Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i1232
Asri Saleh
This study aims to synthesize and test the electrical properties of the MnO2-graphene composite from the leaching of manganese rock. The test method is carried out by testing the electrical properties with the parameters, namely capacitance (C), current (I), voltage (V), resistance (R), and conductometer. Each tested three concentration variations, 0.25: 0.75, 0.5: 0.05, and 0.75: 0.5. Supporting parameters for testing use X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results showed that the effect of varying the mass ratio of the MnO2-Graphene composite on the capacitance value was 192.3ꙡF in the variation of 0.25 gr: 0.75, meaning that the higher the concentration of the graphene carbon ratio, the higher the absorption capacity to store charge and electrical energy. For the variation of the voltage obtained by 353 mV at 0.25 gr: 0.75 variations, the current testing variation obtained a value of 13.6 mA at 0.25 gr: 0.75 variations, the variation on resistance obtained the lowest resistance value of 1.6 kΩ in the 0.25 gr variation: 0.75. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test produces α manganese and graphene ranging from 6.8% to 93.2%. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) test produces Mn-O, CO, and OH bonds. Mn-O with wave numbers 479.44 cm-1, 1.618.35 cm-1, 1.877.47 cm-1, and 992.07 cm-1. CO with wave numbers 1104.27 cm-1, 1190.69 cm-1, and 1384.21 cm-1. OH with wave numbers 1438.44 cm-1 and 1627.70 cm-1 electrical storage medium.
{"title":"Testing of Electrical Properties and Synthesis of MnO2-Graphene Composites from Leaching Results of Manganese Rocks","authors":"Asri Saleh","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i1232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i1232","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to synthesize and test the electrical properties of the MnO2-graphene composite from the leaching of manganese rock. The test method is carried out by testing the electrical properties with the parameters, namely capacitance (C), current (I), voltage (V), resistance (R), and conductometer. Each tested three concentration variations, 0.25: 0.75, 0.5: 0.05, and 0.75: 0.5. Supporting parameters for testing use X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results showed that the effect of varying the mass ratio of the MnO2-Graphene composite on the capacitance value was 192.3ꙡF in the variation of 0.25 gr: 0.75, meaning that the higher the concentration of the graphene carbon ratio, the higher the absorption capacity to store charge and electrical energy. For the variation of the voltage obtained by 353 mV at 0.25 gr: 0.75 variations, the current testing variation obtained a value of 13.6 mA at 0.25 gr: 0.75 variations, the variation on resistance obtained the lowest resistance value of 1.6 kΩ in the 0.25 gr variation: 0.75. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test produces α manganese and graphene ranging from 6.8% to 93.2%. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) test produces Mn-O, CO, and OH bonds. Mn-O with wave numbers 479.44 cm-1, 1.618.35 cm-1, 1.877.47 cm-1, and 992.07 cm-1. CO with wave numbers 1104.27 cm-1, 1190.69 cm-1, and 1384.21 cm-1. OH with wave numbers 1438.44 cm-1 and 1627.70 cm-1 electrical storage medium.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v13i1-2232
Asri Saleh
This study aims to synthesize and test the electrical properties of the MnO2-graphene composite from the leaching of manganese rock. The test method is carried out by testing the electrical properties with the parameters, namely capacitance (C), current (I), voltage (V), resistance (R), and conductometer. Each tested three concentration variations, 0.25: 0.75, 0.5: 0.05, and 0.75: 0.5. Supporting parameters for testing use X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results showed that the effect of varying the mass ratio of the MnO2-Graphene composite on the capacitance value was 192.3ꙡF in the variation of 0.25 gr: 0.75, meaning that the higher the concentration of the graphene carbon ratio, the higher the absorption capacity to store charge and electrical energy. For the variation of the voltage obtained by 353 mV at 0.25 gr: 0.75 variations, the current testing variation obtained a value of 13.6 mA at 0.25 gr: 0.75 variations, the variation on resistance obtained the lowest resistance value of 1.6 kΩ in the 0.25 gr variation: 0.75. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test produces α manganese and graphene ranging from 6.8% to 93.2%. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) test produces Mn-O, CO, and OH bonds. Mn-O with wave numbers 479.44 cm-1, 1.618.35 cm-1, 1.877.47 cm-1, and 992.07 cm-1. CO with wave numbers 1104.27 cm-1, 1190.69 cm-1, and 1384.21 cm-1. OH with wave numbers 1438.44 cm-1 and 1627.70 cm-1 electrical storage medium.
{"title":"Testing of Electrical Properties and Synthesis of MnO2-Graphene Composites from Leaching Results of Manganese Rocks","authors":"Asri Saleh","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v13i1-2232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v13i1-2232","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to synthesize and test the electrical properties of the MnO2-graphene composite from the leaching of manganese rock. The test method is carried out by testing the electrical properties with the parameters, namely capacitance (C), current (I), voltage (V), resistance (R), and conductometer. Each tested three concentration variations, 0.25: 0.75, 0.5: 0.05, and 0.75: 0.5. Supporting parameters for testing use X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results showed that the effect of varying the mass ratio of the MnO2-Graphene composite on the capacitance value was 192.3ꙡF in the variation of 0.25 gr: 0.75, meaning that the higher the concentration of the graphene carbon ratio, the higher the absorption capacity to store charge and electrical energy. For the variation of the voltage obtained by 353 mV at 0.25 gr: 0.75 variations, the current testing variation obtained a value of 13.6 mA at 0.25 gr: 0.75 variations, the variation on resistance obtained the lowest resistance value of 1.6 kΩ in the 0.25 gr variation: 0.75. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test produces α manganese and graphene ranging from 6.8% to 93.2%. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) test produces Mn-O, CO, and OH bonds. Mn-O with wave numbers 479.44 cm-1, 1.618.35 cm-1, 1.877.47 cm-1, and 992.07 cm-1. CO with wave numbers 1104.27 cm-1, 1190.69 cm-1, and 1384.21 cm-1. OH with wave numbers 1438.44 cm-1 and 1627.70 cm-1 electrical storage medium.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86532829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i4230
Emmanuel Eimiomodebheki Odion, P. Obarisiagbon, H. E. Akpofure, Eravweroso Congrat Odiete
Different parts of Irvingia gabonensis are used ethno-medicinally in some West Africa culture in the treatment of pain. The stem bark has been reported in the literature to possess analgesic property. In order to evaluate the analgesic potential of the seed extract and the phytochemicals that may be responsible for this effect. This study was aimed at determining the phytochemical contents and the analgesic effect of I. gabonensis. The seed was screened for phytochemicals using standard procedures and GC-MS analysis. It central and peripheral analgesic potentials were evaluated at doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg using acetic acid induced abdominal writhing and hot plate methods in Swiss albino mice. Acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg), morphine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg) and pentazocine (15 mg/kg) were used as the standard drugs. ANOVA was used to analyze data from the results and level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, triterpenoid and saponin. GC-MS analysis revealed thirty compounds mostly fatty acids. At 200 mg/kg of the methanolic extract, there was a dose dependent decrease in writhing response which also compared well with acetylsalicylic acid. From the results, Irvingia gabonensis seed contains compounds that could be responsible for the precieved analgesic activity.
{"title":"Phytochemical Identification and Analgesic Potential of the Seed Extract of Irvingia gabonensis","authors":"Emmanuel Eimiomodebheki Odion, P. Obarisiagbon, H. E. Akpofure, Eravweroso Congrat Odiete","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i4230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i4230","url":null,"abstract":"Different parts of Irvingia gabonensis are used ethno-medicinally in some West Africa culture in the treatment of pain. The stem bark has been reported in the literature to possess analgesic property. In order to evaluate the analgesic potential of the seed extract and the phytochemicals that may be responsible for this effect. This study was aimed at determining the phytochemical contents and the analgesic effect of I. gabonensis. The seed was screened for phytochemicals using standard procedures and GC-MS analysis. It central and peripheral analgesic potentials were evaluated at doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg using acetic acid induced abdominal writhing and hot plate methods in Swiss albino mice. Acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg), morphine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg) and pentazocine (15 mg/kg) were used as the standard drugs. ANOVA was used to analyze data from the results and level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, triterpenoid and saponin. GC-MS analysis revealed thirty compounds mostly fatty acids. At 200 mg/kg of the methanolic extract, there was a dose dependent decrease in writhing response which also compared well with acetylsalicylic acid. From the results, Irvingia gabonensis seed contains compounds that could be responsible for the precieved analgesic activity.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76271772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheep fur (SF), a keratinous biomaterial, was used as a low cost adsorbent for removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution. The sorbent was characterized, where moisture content, pH, bulk density and loss on ignition were determined. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin Radushkevich model with the Langmuir model showing the best fit. Maximum adsorption capacity of Pb (II) by the SF was 45.46 mg/g. Separation factor RL was 0.037 indicating a favourable adsorption process. The results also indicated that kinetic data were best described by the pseudo second-order model with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.997. Negative standard Gibb’s free energy (ΔG) obtained indicated that the Pb (II) adsorption process was spontaneous and thermodynamically feasible. Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino and sulphur-containing functional groups on the SF.
{"title":"Adsorption of Pb (II) Using Sheep Fur: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies","authors":"Salaudeen Abdulwasiu Olawale, Aduloju Emmanuel, Okike Okorie, Oladokun Benjamen Niran, Adedeji Sunday Asher","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i4229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i4229","url":null,"abstract":"Sheep fur (SF), a keratinous biomaterial, was used as a low cost adsorbent for removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution. The sorbent was characterized, where moisture content, pH, bulk density and loss on ignition were determined. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin Radushkevich model with the Langmuir model showing the best fit. Maximum adsorption capacity of Pb (II) by the SF was 45.46 mg/g. Separation factor RL was 0.037 indicating a favourable adsorption process. The results also indicated that kinetic data were best described by the pseudo second-order model with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.997. Negative standard Gibb’s free energy (ΔG) obtained indicated that the Pb (II) adsorption process was spontaneous and thermodynamically feasible. Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino and sulphur-containing functional groups on the SF.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86763834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i4227
C. Obum-Nnadi, C. Fredrick, Chika Muareen Ezenwa, Dennis Amaechi, OnyinyeChukwu Ngozi Ozoemena, Ohabughiro Ndidi
Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Jatropha tanjorensis against selected test bacteria. Methods: The antibacterial properties were tested using the agar-well diffusion technique. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extracts were also determined. Phytochemical analysis of the hot and cold extracts revealed presence of flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, anthraquinones and tannis. Results: Results obtained revealed that the cold extracts were more effective than the hot extracts. Cold extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf has antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Hot extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis stem has very little antibacterial activity against S. marcescens at low concentrations with no MBC. Cold extract of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf was bactericidal for S. aureus at 250 mg/ml. Salmonella sp., E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., S. pyogenes, Serratia marcescens and Serratia marcescens were resistant to HE of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf and stem respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that there are phytochemicals present in Jatropha tanjorensis. The plant shows antibacterial properties against some bacteria, namely: Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli, indicating that they can be used as antimicrobials.
{"title":"Assessment of Antibacterial Properties of Jatropha tanjorensis","authors":"C. Obum-Nnadi, C. Fredrick, Chika Muareen Ezenwa, Dennis Amaechi, OnyinyeChukwu Ngozi Ozoemena, Ohabughiro Ndidi","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i4227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i4227","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Jatropha tanjorensis against selected test bacteria. Methods: The antibacterial properties were tested using the agar-well diffusion technique. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extracts were also determined. Phytochemical analysis of the hot and cold extracts revealed presence of flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, anthraquinones and tannis. Results: Results obtained revealed that the cold extracts were more effective than the hot extracts. Cold extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf has antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Hot extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis stem has very little antibacterial activity against S. marcescens at low concentrations with no MBC. Cold extract of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf was bactericidal for S. aureus at 250 mg/ml. Salmonella sp., E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., S. pyogenes, Serratia marcescens and Serratia marcescens were resistant to HE of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf and stem respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that there are phytochemicals present in Jatropha tanjorensis. The plant shows antibacterial properties against some bacteria, namely: Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli, indicating that they can be used as antimicrobials.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89058933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i4228
Dennis Amaechi, B. Yisa, I. P. Ekpe, P. I. Nwawuba, Alacks Rabbi
Aim: The objective of this study is to assess Jatropha tanjorensis's phytochemical components, anti-obesity and hepatoprotective properties. Methods: 35 albino Wistar rats were placed into five groups of seven rats each. Each group received the following treatment: Group A served as the control group, and extract doses of 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg were given to groups B and C, respectively. Doses of 200 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of J. tanjorensis extract were given to groups D and E. Using accepted methods, the phytochemical components, anti-obesity, and hepatoprotective properties of J. tanjorensis were identified. Results: J. tanjorensis was found to include biochemical building blocks like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, and saponins after undergoing a qualitative phytochemical screening. With the exception of group C, the results showed a substantial (P< 0.05) drop in cholesterol levels when compared to the control group. Group A's HDL concentration levels increased significantly (P< 0.05) when compared to the other groups.In treated group D (8.70±6.54) after extract administrations, ALP levels were significantly (p 0.05) lower than in the normal control group (15.00±8.00). Although there was a considerable decline in other groups, the ALT activity was found to be significantly lower in treatment group E (5.33±1.33). Treatment groups B (14.003.61) and E (14.003.61) saw a minor but significant decline in AST activity, but treatment groups C (24.33±3.53) and D (36.67±17.34) saw a more significant increase. Conclusion: The study concludes that plant extracts may be used to treat metabolic disorders like obesity and cardiovascular diseases because they have the potential to lower cholesterol and have hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, phytochemicals may be used as drug precursors, templates for synthetic modification, and pharmacological probes.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Anti-obesity and Hepatoprotective Activities of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Jatropha tanjorensis in Wistar Rats","authors":"Dennis Amaechi, B. Yisa, I. P. Ekpe, P. I. Nwawuba, Alacks Rabbi","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i4228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i4228","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The objective of this study is to assess Jatropha tanjorensis's phytochemical components, anti-obesity and hepatoprotective properties. \u0000Methods: 35 albino Wistar rats were placed into five groups of seven rats each. Each group received the following treatment: Group A served as the control group, and extract doses of 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg were given to groups B and C, respectively. Doses of 200 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of J. tanjorensis extract were given to groups D and E. Using accepted methods, the phytochemical components, anti-obesity, and hepatoprotective properties of J. tanjorensis were identified. \u0000Results: J. tanjorensis was found to include biochemical building blocks like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, and saponins after undergoing a qualitative phytochemical screening. With the exception of group C, the results showed a substantial (P< 0.05) drop in cholesterol levels when compared to the control group. Group A's HDL concentration levels increased significantly (P< 0.05) when compared to the other groups.In treated group D (8.70±6.54) after extract administrations, ALP levels were significantly (p 0.05) lower than in the normal control group (15.00±8.00). Although there was a considerable decline in other groups, the ALT activity was found to be significantly lower in treatment group E (5.33±1.33). Treatment groups B (14.003.61) and E (14.003.61) saw a minor but significant decline in AST activity, but treatment groups C (24.33±3.53) and D (36.67±17.34) saw a more significant increase. \u0000Conclusion: The study concludes that plant extracts may be used to treat metabolic disorders like obesity and cardiovascular diseases because they have the potential to lower cholesterol and have hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, phytochemicals may be used as drug precursors, templates for synthetic modification, and pharmacological probes.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83390414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i3225
H. Hasan, Hager A. Al-Fergani, Mohammed E. Yaya
The present study aimed to investigate chemical formulations of water samples collected from area extended between Ras Al–Halal and El Haniea, Libya. The geographic location of the Mediterranean governs the water temperature and salinity. The hot climate of the eastern basin raises the water temperature, causing increased evaporation and high salinities. The present study included visiting the study sites (8 stations on the eastern coast of Libya) during winter and summer seasons 2019. The concentration of different water quality parameters was analyzed and reported accordingly. The palnktonic composition was also evaluated.
{"title":"Chemical Studies of Water Samples Collected from Area Extended between Ras Al –Halal and El Haniea, Libya","authors":"H. Hasan, Hager A. Al-Fergani, Mohammed E. Yaya","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i3225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i3225","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to investigate chemical formulations of water samples collected from area extended between Ras Al–Halal and El Haniea, Libya. The geographic location of the Mediterranean governs the water temperature and salinity. The hot climate of the eastern basin raises the water temperature, causing increased evaporation and high salinities. The present study included visiting the study sites (8 stations on the eastern coast of Libya) during winter and summer seasons 2019. The concentration of different water quality parameters was analyzed and reported accordingly. The palnktonic composition was also evaluated.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"12 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77524707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i4226
O. P. Nsude, kingsley John Orie
Oil bean pods (OBPs) are a biomass that are indiscriminately dumped in eastern Nigeria, thus causes a lot of pollution. In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was isolated from oil bean pods using acid hydrolysis, and several characterizations were performed using a variety of sophisticated techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis has indicated the removal of lignin and hemicellulose from MCC extracted from oil bean pods. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) revealed a rough surface and minor agglomeration of the MCC. Furthermore, the isolated MCC has slightly higher inorganic minerals than the raw oil bean pod on the basis of SEM-EDX and the ash content. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis reveals that the specific surface area of MCC is 331.94 m2/g, which is greater than that of OBP, with 164.728 m2/g. Other characteristics like pore volume, and average pore diameter or size demonstrate that MCC has a superior property than the raw OBP. This implies that MCC could serve as a better adsorbent than the raw OBP. As a result of the increased surface area and high percentage of MCC, which is associated to chemical treatment of raw OBP, MCC can be used in environmental remediation of heavy metals. The bulk density of MCC was recorded at 0.447, which is slightly above the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specification of 0.32, and the tapped density was recorded at 0.532. The flow ability of MCC powder determines its suitability as a direct compression binder. Thus, the isolated MCC might be used as a reinforcing element for the production of green composites, binder, adsorbents, and plastic polymers.
{"title":"Microcrystalline Cellulose of Oil Bean Pod: Extraction, Physico-chemical, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Flow-ability Analysis","authors":"O. P. Nsude, kingsley John Orie","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i4226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i4226","url":null,"abstract":"Oil bean pods (OBPs) are a biomass that are indiscriminately dumped in eastern Nigeria, thus causes a lot of pollution. In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was isolated from oil bean pods using acid hydrolysis, and several characterizations were performed using a variety of sophisticated techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis has indicated the removal of lignin and hemicellulose from MCC extracted from oil bean pods. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) revealed a rough surface and minor agglomeration of the MCC. Furthermore, the isolated MCC has slightly higher inorganic minerals than the raw oil bean pod on the basis of SEM-EDX and the ash content. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis reveals that the specific surface area of MCC is 331.94 m2/g, which is greater than that of OBP, with 164.728 m2/g. Other characteristics like pore volume, and average pore diameter or size demonstrate that MCC has a superior property than the raw OBP. This implies that MCC could serve as a better adsorbent than the raw OBP. As a result of the increased surface area and high percentage of MCC, which is associated to chemical treatment of raw OBP, MCC can be used in environmental remediation of heavy metals. The bulk density of MCC was recorded at 0.447, which is slightly above the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specification of 0.32, and the tapped density was recorded at 0.532. The flow ability of MCC powder determines its suitability as a direct compression binder. Thus, the isolated MCC might be used as a reinforcing element for the production of green composites, binder, adsorbents, and plastic polymers.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74100828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i3224
Abdulrahman Adamu Isah, Stella Chinelo Amagbor, M. Halilu, S. Zauro, Muhammad Kabiru Nata’ala, Abdullahi Bilyaminu
Ficus capensis (farin baure) has wide application in traditional medicine especially in the Northan part of Nigeria in the treatment and management of diarrhoea and digestive distress. This is attributed to the presence of many biologically active compounds in their different parts. In this study, stem bark of F. capensis was extracted with four (4) solvents of different polarities ranging from non-polar, moderately polar to polar. Qualitative phytochemical screening of these extracts was conducted using standard laboratory procedures. The results revealed that only alkaloids, glycosides and carbohydrates were detected from the n-hexane (non-polar) extract of F. capensis while the chloroform and ethyl acetate (moderately polar solvents) and methanol (polar solvent) extracts showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids and proteins. But anthraquinones were not detected in all the extracts. Antimicrobial properties of the extracts were evaluated using clinical isolates of four different bacteria and fungi each. Different concentration of extracts was prepared and activity was measured using zone of inhibition in millimetres (mm). Methanol extracts showed activities against E. coli with the zone of inhibition 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm and 14 mm; B. subtilis with the zone of inhibition 10 mm, 11 mm, 13 mm and 15 mm all for 10, 20, 25 and 30% concentration of extracts respectively. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts showed antimicrobial activities against S. aureus (12 mm, 14 mm), E. coli (12 mm, 14 mm), P. aeruginosa (14 mm, 12 mm) and B. subtilis (12 mm, 16 mm) respectively for 20% concentration of the extracts. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed considerable antifungal activities against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fungatus. But the n-hexane extract did not show any reasonable antibacterial and no antifungal activities.
{"title":"Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activities of n-Hexane, Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and Methanol Extracts of Ficus capensis Stem Bark","authors":"Abdulrahman Adamu Isah, Stella Chinelo Amagbor, M. Halilu, S. Zauro, Muhammad Kabiru Nata’ala, Abdullahi Bilyaminu","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i3224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i3224","url":null,"abstract":"Ficus capensis (farin baure) has wide application in traditional medicine especially in the Northan part of Nigeria in the treatment and management of diarrhoea and digestive distress. This is attributed to the presence of many biologically active compounds in their different parts. In this study, stem bark of F. capensis was extracted with four (4) solvents of different polarities ranging from non-polar, moderately polar to polar. Qualitative phytochemical screening of these extracts was conducted using standard laboratory procedures. The results revealed that only alkaloids, glycosides and carbohydrates were detected from the n-hexane (non-polar) extract of F. capensis while the chloroform and ethyl acetate (moderately polar solvents) and methanol (polar solvent) extracts showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids and proteins. But anthraquinones were not detected in all the extracts. \u0000Antimicrobial properties of the extracts were evaluated using clinical isolates of four different bacteria and fungi each. Different concentration of extracts was prepared and activity was measured using zone of inhibition in millimetres (mm). Methanol extracts showed activities against E. coli with the zone of inhibition 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm and 14 mm; B. subtilis with the zone of inhibition 10 mm, 11 mm, 13 mm and 15 mm all for 10, 20, 25 and 30% concentration of extracts respectively. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts showed antimicrobial activities against S. aureus (12 mm, 14 mm), E. coli (12 mm, 14 mm), P. aeruginosa (14 mm, 12 mm) and B. subtilis (12 mm, 16 mm) respectively for 20% concentration of the extracts. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed considerable antifungal activities against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fungatus. But the n-hexane extract did not show any reasonable antibacterial and no antifungal activities.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91405035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i3221
Momoh Shuaibu
Tomatoes are one of the essential fruit consumed throughout the world. Lacks of storage facilities to mitigate post harvest loss still remain a greater problem. Drying is an important and traditional process to remove the moisture from the food. The basic principle of drying is to prevent microorganisms and increases shelf life without deteriorating. The aim of the study was to determine the proximate, mineral and anti nutritional compositions of dried and fresh tomato obtained from Gusau central market Zamfara State. Using A.O.A.C and statistical method. Results showed that moisture content reduced from 91.70% - 10.52%, Carbohydrate content increased from 7.60% - 76.4%, lycopene reduced from 89.52% - 70.91%, total energy increased from 32.68% - 317.67%, while protein, fiber, ash and vitamin c had no significant reduction from fresh to dried sample. There was no loss of mineral content from fresh to dried tomatoes, only reduction of content in mg/100g from fresh to dried sample; Calcium 30.06 – 25.35mg, Phosphors 28.52 – 20.60mg. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of Tannin, Oxalate, phytate, Sapoin, Phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid in both fresh and dried samples. Tannin had low concentration from 0.09 – 0.21mg, while alkaloid and flavonoid had 20.51 – 15.23mg and 28.62 – 20.51mg respectively. The traditional way of drying still remains the available method for farmers to prevent post harvest loss of tomatoes; therefore, Conducive environment has to be provided for the farmers to avoid possible contamination during drying.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis on Nutritional and Anti Nutritional Composition of Fresh and Dried Tomatoes (Lycopersicom esculentum, Solanum Lycoperiscum) Obtained from Gusau Central Market Zamfara State, Nigeria","authors":"Momoh Shuaibu","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i3221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i3221","url":null,"abstract":"Tomatoes are one of the essential fruit consumed throughout the world. Lacks of storage facilities to mitigate post harvest loss still remain a greater problem. Drying is an important and traditional process to remove the moisture from the food. The basic principle of drying is to prevent microorganisms and increases shelf life without deteriorating. The aim of the study was to determine the proximate, mineral and anti nutritional compositions of dried and fresh tomato obtained from Gusau central market Zamfara State. Using A.O.A.C and statistical method. Results showed that moisture content reduced from 91.70% - 10.52%, Carbohydrate content increased from 7.60% - 76.4%, lycopene reduced from 89.52% - 70.91%, total energy increased from 32.68% - 317.67%, while protein, fiber, ash and vitamin c had no significant reduction from fresh to dried sample. There was no loss of mineral content from fresh to dried tomatoes, only reduction of content in mg/100g from fresh to dried sample; Calcium 30.06 – 25.35mg, Phosphors 28.52 – 20.60mg. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of Tannin, Oxalate, phytate, Sapoin, Phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid in both fresh and dried samples. Tannin had low concentration from 0.09 – 0.21mg, while alkaloid and flavonoid had 20.51 – 15.23mg and 28.62 – 20.51mg respectively. The traditional way of drying still remains the available method for farmers to prevent post harvest loss of tomatoes; therefore, Conducive environment has to be provided for the farmers to avoid possible contamination during drying. ","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82742983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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