Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103836
Denis Yu. Efimov , Lyudmila A. Efimova , Roman E. Romanov
Lychnothamnus barbatus (Charophyceae, Characeae), one of the rarest relict macroscopic charophyte species in the world, has a distinct disjunctive range, having been known from fossil remains in northern Asia for a long period. Living plants of Lychnothamnus barbatus were found in freshwater lakes in southern Siberia in the Minusinsk forest-steppe (south of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia), within a conservation area in the Shushenskii Bor National Park. These sites are the first ones in Siberia and North Asia. The localities are situated far from known extant records from Central and Eastern Asia, which confirms the uniqueness and vulnerability of the extant habitats.
{"title":"A living fossil charophyte Lychnothamnus barbatus newly found in southern Siberia (North Asia)","authors":"Denis Yu. Efimov , Lyudmila A. Efimova , Roman E. Romanov","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Lychnothamnus barbatus</em> (Charophyceae, Characeae), one of the rarest relict macroscopic charophyte species in the world, has a distinct disjunctive range, having been known from fossil remains in northern Asia for a long period. Living plants of <em>Lychnothamnus barbatus</em> were found in freshwater lakes in southern Siberia in the Minusinsk forest-steppe (south of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia), within a conservation area in the Shushenskii Bor National Park. These sites are the first ones in Siberia and North Asia. The localities are situated far from known extant records from Central and Eastern Asia, which confirms the uniqueness and vulnerability of the extant habitats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 103836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Sundarbans mangrove forest in Bangladesh is home to the Rhizophoraceae family, which includes at least 7 species. Understanding the factors influencing mangrove species regeneration in specific areas, such as propagule dispersal, predation, and soil conditions, is crucial for comprehending how these populations establish and grow successfully in changing environments. However, there is limited research on the reproductive phenology of Rhizophoraceae in the Sundarbans. Our research was primarily focused on analyzing and comparing the reproductive phenology of three specific species, Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir., Rhizophora mucronata Lam., and Kandelia candel (L.) Druce within this diverse ecosystem. We studied the flowering pattern, conversion rate, and growth stages of the reproductive organs of these three species. Both inter- and intra-specific variations in propagule mass and size were also investigated. Our findings revealed that the flowers of these species were present for almost half of the year, with a monthly flowering peak occurring primarily in April and May. The propagule of R. mucronata (60.3 cm) was the longest in size which significantly varied from those of K. candel and B. sexangula. While the diameter and weight of the propagules of B. sexangula and K. candel were similar, they were significantly different from those of R. mucronata. In terms of length and surface area, there were significant variations among the propagules of the studied species. The mean surface area of the propagule was 359.7 cm2 in R. mucronata, 232.8 cm2 in K. candel, and 62.2 cm2 in B. sexangula. Regarding litterfall contribution, reproductive organ production in B. sexangula accounted for 29.1 %, in K.candel it was 37.7 %, and in R.mucronata it was 34.6 %. Our findings suggest that the production of reproductive organs in this mangrove forest is influenced by climatic factors as well as the specific adaptive characteristics of each species rather than solely dependent on the size of the reproductive organs.
孟加拉国的孙德尔本斯红树林是红树科植物的家园，其中至少有 7 个物种。了解影响特定地区红树林物种再生的因素（如繁殖体传播、捕食和土壤条件），对于理解这些种群如何在不断变化的环境中成功建立和生长至关重要。然而，有关孙德尔本斯地区根瘤菌科植物繁殖物候学的研究十分有限。我们的研究主要集中在分析和比较三个特定物种，即 Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir.、Rhizophora mucronata Lam 和 Kandelia candel (L.) Druce 在这一多样化生态系统中的生殖物候学。我们研究了这三个物种的开花模式、转化率和生殖器官的生长阶段。我们还研究了繁殖体质量和大小在种间和种内的变化。我们的研究结果表明，这些物种的花期几乎占全年的一半，每月的开花高峰主要出现在四月和五月。R. mucronata 的繁殖体（60.3 厘米）最长，与 K. candel 和 B. sexangula 的繁殖体相比差异显著。虽然 B. sexangula 和 K. candel 的繁殖体直径和重量相似，但它们与 R. mucronata 的繁殖体有显著差异。在长度和表面积方面，研究物种的繁殖体之间存在显著差异。R. mucronata的繁殖体平均表面积为359.7平方厘米，K. candel为232.8平方厘米，B. sexangula为62.2平方厘米。在落叶贡献率方面，B. sexangula 的生殖器官产量占 29.1%，K.candel 占 37.7%，R.mucronata 占 34.6%。我们的研究结果表明，这片红树林的生殖器官产量受气候因素和每个物种的具体适应特征的影响，而不仅仅取决于生殖器官的大小。
{"title":"Intra and inter specific variation of propagule settings of the family Rhizophoraceae in the Sundarbans mangrove forest","authors":"Md. Kamruzzaman, Md. Minarul Islam, Neyamat Hossen","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sundarbans mangrove forest in Bangladesh is home to the Rhizophoraceae family, which includes at least 7 species. Understanding the factors influencing mangrove species regeneration in specific areas, such as propagule dispersal, predation, and soil conditions, is crucial for comprehending how these populations establish and grow successfully in changing environments. However, there is limited research on the reproductive phenology of Rhizophoraceae in the Sundarbans. Our research was primarily focused on analyzing and comparing the reproductive phenology of three specific species, <em>Bruguiera sexangula</em> (Lour.) Poir., <em>Rhizophora mucronata</em> Lam., and <em>Kandelia candel</em> (L.) Druce within this diverse ecosystem. We studied the flowering pattern, conversion rate, and growth stages of the reproductive organs of these three species. Both inter- and intra-specific variations in propagule mass and size were also investigated. Our findings revealed that the flowers of these species were present for almost half of the year, with a monthly flowering peak occurring primarily in April and May. The propagule of <em>R</em>. <em>mucronata</em> (60.3 cm) was the longest in size which significantly varied from those of <em>K</em>. <em>candel</em> and <em>B</em>. <em>sexangula</em>. While the diameter and weight of the propagules of <em>B. sexangula</em> and <em>K. candel</em> were similar, they were significantly different from those of <em>R. mucronata</em>. In terms of length and surface area, there were significant variations among the propagules of the studied species. The mean surface area of the propagule was 359.7 cm<sup>2</sup> in <em>R. mucronata</em>, 232.8 cm<sup>2</sup> in <em>K. candel</em>, and 62.2 cm<sup>2</sup> in <em>B. sexangula</em>. Regarding litterfall contribution, reproductive organ production in <em>B. sexangula</em> accounted for 29.1 %, in <em>K.candel</em> it was 37.7 %, and in <em>R.mucronata</em> it was 34.6 %. Our findings suggest that the production of reproductive organs in this mangrove forest is influenced by climatic factors as well as the specific adaptive characteristics of each species rather than solely dependent on the size of the reproductive organs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 103834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103835
Menno W.J. Bok , Janneke M.M. van der Loop , Hein H. van Kleef , Rob S.E.W. Leuven
Australian swamp stonecrop (Crassula helmsii) is an amphibious plant native to Australasia and highly invasive in Europe. Managing the spread and impacts of this invader is challenging due to its ability to regenerate from small vegetative plant fragments. In several infested water systems in the Netherlands, the dispersal of this species is currently being prevented using water filters with a mesh size as small as 1 mm2 in their outflows. However, it remains unclear whether these filters are truly capable of preventing the spread of small regenerative fragments. To identify potential shortcomings in the management of C. helmsii dispersal, we investigated the regeneration of detached vegetative fragments. A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the regenerative capacity of C. helmsii fragments of varying sizes (0.5–2 mm). We examined the growth performance (stem count, cumulative stem length) of fragments originating from nodes, leaves, shoots, roots, and meristem tissue cuts. All fragments originating from nodal tissue were able to successfully regenerate. Isolated meristem tissue of 0.5 mm was able to regenerate but exhibited malformed growth. Shoot tips demonstrated the best growth performance. While we successfully isolated protoplasts from C. helmsii node tissue, our cultures were compromised, and regeneration could not be assessed. Our research indicates regenerative potential from node fragments as small as a cluster of apical meristem cells. These findings suggest shortcomings in current measures for dispersal prevention of C. helmsii, as they do not prevent the dispersal of plant fragments with a length <2 mm. We recommend re-evaluating the effectiveness of various types of dispersal barriers currently applied in vulnerable natural areas to prevent the spread and subsequent regeneration of small vegetative fragments of C. helmsii.
{"title":"Fragment viability, regenerative capacity and protoplast isolation of invasive Australian swamp stonecrop (Crassula helmsii)","authors":"Menno W.J. Bok , Janneke M.M. van der Loop , Hein H. van Kleef , Rob S.E.W. Leuven","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Australian swamp stonecrop (<em>Crassula helmsii</em>) is an amphibious plant native to Australasia and highly invasive in Europe. Managing the spread and impacts of this invader is challenging due to its ability to regenerate from small vegetative plant fragments. In several infested water systems in the Netherlands, the dispersal of this species is currently being prevented using water filters with a mesh size as small as 1 mm<sup>2</sup> in their outflows. However, it remains unclear whether these filters are truly capable of preventing the spread of small regenerative fragments. To identify potential shortcomings in the management of <em>C. helmsii</em> dispersal, we investigated the regeneration of detached vegetative fragments. A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the regenerative capacity of <em>C. helmsii</em> fragments of varying sizes (0.5–2 mm). We examined the growth performance (stem count, cumulative stem length) of fragments originating from nodes, leaves, shoots, roots, and meristem tissue cuts. All fragments originating from nodal tissue were able to successfully regenerate. Isolated meristem tissue of 0.5 mm was able to regenerate but exhibited malformed growth. Shoot tips demonstrated the best growth performance. While we successfully isolated protoplasts from <em>C. helmsii</em> node tissue, our cultures were compromised, and regeneration could not be assessed. Our research indicates regenerative potential from node fragments as small as a cluster of apical meristem cells. These findings suggest shortcomings in current measures for dispersal prevention of <em>C. helmsii</em>, as they do not prevent the dispersal of plant fragments with a length <2 mm. We recommend re-evaluating the effectiveness of various types of dispersal barriers currently applied in vulnerable natural areas to prevent the spread and subsequent regeneration of small vegetative fragments of <em>C. helmsii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 103835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103833
Lubomír Adamec , Lenka Plačková , Karel Doležal
We compared hormonal profiles (cytokinins, auxins, ABA) in shoot apices in six (sub)tropical populations of the aquatic carnivorous plant Aldrovanda vesiculosa (Droseraceae; one from Botswana, five from Australia) growing in cultures during summer and then in frosty conditions at the beginning of winter. One Australian population (Armidale, E Australia, NSW) formed dormant turions. No crucial differences in cytokinin and auxin profiles (for both total and active forms) were found between summer and winter shoots within single populations or between non-dormant and dormant populations in the summer or the winter. The ABA content, as a hormonal criterion for plant dormancy, was consistently nearly zero in summer growing plants in all populations. In winter plants, a nearly zero ABA content occurred only in African plants from Botswana, whereas medium-high ABA contents (3.5–7.0 µmol kg−1; dry weight) were found in all Australian plants regardless of their dormancy. Different Quaternary migration history from southern Europe and subsequent separate evolution and genetic changes might explain the difference between these Australian and African plants. Generally, these results raise questions about how turion formation and dormancy are regulated in plant species with turions with zero ABA content and how other non-dormant subtropical or temperate species overwinter with high ABA content.
我们比较了六种（亚）热带水生食肉植物 Aldrovanda vesiculosa（Droseraceae，一种产自博茨瓦纳，五种产自澳大利亚）芽尖中的激素谱（细胞分裂素、辅助素、ABA）。一个澳大利亚种群（澳大利亚东部，新南威尔士州，阿米代尔）形成了休眠的转塔。在单个种群的夏季和冬季嫩枝之间，或在夏季或冬季的非休眠和休眠种群之间，细胞分裂素和辅助素（总含量和活性含量）没有发现明显差异。作为植物休眠激素标准的 ABA 含量在所有种群的夏季生长植株中始终接近零。在冬季植物中，只有来自博茨瓦纳的非洲植物的 ABA 含量几乎为零，而所有澳大利亚植物的 ABA 含量（3.5-7.0 µmol kg-1；干重）均为中等偏上，与休眠期无关。来自南欧的不同的第四纪移民历史以及随后的单独进化和遗传变化可能解释了这些澳大利亚和非洲植物之间的差异。总的来说，这些结果提出了一些问题，即在 ABA 含量为零的植物物种中，如何调节炮塔的形成和休眠，以及其他非休眠的亚热带或温带物种如何在 ABA 含量较高的情况下越冬。
{"title":"Hormonal profiles in shoot apices in (sub)tropical populations of the aquatic carnivorous plant Aldrovanda vesiculosa in summer and winter","authors":"Lubomír Adamec , Lenka Plačková , Karel Doležal","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We compared hormonal profiles (cytokinins, auxins, ABA) in shoot apices in six (sub)tropical populations of the aquatic carnivorous plant <em>Aldrovanda vesiculosa</em> (Droseraceae; one from Botswana, five from Australia) growing in cultures during summer and then in frosty conditions at the beginning of winter. One Australian population (Armidale, E Australia, NSW) formed dormant turions. No crucial differences in cytokinin and auxin profiles (for both total and active forms) were found between summer and winter shoots within single populations or between non-dormant and dormant populations in the summer or the winter. The ABA content, as a hormonal criterion for plant dormancy, was consistently nearly zero in summer growing plants in all populations. In winter plants, a nearly zero ABA content occurred only in African plants from Botswana, whereas medium-high ABA contents (3.5–7.0 µmol kg<sup>−1</sup>; dry weight) were found in all Australian plants regardless of their dormancy. Different Quaternary migration history from southern Europe and subsequent separate evolution and genetic changes might explain the difference between these Australian and African plants. Generally, these results raise questions about how turion formation and dormancy are regulated in plant species with turions with zero ABA content and how other non-dormant subtropical or temperate species overwinter with high ABA content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 103833"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103832
Eugeniusz Pronin , Marek Merdalski , Rafał Ronowski , Krzysztof Banaś
In a phytotron experiment, the effects of pH variation and eutrophication on isoetids plants from soft-water lakes specifically the submerged form of Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. was investigated by analyzing stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N). Conducted in late October 2020, 200 specimens from Lake Zawiad, near Gdansk, Poland, were examined over 75 days. The study tested three pH levels (∼4.5, ∼7.0, and ∼8.5) and a detailed 12-step nutrient gradient (nitrogen: 0–10 mg/l; phosphorus: 0–0.3 mg/l). The analysis focused on isotopic composition in leaves and roots, revealing that acidic conditions favored higher δ13C values (leaves: −22.67 ‰; roots: −23.23 ‰), suggesting a preference for lighter carbon forms in photosynthesis and intensive use of limited sources of CO2. The neutral pH variant showed the lowest δ13C values (leaves: −25.53 ‰; roots: −25.47 ‰), indicating less optimal conditions. δ15N values exhibited minimal fluctuation across pH levels, with slight variations in acidic and alkaline environments compared to neutral conditions. An observed decrease in δ13C across all pH levels with increased nutrients, alongside a rise in δ15N values, indicates a complex interaction between isotopic composition and environmental factors. Our findings suggest that L. uniflora shows a distinct isotopic response to varying pH levels, with higher δ13C values under acidic conditions potentially indicating enhanced CO2 uptake through a specialized carbon assimilation strategy. This highlights the species' adaptive mechanisms to environmental stressors, suggesting that the isotopic composition of aquatic vegetation can serve as a sensitive indicator of changes in lake ecosystems.
{"title":"Variation of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition in leaves and roots of Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. in relation to water pH and nutrient availability","authors":"Eugeniusz Pronin , Marek Merdalski , Rafał Ronowski , Krzysztof Banaś","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a phytotron experiment, the effects of pH variation and eutrophication on isoetids plants from soft-water lakes specifically the submerged form of <em>Littorella uniflora</em> (L.) Asch. was investigated by analyzing stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C and <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N). Conducted in late October 2020, 200 specimens from Lake Zawiad, near Gdansk, Poland, were examined over 75 days. The study tested three pH levels (∼4.5, ∼7.0, and ∼8.5) and a detailed 12-step nutrient gradient (nitrogen: 0–10 mg/l; phosphorus: 0–0.3 mg/l). The analysis focused on isotopic composition in leaves and roots, revealing that acidic conditions favored higher <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C values (leaves: −22.67 ‰; roots: −23.23 ‰), suggesting a preference for lighter carbon forms in photosynthesis and intensive use of limited sources of CO<sub>2</sub>. The neutral pH variant showed the lowest <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C values (leaves: −25.53 ‰; roots: −25.47 ‰), indicating less optimal conditions. <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N values exhibited minimal fluctuation across pH levels, with slight variations in acidic and alkaline environments compared to neutral conditions. An observed decrease in <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C across all pH levels with increased nutrients, alongside a rise in <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N values, indicates a complex interaction between isotopic composition and environmental factors. Our findings suggest that <em>L</em>. <em>uniflora</em> shows a distinct isotopic response to varying pH levels, with higher <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C values under acidic conditions potentially indicating enhanced CO<sub>2</sub> uptake through a specialized carbon assimilation strategy. This highlights the species' adaptive mechanisms to environmental stressors, suggesting that the isotopic composition of aquatic vegetation can serve as a sensitive indicator of changes in lake ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 103832"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103831
Nomcebo T. Mngomezulu , Anusha Rajkaran , Dimitri A. Veldkornet
The continuous distribution of coastal salt marsh habitats along an elevation gradient can be disrupted by tidal creeks running through them. Tidal creeks wind through salt marshes and create different environmental conditions for adjacent habitats. While studies have emphasized the importance of tidal creeks as links facilitating interactions in salt marshes, few have studied plant communities and physiochemical conditions associated with tidal creeks. This study determined the influence of creek physicochemical variables on the diversity and distribution of coastal salt marsh plants. Six transects in the lower reaches of the Berg River Estuary, South Africa were sampled over two seasons at sites with either the presence or absence of creeks. Species composition and abundance were analysed by replicate quadrats and paired with physicochemical variables (groundwater and sediment). The k-means of 20 species in 334 quadrats revealed four distinct clusters of salt marsh habitats, creeks, intertidal salt marsh, supratidal salt marsh and reeds. Species richness was higher along transects with creeks (16) compared to those with no creeks (5). The physiochemical variables, groundwater temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and sediment variables (redox potential, organic content, percentage silt and percentage sand), significantly influenced the abundance of creek species. This study highlights the importance of tidal creeks in forming unique vegetation communities in salt marshes, where they act as refugia for intertidal species. It is suggested that tidal creek communities should be included in salt marsh vegetation descriptions and monitored in association with physicochemical variables in response to climate change.
{"title":"The influence of physicochemical variables on plant species richness and distribution in the coastal salt marshes of the Berg River Estuary, South Africa","authors":"Nomcebo T. Mngomezulu , Anusha Rajkaran , Dimitri A. Veldkornet","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continuous distribution of coastal salt marsh habitats along an elevation gradient can be disrupted by tidal creeks running through them. Tidal creeks wind through salt marshes and create different environmental conditions for adjacent habitats. While studies have emphasized the importance of tidal creeks as links facilitating interactions in salt marshes, few have studied plant communities and physiochemical conditions associated with tidal creeks. This study determined the influence of creek physicochemical variables on the diversity and distribution of coastal salt marsh plants. Six transects in the lower reaches of the Berg River Estuary, South Africa were sampled over two seasons at sites with either the presence or absence of creeks. Species composition and abundance were analysed by replicate quadrats and paired with physicochemical variables (groundwater and sediment). The k-means of 20 species in 334 quadrats revealed four distinct clusters of salt marsh habitats, creeks, intertidal salt marsh, supratidal salt marsh and reeds. Species richness was higher along transects with creeks (16) compared to those with no creeks (5). The physiochemical variables, groundwater temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and sediment variables (redox potential, organic content, percentage silt and percentage sand), significantly influenced the abundance of creek species. This study highlights the importance of tidal creeks in forming unique vegetation communities in salt marshes, where they act as refugia for intertidal species. It is suggested that tidal creek communities should be included in salt marsh vegetation descriptions and monitored in association with physicochemical variables in response to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 103831"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103830
Pilar Díaz-Tapia , Nerea Alvite , Rafael Bañón , Rodolfo Barreiro , Sara Barrientos , María Bustamante , Sara Carrasco , Javier Cremades , Silvia Iglesias , María del Carmen López Rodríguez , Nahiara Muguerza , Cristina Piñeiro-Corbeira , Endika Quintano , F. Javier Tajadura , Isabel Díez
The brown alga Rugulopteryx okamurae is one of the most recent and aggressive marine invaders known, with a non-native range that spans from the western Mediterranean to the southern Iberian Peninsula, and the European Macaronesian archipelagos. Here, we provide the first record of its presence at three disjunct areas from northern Spain, supported by morphological and molecular evidence. Rugulopteryx okamurae was discovered in the port of Bilbao in the northeastern Atlantic of Spain, more than 1200 km away from the nearest invaded location previously known. It was also found at two separate areas in northwestern Spain: San Amaro, a small inlet at the entrance of the port of A Coruña, and Monteferro-Playa América, a site close to the port of Vigo. In two areas, R. okamurae was found to cover up to 100 % of the bottom, suggesting that it may behave as an aggressive invader in northern Spain. Our findings confirm the propensity of R. okamurae for long-distance dispersal and reveal that this invader is expanding its range northwards along the European Atlantic coast.
褐藻 Rugulopteryx okamurae 是已知的最新、最具侵略性的海洋入侵者之一，其非本地分布范围从地中海西部到伊比利亚半岛南部，以及欧洲马卡罗内斯群岛。在这里，我们首次记录了它在西班牙北部三个不相连地区的存在，并提供了形态学和分子证据支持。Rugulopteryx okamurae是在西班牙东北部大西洋的毕尔巴鄂港发现的，距离之前已知的最近入侵地点超过1200公里。它还在西班牙西北部的两个不同地区被发现：圣阿马罗（San Amaro）和蒙特费罗（Monteferro-Playa América），前者是科鲁尼亚港入口处的一个小入口，后者靠近维哥港。在这两个地区，发现 R. okamurae 对海底的覆盖率高达 100%，这表明它在西班牙北部可能是一种侵略性入侵者。我们的研究结果证实了 R. okamurae 的远距离传播倾向，并揭示了这种入侵者正沿着欧洲大西洋海岸向北扩展其范围。
{"title":"Multiple introduction events expand the range of the invasive brown alga Rugulopteryx okamurae to northern Spain","authors":"Pilar Díaz-Tapia , Nerea Alvite , Rafael Bañón , Rodolfo Barreiro , Sara Barrientos , María Bustamante , Sara Carrasco , Javier Cremades , Silvia Iglesias , María del Carmen López Rodríguez , Nahiara Muguerza , Cristina Piñeiro-Corbeira , Endika Quintano , F. Javier Tajadura , Isabel Díez","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brown alga <em>Rugulopteryx okamurae</em> is one of the most recent and aggressive marine invaders known, with a non-native range that spans from the western Mediterranean to the southern Iberian Peninsula, and the European Macaronesian archipelagos. Here, we provide the first record of its presence at three disjunct areas from northern Spain, supported by morphological and molecular evidence. <em>Rugulopteryx okamurae</em> was discovered in the port of Bilbao in the northeastern Atlantic of Spain, more than 1200 km away from the nearest invaded location previously known. It was also found at two separate areas in northwestern Spain: San Amaro, a small inlet at the entrance of the port of A Coruña, and Monteferro-Playa América, a site close to the port of Vigo. In two areas, <em>R. okamurae</em> was found to cover up to 100 % of the bottom, suggesting that it may behave as an aggressive invader in northern Spain. Our findings confirm the propensity of <em>R. okamurae</em> for long-distance dispersal and reveal that this invader is expanding its range northwards along the European Atlantic coast.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 103830"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103828
Karine Matos Magalhães , Thomaz Henrique Arruda Lima , Roberto Lima Barcellos , Ana Maria Costa Souza
This study characterizes a population of the rare seagrass species Halophila baillonii, rediscovered over 130 years after its initial record on the Brazilian coast. Historical and current global distribution and species traits were reviewed to investigate population expansion and compare worldwide populations. Generally, seagrass traits of this new population showed no significant differences compared to previously studied populations, including those within Marine Protected Areas. However, a global lack of population data for the species was identified. Thirteen populations were recognized within the Tropical Atlantic Bioregion, with most in multispecific meadows. In these multispecific meadows, H. baillonii leaves were wider. The recent rediscovery of this population raises the question: are we observing a genuine expansion of its distribution range, or have we simply overlooked its presence in certain areas?
{"title":"Halophila baillonii's hidden distribution range: Rediscovery and conservation of a rare seagrass in the Tropical Atlantic","authors":"Karine Matos Magalhães , Thomaz Henrique Arruda Lima , Roberto Lima Barcellos , Ana Maria Costa Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study characterizes a population of the rare seagrass species <em>Halophila baillonii</em>, rediscovered over 130 years after its initial record on the Brazilian coast. Historical and current global distribution and species traits were reviewed to investigate population expansion and compare worldwide populations. Generally, seagrass traits of this new population showed no significant differences compared to previously studied populations, including those within Marine Protected Areas. However, a global lack of population data for the species was identified. Thirteen populations were recognized within the Tropical Atlantic Bioregion, with most in multispecific meadows. In these multispecific meadows, <em>H. baillonii</em> leaves were wider. The recent rediscovery of this population raises the question: are we observing a genuine expansion of its distribution range, or have we simply overlooked its presence in certain areas?</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 103828"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103827
Kalmi Siridewa , Wasana De Silva , R.M.C.S. Ratnayake , Siril Wijesundara , Dinum Perera , Renuka N. Attanayake
Members of the genus Salicornia have gained a global attraction due to their ability to thrive under high saline conditions and as potential candidates in saline agriculture. However, it has been a taxonomically challenging genus for decades since the members show plastic responses to extreme environmental conditions and due to incongruences between morphological and molecular identification methods. While only a handful of commercially grown Salicornia species are fully described, most of the species including S. brachiata, a native species in the Indian sub-continent, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka are poorly described. With the potentials in adapting S. brachiata in saline agriculture, the aim of this study was to establish a morphology and DNA barcode-based species delineation system and to study pollination biology for future crop improvement projects. Tentatively identified S. brachiata plant samples were collected from two populations in Sri Lanka and completely described. GenBank lacked authenticated barcode data for S. brachiata except for one chloroplast genome to which the matK sequence obtained in the present study matched with 100 % identity. For the first time, well defined sequences of three barcode regions, ITS, ETS and matK, of S. brachiata were made available for accurate species identification. Reproductive dynamics in different parts of the inflorescence was studied. A facultative xenogamous mating system was recorded for the first time in the genus and while the lower florets in the cladode showed a preference towards outcrossing, the upper florets displayed adaptations for selfing. Data could be effectively utilized in future Salicornia breeding programs.
盐生草本植物属（Salicornia）的成员在高盐度条件下生长旺盛，是盐碱地农业的潜在候选植物，因此在全球范围内颇具吸引力。然而，几十年来，由于其成员对极端环境条件表现出可塑性反应，以及形态学和分子鉴定方法之间的不一致，该属在分类学上一直是一个具有挑战性的属。虽然只有少数商业种植的莎草物种得到了完整的描述，但包括 S. brachiata（印度次大陆、缅甸和斯里兰卡的原生物种）在内的大多数物种都没有得到很好的描述。鉴于盐肤木在盐碱地农业中的适应潜力，本研究旨在建立一个基于形态学和 DNA 条形码的物种划分系统，并为未来的作物改良项目研究授粉生物学。从斯里兰卡的两个种群中采集了初步鉴定的 S. brachiata 植物样本，并对其进行了完整描述。除了一个叶绿体基因组外，GenBank 中缺乏关于 S. brachiata 的经过验证的条形码数据。本研究首次获得了 S. brachiata 的 ITS、ETS 和 matK 三个条形码区域的明确序列，可用于准确的物种鉴定。研究了花序不同部位的繁殖动态。在该属植物中首次记录到了异花授粉交配系统，虽然花序中的下部小花显示出对外交的偏好，但上部小花显示出对自交的适应。这些数据可有效地用于未来的莎草育种计划。
{"title":"Species identification and pollination biology of an economically important true halophyte, Salicornia brachiata Roxb.","authors":"Kalmi Siridewa , Wasana De Silva , R.M.C.S. Ratnayake , Siril Wijesundara , Dinum Perera , Renuka N. Attanayake","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Members of the genus <em>Salicornia</em> have gained a global attraction due to their ability to thrive under high saline conditions and as potential candidates in saline agriculture. However, it has been a taxonomically challenging genus for decades since the members show plastic responses to extreme environmental conditions and due to incongruences between morphological and molecular identification methods. While only a handful of commercially grown <em>Salicornia</em> species are fully described, most of the species including <em>S. brachiata</em>, a native species in the Indian sub-continent, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka are poorly described. With the potentials in adapting <em>S. brachiata</em> in saline agriculture, the aim of this study was to establish a morphology and DNA barcode-based species delineation system and to study pollination biology for future crop improvement projects. Tentatively identified <em>S. brachiata</em> plant samples were collected from two populations in Sri Lanka and completely described. GenBank lacked authenticated barcode data for <em>S. brachiata</em> except for one chloroplast genome to which the matK sequence obtained in the present study matched with 100 % identity. For the first time, well defined sequences of three barcode regions, ITS, ETS and matK, of <em>S. brachiata</em> were made available for accurate species identification. Reproductive dynamics in different parts of the inflorescence was studied. A facultative xenogamous mating system was recorded for the first time in the genus and while the lower florets in the cladode showed a preference towards outcrossing, the upper florets displayed adaptations for selfing. Data could be effectively utilized in future <em>Salicornia</em> breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 103827"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103829
Gidon Winters , Hung Manh Nguyen , Moran Kaminer
Seagrasses native to the Mediterranean Sea are anticipated to be adversely affected by climate warming, while the invasive tropical seagrass species Halophila stipulacea is projected to proliferate and alter the region's underwater seascape. Despite the significant implications of this transition, it is surprisingly rare to include H. stipulacea in long-term monitoring programs across the Mediterranean. In July 2023, we conducted a follow-up study at a seagrass meadow in Limassol, Cyprus, which in 2017 was home to two native seagrass species, Cymodocea nodosa and Posidonia oceanica, alongside the invasive H. stipulacea. We assessed the seagrass cover of all present species and examined the characteristics of the H. stipulacea meadow, comparing our findings with data from 2017. Our results indicated a total loss of both native seagrass species, while H. stipulacea nearly doubled its coverage and exhibited substantial increases in shoot density, as well as above- and below-ground biomasses. Although our study is limited in scope, it supports earlier predictions regarding the anticipated transformations in the eastern Mediterranean's underwater landscape. This study highlights the urgent need to incorporate H. stipulacea into long-term seagrass monitoring efforts in the Mediterranean.
原产于地中海的海草预计将受到气候变暖的不利影响，而入侵的热带海草物种Halophila stipulacea预计将大量繁殖并改变该地区的水下海景。尽管这一转变具有重大影响，但在整个地中海地区的长期监测计划中，却很少包括海草。2023 年 7 月，我们在塞浦路斯利马索尔（Limassol）的一片海草草甸开展了一项后续研究，该草甸在 2017 年曾是两种本地海草物种（Cymodocea nodosa 和 Posidonia oceanica）与入侵的 H. stipulacea 的家园。我们评估了所有现有物种的海草覆盖率，并检查了 H. stipulacea 草甸的特征，将我们的发现与 2017 年的数据进行了比较。我们的研究结果表明，两种本地海草物种都完全消失了，而H. stipulacea的覆盖率几乎翻了一番，并且表现出芽密度以及地上和地下生物量的大幅增加。尽管我们的研究范围有限，但它支持了早先对地中海东部水下景观预期变化的预测。这项研究强调了将 H. stipulacea 纳入地中海长期海草监测工作的迫切需要。
{"title":"Expansion of Halophila stipulacea in parallel with declines of native seagrasses in the eastern Mediterranean Sea","authors":"Gidon Winters , Hung Manh Nguyen , Moran Kaminer","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seagrasses native to the Mediterranean Sea are anticipated to be adversely affected by climate warming, while the invasive tropical seagrass species <em>Halophila stipulacea</em> is projected to proliferate and alter the region's underwater seascape. Despite the significant implications of this transition, it is surprisingly rare to include <em>H. stipulacea</em> in long-term monitoring programs across the Mediterranean. In July 2023, we conducted a follow-up study at a seagrass meadow in Limassol, Cyprus, which in 2017 was home to two native seagrass species, <em>Cymodocea nodosa</em> and <em>Posidonia oceanica</em>, alongside the invasive <em>H. stipulacea</em>. We assessed the seagrass cover of all present species and examined the characteristics of the <em>H. stipulacea</em> meadow, comparing our findings with data from 2017. Our results indicated a total loss of both native seagrass species, while <em>H. stipulacea</em> nearly doubled its coverage and exhibited substantial increases in shoot density, as well as above- and below-ground biomasses. Although our study is limited in scope, it supports earlier predictions regarding the anticipated transformations in the eastern Mediterranean's underwater landscape. This study highlights the urgent need to incorporate <em>H. stipulacea</em> into long-term seagrass monitoring efforts in the Mediterranean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 103829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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