Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.30476/ACRR.2020.46538
M. Siri, S. Hosseini, S. Dastghaib, P. Mokarram
Abstract: 1. Context Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stess) is associated with endoplasmic reticulum perturbation homeostasis. Prolonged ER stress conditions may induce cell death. Unfolded protein response (UPR) attempts to restore normal cell conditions. 2. Evidence Acquisition There now exists an emergent body of evidence identifying the WNT signaling network as a regulator of cancer cell metabolism. Given that existing findings show that the WNT pathway and ER stress regulates changes in metabolic activities of cancer cells suggesting these signaling pathways represent critical nodes in the regulation of central metabolism in tumors. 3. Results Findings suggest that the molecular cross-talks between hypoxic ER stress, Wnt/βcatenin signaling, may represent an important mechanism that enables some tumor subtypes to survival and grow in hypoxic conditions. 4. Conclusions The present article disuses differential effects of the activation of the three arms of UPR, namely endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activation transcription factor -6 (ATF-6), and inositol –requiring enzyme (IRE-1) on cancer. This review also highlights regulators and downstream effectors of Wnt cascade and addresses the increasingly apparent crosstalk of Wnt with other tumorigenic signaling pathways.
{"title":"Crosstalk Between ER Stress, Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and Wnt Signaling Pathway in Cancer","authors":"M. Siri, S. Hosseini, S. Dastghaib, P. Mokarram","doi":"10.30476/ACRR.2020.46538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/ACRR.2020.46538","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: 1. Context Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stess) is associated with endoplasmic reticulum perturbation homeostasis. Prolonged ER stress conditions may induce cell death. Unfolded protein response (UPR) attempts to restore normal cell conditions. 2. Evidence Acquisition There now exists an emergent body of evidence identifying the WNT signaling network as a regulator of cancer cell metabolism. Given that existing findings show that the WNT pathway and ER stress regulates changes in metabolic activities of cancer cells suggesting these signaling pathways represent critical nodes in the regulation of central metabolism in tumors. 3. Results Findings suggest that the molecular cross-talks between hypoxic ER stress, Wnt/βcatenin signaling, may represent an important mechanism that enables some tumor subtypes to survival and grow in hypoxic conditions. 4. Conclusions The present article disuses differential effects of the activation of the three arms of UPR, namely endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activation transcription factor -6 (ATF-6), and inositol –requiring enzyme (IRE-1) on cancer. This review also highlights regulators and downstream effectors of Wnt cascade and addresses the increasingly apparent crosstalk of Wnt with other tumorigenic signaling pathways.","PeriodicalId":8370,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Colorectal Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78267953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.30476/ACRR.2019.46388
S. Fakher, S. Hosseini, Mozhdeh Zamani, L. Ghahramani, P. Mokaram
Background: Cancer research is highly dependent of large amount of data and high quality samples which can be provided by networks to enable large-scale multi-center research projects. Biologic materials, such as blood, tissue samples, DNA, body fluids and the related data obtained in cohorts and clinical trials are valuable sources for research which should be managed by policies and standard operating procedures as biorepositories or biobanks. Methods and evidence acquisition: The authors investigated and summarized pubmed database articles using biobanks and describing the policies. Conclusion: biobanking as a young discipline in different countries needs new technologies, standards and harmonization. In this review article, we have an overview on biorepository, cancer biobanking and the emerging registry in Iran. Background: Cancer research is highly dependent of large amount of data and high quality samples which can be provided by networks to enable large-scale multi-center research projects. Biologic materials, such as blood, tissue samples, DNA, body fluids and the related data obtained in cohorts and clinical trials are valuable sources for research which should be managed by policies and standard operating procedures as biorepositories or biobanks. Methods and evidence acquisition: The authors investigated and summarized pubmed database articles using biobanks and describing the policies. Conclusion: biobanking as a young discipline in different countries needs new technologies, standards and harmonization. In this review article, we have an overview on biorepository, cancer biobanking and the emerging registry in Iran.
{"title":"Cancer bio-repository","authors":"S. Fakher, S. Hosseini, Mozhdeh Zamani, L. Ghahramani, P. Mokaram","doi":"10.30476/ACRR.2019.46388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/ACRR.2019.46388","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer research is highly dependent of large amount of data and high quality samples which can be provided by networks to enable large-scale multi-center research projects. Biologic materials, such as blood, tissue samples, DNA, body fluids and the related data obtained in cohorts and clinical trials are valuable sources for research which should be managed by policies and standard operating procedures as biorepositories or biobanks. Methods and evidence acquisition: The authors investigated and summarized pubmed database articles using biobanks and describing the policies. Conclusion: biobanking as a young discipline in different countries needs new technologies, standards and harmonization. In this review article, we have an overview on biorepository, cancer biobanking and the emerging registry in Iran. Background: Cancer research is highly dependent of large amount of data and high quality samples which can be provided by networks to enable large-scale multi-center research projects. Biologic materials, such as blood, tissue samples, DNA, body fluids and the related data obtained in cohorts and clinical trials are valuable sources for research which should be managed by policies and standard operating procedures as biorepositories or biobanks. Methods and evidence acquisition: The authors investigated and summarized pubmed database articles using biobanks and describing the policies. Conclusion: biobanking as a young discipline in different countries needs new technologies, standards and harmonization. In this review article, we have an overview on biorepository, cancer biobanking and the emerging registry in Iran.","PeriodicalId":8370,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Colorectal Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87525217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.74s1-rp201a
Isabelle Beaudry-Bellefeuille, A. Lane, E. Ramos-Polo, S. Lane
Background: Adequate sensory perception and reactivity to sensory stimuli associated with defecation is key to successful stool toileting. Preliminary reports suggests that some of the difficulties that many children with FDD experience with toileting could be related to sensory hyper-reactivity. Objective: This study investigated the relationship between sensory hyper-reactivity and functional defecation disorders (FDD). Methods: Parents of three to six-year-old children with and without FDD completed two questionnaires; the Toileting Habit Profile Questionnaire-Revised (THPQ-R; tool that measures sensory hyper-reactivity to defecation related sensations) and the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). On both questionnaires, low scores indicate more concerns. Between group comparisons and the relationship between scores on the THPQ-R and on the sensory hyper-reactivity items of the SSP were examined. Results: The sensory hyper-reactivity mean score of the SSP was lower for children with FDD. The difference was statistically significant (p < .0005). There was a positive correlation between THPQ-R and SSP hyper-reactivity scores (r274 = .485, p < .0005). Further, higher levels of sensory hyperreactivity (low SSP score) were associated with a higher frequency of the challenging defecation behaviors described in the THPQ-R (low THPQ-R score). Conclusion: Health practitioners do not usually consider sensory hyper-reactivity as a possible factor contributing to the difficulties of the child with FDD. Our results indicate that routine screening for sensory hyper-reactivity may be an important practice element when working with children with FDD. In addition, the present study adds support to the validity of the THPQ-R in identifying behaviors potentially linked to sensory hyper-reactivity.
背景:与排便相关的感官知觉和对感官刺激的反应是成功排便的关键。初步报告显示，许多患有FDD的儿童在如厕方面遇到的一些困难可能与感觉过度反应有关。目的:探讨感觉超反应性与功能性排便障碍(FDD)的关系。方法:3 ~ 6岁有和无FDD儿童的家长填写两份问卷;如厕习惯调查问卷(THPQ-R);测量排便相关感觉的超反应性的工具)和短感觉轮廓(SSP)。在这两份问卷中，分数越低，说明越担心。比较两组间比较，并检查THPQ-R和SSP中感觉超反应性项目得分之间的关系。结果:FDD患儿感觉超反应性平均SSP得分较低。差异有统计学意义(p < .0005)。THPQ-R与SSP超反应性评分呈正相关(r274 = 0.485, p < 0.0005)。此外，高水平的感觉超反应性(低SSP评分)与THPQ-R(低THPQ-R评分)中描述的挑战性排便行为的频率较高相关。结论:保健医生通常不认为感觉过度反应是导致FDD儿童困难的一个可能因素。我们的研究结果表明，在治疗FDD儿童时，常规的感觉超反应性筛查可能是一个重要的实践元素。此外，本研究进一步支持了THPQ-R在识别可能与感觉超反应性相关的行为方面的有效性。
{"title":"Examining Hyper-Reactivity to Defecation-Related Sensations in Children With Functional Defecation Disorders (FDD)","authors":"Isabelle Beaudry-Bellefeuille, A. Lane, E. Ramos-Polo, S. Lane","doi":"10.5014/ajot.2020.74s1-rp201a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.74s1-rp201a","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adequate sensory perception and reactivity to sensory stimuli associated with defecation is key to successful stool toileting. Preliminary reports suggests that some of the difficulties that many children with FDD experience with toileting could be related to sensory hyper-reactivity. Objective: This study investigated the relationship between sensory hyper-reactivity and functional defecation disorders (FDD). Methods: Parents of three to six-year-old children with and without FDD completed two questionnaires; the Toileting Habit Profile Questionnaire-Revised (THPQ-R; tool that measures sensory hyper-reactivity to defecation related sensations) and the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). On both questionnaires, low scores indicate more concerns. Between group comparisons and the relationship between scores on the THPQ-R and on the sensory hyper-reactivity items of the SSP were examined. Results: The sensory hyper-reactivity mean score of the SSP was lower for children with FDD. The difference was statistically significant (p < .0005). There was a positive correlation between THPQ-R and SSP hyper-reactivity scores (r274 = .485, p < .0005). Further, higher levels of sensory hyperreactivity (low SSP score) were associated with a higher frequency of the challenging defecation behaviors described in the THPQ-R (low THPQ-R score). Conclusion: Health practitioners do not usually consider sensory hyper-reactivity as a possible factor contributing to the difficulties of the child with FDD. Our results indicate that routine screening for sensory hyper-reactivity may be an important practice element when working with children with FDD. In addition, the present study adds support to the validity of the THPQ-R in identifying behaviors potentially linked to sensory hyper-reactivity.","PeriodicalId":8370,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Colorectal Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78890390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.30476/ACRR.2019.45941
A. Izadpanah, S. Hosseini, M. Al-Qanbar, Mozhdeh Zamani, Behnam Kadkhodaei
Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer causes many deaths worldwide and rectal cancer includes one-third of them. Surgical mesorectal excision along with preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is known as the standard treatment for rectal cancer. However, inaccurate preoperative staging is a main concern which leads to large number of patients not being treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Selection of the best treatment approach for these patients is controversial. Although significant better survival was observed is patients who received postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation compared with patients who treated with surgery alone, other studies did not find such results. Due to these contradictory results, this study was designed to further evaluate the survival outcomes in rectal cancer patients who received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy without neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: Totally 197 rectal cancer patients who received adjuvant chemoradiation were included in this study. The demographic and clinico-pathological characteristics of the patients were evaluated by statistical analysis. Results: Based on the univariate cox regression, poor disease free survival (DFS) was significantly associated with male sex and T3 stage. Poor overall survival (OS) was also associated with stage II/III, T3/T4, NI/NII, grade II/III, positive node number (> 3), perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and margin involvement. According to the multivariate cox regression, independent predictive factors for DFS were T3 andT4 stage, and for OS were also T3/ T4 stage, grade II/ III and lymphovascular invasion. Conclusions: Taken together, obtained results indicated that combined adjuvant chemoradiation contributes to improve survival outcomes in the rectal cancer patients who did not received neoadjuvant therapy.
{"title":"The Results and Outcomes of Rectal Cancer Treatment in the Era of Adjuvant Chemoradiation","authors":"A. Izadpanah, S. Hosseini, M. Al-Qanbar, Mozhdeh Zamani, Behnam Kadkhodaei","doi":"10.30476/ACRR.2019.45941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/ACRR.2019.45941","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer causes many deaths worldwide and rectal cancer includes one-third of them. Surgical mesorectal excision along with preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is known as the standard treatment for rectal cancer. However, inaccurate preoperative staging is a main concern which leads to large number of patients not being treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Selection of the best treatment approach for these patients is controversial. Although significant better survival was observed is patients who received postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation compared with patients who treated with surgery alone, other studies did not find such results. Due to these contradictory results, this study was designed to further evaluate the survival outcomes in rectal cancer patients who received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy without neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: Totally 197 rectal cancer patients who received adjuvant chemoradiation were included in this study. The demographic and clinico-pathological characteristics of the patients were evaluated by statistical analysis. Results: Based on the univariate cox regression, poor disease free survival (DFS) was significantly associated with male sex and T3 stage. Poor overall survival (OS) was also associated with stage II/III, T3/T4, NI/NII, grade II/III, positive node number (> 3), perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and margin involvement. According to the multivariate cox regression, independent predictive factors for DFS were T3 andT4 stage, and for OS were also T3/ T4 stage, grade II/ III and lymphovascular invasion. Conclusions: Taken together, obtained results indicated that combined adjuvant chemoradiation contributes to improve survival outcomes in the rectal cancer patients who did not received neoadjuvant therapy.","PeriodicalId":8370,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Colorectal Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86677148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.30476/ACRR.2019.45966
Sara Senti Farraraons, A. González, C. Velazquez, Clara Gené Škrabec, I. C. Ausàs
Desmoid tumor, also called aggressive fibromatosis, is a rare fibroblastic proliferation of connective tissue and skeletal muscle aponeurosis. The aetiology of desmoid tumours is poorly understood, but they have been related with oestrogen stimuli, previous trauma, surgical interventions and pregnancy. Although it is characterized by not having potential for metastasize or differentiate, it is a non-encapsulated lesion, with an infiltrative growth and unpredictable behaviour. In this way, it could have either an aggressive pattern, when compared with other low degree malignancy sarcomas, or a very indolent one, even with spontaneous regression. Therapeutic options in desmoid tumours have been changing over these last years, as surgery upfront in asymptomatic patients has been superseded by active surveillance. However, treatment has to be individualized in some specific scenarios such as intra-abdominal lesions. We present two cases of patients diagnosed with an intra-abdominal desmoid tumour with threatening behaviour, the treatment approach and final resolution.
{"title":"Desmoid tumor initially unresectable – About two cases","authors":"Sara Senti Farraraons, A. González, C. Velazquez, Clara Gené Škrabec, I. C. Ausàs","doi":"10.30476/ACRR.2019.45966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30476/ACRR.2019.45966","url":null,"abstract":"Desmoid tumor, also called aggressive fibromatosis, is a rare fibroblastic proliferation of connective tissue and skeletal muscle aponeurosis. The aetiology of desmoid tumours is poorly understood, but they have been related with oestrogen stimuli, previous trauma, surgical interventions and pregnancy. Although it is characterized by not having potential for metastasize or differentiate, it is a non-encapsulated lesion, with an infiltrative growth and unpredictable behaviour. In this way, it could have either an aggressive pattern, when compared with other low degree malignancy sarcomas, or a very indolent one, even with spontaneous regression. Therapeutic options in desmoid tumours have been changing over these last years, as surgery upfront in asymptomatic patients has been superseded by active surveillance. However, treatment has to be individualized in some specific scenarios such as intra-abdominal lesions. We present two cases of patients diagnosed with an intra-abdominal desmoid tumour with threatening behaviour, the treatment approach and final resolution.","PeriodicalId":8370,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Colorectal Research","volume":"173 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76114237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. V. Lorenzo, F. M. Agel, R. A. Belando, E. Mengual
Background: Carcinoid tumors are the most common neuroendocrine tumors. In recent years, these tumors have had an increasein incidence, which is probably due to a higher number of them being incidentally found as a result of the rise of preventivemedicine.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze a series of digestive carcinoid tumors detected by conventional endoscopy and/or echoendoscopyto evaluate the prevalence of those located in the colon and rectum, and subsequently make a comparison with data availablein the literature.Methods: In this retrospective, multicenter study (two centers), the clinical records of 100 white patients with more than 100 digestivecarcinoid tumors (some multiple) diagnosed from 1994 to 2018 were reviewed.Results: The mean age of presentation was 52 years and 57% of the patients were men. The mean tumor size was 10 mm. The localizationof the tumors was: stomach 43% (n = 43); duodenum 5% (n = 5); intestine 8% (n = 8); appendix 14% (n = 14); colon 4% (n = 4);rectum 19% (n = 19); pancreas 3% (n = 3); liver 2% (n = 2); gallbladder 1% (n = 1); primary tumor of unknown origin 1% (n = 1). Mostmultifocal tumors were in the stomach (20%; n = 20), followed by the duodenum (1%; n = 1) and intestine (1%; n = 1). Metastases andcarcinoid syndrome were observed in 6% and 5% of the cases, respectively. General survival at the closure of the study was 80%.Conclusions: Age and sex were similar to those described in the literature, while the colon and rectum represented 23% of all carcinoidtumors. There was a predominance of gastroduodenal and rectal carcinoid tumors, probably because the series analyzedwas essentially endoscopic. In comparison with the literature, less cases of metastases or carcinoid syndrome were recorded andsurvival was greater, perhaps due to earlier diagnosis and treatment.
{"title":"Prevalence of Neuroendocrine Tumors in the Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Systems","authors":"M. V. Lorenzo, F. M. Agel, R. A. Belando, E. Mengual","doi":"10.5812/ACR.88004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ACR.88004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Carcinoid tumors are the most common neuroendocrine tumors. In recent years, these tumors have had an increasein incidence, which is probably due to a higher number of them being incidentally found as a result of the rise of preventivemedicine.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze a series of digestive carcinoid tumors detected by conventional endoscopy and/or echoendoscopyto evaluate the prevalence of those located in the colon and rectum, and subsequently make a comparison with data availablein the literature.Methods: In this retrospective, multicenter study (two centers), the clinical records of 100 white patients with more than 100 digestivecarcinoid tumors (some multiple) diagnosed from 1994 to 2018 were reviewed.Results: The mean age of presentation was 52 years and 57% of the patients were men. The mean tumor size was 10 mm. The localizationof the tumors was: stomach 43% (n = 43); duodenum 5% (n = 5); intestine 8% (n = 8); appendix 14% (n = 14); colon 4% (n = 4);rectum 19% (n = 19); pancreas 3% (n = 3); liver 2% (n = 2); gallbladder 1% (n = 1); primary tumor of unknown origin 1% (n = 1). Mostmultifocal tumors were in the stomach (20%; n = 20), followed by the duodenum (1%; n = 1) and intestine (1%; n = 1). Metastases andcarcinoid syndrome were observed in 6% and 5% of the cases, respectively. General survival at the closure of the study was 80%.Conclusions: Age and sex were similar to those described in the literature, while the colon and rectum represented 23% of all carcinoidtumors. There was a predominance of gastroduodenal and rectal carcinoid tumors, probably because the series analyzedwas essentially endoscopic. In comparison with the literature, less cases of metastases or carcinoid syndrome were recorded andsurvival was greater, perhaps due to earlier diagnosis and treatment.","PeriodicalId":8370,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Colorectal Research","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74970658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Dehghanian, Zahra Azhir, Atefe Akbari, Z. Hojati
Yes-associated protein (YAP1), the downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, plays important roles in the regulation of tissue reconstruction,stem cell proliferation, and development of different cancers. The regulation of YAP1 phosphorylation, YAP1 expressionlevel, and its cellular localization have been considered in cancer development. There are different experimental evidences thatindicate that YAP1 activation results in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. YAP1 is a transcription co-activator, andits dysregulation has been suggested in various cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). The localization of YAP1 in the nucleusresults in YAP1 interactions with different transcription factors to promote the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation,metastasis, and stem cell maintenance. However, a number of studies have been reported the tumor suppressor role of YAP1 in CRC.Therefore, a better understanding of the YAP1 regulation could be helpful for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC. In thisreview, we will discuss different roles of YAP1 in CRC progression through the regulatory roles of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs),microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (CircRNAs) in YAP1 regulation.
Yes-associated protein (YAP1)是Hippo通路的下游效应蛋白，在组织重建、干细胞增殖和不同癌症发生的调控中发挥重要作用。YAP1磷酸化的调控、YAP1的表达水平及其在细胞中的定位在癌症的发展中被考虑。不同的实验证据表明，YAP1激活导致肿瘤发生、肿瘤进展和转移。YAP1是一种转录共激活因子，其失调已被发现在包括结直肠癌(CRC)在内的多种癌症中。YAP1在细胞核中的定位导致YAP1与不同的转录因子相互作用，促进参与细胞增殖、转移和干细胞维持的基因表达。然而，许多研究报道了YAP1在结直肠癌中的抑瘤作用。因此，更好地了解YAP1的调控有助于CRC的预防、诊断和治疗。在这篇综述中，我们将通过长链非编码rna (LncRNAs)、microRNAs (miRNAs)和环状rna (CircRNAs)在YAP1调控中的调节作用来讨论YAP1在CRC进展中的不同作用。
{"title":"New Insights into the Roles of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP1) in Colorectal Cancer Development and Progression","authors":"F. Dehghanian, Zahra Azhir, Atefe Akbari, Z. Hojati","doi":"10.5812/ACR.96458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ACR.96458","url":null,"abstract":"Yes-associated protein (YAP1), the downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, plays important roles in the regulation of tissue reconstruction,stem cell proliferation, and development of different cancers. The regulation of YAP1 phosphorylation, YAP1 expressionlevel, and its cellular localization have been considered in cancer development. There are different experimental evidences thatindicate that YAP1 activation results in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. YAP1 is a transcription co-activator, andits dysregulation has been suggested in various cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). The localization of YAP1 in the nucleusresults in YAP1 interactions with different transcription factors to promote the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation,metastasis, and stem cell maintenance. However, a number of studies have been reported the tumor suppressor role of YAP1 in CRC.Therefore, a better understanding of the YAP1 regulation could be helpful for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC. In thisreview, we will discuss different roles of YAP1 in CRC progression through the regulatory roles of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs),microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (CircRNAs) in YAP1 regulation.","PeriodicalId":8370,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Colorectal Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80374174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Preliminary testing of novel drugs for colorectal conditions must be performed on animal models, with invertebratemodels desirable for practical reasons. The insect excretory organs, the Malpighian tubules, have been cited as models for humanrenal disease research because they differentially express several genes homologous to those differentially expressed in humankidneys. Their role in excretion and homeostasis suggests that they could be models for human colorectal disease. The insect Carausiusmorosus (Phasmatodea) has been a model organism for decades. Regarding its potential use as a colorectal disease model,it has an advantage over other insects in that excretion in Phasmatodea is split between two organs: Malpighian tubules and thePhasmatodea-specific “appendices of the midgut”.Objectives: To find homologues of human colon genes expressed in the excretory tissues of C. morosus for potential use in drugtesting and other experiments requiring an animal model.Methods: Pre-existing transcriptomics data for the excretory system of the C. morosus were examined to find genes homologous tothose known to have elevated expression in the human colon. This was done with the goal of possibly determining the excretorytissues in which they are differentially expressed.Results: Exactly sixty transcripts from the excretory system transcriptome of C. morosus showed high sequence homology withhuman colon-specific genes, with a minimum e-value of 1e-50. Examples include solute carriers, myosin, bestrophin, carbonic anhydrase,and nitric oxide synthase. Several genes were identified with prognostic value for renal, pancreatic, endometrial, liver, skin,and urothelial cancers.Conclusions: C. morosus can be used as model insect for human medical research applications, including colorectal drug testing.
{"title":"Carausius morosus (Phasmatodea) Homologues of Human Genes with Elevated Expression in the Colon","authors":"M. Shelomi","doi":"10.5812/ACR.93703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ACR.93703","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preliminary testing of novel drugs for colorectal conditions must be performed on animal models, with invertebratemodels desirable for practical reasons. The insect excretory organs, the Malpighian tubules, have been cited as models for humanrenal disease research because they differentially express several genes homologous to those differentially expressed in humankidneys. Their role in excretion and homeostasis suggests that they could be models for human colorectal disease. The insect Carausiusmorosus (Phasmatodea) has been a model organism for decades. Regarding its potential use as a colorectal disease model,it has an advantage over other insects in that excretion in Phasmatodea is split between two organs: Malpighian tubules and thePhasmatodea-specific “appendices of the midgut”.Objectives: To find homologues of human colon genes expressed in the excretory tissues of C. morosus for potential use in drugtesting and other experiments requiring an animal model.Methods: Pre-existing transcriptomics data for the excretory system of the C. morosus were examined to find genes homologous tothose known to have elevated expression in the human colon. This was done with the goal of possibly determining the excretorytissues in which they are differentially expressed.Results: Exactly sixty transcripts from the excretory system transcriptome of C. morosus showed high sequence homology withhuman colon-specific genes, with a minimum e-value of 1e-50. Examples include solute carriers, myosin, bestrophin, carbonic anhydrase,and nitric oxide synthase. Several genes were identified with prognostic value for renal, pancreatic, endometrial, liver, skin,and urothelial cancers.Conclusions: C. morosus can be used as model insect for human medical research applications, including colorectal drug testing.","PeriodicalId":8370,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Colorectal Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81931382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear Editor, In medicine, the clinical spectrum of vector-borne diseases is an important issue. In particular, the colorectal involvement of these diseases has attracted much interest. In a previous publication, the interrelationship between the dengue virus and colorectal disease was explored (1). In the present article, the author would like to highlight the importance of investigating the relationship between Zika virus infection and colorectal disease. Zika virus disease is an emerging vector-borne disease presently considered as a significant public health problem. As a new disease, further clinical research on this condition is still required. To the best of our knowledge, the colorectal presentation of Zika virus infection is yet to be reported. Nevertheless, it has already been ascertained that the Zika virus can infect the colorectal mucosa (2). In a recent report by Li et al. the Zika virus was reported to be able to infect rectal mucosa, with this pathology being related to the fecal shedding of the virus (2). The Zika virus can also be detected using rectal swabs (3, 4); a recent report demonstrated that rectal swab samples led to positive viral tests in 10% of patients infected with the Zika virus (4). Rectal infection with the Zika virus can explain the disease transmission via homosexual contact, which is an important mode of Zika virus infection (5). It can also imply the necessity for infection control during any medical procedure involving the colorectal area. Finally, it is an interesting research issue to follow up whether any clinical problems are caused by Zika virus infection at the colorectal mucosa.
{"title":"Zika Virus Infection and Colorectal Involvement","authors":"V. Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.5812/ACR.93108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ACR.93108","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, In medicine, the clinical spectrum of vector-borne diseases is an important issue. In particular, the colorectal involvement of these diseases has attracted much interest. In a previous publication, the interrelationship between the dengue virus and colorectal disease was explored (1). In the present article, the author would like to highlight the importance of investigating the relationship between Zika virus infection and colorectal disease. Zika virus disease is an emerging vector-borne disease presently considered as a significant public health problem. As a new disease, further clinical research on this condition is still required. To the best of our knowledge, the colorectal presentation of Zika virus infection is yet to be reported. Nevertheless, it has already been ascertained that the Zika virus can infect the colorectal mucosa (2). In a recent report by Li et al. the Zika virus was reported to be able to infect rectal mucosa, with this pathology being related to the fecal shedding of the virus (2). The Zika virus can also be detected using rectal swabs (3, 4); a recent report demonstrated that rectal swab samples led to positive viral tests in 10% of patients infected with the Zika virus (4). Rectal infection with the Zika virus can explain the disease transmission via homosexual contact, which is an important mode of Zika virus infection (5). It can also imply the necessity for infection control during any medical procedure involving the colorectal area. Finally, it is an interesting research issue to follow up whether any clinical problems are caused by Zika virus infection at the colorectal mucosa.","PeriodicalId":8370,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Colorectal Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72713313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For most patients with colorectal cancer, laparoscopic surgery is considered the gold-standard approach as it features the advantages of minimally invasive surgery and is as oncologically safe as the conventional approach. However, during the past decades,there has been major controversy about the indications and feasibility of the laparoscopic approach for patients with colorectal neoplasm. In this paper, we review the evolution of laparoscopy in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
{"title":"Principles of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Colorectal Cancer, A Mini Review Article","authors":"J. Ruiz-Tovar","doi":"10.5812/ACR.90936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ACR.90936","url":null,"abstract":"For most patients with colorectal cancer, laparoscopic surgery is considered the gold-standard approach as it features the advantages of minimally invasive surgery and is as oncologically safe as the conventional approach. However, during the past decades,there has been major controversy about the indications and feasibility of the laparoscopic approach for patients with colorectal neoplasm. In this paper, we review the evolution of laparoscopy in the treatment of colorectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":8370,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Colorectal Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72787099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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