Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.2753/CSA0009-4625410201
Guo Xing-hua
Why do we obey the law? This question may be rephrased as, why do we not obey the law? U.S. social psychologist Tom Tyler once proposed the very same question with reference to the actual conditions of the United States in the mid-1980s, and produced a marvelous answer as to why U.S. citizens obey the law. Thirty years have passed since China began its transition to rule of law in 1978. A multitude of scholars have staged fierce debates on the theoretical basis of China’s legal reforms, but few have attempted to interpret and document the current state of legal awareness and conduct of Chinese citizens using empirical research methods. We have not seen the use of empirical methods in China to answer the question, why do Chinese citizens not obey the law? Petty crime is commonplace on the streets of modern China. Chinese people are all too familiar with the armies of ticket touts that flock around railway stations during the peak season of the Spring Festival, people selling fake graduation certificates and invoices in broad daylight under overpasses, and pickpockets scattered among passengers at bus stations. In addition, the “official data” as published in the Annual of Chinese Law are particularly noteworthy. In 1987, a total of 1,234,910
{"title":"Why Do We Obey the Law? A Comparative Study of Legal Awareness Among U.S. and Chinese Citizens","authors":"Guo Xing-hua","doi":"10.2753/CSA0009-4625410201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSA0009-4625410201","url":null,"abstract":"Why do we obey the law? This question may be rephrased as, why do we not obey the law? U.S. social psychologist Tom Tyler once proposed the very same question with reference to the actual conditions of the United States in the mid-1980s, and produced a marvelous answer as to why U.S. citizens obey the law. Thirty years have passed since China began its transition to rule of law in 1978. A multitude of scholars have staged fierce debates on the theoretical basis of China’s legal reforms, but few have attempted to interpret and document the current state of legal awareness and conduct of Chinese citizens using empirical research methods. We have not seen the use of empirical methods in China to answer the question, why do Chinese citizens not obey the law? Petty crime is commonplace on the streets of modern China. Chinese people are all too familiar with the armies of ticket touts that flock around railway stations during the peak season of the Spring Festival, people selling fake graduation certificates and invoices in broad daylight under overpasses, and pickpockets scattered among passengers at bus stations. In addition, the “official data” as published in the Annual of Chinese Law are particularly noteworthy. In 1987, a total of 1,234,910","PeriodicalId":84447,"journal":{"name":"Chinese sociology and anthropology","volume":"3 1","pages":"40 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74151592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.2753/CSA0009-4625410100
A. Day
“The central China school of rural studies,” a multidisciplinary current, emerged in the late 1990s among rural sociologists, anthropologists, and political scientists studying at the Center for Chinese Rural Studies at Huazhong Normal University (CCRS). The name “Huazhong xiangtupai” (hereafter “the central China school”) became attached to them after a critical review of their work (translated in this issue of Chinese Sociology and Anthropology) was published in 2005. Disagreements among scholars attached to CCRS led He Xuefeng, Wu Yi, and others to leave CCRS and found the Center for Research on Rural Governance (CRRG) at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, where the central China school is now largely based. The school has provoked debate not only on the condition of rural Chinese society and rural policy, but also on the direction of rural studies itself. Reflecting on Chinese rural studies and influenced by the work of Fei Xiaotong, the school has pushed for the construction of a Chinese understanding of contemporary rural society and its transformation, one it believes can be formed only through intensive ethnographic research. Invoking the title of Fei Xiaotong’s Xiangtu Zhongguo (translated by Gary Hamilton and Wang Zheng as From the Soil: The Foundations of Chinese Society), He Xuefeng, now sociology professor and director of CRRG, published Xin xiangtu Zhongguo (New Rural China) in 2003, a collection of ethnographic observations that led to the school’s name.
{"title":"The Central China School of Rural Studies: Guest Editor's Introduction","authors":"A. Day","doi":"10.2753/CSA0009-4625410100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSA0009-4625410100","url":null,"abstract":"“The central China school of rural studies,” a multidisciplinary current, emerged in the late 1990s among rural sociologists, anthropologists, and political scientists studying at the Center for Chinese Rural Studies at Huazhong Normal University (CCRS). The name “Huazhong xiangtupai” (hereafter “the central China school”) became attached to them after a critical review of their work (translated in this issue of Chinese Sociology and Anthropology) was published in 2005. Disagreements among scholars attached to CCRS led He Xuefeng, Wu Yi, and others to leave CCRS and found the Center for Research on Rural Governance (CRRG) at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, where the central China school is now largely based. The school has provoked debate not only on the condition of rural Chinese society and rural policy, but also on the direction of rural studies itself. Reflecting on Chinese rural studies and influenced by the work of Fei Xiaotong, the school has pushed for the construction of a Chinese understanding of contemporary rural society and its transformation, one it believes can be formed only through intensive ethnographic research. Invoking the title of Fei Xiaotong’s Xiangtu Zhongguo (translated by Gary Hamilton and Wang Zheng as From the Soil: The Foundations of Chinese Society), He Xuefeng, now sociology professor and director of CRRG, published Xin xiangtu Zhongguo (New Rural China) in 2003, a collection of ethnographic observations that led to the school’s name.","PeriodicalId":84447,"journal":{"name":"Chinese sociology and anthropology","volume":"115 1","pages":"3 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86204249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-01DOI: 10.2753/CSA0009-4625410103
Ying Xing
Over the past decade, research on villager self-government has been a hot topic in contemporary China studies. It is rare that other topics attract as much attention as this from both academic and government circles, Chinese and foreign alike. However, despite all this attention, it is also rare that this field produces any profound new insights into rural Chinese society during the present period of transition, especially its complex social contradictions and subtle webs of relationships. In particular, although villager self-government was originally a creation of individual villages themselves, for various reasons it was quickly embraced by the state system to become something imposed by the state on most villages in a top-down manner, so it can basically be called an exogenous variable. In practice, such a highly contingent exogenous variable is inevitably shaped by the operational mechanisms of internal village relations and the solution of practical problems. However, most analysts—from idealistic democrats to utilitarian pragmatists—fail to deal with the relationship between villager committee elections, issues of village governance, and the internal mechanisms of villager interaction.
{"title":"Critique of a New Trend in Villager Self-Government Studies","authors":"Ying Xing","doi":"10.2753/CSA0009-4625410103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSA0009-4625410103","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, research on villager self-government has been a hot topic in contemporary China studies. It is rare that other topics attract as much attention as this from both academic and government circles, Chinese and foreign alike. However, despite all this attention, it is also rare that this field produces any profound new insights into rural Chinese society during the present period of transition, especially its complex social contradictions and subtle webs of relationships. In particular, although villager self-government was originally a creation of individual villages themselves, for various reasons it was quickly embraced by the state system to become something imposed by the state on most villages in a top-down manner, so it can basically be called an exogenous variable. In practice, such a highly contingent exogenous variable is inevitably shaped by the operational mechanisms of internal village relations and the solution of practical problems. However, most analysts—from idealistic democrats to utilitarian pragmatists—fail to deal with the relationship between villager committee elections, issues of village governance, and the internal mechanisms of villager interaction.","PeriodicalId":84447,"journal":{"name":"Chinese sociology and anthropology","volume":"185 1","pages":"43 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75628199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-01DOI: 10.2753/CSA0009-4625400406
Su Cuiwei
Damage to the environment has now become a principal cause of poverty as well as a key factor limiting the alleviation of poverty. As society develops, people attach increasing importance to “harmony between people and nature” and sustainable development of the environment. Various countries have passed policies, laws, and regulations to protect natural resources. However, due to population growth and overexploitation, the environment has been seriously damaged. If we examine humanity and social organization more deeply, we find that one of the important reasons for such damage lies in our long-standing disregard of local people’s (men’s and women’s) ability to manage and use their communities’ natural resources effectively and in a sustainable manner.
{"title":"Community, Livelihood, and Gender: Tracing the Development of the Gender and Natural Resource Management Group","authors":"Su Cuiwei","doi":"10.2753/CSA0009-4625400406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSA0009-4625400406","url":null,"abstract":"Damage to the environment has now become a principal cause of poverty as well as a key factor limiting the alleviation of poverty. As society develops, people attach increasing importance to “harmony between people and nature” and sustainable development of the environment. Various countries have passed policies, laws, and regulations to protect natural resources. However, due to population growth and overexploitation, the environment has been seriously damaged. If we examine humanity and social organization more deeply, we find that one of the important reasons for such damage lies in our long-standing disregard of local people’s (men’s and women’s) ability to manage and use their communities’ natural resources effectively and in a sustainable manner.","PeriodicalId":84447,"journal":{"name":"Chinese sociology and anthropology","volume":"58 1","pages":"79 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91395764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-01DOI: 10.2753/CSA0009-4625400407
Liang Jun
The Henan Community Education Research Center undertook an “Integrated Community Intervention for the Prevention and Cure of AIDS” project from September 2002 to January 2004 in Dinglou village, Shangcai county, Henan province—a high AIDS–occurrence region. The project was funded by Oxfam Hong Kong, and its purpose was to explore a community-based model of care and support work, and promote the prevention and cure of AIDS. We were the first nongovernmental organization financially supported by an outside organization that was involved in AIDS prevention and cure work in Shangcai county. At that time, the situation was extremely difficult: (1) we had neither experience nor even basic knowledge regarding the prevention and cure of AIDS. We accepted this project only due to our sense of mission and responsibility; (2) we had no local partner whom we could understand and trust and who could understand and trust us, so we had to do everything ourselves; (3) for various reasons, AIDS was a very sensitive topic in Henan province and this greatly affected project operation. However, after working hard for more than a year, we did obtain preliminary results in our work in a pilot village. We also obtained the trust of the pertinent departments of Shangcai county government and the villagers of Dinglou village, which laid the foundation for later work. Shangcai county is the second most populous county in Henan province. It has a population of 1.33 million, 95 percent of whom are rural people. It is officially
{"title":"The Prevention and Cure of AIDS in Rural Areas: Experiences in Community Intervention","authors":"Liang Jun","doi":"10.2753/CSA0009-4625400407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSA0009-4625400407","url":null,"abstract":"The Henan Community Education Research Center undertook an “Integrated Community Intervention for the Prevention and Cure of AIDS” project from September 2002 to January 2004 in Dinglou village, Shangcai county, Henan province—a high AIDS–occurrence region. The project was funded by Oxfam Hong Kong, and its purpose was to explore a community-based model of care and support work, and promote the prevention and cure of AIDS. We were the first nongovernmental organization financially supported by an outside organization that was involved in AIDS prevention and cure work in Shangcai county. At that time, the situation was extremely difficult: (1) we had neither experience nor even basic knowledge regarding the prevention and cure of AIDS. We accepted this project only due to our sense of mission and responsibility; (2) we had no local partner whom we could understand and trust and who could understand and trust us, so we had to do everything ourselves; (3) for various reasons, AIDS was a very sensitive topic in Henan province and this greatly affected project operation. However, after working hard for more than a year, we did obtain preliminary results in our work in a pilot village. We also obtained the trust of the pertinent departments of Shangcai county government and the villagers of Dinglou village, which laid the foundation for later work. Shangcai county is the second most populous county in Henan province. It has a population of 1.33 million, 95 percent of whom are rural people. It is officially","PeriodicalId":84447,"journal":{"name":"Chinese sociology and anthropology","volume":"25 1","pages":"90 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89875010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-01DOI: 10.2753/CSA0009-4625400402
Lin Zhibin
Based on its understanding of development, the international community has asked that all governments and people combat poverty and strive for gender equality. Consequently, the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women passed the “Plan of Action,” which made women’s poverty an area of concern. Ten years have now passed and tremendous changes have occurred in Chinese society and in our awareness of development. The formation of the Chinese government’s views on development—“taking people as the foundation” and “harmonious society”—are the result of rethinking past approaches to development, which were centered on economic growth. Gender-sensitive interpretations of these new approaches to development can make them a platform for Chinese women fighting for gender equality. Based on this train of thought, this article reflects on women’s poverty, the fight against poverty, and the great efforts that the government and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have made in this area. At the same time, it analyzes women’s poverty from new perspectives and seeks to create a framework for analyzing women’s poverty by synthesizing approaches based on human development indicators and considerations of income, time, and asset poverty.
{"title":"Chinese Women and Poverty Alleviation: Reflections and Prospects for the Future","authors":"Lin Zhibin","doi":"10.2753/CSA0009-4625400402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2753/CSA0009-4625400402","url":null,"abstract":"Based on its understanding of development, the international community has asked that all governments and people combat poverty and strive for gender equality. Consequently, the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women passed the “Plan of Action,” which made women’s poverty an area of concern. Ten years have now passed and tremendous changes have occurred in Chinese society and in our awareness of development. The formation of the Chinese government’s views on development—“taking people as the foundation” and “harmonious society”—are the result of rethinking past approaches to development, which were centered on economic growth. Gender-sensitive interpretations of these new approaches to development can make them a platform for Chinese women fighting for gender equality. Based on this train of thought, this article reflects on women’s poverty, the fight against poverty, and the great efforts that the government and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have made in this area. At the same time, it analyzes women’s poverty from new perspectives and seeks to create a framework for analyzing women’s poverty by synthesizing approaches based on human development indicators and considerations of income, time, and asset poverty.","PeriodicalId":84447,"journal":{"name":"Chinese sociology and anthropology","volume":"04 1","pages":"27 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85933779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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