Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i3265
Hikmet Bora Sarikulak, Songül Şen Gürsoy
Pyrrole-aniline copolymers (poly(Py-co-Ani)) were synthesized using both three chemical, electrochemical and plasma polymerization methods. Comparison of the copolymers synthesized with three methods was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravymetric analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and conductivity results confirmed that the poly(Py-co-Ani) copolymers were successfully obtained in all cases with some differences according to synthesis methods. It was found that plasma method enhanced the thermal stability of the poly(Py-co-Ani) copolymer. The first thermal decomposition temperatures of chemically, electrochemically and plasma polymerized copolymers are 210, 190 and 250 °C, respectively. However, the conductivity value of plasma polymerized copolymer (1,97x10-4 S.cm-1) is lower than that of chemical (4,40x10-4 S.cm-1) and electrochemical (3,14x10-4 S.cm-1) synthesized copolymers. According to findings chemical and electrochemical polymerization methods provides nearly the same properties to the copolymers. Plasma polymerization method provides better thermal properties to copolymer. The both three methods can be used for preparing the pyrrole and aniline copolymers.
{"title":"Chemical, Electrochemical and Plasma Polymerization of Pyrrole-Aniline Copolymers and Their Characterization","authors":"Hikmet Bora Sarikulak, Songül Şen Gürsoy","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i3265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i3265","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrrole-aniline copolymers (poly(Py-co-Ani)) were synthesized using both three chemical, electrochemical and plasma polymerization methods. Comparison of the copolymers synthesized with three methods was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravymetric analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and conductivity results confirmed that the poly(Py-co-Ani) copolymers were successfully obtained in all cases with some differences according to synthesis methods. It was found that plasma method enhanced the thermal stability of the poly(Py-co-Ani) copolymer. The first thermal decomposition temperatures of chemically, electrochemically and plasma polymerized copolymers are 210, 190 and 250 °C, respectively. However, the conductivity value of plasma polymerized copolymer (1,97x10-4 S.cm-1) is lower than that of chemical (4,40x10-4 S.cm-1) and electrochemical (3,14x10-4 S.cm-1) synthesized copolymers. According to findings chemical and electrochemical polymerization methods provides nearly the same properties to the copolymers. Plasma polymerization method provides better thermal properties to copolymer. The both three methods can be used for preparing the pyrrole and aniline copolymers.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136236224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2264
None Effiong J. F., None Boekom E. J., None Simon N., None Nyong A. E.
Untreated effluents especially in discharges from textiles and fabric industries, usually contain dyes. Synthetic dyes have adverse effects on all forms of life when discharged directly into the environment. This paper investigates the photo-degradation of a mixture of direct orange 39, chlorantine fast red 5B, Viscose Black B and direct sky blue K, all present in a real textile effluent based on the influence of ZnO photocatalyst dose and irradiation time at a specific UV power source. The photo-degradation experiments were conducted in a batch stirred photoreactor equipped with UV lamp of rated at 30 W, a magnetic stirring system and a thermometer. The photocatalyst used was zinc oxide nanopowder (ZnO) The results showed that changes in these parameters influenced the efficiency of the photo-degradation. The kinetic studies showed that the dyes degradation followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model that has been modified to accommodate reactions occurring at the solid-liquid interphase. At the catalyst dose of 0.5 g/l, the apparent first order rate constant, was 0.00411 ; but at 2.5 g/l, this reduced to . The best degradation was at the catalyst dose of 2.0 g/l with rate constant of .
{"title":"Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on the Kinetics and Photo-degradation of Certain Textile Effluent Dyes","authors":"None Effiong J. F., None Boekom E. J., None Simon N., None Nyong A. E.","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2264","url":null,"abstract":"Untreated effluents especially in discharges from textiles and fabric industries, usually contain dyes. Synthetic dyes have adverse effects on all forms of life when discharged directly into the environment. This paper investigates the photo-degradation of a mixture of direct orange 39, chlorantine fast red 5B, Viscose Black B and direct sky blue K, all present in a real textile effluent based on the influence of ZnO photocatalyst dose and irradiation time at a specific UV power source. The photo-degradation experiments were conducted in a batch stirred photoreactor equipped with UV lamp of rated at 30 W, a magnetic stirring system and a thermometer. The photocatalyst used was zinc oxide nanopowder (ZnO) The results showed that changes in these parameters influenced the efficiency of the photo-degradation. The kinetic studies showed that the dyes degradation followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model that has been modified to accommodate reactions occurring at the solid-liquid interphase. At the catalyst dose of 0.5 g/l, the apparent first order rate constant, was 0.00411 ; but at 2.5 g/l, this reduced to . The best degradation was at the catalyst dose of 2.0 g/l with rate constant of .","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135015113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2263
Nango Gaye, Rokhaya Gueye, Gorgui Awa Seck, M. Balde, M. Sarr, Alassane Traoré, Ngoné Diouf, Youssou Ndao, El Hadj Ibrahima Thiam, M. Diaw
This study concerned the search for a method aimed at improving the safety of the treatment of Li-ion (Lib) battery waste. It consisted in the extraction of the electrolyte from used Libs by methanol before the hydrometallurgical treatment. As a result, the infrared extracts characterization, after concentration, revealed the presence of characteristic vibrations of organic functions or chemical bonds other than those of the methanol used, prompting the search for other constituents (P, F, Li) generally found in the electrolyte compositions of Lib. Furthermore, the pretreated cathodes are cut and subjected to selective leaching with 4N NaOH for 60 minutes according to a liquid/solid ratio L/S=10 L/Kg at ambient temperature. Alkaline leachates and black residues were quantified by X-ray fluorescence and results showed higher recovery rates for aluminum. It thus seemed that the pretreatment of the cathodic samples decreased the leaching rates. In addition, the pre-treatment of the samples has been shown to reduce the polluting nature of selective leaching, and the extraction of the electrolyte by methanol allowed the recovery of copper at the anode without any hydrometallurgical treatment.
{"title":"Improvement Study of Hydrometallurgical Treatment Process for Li-ion Batteries Waste","authors":"Nango Gaye, Rokhaya Gueye, Gorgui Awa Seck, M. Balde, M. Sarr, Alassane Traoré, Ngoné Diouf, Youssou Ndao, El Hadj Ibrahima Thiam, M. Diaw","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2263","url":null,"abstract":"This study concerned the search for a method aimed at improving the safety of the treatment of Li-ion (Lib) battery waste. It consisted in the extraction of the electrolyte from used Libs by methanol before the hydrometallurgical treatment. As a result, the infrared extracts characterization, after concentration, revealed the presence of characteristic vibrations of organic functions or chemical bonds other than those of the methanol used, prompting the search for other constituents (P, F, Li) generally found in the electrolyte compositions of Lib. Furthermore, the pretreated cathodes are cut and subjected to selective leaching with 4N NaOH for 60 minutes according to a liquid/solid ratio L/S=10 L/Kg at ambient temperature. Alkaline leachates and black residues were quantified by X-ray fluorescence and results showed higher recovery rates for aluminum. It thus seemed that the pretreatment of the cathodic samples decreased the leaching rates. In addition, the pre-treatment of the samples has been shown to reduce the polluting nature of selective leaching, and the extraction of the electrolyte by methanol allowed the recovery of copper at the anode without any hydrometallurgical treatment.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90875421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2261
Chukwu Anthonia C., Zipporah Duguryil P., Gambo Nanbol N., S. Lubis, Denji Kitka B.
Drinking water is hardly found 100% pure in nature due to human activities and other natural factors. Many diseases in developing countries are caused by drinking contaminated water. Water samples collected were analyzed by automated instrumental methods prescribed by standard methods for the analysis of water and wastewater and the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The results showed SO42- range from ND to 60.00mg/L; pH 5.27 to 6.79; NO3- 1.19-11,64 mg/L; PO42- 10.12 to 352.00mg/L; Cd range from 0.011± 0.00 to 0.032 ± 0.00mg/L; Ni, from ND to 0.04 mg/L; Cr, ND to 0.686 ± 0.07mg/L; Pb ND to 0.34 ± 0.01mg/L, total bacteria count TaBC, 1.5 x 104 to 8.5 x 104 CFU/mL in the samples used. The calculated average daily intake (ADI) for Cd, Ni, Cr and Pb were within acceptable limits while the hazard quotients (HQ) for all the metals were >1, signifying that the population would experience non-cancer risks due to exposure to these metals in drinking water. The bacteriological study of the water samples also revealed that the water samples were all polluted with bacteria and coliforms. From the foregoing, these drinking water sources, therefore require treatment before consumption to minimize or avoid the incidences of water-related diseases.
{"title":"Assessment of the Physicochemical and Bacteriological Content of Some Drinking Water Sources in Jos South LGA in Northern Senatorial District of Plateau State Nigeria","authors":"Chukwu Anthonia C., Zipporah Duguryil P., Gambo Nanbol N., S. Lubis, Denji Kitka B.","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2261","url":null,"abstract":"Drinking water is hardly found 100% pure in nature due to human activities and other natural factors. Many diseases in developing countries are caused by drinking contaminated water. Water samples collected were analyzed by automated instrumental methods prescribed by standard methods for the analysis of water and wastewater and the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The results showed SO42- range from ND to 60.00mg/L; pH 5.27 to 6.79; NO3- 1.19-11,64 mg/L; PO42- 10.12 to 352.00mg/L; Cd range from 0.011± 0.00 to 0.032 ± 0.00mg/L; Ni, from ND to 0.04 mg/L; Cr, ND to 0.686 ± 0.07mg/L; Pb ND to 0.34 ± 0.01mg/L, total bacteria count TaBC, 1.5 x 104 to 8.5 x 104 CFU/mL in the samples used. The calculated average daily intake (ADI) for Cd, Ni, Cr and Pb were within acceptable limits while the hazard quotients (HQ) for all the metals were >1, signifying that the population would experience non-cancer risks due to exposure to these metals in drinking water. The bacteriological study of the water samples also revealed that the water samples were all polluted with bacteria and coliforms. From the foregoing, these drinking water sources, therefore require treatment before consumption to minimize or avoid the incidences of water-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90770660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2260
Anant Babu Marahatta
Over the last decades, the rapidly growing theoretical methods have revolutionized whole scientific paradigm, developed state-of-art analyses, and created substantial computational platforms through the huge support of outstanding mathematical algorithms. The self-consistent-charge density-functional based tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) scheme is one of them that offers versatile and efficient quantum mechanical calculations with some unique features compatible especially to the crystalline solid even at low computational resources. Its effective parametrizations and computational implementations under the Gaussian standardized interface as an "External program" via the users' script (Gaussian- External methodology; GEM) has added an additional value because of which various in-built high-level Gaussian computations are directly accessible. Herewith, the Gaussian offered geometry optimization algorithms and convergence criteria plus the ModRedundant type relaxed potential energy surface (PES) scanning techniques are assessed through the GEM, and characterized the crystal structures with concerned molecular energetics and PES of the experimentally synthesized 1,4-bis (trimethylsilyl) benzene (1,4-BTMSB) compound; a potential precursor for the high quality Silicon Carbide (β-SiC) coating particles, and an ideal "Internal Standard" for the quantitative spectroscopic analyses. The general results reveal that the 1,4- BTMSB molecules in its unit-cell and crystal lattice experience significant non-bonding interactions that induces them to attain the definite molecular geometry with recognizable ring, angle, torsional, and steric strains. The quantitative analyses of its PES depict that the phenylene ring has to overcome multiple yet unidentical energy barriers with the tallest Ea1= 5.3 kcal/mol in order to undergo internal 2π angular rotation around the 1,4-(C-Si) axes. And, exhibiting such type internal rotation of its phenylene ring is energetically highly probable as this compound is widely employed in coating high temperature reactors, and in quantizing analyte in high energy run spectroscopic facilities. The same quantification is referred here in order to underscore the significance of adopting perfectly closed topological molecular architectures while designing/synthesizing amphidynamic type crystalline free molecular gyrotops and their prototypes.
{"title":"Theoretical Investigations of the Crystal Structures and Molecular Energetics of High Quality Silicon Carbide (β-SiC) Precursor Compound 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene","authors":"Anant Babu Marahatta","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2260","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decades, the rapidly growing theoretical methods have revolutionized whole scientific paradigm, developed state-of-art analyses, and created substantial computational platforms through the huge support of outstanding mathematical algorithms. The self-consistent-charge density-functional based tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) scheme is one of them that offers versatile and efficient quantum mechanical calculations with some unique features compatible especially to the crystalline solid even at low computational resources. Its effective parametrizations and computational implementations under the Gaussian standardized interface as an \"External program\" via the users' script (Gaussian- External methodology; GEM) has added an additional value because of which various in-built high-level Gaussian computations are directly accessible. Herewith, the Gaussian offered geometry optimization algorithms and convergence criteria plus the ModRedundant type relaxed potential energy surface (PES) scanning techniques are assessed through the GEM, and characterized the crystal structures with concerned molecular energetics and PES of the experimentally synthesized 1,4-bis (trimethylsilyl) benzene (1,4-BTMSB) compound; a potential precursor for the high quality Silicon Carbide (β-SiC) coating particles, and an ideal \"Internal Standard\" for the quantitative spectroscopic analyses. The general results reveal that the 1,4- BTMSB molecules in its unit-cell and crystal lattice experience significant non-bonding interactions that induces them to attain the definite molecular geometry with recognizable ring, angle, torsional, and steric strains. The quantitative analyses of its PES depict that the phenylene ring has to overcome multiple yet unidentical energy barriers with the tallest Ea1= 5.3 kcal/mol in order to undergo internal 2π angular rotation around the 1,4-(C-Si) axes. And, exhibiting such type internal rotation of its phenylene ring is energetically highly probable as this compound is widely employed in coating high temperature reactors, and in quantizing analyte in high energy run spectroscopic facilities. The same quantification is referred here in order to underscore the significance of adopting perfectly closed topological molecular architectures while designing/synthesizing amphidynamic type crystalline free molecular gyrotops and their prototypes.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82384310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2259
C. Egwuatu, P. Okafor, J. Ndubuisi, P. C. Ezeagwu
Aim: This study was aimed at using sharp sand as an adsorbent to optimize the removal of Pb ionsfrom simulated water and water obtained from Enyigba River. Study Design: Adsorption experiment was designed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was also used to predict % Pb(II)removal. Place and Duration of Study: Department Of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, June 2012 to June 2023. Methodology: Sharp sand was modified with salicylic acid, noted as SSM and then characterized. Experiments were carried out by varying four adsorption factors: concentration, time, pH and temperature. Adsorption experiments were also done for equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Results: The modified sharp sand showed a high percentage of silicon. RSM and ANN predicted the sorption of Pb(II) well with R2 values > 0.9. The optimal values for concentration, time, pH and temperature are 0.0125mg/l, 100sec, 2, 20oC respectively. Langmuir isotherm gave the better fit and adsorption was endothermic with positive ∆H. Adsorption followed second-order kinetics. FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups that were responsible for adsorption. Enyigba River water is slightly polluted with lead ions with concentrations higher than WHO standard. Conclusion: The adsorbent was able to remove over 70% of the metal ions from both the simulated and Enyigba River water.
{"title":"Optimized Adsorption of Pb(II) ION from Aqueous Solution Using Sharp Sand: Ann and RSM Modelling","authors":"C. Egwuatu, P. Okafor, J. Ndubuisi, P. C. Ezeagwu","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i2259","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study was aimed at using sharp sand as an adsorbent to optimize the removal of Pb ionsfrom simulated water and water obtained from Enyigba River. \u0000Study Design: Adsorption experiment was designed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was also used to predict % Pb(II)removal. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department Of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, June 2012 to June 2023. \u0000Methodology: Sharp sand was modified with salicylic acid, noted as SSM and then characterized. Experiments were carried out by varying four adsorption factors: concentration, time, pH and temperature. Adsorption experiments were also done for equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. \u0000Results: The modified sharp sand showed a high percentage of silicon. RSM and ANN predicted the sorption of Pb(II) well with R2 values > 0.9. The optimal values for concentration, time, pH and temperature are 0.0125mg/l, 100sec, 2, 20oC respectively. Langmuir isotherm gave the better fit and adsorption was endothermic with positive ∆H. Adsorption followed second-order kinetics. FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups that were responsible for adsorption. Enyigba River water is slightly polluted with lead ions with concentrations higher than WHO standard. \u0000Conclusion: The adsorbent was able to remove over 70% of the metal ions from both the simulated and Enyigba River water.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85983369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i1258
D. Iga
Plane of symmetry is a physical chemical phenomenon and an instrument. Geometrical plane of symmetry indicates two identical achiral halves. In a slightly modified form, it is applied also in chemistry. In geometry it cuts a point or a line, while in chemistry it cuts a cloud of electrons (a bond) or one or more atoms. The second type, chemical plane of symmetry, named also mirror plane of symmetry, indicates two enantiomeric chiral halves uniformly linked with each other or uniformly linked on a suitable matrix. Compounds characterized by a mirror plane of symmetry have been designated meso. Meso compounds designated in this way by Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules do not change the latter assertion: one can assert that molecules of this group are formed of two imaginary enantiomeric halves separated by an imaginary mirror plane of symmetry. From the definition of meso compounds one can infer, by molecular modelling, that alternative dimerization of the two enantiomeric halves, between them or on the initial matrix, would produce two chiral enantiomeric products. However, inositols, considered meso by numerous authors, present spectacular and unexpected surprises.
{"title":"Meso Chemical Symmetry, Definition by Molecular Modelling and Application to Inositols","authors":"D. Iga","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i1258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i1258","url":null,"abstract":"Plane of symmetry is a physical chemical phenomenon and an instrument. Geometrical plane of symmetry indicates two identical achiral halves. In a slightly modified form, it is applied also in chemistry. In geometry it cuts a point or a line, while in chemistry it cuts a cloud of electrons (a bond) or one or more atoms. The second type, chemical plane of symmetry, named also mirror plane of symmetry, indicates two enantiomeric chiral halves uniformly linked with each other or uniformly linked on a suitable matrix. Compounds characterized by a mirror plane of symmetry have been designated meso. Meso compounds designated in this way by Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules do not change the latter assertion: one can assert that molecules of this group are formed of two imaginary enantiomeric halves separated by an imaginary mirror plane of symmetry. From the definition of meso compounds one can infer, by molecular modelling, that alternative dimerization of the two enantiomeric halves, between them or on the initial matrix, would produce two chiral enantiomeric products. However, inositols, considered meso by numerous authors, present spectacular and unexpected surprises.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90151581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i1257
C. Anarado, C. Anarado, O. F. Obumselu, C. Iziga, I. L. Anarado, E. Onyilogwu
Aim: This work was to determine the phytochemical, proximate, in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycemic activities of root extracts of Combretum platypterum. Methods: Roots of C. platypterum were cold extracted with methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. The extracts were subjected to proximate, phytochemical analyses, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycemic assays. Results: The result of proximate analysis revealed that the roots contained 73.90+0.10% carbohydrates, the mean % of fibre and ash contents were >7.00, whereas the average protein and moisture contents were >4.00. The result of qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed that alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolic compounds and carbohydrates were present in the three extracts, whereas steroids were sparingly present only in n-hexane extract. The result of antimicrobial screening indicated that B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans and S. typhi were susceptible to the inhibitions of the three extracts in concentration-dependent manner, whereas only the n-hexane extract showed a dose-dependent inhibition against P. aeruginosa. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed good anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant activity. The inhibition of α-amylase was greater with n-hexane extract. Conclusion: the extracts showed good antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activities and can be a potential antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic agent.
{"title":"Phytochemical, in vitro Antimicrobial, Proximate, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant and Anti-hyperglycemic Activities of Root Extracts of Combretum platypterum (Welw)","authors":"C. Anarado, C. Anarado, O. F. Obumselu, C. Iziga, I. L. Anarado, E. Onyilogwu","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i1257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i1257","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This work was to determine the phytochemical, proximate, in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycemic activities of root extracts of Combretum platypterum. \u0000Methods: Roots of C. platypterum were cold extracted with methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. The extracts were subjected to proximate, phytochemical analyses, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycemic assays. \u0000Results: The result of proximate analysis revealed that the roots contained 73.90+0.10% carbohydrates, the mean % of fibre and ash contents were >7.00, whereas the average protein and moisture contents were >4.00. The result of qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed that alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolic compounds and carbohydrates were present in the three extracts, whereas steroids were sparingly present only in n-hexane extract. The result of antimicrobial screening indicated that B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans and S. typhi were susceptible to the inhibitions of the three extracts in concentration-dependent manner, whereas only the n-hexane extract showed a dose-dependent inhibition against P. aeruginosa. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed good anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant activity. The inhibition of α-amylase was greater with n-hexane extract. \u0000Conclusion: the extracts showed good antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activities and can be a potential antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic agent.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75409255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i1256
M. Omar, N. Njomo, A. O. Yusuf, I. Michira
A research study of the synthesis of nanocomposite of clay-biochar material acquired from normal clay and biomaterial of Prosopis Juliflora for cadmium ion removal from aqueous solutions is reported. Composite materials were prepared by heating of ordinary clay and biomaterial of Prosopis at 500°C temperature and the synthesis was established with XRF, EDX, FTIR, XRD and SEM characterization. The results of characterized material showed that clay minerals successfully permeated the surface of biochar materials to form composites. The effectiveness of the composites in removing cadmium metal was determined by a batch adsorption procedure. The composite material produced a removal efficiency of 99% of cadmium ions. Adsorption was investigated using the adsorption isotherms of Freundlich and Langmuir which showed correlation r2 values of 0.924 and 0.932 respectively for the removal of cadmium ions from water. The results also revealed a pseudo second-order reaction for cadmium ions removal.
{"title":"Composite Material of Clay-biochar for Cadmium Ion Removal from Water","authors":"M. Omar, N. Njomo, A. O. Yusuf, I. Michira","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i1256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i1256","url":null,"abstract":"A research study of the synthesis of nanocomposite of clay-biochar material acquired from normal clay and biomaterial of Prosopis Juliflora for cadmium ion removal from aqueous solutions is reported. Composite materials were prepared by heating of ordinary clay and biomaterial of Prosopis at 500°C temperature and the synthesis was established with XRF, EDX, FTIR, XRD and SEM characterization. The results of characterized material showed that clay minerals successfully permeated the surface of biochar materials to form composites. The effectiveness of the composites in removing cadmium metal was determined by a batch adsorption procedure. The composite material produced a removal efficiency of 99% of cadmium ions. Adsorption was investigated using the adsorption isotherms of Freundlich and Langmuir which showed correlation r2 values of 0.924 and 0.932 respectively for the removal of cadmium ions from water. The results also revealed a pseudo second-order reaction for cadmium ions removal.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88143273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-17DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i1255
Anant Babu Marahatta
Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Molecular machines have triggered the scientists of wide-ranging disciplines alike for decades now, offered the most innovative technologies to maneuver the nanoscale devices molecule by molecule. In this arena of the nano-metric world, the strategical laboratorial syntheses & computational designations of the prototype molecules/nanomaterials and the most probable techniques for their effective functionalization always stand as mandatory credentials. Among various types of functionalizing nanomaterials, the topologically closed Si and -(Si-O)x- based dipolar crystalline macrocyclic molecular compounds exhibiting macroscopic compass/gyroscope like functions at ambient temperatures have attracted the greatest admirations. In this outlook, the research works presented herewith by employing a Gaussian-external methodology for the quantum mechanical characterizations of the crystal structures, computations of the molecular energetics, and derivations of the rotational potential energy surface (PES) of the experimentally synthesized difluoro- /dichloro- phenylene encapsulated amphidynamic/non-amphidynamic crystalline ROT-2F/ROT-2Cl siloxaalkane macrocages can be taken as a stepping stone. Under the standardized interface of Gaussian, we ran SCC-DFTB scheme via the user's script as an external program, and accessed the PES scanning techniques of the former plus the "Dispersion Energy correction" features of the latter computationally. The results reported herein are mainly found to (a) validate the X-ray produced degenerate and non-degenerate crystal structures, (b) justify the experimentally observed structural deformations of the static siloxaalkane spokes, (c) quantize the free-volume units available around the rotator, (d) disclose the energy barrier Ea to be overcome by the rotator while exhibiting 1p-flipping motion, (e) foresee the structural requisites to be adopted for designing functional crystalline free-rotors, etc. It is believed that present theoretical study enlightens us about the most essential structural and dynamical features of the gyroscopic nanostructures & molecular compasses quantitatively.
{"title":"Gaussian-External Methodology Predicted Crystal Structures, Molecular Energetics, and Potential Energy Surface of the Crystalline Molecular Compass","authors":"Anant Babu Marahatta","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i1255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v14i1255","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Molecular machines have triggered the scientists of wide-ranging disciplines alike for decades now, offered the most innovative technologies to maneuver the nanoscale devices molecule by molecule. In this arena of the nano-metric world, the strategical laboratorial syntheses & computational designations of the prototype molecules/nanomaterials and the most probable techniques for their effective functionalization always stand as mandatory credentials. Among various types of functionalizing nanomaterials, the topologically closed Si and -(Si-O)x- based dipolar crystalline macrocyclic molecular compounds exhibiting macroscopic compass/gyroscope like functions at ambient temperatures have attracted the greatest admirations. In this outlook, the research works presented herewith by employing a Gaussian-external methodology for the quantum mechanical characterizations of the crystal structures, computations of the molecular energetics, and derivations of the rotational potential energy surface (PES) of the experimentally synthesized difluoro- /dichloro- phenylene encapsulated amphidynamic/non-amphidynamic crystalline ROT-2F/ROT-2Cl siloxaalkane macrocages can be taken as a stepping stone. Under the standardized interface of Gaussian, we ran SCC-DFTB scheme via the user's script as an external program, and accessed the PES scanning techniques of the former plus the \"Dispersion Energy correction\" features of the latter computationally. The results reported herein are mainly found to (a) validate the X-ray produced degenerate and non-degenerate crystal structures, (b) justify the experimentally observed structural deformations of the static siloxaalkane spokes, (c) quantize the free-volume units available around the rotator, (d) disclose the energy barrier Ea to be overcome by the rotator while exhibiting 1p-flipping motion, (e) foresee the structural requisites to be adopted for designing functional crystalline free-rotors, etc. It is believed that present theoretical study enlightens us about the most essential structural and dynamical features of the gyroscopic nanostructures & molecular compasses quantitatively.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83259163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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