Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i330256
J. I. Bungudu, L. Shuaibu
The levels of Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) were determined in six different samples of Borehole waters obtained from six designated areas of Birnin Kebbi metropolis, Nigeria using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals ranged from 0.0005 mg/L Cr to 0.2108 mg/L Fe. The relative abundance of the metals in Borehole waters followed the sequence of Fe (0.1769 mg/L)> Cr (0.0342 mg/L)> Cu (0.0298 mg/L)> Zn (0.0052 mg/L). The levels of Cr and other metals were found below the SON/WHO recommended safe limits for metals in water. The low concentration of Cr and absence of Pb in all the samples examined are indications that these Borehole waters contribute fewer toxic effects of metals. The pH values of the water samples were far below the recommended values by the SON/WHO and these could be adjusted through pH correction.
{"title":"Levels of Some Heavy Metals in Borehole Waters of Birnin Kebbi Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"J. I. Bungudu, L. Shuaibu","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i330256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i330256","url":null,"abstract":"The levels of Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) were determined in six different samples of Borehole waters obtained from six designated areas of Birnin Kebbi metropolis, Nigeria using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals ranged from 0.0005 mg/L Cr to 0.2108 mg/L Fe. The relative abundance of the metals in Borehole waters followed the sequence of Fe (0.1769 mg/L)> Cr (0.0342 mg/L)> Cu (0.0298 mg/L)> Zn (0.0052 mg/L). The levels of Cr and other metals were found below the SON/WHO recommended safe limits for metals in water. The low concentration of Cr and absence of Pb in all the samples examined are indications that these Borehole waters contribute fewer toxic effects of metals. The pH values of the water samples were far below the recommended values by the SON/WHO and these could be adjusted through pH correction.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74930341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i330257
F. Camellia, M. Ashrafuzzaman, M. Islam, L. Banu, M. Kudrat-E-Zahan
The condensation of aromatic aldehyde with amine results in the formation of Schiff's bases, which are considered to be one of the most significant groups of ligands. Schiff's base metal complexes have received a lot of attention because of their high biological activity. Such include antimicrobial, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. The current research is focused on the synthesis and characterization of two Schiff's base ligands obtained from the reaction of isoniazid with 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzaldehyde (L1) and 5-nitro-2-furfurldehyde (L2), respectively and their metal complexes with Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ ions. FT-IR, UV-Vis, conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility (µeff) measurements were used to describe the ligands (L1 and L2) and their complexes. The square planar geometry of Cu2+ and Ni2+ complexes, as well as the tetrahedral geometry of Zn2+ complexes, are supported by the Uv-Vis spectra and magnetic moments data. Their antibacterial effectiveness against various pathogenic microorganisms was evaluated in the presence of standard Kanamycin-30. The CuL2 complex, among all the metal complexes derived from the L2 ligand, exhibited better antibacterial activity against S. aureus than that of Kanamycin-30. When compared to the BHT antioxidant, all Cu2+ complexes showed excellent efficacy.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Studies of Isoniazid-based Schiff Base Ligands and Their Metal Complexes","authors":"F. Camellia, M. Ashrafuzzaman, M. Islam, L. Banu, M. Kudrat-E-Zahan","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i330257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i330257","url":null,"abstract":"The condensation of aromatic aldehyde with amine results in the formation of Schiff's bases, which are considered to be one of the most significant groups of ligands. Schiff's base metal complexes have received a lot of attention because of their high biological activity. Such include antimicrobial, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. The current research is focused on the synthesis and characterization of two Schiff's base ligands obtained from the reaction of isoniazid with 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzaldehyde (L1) and 5-nitro-2-furfurldehyde (L2), respectively and their metal complexes with Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ ions. FT-IR, UV-Vis, conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility (µeff) measurements were used to describe the ligands (L1 and L2) and their complexes. The square planar geometry of Cu2+ and Ni2+ complexes, as well as the tetrahedral geometry of Zn2+ complexes, are supported by the Uv-Vis spectra and magnetic moments data. Their antibacterial effectiveness against various pathogenic microorganisms was evaluated in the presence of standard Kanamycin-30. The CuL2 complex, among all the metal complexes derived from the L2 ligand, exhibited better antibacterial activity against S. aureus than that of Kanamycin-30. When compared to the BHT antioxidant, all Cu2+ complexes showed excellent efficacy.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72647443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i230254
E. Ezeani, N. Ngobiri, I. Agbagwa
The Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) is the total of different types of hydrocarbons in the crude oil mixture. It includes volatile petroleum hydrocarbons and extractable petroleum hydrocarbons. The TPH determination techniques are primarily grouped into spectroscopic (ultraviolet spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy) and non- spectroscopic (gravimetric, immunoassay, gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MSD), gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID)) techniques. Solvent and the sample characteristics determine the efficiency of the techniques. This paper compares spectroscopic (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy) and non-spectroscopic (gravimetric and gas chromatography) methods in the determination of TPH in soil. Spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic techniques are efficient, but the paper recommends spectroscopic techniques because the techniques are efficient with small operational time, and are safer in occupational health and safety issues. In addition their results are accurate and reliable.
{"title":"A Review of Techniques for the Determination of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soils","authors":"E. Ezeani, N. Ngobiri, I. Agbagwa","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i230254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i230254","url":null,"abstract":"The Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) is the total of different types of hydrocarbons in the crude oil mixture. It includes volatile petroleum hydrocarbons and extractable petroleum hydrocarbons. The TPH determination techniques are primarily grouped into spectroscopic (ultraviolet spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy) and non- spectroscopic (gravimetric, immunoassay, gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MSD), gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID)) techniques. Solvent and the sample characteristics determine the efficiency of the techniques. This paper compares spectroscopic (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy) and non-spectroscopic (gravimetric and gas chromatography) methods in the determination of TPH in soil. Spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic techniques are efficient, but the paper recommends spectroscopic techniques because the techniques are efficient with small operational time, and are safer in occupational health and safety issues. In addition their results are accurate and reliable.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89063824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-14DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i230252
M. O. Ogbu, M. B. Fugu, A. Fulata, C. V. Nnam-Obi, D. E. Ndukwu
The recent surge in drug resistance and failure is belief to be a factor in the trend for the isolation of natural products from plants and other sources. This is largely due to the efficacy and safety of their components. Haemanthamine is an alkaloid of Amaryllidaceae family, the compound was reported to have lots of medicinal effects against microbes and some forms of cancers with significantly low or no side effects. The plant Daffodil is one of the commonest reservour of this alkaloid and used traditionally in the treatment of urinary disease, headache, fever, swelling growth, joint ailments, skin diseases, bruises, sprains, respiratory problems, gastrointestinal disorders among others. These medicinal potential of the plant stimulated our interest to isolate and characterized the Haemanthamine alkaloids from the plant using NMR and Mass Spectroscopic Techniques. The results obtained are in good agreement with the previously reported literatures which indicate that Haemanthamine was successfully isolated.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterisation of Haemanthamine Alkaloid from Daffolis Extract using NMR and Mass Spectroscopic Techniques","authors":"M. O. Ogbu, M. B. Fugu, A. Fulata, C. V. Nnam-Obi, D. E. Ndukwu","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i230252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i230252","url":null,"abstract":"The recent surge in drug resistance and failure is belief to be a factor in the trend for the isolation of natural products from plants and other sources. This is largely due to the efficacy and safety of their components. Haemanthamine is an alkaloid of Amaryllidaceae family, the compound was reported to have lots of medicinal effects against microbes and some forms of cancers with significantly low or no side effects. The plant Daffodil is one of the commonest reservour of this alkaloid and used traditionally in the treatment of urinary disease, headache, fever, swelling growth, joint ailments, skin diseases, bruises, sprains, respiratory problems, gastrointestinal disorders among others. These medicinal potential of the plant stimulated our interest to isolate and characterized the Haemanthamine alkaloids from the plant using NMR and Mass Spectroscopic Techniques. The results obtained are in good agreement with the previously reported literatures which indicate that Haemanthamine was successfully isolated.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83640537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i230251
J. I. Bungudu, Lorrie M. Murphy
The sorption uptake of lead by marine brown alga Fucus spiralis was investigated in bimetallic solutions. The experimental data fitted very well to Langmuir model. In bimetallic systems, the affinity of biomass for lead and cadmium increased and the sorption uptake of these metals was not affected by increasing concentrations. However, in solutions with both metals there was a significant mutual decrease of their sorption levels at high concentrations of the other metal. There is practical removal up to 100 ± 4% for biomass dosage 4.0 ±0.1 g which correspond to lowest adsorbed amount of 0.25 ± 0.1 mg/g. The highest adsorbed value was recorded with biomass dosage 0.25 ± 0.1 g but with the lowest percentage removal of 92.50 ± 6%. In this study at initial metal concentration of 10 mg/L the highest metal removal of 96% was achieved.
{"title":"Adsorption Capacity of Lead (II) (Pb2+) in Aqueous Solution by Brown Seaweed (Fucus spiralis)","authors":"J. I. Bungudu, Lorrie M. Murphy","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i230251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i230251","url":null,"abstract":"The sorption uptake of lead by marine brown alga Fucus spiralis was investigated in bimetallic solutions. The experimental data fitted very well to Langmuir model. In bimetallic systems, the affinity of biomass for lead and cadmium increased and the sorption uptake of these metals was not affected by increasing concentrations. However, in solutions with both metals there was a significant mutual decrease of their sorption levels at high concentrations of the other metal. There is practical removal up to 100 ± 4% for biomass dosage 4.0 ±0.1 g which correspond to lowest adsorbed amount of 0.25 ± 0.1 mg/g. The highest adsorbed value was recorded with biomass dosage 0.25 ± 0.1 g but with the lowest percentage removal of 92.50 ± 6%. In this study at initial metal concentration of 10 mg/L the highest metal removal of 96% was achieved.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78432131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-12DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i230249
Abdolahi Mohamed Adawe, Amir O. Yusuf, John Onyattac, Godfrey A. Wafulad
The need for clean and safe consumable water is of vital importance to any society since water is an essential substance for the sustenance of life. Mogadishu is one of the rapidly growing cities in the world with a high population, resulting in poor levels of sanitation and an inadequate clean water supply system. A total of 6 water samples were analyzed from the Mogadishu region in seven sites namely, Rer M.Shiekh, Gorgor, Umu batula, Cisse qodax, Soonikia (digfer), and Tarabuuna (umu caisha) respectively to assess the levels of heavy metals. The levels of selected heavy metals analyzed were Cd, Zn, and Pb, the analysis was done by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and other parameters analyzed were the level of pH, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, water hardness, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS), and the status of water borehole quality in the Southern Mogadishu region, Somalia. The results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO). pH values ranged (8.1-8.9) which were below WHO standard limits except for Cisse qodax borehole (8.9) which was higher than WHO standard limits. Other value for parameters were fluoride (0.28-0.596 mg/L); chloride (279.57-888.92 mg/L); nitrate (4.27-146.6 mg/L); electrical conductivity (1.428-3.280 mS /cm); hardness (229.32-501.76 mg/L); total dissolved solids (1340-3428 mg/L); cadmium (0.03-0.07 mg/L). Lead and zinc were not detected. Hardness, chloride, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), cadmium values were higher than WHO standard limits. Nitrate values were below WHO standard limits except for Umu batula borehole (60.92 mg/L) and Rer M.shiekh borehole (146.6 mg/L) which are values higher than WHO standard limits. All boreholes had low fluoride content. However high cadmium concentration is of much concern health-wise. The presence of heavy metals in the water borehole is of concern since they could impact negatively on human health even at low levels due to their accumulation. This study is of significance in providing information on the heavy metals content of the selected water boreholes in Mogadishu, information that is currently lacking considering the management issues in the Country. Further, it could help in mapping out the boreholes based on their water quality.
对清洁和安全的饮用水的需求对任何社会都是至关重要的，因为水是维持生命的基本物质。摩加迪沙是世界上人口众多、发展迅速的城市之一，导致卫生条件差，清洁水供应系统不足。对来自摩加迪沙地区7个地点的6个水样进行了分析，分别是Rer m . sheikh、Gorgor、Umu batula、Cisse qodax、Soonikia (difer)和Tarabuuna (Umu caisha)，以评估重金属水平。选取的重金属含量为Cd、Zn和Pb，采用原子吸收分光光度计进行分析，分析的其他参数为pH、氟化物、氯化物、硝酸盐、水硬度、电导率和总溶解固体(TDS)水平，以及索马里摩加迪沙南部地区的钻孔水质状况。结果与世界卫生组织(WHO)进行比较。除Cisse qodax钻孔(8.9)高于WHO标准外，其余均低于WHO标准限值。其他参数值为氟化物(0.28 ~ 0.596 mg/L);氯化物(279.57 ~ 888.92 mg/L);硝酸盐(4.27 ~ 146.6 mg/L);电导率(1.428-3.280 mS /cm);硬度(229.32-501.76 mg/L);总溶解固形物(1340-3428 mg/L);镉(0.03-0.07 mg/L)。未检出铅和锌。硬度、氯化物、电导率、总溶解固形物(TDS)、镉值均高于WHO标准限值。除Umu batula钻孔(60.92 mg/L)和Rer m . sheikh钻孔(146.6 mg/L)高于WHO标准值外，其余钻孔的硝酸盐含量均低于WHO标准值。所有钻孔的氟化物含量都很低。然而，高镉浓度在健康方面引起了很大的关注。水井中重金属的存在令人关切，因为它们的积累即使在低水平也会对人体健康产生负面影响。这项研究在提供关于摩加迪沙选定水井重金属含量的资料方面具有重要意义，考虑到该国的管理问题，目前缺乏这种资料。此外，它还可以帮助根据水质绘制钻孔图。
{"title":"Concentration Levels of Heavy Metals and Other Parameters in Water Borehole around Mogadishu Area, Somalia","authors":"Abdolahi Mohamed Adawe, Amir O. Yusuf, John Onyattac, Godfrey A. Wafulad","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i230249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i230249","url":null,"abstract":"The need for clean and safe consumable water is of vital importance to any society since water is an essential substance for the sustenance of life. Mogadishu is one of the rapidly growing cities in the world with a high population, resulting in poor levels of sanitation and an inadequate clean water supply system. A total of 6 water samples were analyzed from the Mogadishu region in seven sites namely, Rer M.Shiekh, Gorgor, Umu batula, Cisse qodax, Soonikia (digfer), and Tarabuuna (umu caisha) respectively to assess the levels of heavy metals. The levels of selected heavy metals analyzed were Cd, Zn, and Pb, the analysis was done by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and other parameters analyzed were the level of pH, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, water hardness, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS), and the status of water borehole quality in the Southern Mogadishu region, Somalia. The results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO). pH values ranged (8.1-8.9) which were below WHO standard limits except for Cisse qodax borehole (8.9) which was higher than WHO standard limits. Other value for parameters were fluoride (0.28-0.596 mg/L); chloride (279.57-888.92 mg/L); nitrate (4.27-146.6 mg/L); electrical conductivity (1.428-3.280 mS /cm); hardness (229.32-501.76 mg/L); total dissolved solids (1340-3428 mg/L); cadmium (0.03-0.07 mg/L). Lead and zinc were not detected. Hardness, chloride, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), cadmium values were higher than WHO standard limits. Nitrate values were below WHO standard limits except for Umu batula borehole (60.92 mg/L) and Rer M.shiekh borehole (146.6 mg/L) which are values higher than WHO standard limits. All boreholes had low fluoride content. However high cadmium concentration is of much concern health-wise. The presence of heavy metals in the water borehole is of concern since they could impact negatively on human health even at low levels due to their accumulation. This study is of significance in providing information on the heavy metals content of the selected water boreholes in Mogadishu, information that is currently lacking considering the management issues in the Country. Further, it could help in mapping out the boreholes based on their water quality.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82607064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i130247
Wellington, Emmanuel, O. Onyeike, Eugene Nwaogwugwu, Peters, Dikioye Emmanuel, Joshua David, Ogbomade, Sampson Joe
There are numerous medicinal plants in the Southern and Eastern Nigeria. These plants are widely utilized in Nigerian traditional system of medicine for the treatment of countless of illnesses. This paper focused on the phytochemical and essential composition of the aerial parts of Leonurus cardiaca. The phytochemical and essential oil screening and characterization were carried out using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Results obtained from this investigation showed seven different terpenoids and their total concentrations were 26.19 x 10-1 (mg/100 g), nine different phenolic acids (506.33 mg/100 g), twelve different saponin (62.33 mg/100 g), seven different cyanogenic glycosides (118.03 mg/100 g), thirteen different glycosides (16.17 mg/100 g), five (5) different anthocyanins (56.53 mg/100 g), twenty six different alkaloids (1.31 mg/100 g), six different flavonoids (7.31 mg/100 g), seven different sterol (5.91 mg/100 g), tannins (426.49 mg/100 g), and phytate (69.12 mg/100 g). Analysis for essential oils showed fourty one different essential oils (100. 00 %). Our uncovering indicated Leonurus cardiaca is an excellent source of terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, anthocyanins, phenolic acid, sterols, cyanogenic glycoside, phytate, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids and essential oils. This present research exemplify the preparatory detection for discretion or selection of Leonurus cardiaca potential source of novel therapies for the treatment of various diseases.
{"title":"Phytochemical and Essential Oil Characterization of the Aerial Parts of Leonurus cardiaca (Motherworth)","authors":"Wellington, Emmanuel, O. Onyeike, Eugene Nwaogwugwu, Peters, Dikioye Emmanuel, Joshua David, Ogbomade, Sampson Joe","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i130247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i130247","url":null,"abstract":"There are numerous medicinal plants in the Southern and Eastern Nigeria. These plants are widely utilized in Nigerian traditional system of medicine for the treatment of countless of illnesses. This paper focused on the phytochemical and essential composition of the aerial parts of Leonurus cardiaca. The phytochemical and essential oil screening and characterization were carried out using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Results obtained from this investigation showed seven different terpenoids and their total concentrations were 26.19 x 10-1 (mg/100 g), nine different phenolic acids (506.33 mg/100 g), twelve different saponin (62.33 mg/100 g), seven different cyanogenic glycosides (118.03 mg/100 g), thirteen different glycosides (16.17 mg/100 g), five (5) different anthocyanins (56.53 mg/100 g), twenty six different alkaloids (1.31 mg/100 g), six different flavonoids (7.31 mg/100 g), seven different sterol (5.91 mg/100 g), tannins (426.49 mg/100 g), and phytate (69.12 mg/100 g). Analysis for essential oils showed fourty one different essential oils (100. 00 %). Our uncovering indicated Leonurus cardiaca is an excellent source of terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, anthocyanins, phenolic acid, sterols, cyanogenic glycoside, phytate, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids and essential oils. This present research exemplify the preparatory detection for discretion or selection of Leonurus cardiaca potential source of novel therapies for the treatment of various diseases.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75177674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i130248
A. Adeleke, S. Adegbite, A. Onifade, A. Sangoremi, A. Adegbite
This study was carried out to investigate the impact of pollution on the receiving waters (Iguosa and Ikopba rivers) in Benin City. Effluents and water samples were analysed quantitatively for the presence of lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) for both wet and dry season were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Heavy metals analysis results for 7-Up Bottling Company showed that Pb (0.06mg/L – 0.97mg/L), Cu (0.12mg/L – 2.84mg/L), Cr (0.5mg/L – 8.16mg/L), Mn (0.88mg/L – 4.36mg/L), Fe (0.55mg/L – 7.55mg/L), Zn (0.38mg/L – 3.97mg/L), Ni (0.27mg/L – 1.66mg/L) and Cd (0.03mg/L – 0.74mg/L) while results for Guinness Nigeria Plc showed that Pb (0.06mg/L – 0.95mg/L), Cu (0.07mg/L – 2.62mg/L), Cr (0.14mg/L – 2.96mg/L), Mn (0.16mg/L – 6.63mg/L), Fe (0.31mg/L – 4.96mg/L), Zn (0.14mg/L – 7.98mg/L), Ni (0.12mg/L – 1.69mg/L) and Cd (0.03mg/L – 0.56mg/L) for both wet and dry season. This showed that the concentrations of the metals were higher during wet season than the dry season except that of lead and cadmium. However, the presence of metals at various concentrations revealed that the effluents from these industries contaminated the stream.
{"title":"Seasonal Variation of Heavy Metals Concentration of Industrial Effluents and Receiving Rivers in Iguosa and Ikopba, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Adeleke, S. Adegbite, A. Onifade, A. Sangoremi, A. Adegbite","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i130248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i130248","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate the impact of pollution on the receiving waters (Iguosa and Ikopba rivers) in Benin City. Effluents and water samples were analysed quantitatively for the presence of lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) for both wet and dry season were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Heavy metals analysis results for 7-Up Bottling Company showed that Pb (0.06mg/L – 0.97mg/L), Cu (0.12mg/L – 2.84mg/L), Cr (0.5mg/L – 8.16mg/L), Mn (0.88mg/L – 4.36mg/L), Fe (0.55mg/L – 7.55mg/L), Zn (0.38mg/L – 3.97mg/L), Ni (0.27mg/L – 1.66mg/L) and Cd (0.03mg/L – 0.74mg/L) while results for Guinness Nigeria Plc showed that Pb (0.06mg/L – 0.95mg/L), Cu (0.07mg/L – 2.62mg/L), Cr (0.14mg/L – 2.96mg/L), Mn (0.16mg/L – 6.63mg/L), Fe (0.31mg/L – 4.96mg/L), Zn (0.14mg/L – 7.98mg/L), Ni (0.12mg/L – 1.69mg/L) and Cd (0.03mg/L – 0.56mg/L) for both wet and dry season. This showed that the concentrations of the metals were higher during wet season than the dry season except that of lead and cadmium. However, the presence of metals at various concentrations revealed that the effluents from these industries contaminated the stream.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72594009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i130246
Christopher A. Idibie, K. J. Awatefe, Julius I. Ese
Adsorption using activated carbon (AC) has been proven to be effective in the treatment of wastewater. In this study, Carica papaya seeds were utilized for activated carbon (AC) preparation using zinc chloride as the activating agent. Experiment was carried out to explore the methylene blue uptake by both the Carica papaya seeds activated carbon (CPSAC) and commercial activated carbon (CAC). The physicochemical characteristics, Iodine number and adsorption isotherms of CPSAC were also compared with those of CAC. The adsorption equilibrium was represented with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best fit for both CPSAC and CAC with the coefficient correlation (R2) values of 0.9922 and 0.9964, respectively. Going by the good fitting of the Langmuir isotherm, MB adsorption on both CPSAC and CAC can be ascribed to be of monolayer adsorption process, and is associated with the chemical functional groups inherent on carbon surface. The optimum adsorption capacities of CPSAC and CAC according to the Langmuir isotherm at approximately 25◦C were 238.78mg/g and 241.14mg/g, respectively. This implies that CPSAC demonstrated similar outstanding adsorption properties to CAC for MB.
{"title":"Comparative Study between Locally Synthesized Activated Carbon and Commercial Activated Carbon and their Adsorption Isotherms on Methylene Blue","authors":"Christopher A. Idibie, K. J. Awatefe, Julius I. Ese","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i130246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i130246","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption using activated carbon (AC) has been proven to be effective in the treatment of wastewater. In this study, Carica papaya seeds were utilized for activated carbon (AC) preparation using zinc chloride as the activating agent. Experiment was carried out to explore the methylene blue uptake by both the Carica papaya seeds activated carbon (CPSAC) and commercial activated carbon (CAC). The physicochemical characteristics, Iodine number and adsorption isotherms of CPSAC were also compared with those of CAC. The adsorption equilibrium was represented with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best fit for both CPSAC and CAC with the coefficient correlation (R2) values of 0.9922 and 0.9964, respectively. Going by the good fitting of the Langmuir isotherm, MB adsorption on both CPSAC and CAC can be ascribed to be of monolayer adsorption process, and is associated with the chemical functional groups inherent on carbon surface. The optimum adsorption capacities of CPSAC and CAC according to the Langmuir isotherm at approximately 25◦C were 238.78mg/g and 241.14mg/g, respectively. This implies that CPSAC demonstrated similar outstanding adsorption properties to CAC for MB.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76480952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i130245
M. Abdelmegiud, F. El-Soukkary, E. E.A., Naggar, R. Abdelsalam
Gluten-free (GF) products are made using commercial flours formulas and are poor in protein, fiber, minerals and have weak physical properties that affect the quality of the final products. These factors are responsible for hampering adherence to the GF diet and for general dissatisfaction. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physio-chemical, functional and antioxidant evaluation of some combinations of GF flours formulas that have been prepared compared with available GF commercial flour formula in the local market. The moisture content of Gluten-free flour (GFF) formula sold in the local market used in the research was 12.60%. On the other hand, the prepared formulas' moisture content ranged from 12.23% (F2) to 12.90% (F3). The highest protein content was recorded with F2 and F4 formulas with no significant difference (p<0.05). Gluten-free flour formula had the lowest protein content (5.07% on a dry weight basis (DWB). In comparison to control (GFF), the amount of ash and crude fiber recorded in F2 doubled. The ash and crude fiber contents of the various formulas differed significantly. The GFF had the lowest ash and crude fiber content (0.51 and 0.31%, respectively on DWB). The highest values of total phenolic compound and antioxidant activity was observed in the F2 formula (313.15 mg/100g and 7.95%, respectively), followed by the F4 formula (226.56 mg/100g and 7.22%, respectively), then the F1 formula (223.57 mg/100g and 6.62%, respectively) on DWB. While, the lowest value was in the commercial flour formula sold in the local market (GFF) (75.10 mg/100g and 3.23%, respectively) on DWB. Gluten-free flours formulas exhibited high values for the water holding capacity in samples F2 (164.98%) and F1 (134.17%). While, GFF commercial flour formula showed lower water binding capacity in comparison to other GF flours formulas. Significant differences in the oil holding capacity of GF flours formulas were also observed. The mean values showed higher oil holding capacity for F2 (145.92%), followed by F4 (138.51%), F1 (130.11%) and F3 (126.64%), whereas, the lowest 75.43% was for GFF. The GF composite flour samples have close values and non-significant variations at p≤0.05 in the protein solubility. The increase in the values of emulsion stability and foam stability determined for GF flours formulas were significant at p≤0.05 as compared with those determined for the GFF commercial flour formula sample.
{"title":"Physico-Chemical, Functional and Antioxidant Evaluation of Some Gluten-free Flours Formulas Compared with Available Commercial Formula","authors":"M. Abdelmegiud, F. El-Soukkary, E. E.A., Naggar, R. Abdelsalam","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i130245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v11i130245","url":null,"abstract":"Gluten-free (GF) products are made using commercial flours formulas and are poor in protein, fiber, minerals and have weak physical properties that affect the quality of the final products. These factors are responsible for hampering adherence to the GF diet and for general dissatisfaction. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physio-chemical, functional and antioxidant evaluation of some combinations of GF flours formulas that have been prepared compared with available GF commercial flour formula in the local market. The moisture content of Gluten-free flour (GFF) formula sold in the local market used in the research was 12.60%. On the other hand, the prepared formulas' moisture content ranged from 12.23% (F2) to 12.90% (F3). The highest protein content was recorded with F2 and F4 formulas with no significant difference (p<0.05). Gluten-free flour formula had the lowest protein content (5.07% on a dry weight basis (DWB). In comparison to control (GFF), the amount of ash and crude fiber recorded in F2 doubled. The ash and crude fiber contents of the various formulas differed significantly. The GFF had the lowest ash and crude fiber content (0.51 and 0.31%, respectively on DWB). The highest values of total phenolic compound and antioxidant activity was observed in the F2 formula (313.15 mg/100g and 7.95%, respectively), followed by the F4 formula (226.56 mg/100g and 7.22%, respectively), then the F1 formula (223.57 mg/100g and 6.62%, respectively) on DWB. While, the lowest value was in the commercial flour formula sold in the local market (GFF) (75.10 mg/100g and 3.23%, respectively) on DWB. Gluten-free flours formulas exhibited high values for the water holding capacity in samples F2 (164.98%) and F1 (134.17%). While, GFF commercial flour formula showed lower water binding capacity in comparison to other GF flours formulas. Significant differences in the oil holding capacity of GF flours formulas were also observed. The mean values showed higher oil holding capacity for F2 (145.92%), followed by F4 (138.51%), F1 (130.11%) and F3 (126.64%), whereas, the lowest 75.43% was for GFF. The GF composite flour samples have close values and non-significant variations at p≤0.05 in the protein solubility. The increase in the values of emulsion stability and foam stability determined for GF flours formulas were significant at p≤0.05 as compared with those determined for the GFF commercial flour formula sample.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74291296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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