Pub Date : 2019-09-03DOI: 10.33552/appr.2019.01.000528
M. Karuppannan, Liyana Syafiqah Muhammad Syazwan Thana, S. Gnanasan
{"title":"Malaysian Pharmacists’ Involvement in Pharmaceutical Care: A Narrative Review","authors":"M. Karuppannan, Liyana Syafiqah Muhammad Syazwan Thana, S. Gnanasan","doi":"10.33552/appr.2019.01.000528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/appr.2019.01.000528","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8291,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Research","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85977749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-27DOI: 10.33552/appr.2019.01.000527
H. Salem
Timolol (TIM) (Figure 1a) is (S)-1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(4morpholin-4-yl-1,2,5-thiadiazole-3-yl) oxy] propan-2-ol. Timolol maleate is nonselective β-adrenergic receptors in the heart and decreases renin activity, all of which may play a role in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure. TIM is indicated for treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, reduction of mortality after myocardial infarction and migraine prophylaxis [1]. Travoprost (TRA) (Figure 1b) is chemically [1R-[1ᾳ(Z),2β(1E,3R),3ᾳ,5ᾳ]]7-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy]1-butenyl]cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoic acid-1-methyl-ethyleste. Travoprost is used in the treatment of glaucoma [1]. Both drugs are still used as a binary mixture in some pharmaceutical preparations for treatment of reduction of elevated intraocular pressure with open-angle glaucoma. Several analytical procedures are available for the analysis of the cited drugs in their bulk forms, multi-component mixtures, dosage forms or biological mixtures. These procedures are UV-Vis spectrophotometric [1-8], HPLC [9-18], HPTLC [1921] and Chemometric [22,23] assay methods are reported in the literature for the estimation of TIM and TRA individually and in combination with other dugs. For the time being only few reports were found on the direct determination of binary mixture of TIM and TRA through HPLC and direct UV methods [1,15-18]. For this reason, this study describes for the first time the simultaneous ISSN: 2641-2020 DOI: 10.33552/APPR.2019.02.000527
{"title":"Development and Validation of Novel Spectro- Chemometric, Chemometric and TLC-Densitometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Timolol and Travoprost in their Bulk Powders and Pharmaceutical Formulation","authors":"H. Salem","doi":"10.33552/appr.2019.01.000527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/appr.2019.01.000527","url":null,"abstract":"Timolol (TIM) (Figure 1a) is (S)-1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(4morpholin-4-yl-1,2,5-thiadiazole-3-yl) oxy] propan-2-ol. Timolol maleate is nonselective β-adrenergic receptors in the heart and decreases renin activity, all of which may play a role in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure. TIM is indicated for treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, reduction of mortality after myocardial infarction and migraine prophylaxis [1]. Travoprost (TRA) (Figure 1b) is chemically [1R-[1ᾳ(Z),2β(1E,3R),3ᾳ,5ᾳ]]7-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy]1-butenyl]cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoic acid-1-methyl-ethyleste. Travoprost is used in the treatment of glaucoma [1]. Both drugs are still used as a binary mixture in some pharmaceutical preparations for treatment of reduction of elevated intraocular pressure with open-angle glaucoma. Several analytical procedures are available for the analysis of the cited drugs in their bulk forms, multi-component mixtures, dosage forms or biological mixtures. These procedures are UV-Vis spectrophotometric [1-8], HPLC [9-18], HPTLC [1921] and Chemometric [22,23] assay methods are reported in the literature for the estimation of TIM and TRA individually and in combination with other dugs. For the time being only few reports were found on the direct determination of binary mixture of TIM and TRA through HPLC and direct UV methods [1,15-18]. For this reason, this study describes for the first time the simultaneous ISSN: 2641-2020 DOI: 10.33552/APPR.2019.02.000527","PeriodicalId":8291,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80137046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-27DOI: 10.33552/appr.2019.01.000526
Maria Rizvi
Music is used everywhere for entertainment purpose. It can be played at work, home, gym, restaurant, cafes and during travel. People listen to music even for hours. Recent technology of mobiles has made access to music easier than before. As now people can listen to music wherever they are going and these days individuals are spending more time and money on it [1]. Music listening while traveling is a popular activity which is increasing day by day. Approximately 90% of the transport has musical manifestation. It influences a person traveling in a stress condition. Soft music helps to get rid off from anxiety and feel relaxed. But hard rock or heavy metal music puts negative effect on one’s mood [2]. Renal damage of proximal tubules or hyperglycemia causes glucosuria. Normally, all the filtered glucose is reabsorbed by these proximal tubules. Diabetes mellitus and stress causes hyperglycemia. Glucose starts appearing in urine when ultrafiltrate concentration and blood concentration increase from the absorption level of proximal tubules. Detection of glucose is done by enzymatic reaction of glucose oxidase that is specified for glucose. Shelf life of reagent pads is limited. So sunlight protection should be given. If concentration of glucose is low and ascorbic acid is in high concentration in urine than ascorbic acid interferes with this test and false negative results are produced. Formaldehyde also produces false negative results. For false positive results, sample must be contaminated with hypochlorite, chlorine or hypochlorite [3]. Basic purpose of this study is finding any relationship between urine glucose and music listening during travel.
{"title":"Is there any Relation Between Glucose in Urine with Music Listening During Travel?","authors":"Maria Rizvi","doi":"10.33552/appr.2019.01.000526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/appr.2019.01.000526","url":null,"abstract":"Music is used everywhere for entertainment purpose. It can be played at work, home, gym, restaurant, cafes and during travel. People listen to music even for hours. Recent technology of mobiles has made access to music easier than before. As now people can listen to music wherever they are going and these days individuals are spending more time and money on it [1]. Music listening while traveling is a popular activity which is increasing day by day. Approximately 90% of the transport has musical manifestation. It influences a person traveling in a stress condition. Soft music helps to get rid off from anxiety and feel relaxed. But hard rock or heavy metal music puts negative effect on one’s mood [2]. Renal damage of proximal tubules or hyperglycemia causes glucosuria. Normally, all the filtered glucose is reabsorbed by these proximal tubules. Diabetes mellitus and stress causes hyperglycemia. Glucose starts appearing in urine when ultrafiltrate concentration and blood concentration increase from the absorption level of proximal tubules. Detection of glucose is done by enzymatic reaction of glucose oxidase that is specified for glucose. Shelf life of reagent pads is limited. So sunlight protection should be given. If concentration of glucose is low and ascorbic acid is in high concentration in urine than ascorbic acid interferes with this test and false negative results are produced. Formaldehyde also produces false negative results. For false positive results, sample must be contaminated with hypochlorite, chlorine or hypochlorite [3]. Basic purpose of this study is finding any relationship between urine glucose and music listening during travel.","PeriodicalId":8291,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82379666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-25DOI: 10.33552/appr.2019.01.000525
M. Rahmatullah
The connection between humans and plants definitely exist since the dawn of human beings. Not only humans (Homo sapiens) possibly evolved into a world teeming with plants in the African late middle Pleistocene period [1], they also from the very start had to use the plants as sources of daily diet and nutrition, and quite possibly for therapeutic purposes. That plants may have served to cure diseases in early humans is borne out by various types of fossil records [2]. There are manifold ways how ancient humans learnt the therapeutic values of plants, like trial and error, through watching the behavior of the great apes and other animal species, who instinctively partake of some plants for medicinal purposes [3], and also possibly on the basis or organoleptic properties [4]. Plants produce secondary metabolites having pharmacological activities, which can prove useful in treatment of diseases. Considering the possibly more than 250,000 species of plant that exist in the world at present, this represents a huge number of different secondary metabolites with a huge potential for curing existing and emerging diseases.
{"title":"Folk Medicine in Bangladesh: Healing with Plants by a Practitioner in Kushtia District","authors":"M. Rahmatullah","doi":"10.33552/appr.2019.01.000525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/appr.2019.01.000525","url":null,"abstract":"The connection between humans and plants definitely exist since the dawn of human beings. Not only humans (Homo sapiens) possibly evolved into a world teeming with plants in the African late middle Pleistocene period [1], they also from the very start had to use the plants as sources of daily diet and nutrition, and quite possibly for therapeutic purposes. That plants may have served to cure diseases in early humans is borne out by various types of fossil records [2]. There are manifold ways how ancient humans learnt the therapeutic values of plants, like trial and error, through watching the behavior of the great apes and other animal species, who instinctively partake of some plants for medicinal purposes [3], and also possibly on the basis or organoleptic properties [4]. Plants produce secondary metabolites having pharmacological activities, which can prove useful in treatment of diseases. Considering the possibly more than 250,000 species of plant that exist in the world at present, this represents a huge number of different secondary metabolites with a huge potential for curing existing and emerging diseases.","PeriodicalId":8291,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Research","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86050378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-13DOI: 10.33552/APPR.2019.01.000524
L. Callaghan, Paul McCarro, M. Scott, Patrick McKee, G. Conlon-Bingham, D. Farren, Alan Tate, Stuart Murray, Eoin Dunnen, Kathryn Burnettn
Peripheral Venous Catheters (PVC) are an essential component in modern healthcare, with approximately a third of all UK and US inpatients having at least one device inserted during their hospital stay [1,3]. Peripheral venous cannulation carries a number of risks to both patient and health care staff, resulting in additional workload and increased costs [4,5]. A 2015 study reported that 59% of patients worldwide had at least one PVC in situ during an international prevalence study involving 14 countries [6]. It is estimated that up to 80% of patients require at least one PVC to be inserted during their hospital stay [7]. ISSN: 2641-2020 DOI: 10.33552/APPR.2019.01.000524
{"title":"The Impact of Peripheral Venous Catheter Procedural Kits on Improving Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalised Patients","authors":"L. Callaghan, Paul McCarro, M. Scott, Patrick McKee, G. Conlon-Bingham, D. Farren, Alan Tate, Stuart Murray, Eoin Dunnen, Kathryn Burnettn","doi":"10.33552/APPR.2019.01.000524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/APPR.2019.01.000524","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral Venous Catheters (PVC) are an essential component in modern healthcare, with approximately a third of all UK and US inpatients having at least one device inserted during their hospital stay [1,3]. Peripheral venous cannulation carries a number of risks to both patient and health care staff, resulting in additional workload and increased costs [4,5]. A 2015 study reported that 59% of patients worldwide had at least one PVC in situ during an international prevalence study involving 14 countries [6]. It is estimated that up to 80% of patients require at least one PVC to be inserted during their hospital stay [7]. ISSN: 2641-2020 DOI: 10.33552/APPR.2019.01.000524","PeriodicalId":8291,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Research","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77765228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-12DOI: 10.33552/appr.2019.01.000522
M. Al-Najjar
{"title":"An Overview of Ocular Microbiology: Ocular Microbiota, the Effect of Contact Lenses and Ocular Disease","authors":"M. Al-Najjar","doi":"10.33552/appr.2019.01.000522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/appr.2019.01.000522","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8291,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81778315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-12DOI: 10.33552/appr.2019.01.000523
M. Rahmatullah
{"title":"Tribal Medicinal Plants: Documentation of Medicinal Plants Used by a Mogh Tribal Healer in Bandarban District, Bangladesh","authors":"M. Rahmatullah","doi":"10.33552/appr.2019.01.000523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/appr.2019.01.000523","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8291,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83562786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.33552/APPR.2019.01.000521
Owolabi Do, Bagbe As
Mosquito belongs to the family Culicidae, order Diptera. Over 3,000 known species had been identified. The family Culicidae is a large, abundant, well-known and important group of flies. The early stages; egg, larval and pupal are aquatic. Mosquito larvae or wigglers are found in variety of aquatic situations such as ponds, pools, water in artificial containers, in tree holes with each species occurring in particular type of aquatic habitat [1,2]. The larvae of most species feed on algae and organic debris but a few are predaceous and feed on other mosquito larvae.When considering human welfare, mosquitoes are important because the females of many species are blood suckers, they annoy humans and other animals, and they may transmit the pathogens that cause human and animal diseases. The pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes include viruses (arboviruses), filarial worms (helminths) and protozoa. Mosquitoes are the indirect cause of more morbidity and mortality among humans than any other group of organisms [3].
{"title":"Assessment of Physico-Chemical and Ecological Variables in Selected Natural Breeding Sites of Mosquitoes in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"Owolabi Do, Bagbe As","doi":"10.33552/APPR.2019.01.000521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/APPR.2019.01.000521","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquito belongs to the family Culicidae, order Diptera. Over 3,000 known species had been identified. The family Culicidae is a large, abundant, well-known and important group of flies. The early stages; egg, larval and pupal are aquatic. Mosquito larvae or wigglers are found in variety of aquatic situations such as ponds, pools, water in artificial containers, in tree holes with each species occurring in particular type of aquatic habitat [1,2]. The larvae of most species feed on algae and organic debris but a few are predaceous and feed on other mosquito larvae.When considering human welfare, mosquitoes are important because the females of many species are blood suckers, they annoy humans and other animals, and they may transmit the pathogens that cause human and animal diseases. The pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes include viruses (arboviruses), filarial worms (helminths) and protozoa. Mosquitoes are the indirect cause of more morbidity and mortality among humans than any other group of organisms [3].","PeriodicalId":8291,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87979582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.33552/APPR.2019.01.000520
Abduelmula R Abduelkarem
{"title":"Autism Teachers’ Perceptions of Students’ Behaviors and Different Education Techniques, in the UAE","authors":"Abduelmula R Abduelkarem","doi":"10.33552/APPR.2019.01.000520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/APPR.2019.01.000520","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8291,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Research","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83691549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-30DOI: 10.33552/APPR.2019.01.000519
B. Abdolkarimi
Metronomic chemotherapy is the continual, systemic administration of non-toxic chemotherapy doses that target proliferating endothelial cells during tumor angiogenesis [1]. This strategy began 40 years ago in adult oncology, but there is few experiences in pediatric settings [2]. After a systematic review on evidence-based documents and selection of metronomic chemotherapy protocols from the literature; eligible patients were received this kind of chemotherapy after informed consent taken from their parents.
{"title":"Metronomic Chemotherapy in Selected Children with Refractory Tumors; Report of Four Cases and a Review of the Literature","authors":"B. Abdolkarimi","doi":"10.33552/APPR.2019.01.000519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/APPR.2019.01.000519","url":null,"abstract":"Metronomic chemotherapy is the continual, systemic administration of non-toxic chemotherapy doses that target proliferating endothelial cells during tumor angiogenesis [1]. This strategy began 40 years ago in adult oncology, but there is few experiences in pediatric settings [2]. After a systematic review on evidence-based documents and selection of metronomic chemotherapy protocols from the literature; eligible patients were received this kind of chemotherapy after informed consent taken from their parents.","PeriodicalId":8291,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Research","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81728705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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