Aquatic Botany最新文献_第6页

Preliminary assessment of a nutrient pollution indicator for application to tropical seagrasses of Puerto Rico 波多黎各热带海草营养物污染指标的初步评价

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103903

James E. Kaldy , Cayla Sullivan , Angel Dieppa , Evelyn Huertas , Mark Reiss , Izabela Wojtenko , Julia Perzley , Ivelisse Cappielo Cosme , Marco Orizondo Lugo

Seagrass health is often used as an indicator of water quality and plant tissue nitrogen content has long been used as an indicator of nitrogen availability, but it is not a sensitive early indicator of nutrient over enrichment. A critical characteristic for an early indicator is that it can detect increased nutrient availability before seagrasses die. The seagrass nutrient pollution indicator (NPI) integrates leaf tissue nitrogen content and leaf areal mass to track nutrient loading. We assess the underlying assumptions associated with the NPI metric and explore the application of the metric to three tropical seagrasses Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii, and Halophila stipulacea. In June 2022 we sampled ten seagrass sites across three embayments in Puerto Rico. We used water column and sediment nutrient measurements, seagrass stable isotope analyses (%N and δ¹⁵N) and we made morphological measurements (leaf areal mass, mg dry weight cm ⁻²) to evaluate the NPI relative to anticipated environmental gradients. T. testudinum sheath material, H. wrightii and H. stipulacea met the assumptions of the NPI method, suggesting that the NPI metric may be applied to these tropical species. Jobos Bay sites had isotopically light δ¹⁵N values suggesting that either local N fixation or import of allochthonous N fixation are dominant sources. In Guánica Bay, heavy δ¹⁵N values suggest either wastewater inputs or internal recycling of N are the dominant source. Additional research is required, but the evidence suggests that with further development and validation the NPI metric with δ¹⁵N could be appropriate for tropical seagrass species.

海草健康状况常被用作水质指标，植物组织氮含量长期被用作氮有效性指标，但它不是养分过度富集的敏感早期指标。早期指标的一个关键特征是，它可以在海草死亡之前检测到营养供应的增加。海草养分污染指标（NPI）综合了叶片组织氮含量和叶片面积质量来跟踪养分负荷。我们评估了与NPI度量相关的基本假设，并探索了该度量在三种热带海草（海草）上的应用。海草包括：海草（Thalassia testudinum）、白盐藻（Halodule wrightii）和托叶盐藻（Halophila tolacea）。2022年6月，我们在波多黎各的三个海湾取样了10个海草地点。我们使用水柱和沉积物养分测量、海草稳定同位素分析（%N和δ15N）以及形态学测量（叶面积质量，mg干重cm - 2）来评估相对于预期环境梯度的NPI。剑齿苋鞘材、白花剑齿苋和托马剑齿苋满足NPI方法的假设，表明NPI度量可以应用于这些热带物种。Jobos Bay遗址的δ15N同位素值较轻，表明本地固氮或外来固氮是主要来源。在Guánica湾，重δ15N值表明废水输入或内部循环是N的主要来源。虽然还需要进一步的研究，但有证据表明，随着进一步的开发和验证，δ15N的NPI度量可能适用于热带海草物种。

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引用次数: 0

Rhodolith beds in the Eastern Tropical Pacific: Habitat structure and associated biodiversity 东热带太平洋Rhodolith床：生境结构及相关生物多样性

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103914

Celeste A. Diaz-Licona , Nadine Schubert , Vladimir González-Gamboa , Fernando Tuya , Juan Carlos Azofeifa-Solano , Cindy Fernández-García

Rhodolith beds (RBs) are globally distributed marine benthic habitats and recognized biodiversity hotspots of conservation interest. However, considerable regions of the world’s oceans remain unknown in terms of the presence, distribution, structure, and associated biodiversity of such habitats. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), even basic information about these habitats is still extremely scarce. To fill this gap, we characterized the habitat structure and associated biodiversity of four shallow-water RBs at Cocos Island, Costa Rica. Specifically, information regarding rhodolith structural attributes (size, morphology, and CaCO₃ content), as well as habitat characteristics (rhodolith nodule density, biomass and CaCO₃ standing stocks) were collected. Moreover, the diversity and abundance of associated organisms, including macroalgae, invertebrates and fishes, were determined. Our study shows that Cocos Island harbors dense RBs (1100 to >4500 nodules m⁻²) with substantial carbonate stocks (14–22 kg m⁻²), which provide habitats for a wide array of species (158 recorded species). This study adds 58 new records of RB-associated species to previously published records for the island, which increases the total number of species to 316, including 51 species endemic to the ETP and four species categorized as vulnerable by the IUCN. Our results also indicate that community composition and abundance of organisms vary among RBs, likely due to differences in rhodolith morphologies and sizes and/or local environmental conditions. Further research efforts are warranted to identify the drivers for these differences, as well as expanding studies towards other RBs at Cocos Island and in the ETP in general.

Rhodolith beds （RBs）是全球分布的海洋底栖生物栖息地，也是公认的生物多样性保护热点。然而，就这种栖息地的存在、分布、结构和相关的生物多样性而言，世界海洋的相当大区域仍然是未知的。在东热带太平洋（ETP），即使是关于这些栖息地的基本信息仍然非常稀缺。为了填补这一空白，我们对哥斯达黎加Cocos岛4种浅水RBs的栖息地结构和相关生物多样性进行了表征。具体而言，收集了有关rhodolith结构属性（大小，形态和CaCO3含量）以及栖息地特征（rhodolith结节密度，生物量和CaCO3常绿储量）的信息。此外，还确定了相关生物的多样性和丰度，包括大型藻类，无脊椎动物和鱼类。我们的研究表明，Cocos岛拥有密集的RBs（1100至>；4500结核m−2）和大量的碳酸盐储量（14-22 kg m−2），为各种物种（158种记录物种）提供了栖息地。本次研究为该岛屿新增了58个与rb相关的物种记录，使物种总数增加到316个，其中包括51个ETP特有物种和4个被IUCN列为易危物种。我们的研究结果还表明，由于rhodolith的形态和大小以及/或当地环境条件的差异，不同的RBs之间的群落组成和丰度存在差异。进一步的研究工作需要确定这些差异的驱动因素，并将研究扩展到Cocos岛和ETP的其他苏格兰皇家银行。

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引用次数: 0

Growth patterns of three Hydrilla verticillata biotypes in the United States 美国三种水螅生物型的生长模式

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103924

Jens P. Beets , Kara J. Foley , Benjamin P. Sperry , Andrew W. Howell , Robert J. Richardson

Hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f. Royle)] is an invasive submersed plant first documented in the United States (US) in the 1950s. Until recently, only two distinct strains of hydrilla, hereafter referred to as biotypes, were recorded in the US with both belonging to the same clade and characterized as either ‘monoecious’ or ‘dioecious’. In 2016, a third genetically distinct biotype (‘clade C’) was identified in the lower Connecticut River, Connecticut. Trials were conducted at two geographically unique locations within North Carolina to compare growth and reproduction of hydrilla biotypes by climatic conditions. Nominal differences were observed in peak aboveground biomass, relative growth rate, or occurrence of these metrics among the three hydrilla biotypes, although the predicted peak biomass for dioecious hydrilla did not occur during the study period. Monoecious hydrilla exhibited lower peak belowground biomass than dioecious and clade C hydrilla despite its abundant subterranean turion production. Monoecious hydrilla exhibited 1.8X greater aboveground biomass 180 days after planting (Julian day 304) than clade C hydrilla. Clade C hydrilla produced 74 axillary turions per plant on Julian day 304, which equates to a 2.3X increase over monoecious hydrilla and 61.5X increase over dioecious hydrilla. Conversely, subterranean turion production was 4.7 and 7.1X higher in monoecious hydrilla and dioecious hydrilla than clade C hydrilla, respectively. These studies suggest the clade C hydrilla displays many phenological similarities to the other two biotypes in the US, but its prodigious axillary turion production poses concerning implications for potential to spread and persistence following management.

水螅[Hydrilla verticillata (l.f. Royle)]是一种入侵的水下植物，于20世纪50年代在美国首次记录。直到最近，在美国只记录了两种不同的水螅菌株，以下称为生物型，它们属于同一进化支，并被描述为“雌雄同株”或“雌雄异株”。2016年，在康涅狄格州的康涅狄格河下游发现了第三种遗传上独特的生物型（“进化枝C”）。试验在北卡罗来纳州的两个地理位置独特的地方进行，以比较气候条件下水螅生物型的生长和繁殖。尽管在研究期间雌雄异株水螅的生物量峰值没有出现，但在地上生物量峰值、相对生长率或这些指标的出现情况上，三种水螅生物型均存在名义差异。雌雄同株水螅的地下生物量峰值低于雌雄异株和C支系水螅，尽管其地下生物量丰富。雌雄同株水螅在种植后180天（朱利安日304）的地上生物量是C枝水螅的1.8倍。在304朱利安日，C枝水螅每株产生74个腋生旋转体，相当于比雌雄同株水螅增加2.3倍，比雌雄异株水螅增加61.5倍。相反，雌雄同株水螅和雌雄异株水螅的地下轮产量分别比C支系高4.7倍和7.1倍。这些研究表明，在美国，C枝水鸡在物候上与其他两种生物型有许多相似之处，但其惊人的腋窝turion产量对管理后的传播和持久性具有潜在的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of increasing temperature on NO, N2O and H2S production and dynamics within epiphytic seagrass leaf biofilms 温度升高对附生海草叶片生物膜NO、N2O和H2S生成及动态的影响

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103923

Qingfeng Zhang , Nora Kainz , Gabriel Ferreira , Michael Kühl , Kasper Elgetti Brodersen

Leaf epiphytes have potential to reduce seagrasses nighttime O₂ supply leading to microbial production of greenhouse gases and phytotoxins that may be harmful to the plant. However, it remains unknown how global warming affects anaerobic processes like denitrification and sulfate reduction in the seagrass phyllopshere during darkness. We used electrochemical microsensors to measure gradients of O₂, NO, N₂O and H₂S in the leaf microenvironment of heavily epiphyte-covered seagrass (Zostera marina L.) during darkness as a function of temperature at 14 and 24 °C. Increasing seawater temperature stimulated phytotoxic H₂S production and accumulation within anoxic seagrass phyllospheres in darkness, which can be harmful to the plant as H₂S readily diffuses through the thin cuticle of seagrass leaves. The seagrass phyllosphere also exhibited production of NO, which was diffusing into the plant as measured in the basal leaf meristem, as well as the potent greenhouse gas N₂O during darkness. Increased temperature and reduced O₂ availability in the water-column, e.g., during marine heatwaves in eutrofied waters, can thus induce hostile chemical conditions in the seagrass phyllosphere that potentially can be detrimental for the plant’s performance and ecological function. The phyllosphere dynamics of NO and N₂O displayed limited response to increasing seawater temperatures as compared to H₂S, but the N₂O production in epiphyte-covered seagrass leaves and subsequent emission to the surrounding seawater could have implications for the role of seagrass meadows in greenhouse gas mitigation.

叶片附生植物有可能减少海草夜间的氧气供应，导致微生物产生温室气体和植物毒素，这可能对植物有害。然而，目前尚不清楚全球变暖如何影响黑暗期间海草层的反硝化和硫酸盐还原等厌氧过程。利用电化学微传感器测量了14°C和24°C条件下重度附生海草叶片微环境中O2、NO、N2O和H2S的梯度随温度的变化规律。海水温度的升高刺激了缺氧海草叶层内的植物毒性H2S的产生和积累，这对植物是有害的，因为H2S容易通过海草叶片的薄角质层扩散。海草叶层也在黑暗中产生了强大的温室气体N2O，并通过基叶分生组织向植株扩散NO。因此，温度升高和水柱中氧气可用性降低，例如，在富营养化水域的海洋热浪期间，可以在海草层圈中诱发不利的化学条件，这可能对植物的性能和生态功能有害。与H2S相比，层际圈NO和N2O的动态对海水温度升高的响应有限，但附生植物覆盖的海草叶片中N2O的产生及其向周围海水的排放可能对海草草甸在温室气体减缓中的作用产生影响。

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引用次数: 0

Seagrass fossils from the lower Miocene Morozaki Group in Aichi Prefecture, central Japan 日本中部爱知县中新世下Morozaki群的海草化石

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103913

Toshihiro Yamada

Two new seagrass fossils are reported from the upper lower Miocene Morozaki Group (18.0–17.6 Ma) of central Japan: Thalassites morozakiensis T. Yamada, sp. nov., and Maresurculus aichiensis T. Yamada, gen. et sp. nov. The former bears strap-shaped, eligulate leaves enclosed within a fibrous sheath, suggesting an affinity with the extant subfamily Hydrilloideae (Hydrocharitaceae). The latter is characterized by ligulate leaves shed without leaving a sheath on the stem, indicating a relationship to extant genera of Cymodoceaceae, such as Amphibolis and Thalassodendron. These fossils represent the first reliable records of seagrasses from the early Miocene, consistent with divergence-time estimates for marine Hydrilloideae and Cymodoceaceae based on molecular clocks. Additionally, they imply that seagrasses extended their range to higher latitudes than today during the late early Miocene, a period marked by global warming.

在日本中部中新统Morozaki群（18.0-17.6 Ma）中发现了两个新的海草化石：Thalassites morozakiensis T. Yamada, sp. nov.和Maresurculus aichiensis T. Yamada, gen. et sp. 11 .。后者的叶呈带状，叶状，包裹在纤维鞘中，与现存的水螅亚科（Hydrocharitaceae）有亲缘关系。后者的特征是舌状叶脱落，茎上不留下叶鞘，表明与现存的cymodocaceae属，如Amphibolis和Thalassodendron有关系。这些化石代表了中新世早期海草的第一个可靠记录，与基于分子钟的海洋水螅科和Cymodoceaceae的分化时间估计一致。此外，它们还表明，在中新世早期晚期，海草将其活动范围扩展到了比今天更高的纬度，这是一个以全球变暖为标志的时期。

引用次数: 0

Evidence of Halodule wrightii flower and seed production at its northern range extent in the western North Atlantic (USA) 北大西洋西部（美国）北部地区卤素草（Halodule wright）花和种子生产的证据

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103921

Madison A. Lytle , Michael E. Wheeler

Halodule wrightii is a tropical, euryhaline, dioecious seagrass found in marine waters of the western Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Brazil and the Gulf of Mexico to its northern limit in North Carolina. For seagrasses, sexual reproduction can serve as a resilience mechanism, with seed banks supporting re-establishment and recovery following a stress event. However, environmental stress may limit sexual reproduction due to high energetic costs. H. wrightii in North Carolina was previously thought to rely exclusively on asexual reproduction, with no confirmed reports of fully developed seeds and only a single historical account of flowering. Here, we report field observations of female and male flowers, fruits, and fully developed seeds in the sediment confirming that H. wrightii is capable of successful sexual reproduction at its northern range limit. These findings challenge prior assumptions and highlight the need for future research into the ecological and environmental factors influencing sexual reproduction (e.g. flower formation, timing of pollination, fruit development) and the role it plays in shaping genetic diversity in edge-of-range H. wrigthii populations.

卤藻是一种热带，全盐性，雌雄异株海草，发现于西大西洋的海水中，从巴西和墨西哥湾到北卡罗莱纳州的北部边界。对于海草来说，有性繁殖可以作为一种恢复机制，种子库可以在压力事件发生后支持重建和恢复。然而，环境压力可能会限制有性生殖，因为高能量消耗。北卡罗莱纳的赖特花以前被认为完全依赖无性繁殖，没有证实的种子完全发育的报告，只有一个开花的历史记录。在这里，我们报告了在沉积物中对雌花和雄花、果实和完全发育的种子的实地观察，证实了赖特伊在其北部范围内能够成功地有性繁殖。这些发现挑战了先前的假设，并强调了未来研究影响有性生殖的生态和环境因素（如花的形成、授粉的时间、果实的发育）及其在形成箭猴边缘种群遗传多样性中的作用的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

First report of Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson,1867 in the Dominican Republic, an invasive species that continues to expand across the Caribbean 1867年，在多米尼加共和国首次报道了一种持续在加勒比海地区扩张的入侵物种——托叶盐藻（Halophila tolacea, forssk<s:1>）

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103915

Yira Rodríguez-Jerez , Rita Sellares-Blasco , Maria F. Villalpando , Estefany Vargas-Pérez , Andreina Valdez-Trinidad , Someira Zambrano , Yasmin D. Evangelista , Sergio D. Guendulain-García , Aldo Croquer

Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson,1867 is a seagrass species native to the Red Sea and the Persian-Indian Ocean, introduced 150 years ago into the Mediterranean Sea. H. stipulacea was first reported in the Caribbean in 2002; and in less than 15 years, it expanded across small island nations and Venezuela. Expected to continue expanding across its invasive range, monitoring programs aimed at spotting new geographic areas where H. stipulacea has successfully settled are vital. Here, we report for the first time an extensive meadow of H. stipulacea in Punta Salinas, Bani, Peravia Province, Dominican Republic (La Hispaniola). In November 2024, the species was spotted drifting inside Las Calderas Bay, and soon after, detected in a meadow located at the exposed side of Punta Salinas. After taxonomic confirmation, we conducted a survey during December 2024 to check for the presence of H. stipulacea meadows We observed a large H. stipulacea patch (1500 m) established on muddy sediments mixed with Dictyota spp., dead Halimeda spp. and other macroalgae. On average, the alien species covered 67.5 ± 36.7 %, whereas Thalassia testudinum covered < 5 % of the substrate. While the impacts of H. stipulacea in La Hispaniola remain unknown, our results confirm that H. Stipulacea continues to expand, successfully invading coastal habitats across the Caribbean region.

Halophila tolacea (forssk) Ascherson，1867是一种原产于红海和波斯-印度洋的海草物种，150年前被引入地中海。2002年，在加勒比地区首次报道了托马甲；在不到15年的时间里，它扩展到了小岛屿国家和委内瑞拉。预计将继续扩大其入侵范围，旨在发现新地理区域的监测项目是至关重要的。本文首次报道了在多米尼加共和国（La Hispaniola） Peravia省Bani的Punta Salinas大面积的托马草甸。2024年11月，人们发现该物种在拉斯卡尔德拉斯湾内漂流，不久之后，在蓬塔萨利纳斯裸露一侧的草地上发现了该物种。在分类确认后，我们于2024年12月进行了调查，以确定是否存在托马草甸。我们在泥质沉积物上发现了一个大的托马斑块（1500 m），与Dictyota spp、haalimeda spp和其他大型藻类混合在一起。外来种对底物的平均覆盖率为67.5 ± 36.7 %，而海棠对底物的平均覆盖率为<； 5 %。尽管托马甲对伊斯帕尼奥拉岛的影响尚不清楚，但我们的研究结果证实，托马甲继续扩张，成功地入侵了加勒比海地区的沿海栖息地。

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引用次数: 0

Growth, morphology, and nitrogen uptake adaptivity of Phragmites karka in response to nitrogen forms and oxygen availability 芦苇生长、形态和氮吸收适应性对氮形态和氧有效性的响应

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103918

Manutsawan Manokieng, Arunothai Jampeetong

The responses of Phragmites karka to different N-forms and O₂ supply were investigated. Fourteen-day old plants were selected and assigned randomly to six experimental treatments (n = 10), with three N-forms (NH₄⁺, NO₃^-, NH₄NO₃) at equilibrium concentration (500 µM N) and two O₂ conditions (normoxia and hypoxia). All plants were cultivated in greenhouse conditions for 77 days. Under normoxia, NH₄⁺-fed plants had significantly higher dry mass production and NH₄⁺ removal capacity than NO₃^--fed plants. In addition, the NH₄⁺- and NH₄NO₃-fed plants had significantly higher root dry mass and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) compared to the NO₃^--fed plants. This suggests NH₄⁺ preference under normoxia. Under hypoxia, the plants had reduced growth, biomass production, N removal capacity, and NUE. The plants also modulated root traits by reducing root dry mass, root length and root diameter. The plants had no significant difference in dry mass across N-forms under hypoxia. However, the NH₄⁺-fed plants increased their shoot:root ratios, while the NO₃^--fed plants retained their shoot:root ratios under hypoxia. Moreover, the NO₃^--fed plants had slighter changes in root size and biomass, NH₄⁺ removal capacity, and NUE, suggesting better stability under hypoxia compared to the NH₄⁺-fed plants. The different response patterns between N-form are probably due to the energy preservation of roots associated with N uptake and assimilation. It appears that, P. karka utilizes both NH₄⁺ and NO₃^-, but that it prefer NH₄⁺ when sufficient O₂ is available. In addition, this species can tolerate prolonged hypoxia and adaptation patterns appear to be N-form dependent.

研究了芦苇对不同氮素形态和氧供应的响应。选取14日龄植株，随机分配到平衡浓度（500 µM n）下3种n形态（NH4+、NO3-、NH4NO3）和2种O2条件（常氧和低氧）下6种处理（n = 10）。所有植株在温室条件下栽培77天。在常氧条件下，NH4+饲喂植物的干量产量和NH4+去除率显著高于NO3饲喂植物。此外，饲喂NH4+-和nh4no3的植株根系干质量和氮素利用效率（NUE）显著高于饲喂NO3——的植株。这表明常氧条件下对NH4+的偏好。在低氧条件下，植物的生长、生物量、氮去除能力和氮素利用效率均下降。植株还通过减少根干质量、根长和根径来调节根系性状。在低氧条件下，不同氮形态的植株干质量无显著差异。缺氧条件下，NH4+处理植株的茎根比增加，NO3处理植株的茎根比保持不变。此外，NO3—供试植物的根系大小、生物量、NH4+去除率和氮肥利用率变化较小，表明其在缺氧条件下的稳定性优于NH4+供试植物。不同形态氮素的响应模式不同，可能与根系对氮素吸收和同化的能量保存有关。karka似乎同时利用NH4+和NO3-，但当O2充足时，它更倾向于使用NH4+。此外，该物种可以忍受长时间的缺氧，适应模式似乎依赖于n形式。

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引用次数: 0

Demographic and morphological responses of intertidal eelgrass (Zostera marina) transplanted across sediment conditions 潮间带大叶藻（Zostera marina）跨泥沙条件移植的人口统计学和形态学响应

IF 1.9 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103904

Jennifer L. Ruesink , Fiona C. Boardman , Bryan A. Briones Ortiz , Christopher R. Jendrey , Kerry Ann Naish

Eelgrass (Zostera marina) shows substantial spatiotemporal variation in morphological and demographic traits that can arise from phenotypic plasticity. These traits commonly shift across light and depth gradients, as well as seasonally, but less consistency has been demonstrated across sediment conditions. We conducted two field transplant experiments in which seedlings or overwintering shoots of Z. marina were moved among sand and muddy-sand sites within a bay (Willapa Bay, Washington, USA). Shoots were regularly re-marked and measured for size, asexual, and sexual reproduction for 1–1.5 year, and upon collection, for rhizome extension and root investment. Seedlings, which were sourced from one site, had poor survival in muddy-sand, but smaller size and more branching with less flowering in sand. Shape also exhibited phenotypic plasticity, with relatively wide leaves and longer rhizome internodes at the sandier site. Overwintering shoots, which were transplanted among four sites in a fully reciprocal design, had lower survival and size after 6 months at sand compared to muddy-sand sites, but with greater root investment at collection. Shoots from one muddy-sand site, regardless of outplant site, maintained relatively short internodes over 1.5 years. Overall, shoots tended to remodel in summer as a function of sediment type, while internode extension was phenotypically plastic in both experiments, as well as fixed by source. Because sediment correlated with water movement, eelgrass traits expressed in sand could reduce drag (smaller above-ground size) and provide anchorage (root investment). Shorter internodes at muddy-sand outplant sites and from one muddy-sand source site could influence space-filling and foraging strategies. Across experiments, poor survival of seedlings relative to vegetative shoots in muddy-sand may reflect low-oxygen conditions that are challenging for early life stages of eelgrass to overcome. The substantial trait variation in transplants across sediment type could be a response to below-ground chemistry and above-ground hydrodynamics, but these drivers were not distinguishable with the study design.

大叶藻（Zostera marina）在形态和人口统计学特征上表现出明显的时空差异，这可能是由表型可塑性引起的。这些特征通常在光线和深度梯度以及季节变化中发生变化，但在沉积物条件下的一致性较少。在美国华盛顿州威拉帕湾（Willapa bay， USA）的沙地和泥沙场地中，我们进行了两次野外移栽试验，将Z. marina的幼苗或越冬芽移栽。在1-1.5年期间，定期重新标记和测量芽的大小、无性生殖和有性生殖，并在收集后进行根茎延伸和根投资。来自同一地点的幼苗在泥沙中成活率较差，但在沙中体积小，分枝多，开花少。形状也表现出表型可塑性，在砂质部位叶片相对较宽，根茎节间较长。在完全对等设计下，4个地点间移栽的越冬苗6个月后在沙地上的成活率和大小均低于泥沙地点，但在收集时根系投入较大。不论外植地在何处，同一泥沙地点的芽在1.5年以上保持相对较短的节间。总体而言，由于泥沙类型的关系，芽在夏季有重塑的趋势，而节间伸展在两个试验中都是表型塑性的，并且是由源固定的。由于泥沙与水的运动相关，大叶藻在沙子中表达的特性可以减少阻力（较小的地上尺寸）并提供锚点（根系投资）。泥质砂外植地和同一泥质砂源地的节间较短会影响空间填充和觅食策略。在实验中，与营养芽相比，泥沙中幼苗的存活率较低，这可能反映了低氧条件，这对鳗草的早期生命阶段来说是一个挑战。在不同泥沙类型的移植物中，大量的性状变化可能是对地下化学和地上流体动力学的响应，但这些驱动因素在研究设计中无法区分。

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引用次数: 0

Sargassum hatchery-based cultivation and mariculture techniques in the Philippines: Practices, challenges, and future prospects 菲律宾马尾藻孵化场养殖和海水养殖技术：实践、挑战和未来前景

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103925

Maria Lyn M. Magcanta-Mortos , Albaris B. Tahiluddin , John Marlan R. Mortos , Nonillon M. Aspe , Jesrelljane Aaron-Amper , Venus E. Leopardas , Wilfredo H. Uy

Sargassum species are ecologically and economically significant marine macroalgae with potential applications in food, pharmaceuticals, biofuel production, and coastal habitat restoration. While Sargassum hatchery and mariculture techniques are well-documented in China and South Korea, research specific to the Philippines remains limited. This review examines the distribution, seasonality, and cultivation practices of Sargassum in the Philippines, emphasizing the biological and socio-economic factors affecting its successful farming. Unlike temperate regions where growth is highly seasonal, Philippine Sargassum populations exhibit year-round growth with peak biomass during cooler months (November-February). Challenges such as substrate instability, biofouling, and predation hinder large-scale out-planting, while socio-economic barriers include a lack of policy support, infrastructure, and fluctuating market demand. Existing hatchery-based techniques, such as zygote liberation and vegetative fragmentation, show promise but require optimization to enhance survival and productivity. Future research should focus on refining grow-out conditions, improving out-planting success, and developing sustainable farming models suited to Philippine coastal environments. With targeted investments in research, policy, and industry collaboration, Sargassum mariculture in the Philippines has the potential to support economic development while promoting marine conservation.

马尾藻是一种具有重要生态和经济意义的海洋大型藻类，在食品、制药、生物燃料生产和沿海栖息地恢复方面具有潜在的应用前景。虽然马尾藻孵化场和海水养殖技术在中国和韩国有充分的记录，但针对菲律宾的研究仍然有限。本文综述了马尾藻在菲律宾的分布、季节性和栽培方法，强调了影响其成功养殖的生物和社会经济因素。与温带地区的生长高度季节性不同，菲律宾马尾藻种群在较冷的月份（11月至2月）表现出全年的增长，生物量达到峰值。诸如基质不稳定、生物污染和捕食等挑战阻碍了大规模外植，而社会经济障碍包括缺乏政策支持、基础设施和波动的市场需求。现有的基于孵化场的技术，如受精卵分离和营养碎片化，显示出希望，但需要优化以提高存活率和生产力。未来的研究应侧重于改善外植条件，提高外植成功率，并开发适合菲律宾沿海环境的可持续农业模式。通过在研究、政策和行业合作方面的有针对性的投资，菲律宾的马尾藻海水养殖有潜力在促进海洋保护的同时支持经济发展。

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