Cet article a pour but de saisir la dynamique des changements socio-économiques qui ont prévalu tout au long de l’histoire dans quatre quartiers paysans de la Martinique. Le paysannat martiniquais, structuré dès ses débuts dans la dépendance des grandes plantations, n’a pu composer qu’avec les contraintes agraires et sociales que cette dépendance imposait. La départementalisation de 1946 et l’effondrement de l’activité agricole ont provoqué la désarticulation de la société traditionnelle et profondément transformé le paysannat martiniquais.
{"title":"Paysannerie et « rurbanisation » : le cas de la Martinique","authors":"R. Baril","doi":"10.7202/1084164ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1084164ar","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article a pour but de saisir la dynamique des\u0000changements socio-économiques qui ont prévalu tout au\u0000long de l’histoire dans quatre quartiers paysans de la\u0000Martinique. Le paysannat martiniquais, structuré dès ses\u0000débuts dans la dépendance des grandes plantations, n’a pu\u0000composer qu’avec les contraintes agraires et sociales que\u0000cette dépendance imposait. La départementalisation de\u00001946 et l’effondrement de l’activité agricole ont provoqué\u0000la désarticulation de la société traditionnelle et profondément\u0000transformé le paysannat martiniquais.","PeriodicalId":84519,"journal":{"name":"Culture (Canadian Ethnology Society)","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73702713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Les discours subjectifs de Segalen et de Sennett élaborés à propos de la paysannerie et de l’urbanisation au XIXe siècle soulèvent la question de l’idéologie du pouvoir des femmes dans la famille. Cette idéologie se présente dans ces études sous la forme d’une illusion/allusion car le rôle social des femmes est défini à partir d’un rapport imaginaire de celles-ci à leurs conditions réelles d’existence, c’est-à-dire fondé sur un postulat d’équilibre des rôles de l’homme et de la femme au sein des ménages. Notre hypothèse est que le rôle social des femmes doit être analysé à partir de l’histoire éthico-politique, c’est-à-dire à partir de l’expression culturelle d’une conjoncture historique. Ceci implique que le pouvoir des femmes ne peut être envisagé qu’en regard du fait que celles-ci constituent ou non un groupe social de la société civile ou politique au sens gramscien du terme. Ainsi, dans la famille urbaine et rurale du XIXe siècle, l’assignation des femmes est idéologique et leur rupture avec la production sociale est matérielle.
{"title":"Quand le pouvoir des femmes se fait illusion/allusion","authors":"L. Tassé","doi":"10.7202/1084162ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1084162ar","url":null,"abstract":"Les discours subjectifs de Segalen et de Sennett\u0000élaborés à propos de la paysannerie et de l’urbanisation au\u0000XIXe siècle soulèvent la question de l’idéologie du pouvoir\u0000des femmes dans la famille. Cette idéologie se présente dans\u0000ces études sous la forme d’une illusion/allusion car le rôle\u0000social des femmes est défini à partir d’un rapport imaginaire\u0000de celles-ci à leurs conditions réelles d’existence,\u0000c’est-à-dire fondé sur un postulat d’équilibre des rôles de\u0000l’homme et de la femme au sein des ménages. Notre\u0000hypothèse est que le rôle social des femmes doit être analysé\u0000à partir de l’histoire éthico-politique, c’est-à-dire à partir\u0000de l’expression culturelle d’une conjoncture historique.\u0000Ceci implique que le pouvoir des femmes ne peut être\u0000envisagé qu’en regard du fait que celles-ci constituent ou\u0000non un groupe social de la société civile ou politique au sens\u0000gramscien du terme. Ainsi, dans la famille urbaine et rurale\u0000du XIXe siècle, l’assignation des femmes est idéologique et\u0000leur rupture avec la production sociale est matérielle.","PeriodicalId":84519,"journal":{"name":"Culture (Canadian Ethnology Society)","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85507305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La pena dans la sierra équatorienne réfère à la fois à un état d’âme et à une maladie. La présente description s’intéresse aux référents corporels, comportementaux, symboliques et psychologiques ainsi qu’à la réaction communautaire et aux modes de traitement. L’analyse porte sur des données en provenance de quatre provinces différentes. La conclusion fournit quelques indications concernant l’étude épidémiologique comparative de la tristesse et de la dépression.
{"title":"La pena dans la sierra équatorienne : étude psycho-anthropologique de la tristesse","authors":"M. Tousignant","doi":"10.7202/1084160ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1084160ar","url":null,"abstract":"La pena dans la sierra équatorienne réfère à la fois à\u0000un état d’âme et à une maladie. La présente description\u0000s’intéresse aux référents corporels, comportementaux,\u0000symboliques et psychologiques ainsi qu’à la réaction communautaire\u0000et aux modes de traitement. L’analyse porte\u0000sur des données en provenance de quatre provinces\u0000différentes. La conclusion fournit quelques indications concernant\u0000l’étude épidémiologique comparative de la tristesse\u0000et de la dépression.","PeriodicalId":84519,"journal":{"name":"Culture (Canadian Ethnology Society)","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80361703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author presents examples of pathogenic influence of culture. He identifies specific pathogenic factors associated with rapid socio-cultural change affecting North American Indians and African populations and sketches the resulting typical psychopathological conditions: anomic depression in Amerindians, transient psychotic reactions (bouffée délirante) in Africans. Witchcraft and sorcery beliefs often characterize the clinical picture of psychotic reactions in “marginal” Africans and in transplanted South Europeans of tradition-directed background. Examples are provided which illustrate the emergence, metamorphosis and epidemic spreading of so-called “culture-bound syndromes” under changing socio-economic, cultural and political conditions. Ritualized possession and trance states, as well as religious rituals in general, are to be separated from psychopathological phenomena in order to avoid eurocentric and positivistic fallacies in psychiatric diagnosis.
{"title":"Culture and\u0000Psychopathology Revisited","authors":"W. Jilek","doi":"10.7202/1084158ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1084158ar","url":null,"abstract":"The author presents examples of pathogenic influence\u0000of culture. He identifies specific pathogenic\u0000factors associated with rapid socio-cultural change affecting\u0000North American Indians and African populations\u0000and sketches the resulting typical psychopathological\u0000conditions: anomic depression in Amerindians, transient\u0000psychotic reactions (bouffée délirante) in Africans.\u0000Witchcraft and sorcery beliefs often characterize the\u0000clinical picture of psychotic reactions in “marginal”\u0000Africans and in transplanted South Europeans of tradition-directed background. Examples are provided\u0000which illustrate the emergence, metamorphosis and\u0000epidemic spreading of so-called “culture-bound syndromes”\u0000under changing socio-economic, cultural and\u0000political conditions. Ritualized possession and trance\u0000states, as well as religious rituals in general, are to be\u0000separated from psychopathological phenomena in order\u0000to avoid eurocentric and positivistic fallacies in psychiatric\u0000diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":84519,"journal":{"name":"Culture (Canadian Ethnology Society)","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86088690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies of the changing outport family have emphasized the role of modern fishing technology in undermining the traditional patrilocal extended family and have overlooked the tenacity of traditional family values, identification with the fishery and sense of community in everyday life. This paper focuses on a southwest coastal outport village and describes the variety of women’s attitudes towards family concerns such as courtship and marriage, birth control, child-rearing, male and female work roles. Cultural continuity and the integrity of the family have been maintained through the mechanisms of strong female networks, a powerful egalitarian ethic, and pride in the past.
{"title":"The Family and Social Change in the Newfoundland Outport","authors":"D. Davis","doi":"10.7202/1084156ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1084156ar","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of the changing outport family have emphasized\u0000the role of modern fishing technology in\u0000undermining the traditional patrilocal extended family\u0000and have overlooked the tenacity of traditional family\u0000values, identification with the fishery and sense of community\u0000in everyday life. This paper focuses on a southwest\u0000coastal outport village and describes the variety of\u0000women’s attitudes towards family concerns such as\u0000courtship and marriage, birth control, child-rearing, male\u0000and female work roles. Cultural continuity and the\u0000integrity of the family have been maintained through the\u0000mechanisms of strong female networks, a powerful\u0000egalitarian ethic, and pride in the past.","PeriodicalId":84519,"journal":{"name":"Culture (Canadian Ethnology Society)","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81067537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Québécois nationalist ideologies base the uniqueness of Québécois identity on distinctive cultural traditions which, they urge, need to be protected. Among other cultural specialists, folklorists have worked to document traditional Québécois culture. But such research ‘objectifies’ traditional culture by placing it in new settings and attaching new meanings to it. And folklorists, as traditional in Québec as ‘tradition’ itself, thereby change the culture that they intended to preserve. Thus the question arises: was Québec ever a folk society, homogeneous and isolated, or were folk traditions continually recreated by scholars and nationalists alike?
{"title":"In Search of the Folk Society: Nationalism and Folklore Studies in Quebec","authors":"R. Handler","doi":"10.7202/1084163ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1084163ar","url":null,"abstract":"Québécois nationalist ideologies base the uniqueness\u0000of Québécois identity on distinctive cultural traditions\u0000which, they urge, need to be protected. Among other\u0000cultural specialists, folklorists have worked to document\u0000traditional Québécois culture. But such research ‘objectifies’\u0000traditional culture by placing it in new settings and\u0000attaching new meanings to it. And folklorists, as traditional\u0000in Québec as ‘tradition’ itself, thereby change the\u0000culture that they intended to preserve. Thus the question\u0000arises: was Québec ever a folk society, homogeneous and\u0000isolated, or were folk traditions continually recreated by\u0000scholars and nationalists alike?","PeriodicalId":84519,"journal":{"name":"Culture (Canadian Ethnology Society)","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88474822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the factors involved in the development, political process, and guiding principles of a title system which formed the basis of polity on Pingelap atoll in the Eastern Carolines. The evolution of the system of titles is discussed with particular attention to the historical and geographical factors involved in its development, and the effects of contact with other cultures on that system. Comparisons are drawn within Micronesia and used to create a base for broader examination of Pacific polities.
{"title":"The Title System of Pingelap and the Diversity of Atoll Political Organizations","authors":"D. Damas","doi":"10.7202/1084155ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1084155ar","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the factors involved in the\u0000development, political process, and guiding principles of\u0000a title system which formed the basis of polity on Pingelap\u0000atoll in the Eastern Carolines. The evolution of the\u0000system of titles is discussed with particular attention to\u0000the historical and geographical factors involved in its\u0000development, and the effects of contact with other\u0000cultures on that system. Comparisons are drawn within\u0000Micronesia and used to create a base for broader\u0000examination of Pacific polities.","PeriodicalId":84519,"journal":{"name":"Culture (Canadian Ethnology Society)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88342491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following the exclusion of their children from the nearby Anglo high school in June 1965, a series of events occurred at the reserve community of Winoque which culminated in an apparently unrelated dispute over the proposed use of band funds to secure independence from the town. The community had been divided between two factions, self-defined as crowds. The leader of the crowd I identified as Restricters was the chief; the leader of the other crowd I identified as Extenders would be that chiefs opposition in the November elections. Crowds then, were in part ideologically committed to action at the Indian/non Indian boundary. Restricters idealized this as a barrier or void whereas Extenders idealized it as a path or boundary zone. Put to the test in the issue of whether the community should send its children back to the high school, if invited, the crowds were forced to modify positions in the face of public opinion.
{"title":"An Affair to Remember: Winoque, 1965","authors":"Tom F. S. McFeat","doi":"10.7202/1084161ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1084161ar","url":null,"abstract":"Following the exclusion of their children from the\u0000nearby Anglo high school in June 1965, a series of events\u0000occurred at the reserve community of Winoque which\u0000culminated in an apparently unrelated dispute over the\u0000proposed use of band funds to secure independence from\u0000the town.\u0000 The community had been divided between two\u0000factions, self-defined as crowds. The leader of the crowd I\u0000identified as Restricters was the chief; the leader of the\u0000other crowd I identified as Extenders would be that\u0000chiefs opposition in the November elections.\u0000 Crowds then, were in part ideologically committed to\u0000action at the Indian/non Indian boundary. Restricters\u0000idealized this as a barrier or void whereas Extenders\u0000idealized it as a path or boundary zone. Put to the test in\u0000the issue of whether the community should send its\u0000children back to the high school, if invited, the crowds\u0000were forced to modify positions in the face of public\u0000opinion.","PeriodicalId":84519,"journal":{"name":"Culture (Canadian Ethnology Society)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82137103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jamais plus comme avant ! - Le Québec de 1945 à 1960","authors":"G. Baril","doi":"10.7202/1084107ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1084107ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84519,"journal":{"name":"Culture (Canadian Ethnology Society)","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74388090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ideological struggle between pro-development sentiments and environmentalist challenges to them is a complex mix of consciously articulated beliefs and commonsense assumptions about what land isfor and how it should be managed. The paper presents an ethnographic approach to documenting expressions of this intellectual contest in contemporary British Columbia. I address the question of how pro-development and pro-wilderness views seek to establish moral authority, focusing on both the symbolic importance of key themes about forestry and mining in Canadian history and the cooption of alleged aboriginal ethics concerning land use.
{"title":"Contesting Ideologies of Natural Resource Development in British Columbia, Canada","authors":"David Trigger","doi":"10.7202/1084103ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1084103ar","url":null,"abstract":"The ideological struggle between pro-development sentiments and environmentalist challenges to them is a complex mix of consciously articulated beliefs and commonsense assumptions about what land isfor and how it should be managed. The paper presents an ethnographic approach to documenting expressions of this intellectual contest in contemporary British Columbia. I address the question of how pro-development and pro-wilderness views seek to establish moral authority, focusing on both the symbolic importance of key themes about forestry and mining in Canadian history and the cooption of alleged aboriginal ethics concerning land use.","PeriodicalId":84519,"journal":{"name":"Culture (Canadian Ethnology Society)","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80983978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：