to Philippine coastal environments. With targeted investments in research, policy, and industry collaboration, Sargassum mariculture in the Philippines has the potential to support economic development while promoting marine conservation.
{"title":"Sargassum hatchery-based cultivation and mariculture techniques in the Philippines: Practices, challenges, and future prospects","authors":"Maria Lyn M. Magcanta-Mortos , Albaris B. Tahiluddin , John Marlan R. Mortos , Nonillon M. Aspe , Jesrelljane Aaron-Amper , Venus E. Leopardas , Wilfredo H. Uy","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Sargassum</em> species are ecologically and economically significant marine macroalgae with potential applications in food, pharmaceuticals, biofuel production, and coastal habitat restoration. While <em>Sargassum</em> hatchery and mariculture techniques are well-documented in China and South Korea, research specific to the Philippines remains limited. This review examines the distribution, seasonality, and cultivation practices of <em>Sargassum</em> in the Philippines, emphasizing the biological and socio-economic factors affecting its successful farming. Unlike temperate regions where growth is highly seasonal, Philippine <em>Sargassum</em> populations exhibit year-round growth with peak biomass during cooler months (November-February). Challenges such as substrate instability, biofouling, and predation hinder large-scale out-planting, while socio-economic barriers include a lack of policy support, infrastructure, and fluctuating market demand. Existing hatchery-based techniques, such as zygote liberation and vegetative fragmentation, show promise but require optimization to enhance survival and productivity. Future research should focus on refining grow-out conditions, improving out-planting success, and developing sustainable farming models suited to Philippine coastal environments. With targeted investments in research, policy, and industry collaboration, <em>Sargassum</em> mariculture in the Philippines has the potential to support economic development while promoting marine conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103925"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103926
Alexi Ebersole , James E. Kaldy , Cayla Sullivan , Angel Dieppa , Ivelisse Cappielo Cosme , Marco Orizondo Lugo
The seagrass Halophila stipulacea is native to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, and since entering the Caribbean in 2002 has spread rapidly throughout the eastern islands including Puerto Rico, and as far as Venezuela and Florida, USA. Despite the research attention to potential ecosystem disruption from H. stipulacea there is little data on the morphology and plant characteristics (e.g. biomass and density) of these new populations. In 2022 we surveyed shallow seagrass communities at 10 sites in 3 bays and characterized plant traits. H. stipulacea was present at 50 % of the sites. We measured leaf morphology on individual shoots, and collected samples for biomass, density, and leaf C:N:P. Density estimates ranged from 3000 to over 11,000 shoots m−2 and biomass varied from 65 and 266 gdw m−2. Mean leaf C:N:P varied between 393:18:1 and 772:27:1 with no strong indications of nutrient limitation. Leaf lengths ranged between 3.7 and 5.4 cm, width varied between 6.7 and 8 mm, with resulting leaf areas ranging between 2 and 3.5 cm2. H. stipulacea leaf area index ranged between 0.6 and 3.9 m2 leaf m2 sediment, with higher LAI values represent a mechanism of self-shading in shallow, clear waters. The range expansion and H. stipulacea beds observed in this study provide supporting evidence that the Caribbean seagrass landscape is changing. Establishing long-term seagrass mapping and monitoring programs would help to assess the impact of this changing seagrass landscape.
{"title":"Plant characteristics of the non-native seagrass Halophila stipulacea in recently colonized beds of Puerto Rico","authors":"Alexi Ebersole , James E. Kaldy , Cayla Sullivan , Angel Dieppa , Ivelisse Cappielo Cosme , Marco Orizondo Lugo","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seagrass <em>Halophila stipulacea</em> is native to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, and since entering the Caribbean in 2002 has spread rapidly throughout the eastern islands including Puerto Rico, and as far as Venezuela and Florida, USA. Despite the research attention to potential ecosystem disruption from <em>H. stipulacea</em> there is little data on the morphology and plant characteristics (e.g. biomass and density) of these new populations. In 2022 we surveyed shallow seagrass communities at 10 sites in 3 bays and characterized plant traits. <em>H. stipulacea</em> was present at 50 % of the sites. We measured leaf morphology on individual shoots, and collected samples for biomass, density, and leaf C:N:P. Density estimates ranged from 3000 to over 11,000 shoots m<sup>−2</sup> and biomass varied from 65 and 266 gdw m<sup>−2</sup>. Mean leaf C:N:P varied between 393:18:1 and 772:27:1 with no strong indications of nutrient limitation. Leaf lengths ranged between 3.7 and 5.4 cm, width varied between 6.7 and 8 mm, with resulting leaf areas ranging between 2 and 3.5 cm<sup>2</sup>. <em>H. stipulacea</em> leaf area index ranged between 0.6 and 3.9 m<sup>2</sup> leaf m<sup>2</sup> sediment, with higher LAI values represent a mechanism of self-shading in shallow, clear waters. The range expansion and <em>H. stipulacea</em> beds observed in this study provide supporting evidence that the Caribbean seagrass landscape is changing. Establishing long-term seagrass mapping and monitoring programs would help to assess the impact of this changing seagrass landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103926"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103924
Jens P. Beets , Kara J. Foley , Benjamin P. Sperry , Andrew W. Howell , Robert J. Richardson
Hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f. Royle)] is an invasive submersed plant first documented in the United States (US) in the 1950s. Until recently, only two distinct strains of hydrilla, hereafter referred to as biotypes, were recorded in the US with both belonging to the same clade and characterized as either ‘monoecious’ or ‘dioecious’. In 2016, a third genetically distinct biotype (‘clade C’) was identified in the lower Connecticut River, Connecticut. Trials were conducted at two geographically unique locations within North Carolina to compare growth and reproduction of hydrilla biotypes by climatic conditions. Nominal differences were observed in peak aboveground biomass, relative growth rate, or occurrence of these metrics among the three hydrilla biotypes, although the predicted peak biomass for dioecious hydrilla did not occur during the study period. Monoecious hydrilla exhibited lower peak belowground biomass than dioecious and clade C hydrilla despite its abundant subterranean turion production. Monoecious hydrilla exhibited 1.8X greater aboveground biomass 180 days after planting (Julian day 304) than clade C hydrilla. Clade C hydrilla produced 74 axillary turions per plant on Julian day 304, which equates to a 2.3X increase over monoecious hydrilla and 61.5X increase over dioecious hydrilla. Conversely, subterranean turion production was 4.7 and 7.1X higher in monoecious hydrilla and dioecious hydrilla than clade C hydrilla, respectively. These studies suggest the clade C hydrilla displays many phenological similarities to the other two biotypes in the US, but its prodigious axillary turion production poses concerning implications for potential to spread and persistence following management.
{"title":"Growth patterns of three Hydrilla verticillata biotypes in the United States","authors":"Jens P. Beets , Kara J. Foley , Benjamin P. Sperry , Andrew W. Howell , Robert J. Richardson","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrilla [<em>Hydrilla verticillata</em> (L.f. Royle)] is an invasive submersed plant first documented in the United States (US) in the 1950s. Until recently, only two distinct strains of hydrilla, hereafter referred to as biotypes, were recorded in the US with both belonging to the same clade and characterized as either ‘monoecious’ or ‘dioecious’. In 2016, a third genetically distinct biotype (‘clade C’) was identified in the lower Connecticut River, Connecticut. Trials were conducted at two geographically unique locations within North Carolina to compare growth and reproduction of hydrilla biotypes by climatic conditions. Nominal differences were observed in peak aboveground biomass, relative growth rate, or occurrence of these metrics among the three hydrilla biotypes, although the predicted peak biomass for dioecious hydrilla did not occur during the study period. Monoecious hydrilla exhibited lower peak belowground biomass than dioecious and clade C hydrilla despite its abundant subterranean turion production. Monoecious hydrilla exhibited 1.8X greater aboveground biomass 180 days after planting (Julian day 304) than clade C hydrilla. Clade C hydrilla produced 74 axillary turions per plant on Julian day 304, which equates to a 2.3X increase over monoecious hydrilla and 61.5X increase over dioecious hydrilla. Conversely, subterranean turion production was 4.7 and 7.1X higher in monoecious hydrilla and dioecious hydrilla than clade C hydrilla, respectively. These studies suggest the clade C hydrilla displays many phenological similarities to the other two biotypes in the US, but its prodigious axillary turion production poses concerning implications for potential to spread and persistence following management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103923
Qingfeng Zhang , Nora Kainz , Gabriel Ferreira , Michael Kühl , Kasper Elgetti Brodersen
Leaf epiphytes have potential to reduce seagrasses nighttime O2 supply leading to microbial production of greenhouse gases and phytotoxins that may be harmful to the plant. However, it remains unknown how global warming affects anaerobic processes like denitrification and sulfate reduction in the seagrass phyllopshere during darkness. We used electrochemical microsensors to measure gradients of O2, NO, N2O and H2S in the leaf microenvironment of heavily epiphyte-covered seagrass (Zostera marina L.) during darkness as a function of temperature at 14 and 24 °C. Increasing seawater temperature stimulated phytotoxic H2S production and accumulation within anoxic seagrass phyllospheres in darkness, which can be harmful to the plant as H2S readily diffuses through the thin cuticle of seagrass leaves. The seagrass phyllosphere also exhibited production of NO, which was diffusing into the plant as measured in the basal leaf meristem, as well as the potent greenhouse gas N2O during darkness. Increased temperature and reduced O2 availability in the water-column, e.g., during marine heatwaves in eutrofied waters, can thus induce hostile chemical conditions in the seagrass phyllosphere that potentially can be detrimental for the plant’s performance and ecological function. The phyllosphere dynamics of NO and N2O displayed limited response to increasing seawater temperatures as compared to H2S, but the N2O production in epiphyte-covered seagrass leaves and subsequent emission to the surrounding seawater could have implications for the role of seagrass meadows in greenhouse gas mitigation.
{"title":"Effects of increasing temperature on NO, N2O and H2S production and dynamics within epiphytic seagrass leaf biofilms","authors":"Qingfeng Zhang , Nora Kainz , Gabriel Ferreira , Michael Kühl , Kasper Elgetti Brodersen","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leaf epiphytes have potential to reduce seagrasses nighttime O<sub>2</sub> supply leading to microbial production of greenhouse gases and phytotoxins that may be harmful to the plant. However, it remains unknown how global warming affects anaerobic processes like denitrification and sulfate reduction in the seagrass phyllopshere during darkness. We used electrochemical microsensors to measure gradients of O<sub>2</sub>, NO, N<sub>2</sub>O and H<sub>2</sub>S in the leaf microenvironment of heavily epiphyte-covered seagrass (<em>Zostera marina</em> L.) during darkness as a function of temperature at 14 and 24 °C. Increasing seawater temperature stimulated phytotoxic H<sub>2</sub>S production and accumulation within anoxic seagrass phyllospheres in darkness, which can be harmful to the plant as H<sub>2</sub>S readily diffuses through the thin cuticle of seagrass leaves. The seagrass phyllosphere also exhibited production of NO, which was diffusing into the plant as measured in the basal leaf meristem, as well as the potent greenhouse gas N<sub>2</sub>O during darkness. Increased temperature and reduced O<sub>2</sub> availability in the water-column, e.g., during marine heatwaves in eutrofied waters, can thus induce hostile chemical conditions in the seagrass phyllosphere that potentially can be detrimental for the plant’s performance and ecological function. The phyllosphere dynamics of NO and N<sub>2</sub>O displayed limited response to increasing seawater temperatures as compared to H<sub>2</sub>S, but the N<sub>2</sub>O production in epiphyte-covered seagrass leaves and subsequent emission to the surrounding seawater could have implications for the role of seagrass meadows in greenhouse gas mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103923"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103921
Madison A. Lytle , Michael E. Wheeler
Halodule wrightii is a tropical, euryhaline, dioecious seagrass found in marine waters of the western Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Brazil and the Gulf of Mexico to its northern limit in North Carolina. For seagrasses, sexual reproduction can serve as a resilience mechanism, with seed banks supporting re-establishment and recovery following a stress event. However, environmental stress may limit sexual reproduction due to high energetic costs. H. wrightii in North Carolina was previously thought to rely exclusively on asexual reproduction, with no confirmed reports of fully developed seeds and only a single historical account of flowering. Here, we report field observations of female and male flowers, fruits, and fully developed seeds in the sediment confirming that H. wrightii is capable of successful sexual reproduction at its northern range limit. These findings challenge prior assumptions and highlight the need for future research into the ecological and environmental factors influencing sexual reproduction (e.g. flower formation, timing of pollination, fruit development) and the role it plays in shaping genetic diversity in edge-of-range H. wrigthii populations.
{"title":"Evidence of Halodule wrightii flower and seed production at its northern range extent in the western North Atlantic (USA)","authors":"Madison A. Lytle , Michael E. Wheeler","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Halodule wrightii</em> is a tropical, euryhaline, dioecious seagrass found in marine waters of the western Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Brazil and the Gulf of Mexico to its northern limit in North Carolina. For seagrasses, sexual reproduction can serve as a resilience mechanism, with seed banks supporting re-establishment and recovery following a stress event. However, environmental stress may limit sexual reproduction due to high energetic costs. <em>H. wrightii</em> in North Carolina was previously thought to rely exclusively on asexual reproduction, with no confirmed reports of fully developed seeds and only a single historical account of flowering. Here, we report field observations of female and male flowers, fruits, and fully developed seeds in the sediment confirming that <em>H. wrightii</em> is capable of successful sexual reproduction at its northern range limit. These findings challenge prior assumptions and highlight the need for future research into the ecological and environmental factors influencing sexual reproduction (e.g. flower formation, timing of pollination, fruit development) and the role it plays in shaping genetic diversity in edge-of-range <em>H. wrigthii</em> populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Arabian Gulf is home to three tropical seagrass species, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis and H. stipulacea, which together cover an area of ∼ 6 % of the world’s seagrass distribution. To date, seagrass flowers and fruits have never been documented in this region. In March 2025, we conducted a sampling survey in four locations along Abu Dhabi’s coastline and here report for the first time on the presence of both flowers and fruits for H. ovalis in two studied sites, H. stipulacea flowers in another site. No flowers nor fruits were found for H. uninervis from any of the four investigated populations. One H. ovalis population had more than 46 % of plants bearing flowers, while other populations exhibited very limited numbers of flowering individuals, demonstrating highly variable sexual reproductive effort among different seagrass species and populations in the region. Our findings fill a critical gap in knowledge in the regional seagrass biology and offer important implications in seagrass research and restoration activities across the Arabian Gulf.
{"title":"Flowers from the sea: First record of seagrass flowers in the Arabian Gulf","authors":"Hung Manh Nguyen, Sajin Velakkandy, Aadil Yahiya Koothuparambil, Viliame Waqalevu, Elise Marquis","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Arabian Gulf is home to three tropical seagrass species, <em>Halodule uninervis</em>, <em>Halophila ovalis</em> and <em>H. stipulacea</em>, which together cover an area of ∼ 6 % of the world’s seagrass distribution. To date, seagrass flowers and fruits have never been documented in this region. In March 2025, we conducted a sampling survey in four locations along Abu Dhabi’s coastline and here report for the first time on the presence of both flowers and fruits for <em>H. ovalis</em> in two studied sites, <em>H. stipulacea</em> flowers in another site. No flowers nor fruits were found for <em>H. uninervis</em> from any of the four investigated populations. One <em>H. ovalis</em> population had more than 46 % of plants bearing flowers, while other populations exhibited very limited numbers of flowering individuals, demonstrating highly variable sexual reproductive effort among different seagrass species and populations in the region. Our findings fill a critical gap in knowledge in the regional seagrass biology and offer important implications in seagrass research and restoration activities across the Arabian Gulf.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 103922"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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