Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i3243
Adaora Stella Ogbuagu, Lilian Chinelo Innocent, N. Okoye, S. Umeh, J. Ogbuagu
Green route synthesis of nanoparticles has been known to be beneficial as one of the non-toxic methods of synthesizing potential drugs. The aqueous extracts of Vigna subterranean (Bambara nut) leaves discarded after harvest were used in the synthesis of silver and zinc nanoparticles using 1mM concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and zinc oxide (Zn O) respectively. The nanoparticles were characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV/Vis) Spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD). Antibacterial and antifungal studies were conducted on two strains of bacteria (Salmonella typhi. and Staphylococcus aureus) and two strains of fungi (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) based on their inhibition zone diameter using paper disk diffusion methods. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant studies were also conducted on the nanoparticles using the inhibition of protein denaturation and reduction of DPPH respectively. The λmax absorption of the nanoparticles were found to be 434 and 460 nm respectively in the UV/Vis region. Their shapes and nature were spherical and amorphous as confirmed by the SEM and XRD analysis. The diameters of the nanoparticles ranged from 20 to 60 nm using the Particle metric particle analysis software. The FTIR confirmed the presence of some bioactive functional groups involved in the reduction of AgNO3 and Zn O to Ag and Zn nanoparticles. The nanoparticles showed moderate activities against the tested bacterial strains while showing no activity against the fungi strain when compared with standard drugs. They however showed strong anti- inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The silver and zinc mediated nanoparticles could serve as a potential source for antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Post-harvest Leaves of Vigna subterranean and their Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Potentials","authors":"Adaora Stella Ogbuagu, Lilian Chinelo Innocent, N. Okoye, S. Umeh, J. Ogbuagu","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i3243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i3243","url":null,"abstract":"Green route synthesis of nanoparticles has been known to be beneficial as one of the non-toxic methods of synthesizing potential drugs. The aqueous extracts of Vigna subterranean (Bambara nut) leaves discarded after harvest were used in the synthesis of silver and zinc nanoparticles using 1mM concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and zinc oxide (Zn O) respectively. The nanoparticles were characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV/Vis) Spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD). Antibacterial and antifungal studies were conducted on two strains of bacteria (Salmonella typhi. and Staphylococcus aureus) and two strains of fungi (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) based on their inhibition zone diameter using paper disk diffusion methods. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant studies were also conducted on the nanoparticles using the inhibition of protein denaturation and reduction of DPPH respectively. The λmax absorption of the nanoparticles were found to be 434 and 460 nm respectively in the UV/Vis region. Their shapes and nature were spherical and amorphous as confirmed by the SEM and XRD analysis. The diameters of the nanoparticles ranged from 20 to 60 nm using the Particle metric particle analysis software. The FTIR confirmed the presence of some bioactive functional groups involved in the reduction of AgNO3 and Zn O to Ag and Zn nanoparticles. The nanoparticles showed moderate activities against the tested bacterial strains while showing no activity against the fungi strain when compared with standard drugs. They however showed strong anti- inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The silver and zinc mediated nanoparticles could serve as a potential source for antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"2118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86552315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2242
F. Jones, I. Anweting, I. E. Okon
Electron transfer reaction of theobromine (hereafter referred to as TB) and permanganate ion has been studied using spectrophotometric technique under pseudo first-order conditions at T = 24, [H+] = 3.2 × 10–1 mol dm–3and I = 1.0 mol dm–3 (Na2SO4). Stoichiometric study depicted that two moles of TB were consumed by one mole of permanganate ion. The rate of the reaction is first order in both [TB] and [MnO4-] and second order overall. It was observed that, [H+] and ionic strength respectively enhanced the rate of the reaction in the range studied. Michaelis-Mentens analysis showed no evidence of intermediate complex formation. Added anions and cations were observed to catalyze the reaction rate. The reaction conforms to the rate law as shown below: -d [MnO4-]/dt = (a+b [H+]) [TB] [MnO4-] where a = 0.041 dm3mol–1 s–1 and b= 0.028 dm3mol–1 s–1. The reaction thus occurs by an outer-sphere pathway and plausible mechanism is proposed for the reaction.
采用分光光度法研究了可可碱(以下简称TB)与高锰酸盐离子在T = 24， [H+] = 3.2 × 10-1 mol dm-3, I = 1.0 mol dm-3 (Na2SO4)的准一级条件下的电子转移反应。化学计量学研究表明，1摩尔高锰酸盐离子能消耗2摩尔TB。[TB]和[MnO4-]的反应速率都是一级反应，总的反应速率是二级反应。在研究范围内，[H+]和离子强度分别提高了反应速率。Michaelis-Mentens分析显示没有中间复杂地层的证据。观察了添加阴离子和阳离子对反应速率的催化作用。反应符合率法如下所示:- d (MnO4 -) / dt = (a + b (H +)) (MnO4(结核病) -] 一个= 0.041 dm3mol-1 s - 1和b = 0.028 dm3mol-1 s - 1。因此，该反应是通过外球途径发生的，并提出了合理的反应机理。
{"title":"Electron Transfer Reaction of Theobromine and Permanganate Ion in Aqueous Acidic Media","authors":"F. Jones, I. Anweting, I. E. Okon","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2242","url":null,"abstract":"Electron transfer reaction of theobromine (hereafter referred to as TB) and permanganate ion has been studied using spectrophotometric technique under pseudo first-order conditions at T = 24, [H+] = 3.2 × 10–1 mol dm–3and I = 1.0 mol dm–3 (Na2SO4). Stoichiometric study depicted that two moles of TB were consumed by one mole of permanganate ion. The rate of the reaction is first order in both [TB] and [MnO4-] and second order overall. It was observed that, [H+] and ionic strength respectively enhanced the rate of the reaction in the range studied. Michaelis-Mentens analysis showed no evidence of intermediate complex formation. Added anions and cations were observed to catalyze the reaction rate. The reaction conforms to the rate law as shown below: \u0000 \u0000 -d [MnO4-]/dt = (a+b [H+]) [TB] [MnO4-] \u0000 where a = 0.041 dm3mol–1 s–1 and b= 0.028 dm3mol–1 s–1.\u0000The reaction thus occurs by an outer-sphere pathway and plausible mechanism is proposed for the reaction.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86370320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2241
O. C. Onyekachi, D. R. Ukachukwu, A. Ozioma, Abayeh, Ovi Julius
The study reports on the effect of acetylation on the physicochemical parameters of Caladium bicolor starch. The starch was extracted and acetylated using various acetic acid volumes and reaction periods (30, 60, and 90 minutes). Both unmodified and acetylated starches were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and some models. The findings estimated a low amylose content of 16.95%, and amylopectin at 83.05% in unmodified starch. The swelling power was 72.45 (unmodified), and 64.9–68.5 (modified); paste clarity was 2.013 (unmodified), and 1.73–1.91 (modified); gelatinization temperature was 75oC (unmodified), and 76–78oC (modified); water binding capacity was 68.6% (unmodified), and 68–92.7% (modified); oil binding capacity was 53.8% (unmodified), and 53.2–92.63% (modified); % acetyl group and degree of substitution were 0.73-3.63 and 0.03-0.13. The FTIR reveals the vibration frequencies of 3283.62 cm-1, 1018 cm-1 and 1240 cm-1 affirm the presence of OH, C-O, and CH3 in the unmodified. Whereas, the prominent peak at 1647.28 cm-1 assigned to the carbonyl C=O and its increase in intensity and height affirmed the increase in the acetylation of starch molecules. Starch obtained from Caladium bicolor and the acetylated products could be used as glue, thickeners, gelling agents and adhesives for paper products and textile industry.
{"title":"Effect of Acetylation on the Physicochemical Properties of Starch Extract from Caladium bicolor","authors":"O. C. Onyekachi, D. R. Ukachukwu, A. Ozioma, Abayeh, Ovi Julius","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2241","url":null,"abstract":"The study reports on the effect of acetylation on the physicochemical parameters of Caladium bicolor starch. The starch was extracted and acetylated using various acetic acid volumes and reaction periods (30, 60, and 90 minutes). Both unmodified and acetylated starches were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and some models. The findings estimated a low amylose content of 16.95%, and amylopectin at 83.05% in unmodified starch. The swelling power was 72.45 (unmodified), and 64.9–68.5 (modified); paste clarity was 2.013 (unmodified), and 1.73–1.91 (modified); gelatinization temperature was 75oC (unmodified), and 76–78oC (modified); water binding capacity was 68.6% (unmodified), and 68–92.7% (modified); oil binding capacity was 53.8% (unmodified), and 53.2–92.63% (modified); % acetyl group and degree of substitution were 0.73-3.63 and 0.03-0.13. The FTIR reveals the vibration frequencies of 3283.62 cm-1, 1018 cm-1 and 1240 cm-1 affirm the presence of OH, C-O, and CH3 in the unmodified. Whereas, the prominent peak at 1647.28 cm-1 assigned to the carbonyl C=O and its increase in intensity and height affirmed the increase in the acetylation of starch molecules. Starch obtained from Caladium bicolor and the acetylated products could be used as glue, thickeners, gelling agents and adhesives for paper products and textile industry.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74547194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-14DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2240
J. F. Effiong, A. Nyong, E. Boekom, N. Simon
This study investigates the photodegradation of a mixture of 4 azo dyes (direct orange 39, chlorantine fast red 5B, viscose black B and direct sky blue K) present in textile effluents and the influence of catalyst dose, irradiation time, UV power intensity on the overall photodegradation kinetics of the process. The photocatalytic experiments were conducted in a batch stirred photoreactor equipped with a 10 W, 30W and 60 UV lamps, magnetic stirrer and thermometer. The photocatalysts used was zinc oxide nanoparticle doped with aluminium (AZO, 15nm, 99.99 to %). The results obtained showed that variation in the physical parameters influenced the efficiency of photodegradation. The kinetic study indicated that the photodegradation of the dyes present in the effluent from the textile industry followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model that is modified to accommodate reactions occurring at a solid-liquid interphase. At the catalyst dose of 0.5g/l, the apparent first order rate constant K1, was 0.00615 min-1 but at 2.5g/l it reduced to 0.00567 min-1. The best degradation was at the catalyst dose of 2.0g/L with the rate constant of 0.0134 min-1.
{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation and Kinetics of Dyes in Textile Effluent Using UV – ZnO-Al System","authors":"J. F. Effiong, A. Nyong, E. Boekom, N. Simon","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2240","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the photodegradation of a mixture of 4 azo dyes (direct orange 39, chlorantine fast red 5B, viscose black B and direct sky blue K) present in textile effluents and the influence of catalyst dose, irradiation time, UV power intensity on the overall photodegradation kinetics of the process. The photocatalytic experiments were conducted in a batch stirred photoreactor equipped with a 10 W, 30W and 60 UV lamps, magnetic stirrer and thermometer. The photocatalysts used was zinc oxide nanoparticle doped with aluminium (AZO, 15nm, 99.99 to %). The results obtained showed that variation in the physical parameters influenced the efficiency of photodegradation. The kinetic study indicated that the photodegradation of the dyes present in the effluent from the textile industry followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model that is modified to accommodate reactions occurring at a solid-liquid interphase. At the catalyst dose of 0.5g/l, the apparent first order rate constant K1, was 0.00615 min-1 but at 2.5g/l it reduced to 0.00567 min-1. The best degradation was at the catalyst dose of 2.0g/L with the rate constant of 0.0134 min-1.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87516975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2239
N. Elamin, Egbal Eltom, R. Ramadan
In this study lead oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using ecofriendly and non-toxic Morus rubra extract. The obtained lead oxide nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, BET and FTIR techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that synthesized PbO nanoparticles had crystallite structure of high purity. SEM survey shows that the obtained nanoparticles having in general uniform particle distribution and the particle sizes vary within the range of 22.4 to 29.2nm. As established by EDX to confirm the presence of lead and oxygen, the weight percentage of the latter was (71.5 % Pb and 28.5% O), respectively. FT-IR spectra exhibit a sharp peak at 439.38 and 595.46 cm−1 attributed to PbO vibration, confirming the formation of PbO nanoparticles. The effectiveness of PbO nanostructures for removing indigo carmine (MG) dye from an aqueous solution is demonstrated in this article. , the MG dye uptake and adsorption processes were investigated using a PbO sorbent. The maximum adsorption capacity and contact time were optimized which corresponding to 41.3 mg. g-1 and 60min respectively.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Lead Oxide Nanoparticles, Characterization and Adsorption Study for Removal of Malachite Green Dye","authors":"N. Elamin, Egbal Eltom, R. Ramadan","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2239","url":null,"abstract":"In this study lead oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using ecofriendly and non-toxic Morus rubra extract. The obtained lead oxide nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, BET and FTIR techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that synthesized PbO nanoparticles had crystallite structure of high purity. SEM survey shows that the obtained nanoparticles having in general uniform particle distribution and the particle sizes vary within the range of 22.4 to 29.2nm. As established by EDX to confirm the presence of lead and oxygen, the weight percentage of the latter was (71.5 % Pb and 28.5% O), respectively. FT-IR spectra exhibit a sharp peak at 439.38 and 595.46 cm−1 attributed to PbO vibration, confirming the formation of PbO nanoparticles. The effectiveness of PbO nanostructures for removing indigo carmine (MG) dye from an aqueous solution is demonstrated in this article. , the MG dye uptake and adsorption processes were investigated using a PbO sorbent. The maximum adsorption capacity and contact time were optimized which corresponding to 41.3 mg. g-1 and 60min respectively.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"440 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88097070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2238
Menkiti, Nora Azuka, Osuji, Leo C., Onojake, M. C.
This research examined the total extractable hydrocarbon content comprising of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), total hydrogen carbon (THC) and total organic nitrogen (TON) of an oil-spill-impacted site in Ogoni land, Okenta Alode, Eleme local government area, Rivers state, Nigeria. Sediment samples of crude oil hydrocarbon contaminated soils were randomly collected from different points at the study sites. Samples were collected between 0 - 15cm (surface m level) and 15 - 30cm (in-depth level) with soil auger and thereafter bulked to obtain composite sample. Bio remediated soil, obtained at about 200 m away from the contaminated site was also collected making a total of twelve (12) samples, with the coordinates of the locations recorded with a GPS device. The samples collected in sterile non-reactive polythene bags and transported using icepacks to the laboratory for analyses and the sediments stored at 6°C and extracted within 14 days of collection. The result of the study revealed among others that the oil-spill-impacted sites contain high concentration of TPH, as the highest concentration obtained from the different sites was 298.57 mg/kg and the lowest was 100.80 mg/kg. Also, the in-depth samples contain higher concentrations than the surface level samples, while similar results were also observed for PAHs and THC. The THC values for surface level samples are in the order of P3/S/O2 (129.000 mg/kg) > P5/S/O1 (229.300 mg/kg) > P1/S/O1 (232.200 mg/kg) > P4/S/O1 (256.111 mg/kg) > P2/S/O1 (303.100 mg/kg). The PAHs concentration in the sediment were within the acceptable limits and showed trend of DBA > Chr > BbFL > Ind > BaA > BkFL > Pyr > Fl > Flu > Ant > AcPY > Phen > AcP > NaP. There was no non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk posed to the populace as a result of PAHs contamination. Thus, the result suggest that these sediments may be contaminated with PAHs, TPH and THC and has reduced TON due to hydrocarbon contamination which may reduce plant growth in the study area. It recommends that these contaminations resulting from hydrocarbons be contained to prevent it from resulting to deleterious health effects to the exposed populace.
{"title":"Hydrocarbon Profile of Oil-Spill-Impacted Soils from Ogoni in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Menkiti, Nora Azuka, Osuji, Leo C., Onojake, M. C.","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i2238","url":null,"abstract":"This research examined the total extractable hydrocarbon content comprising of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), total hydrogen carbon (THC) and total organic nitrogen (TON) of an oil-spill-impacted site in Ogoni land, Okenta Alode, Eleme local government area, Rivers state, Nigeria. Sediment samples of crude oil hydrocarbon contaminated soils were randomly collected from different points at the study sites. Samples were collected between 0 - 15cm (surface m level) and 15 - 30cm (in-depth level) with soil auger and thereafter bulked to obtain composite sample. Bio remediated soil, obtained at about 200 m away from the contaminated site was also collected making a total of twelve (12) samples, with the coordinates of the locations recorded with a GPS device. The samples collected in sterile non-reactive polythene bags and transported using icepacks to the laboratory for analyses and the sediments stored at 6°C and extracted within 14 days of collection. The result of the study revealed among others that the oil-spill-impacted sites contain high concentration of TPH, as the highest concentration obtained from the different sites was 298.57 mg/kg and the lowest was 100.80 mg/kg. Also, the in-depth samples contain higher concentrations than the surface level samples, while similar results were also observed for PAHs and THC. The THC values for surface level samples are in the order of P3/S/O2 (129.000 mg/kg) > P5/S/O1 (229.300 mg/kg) > P1/S/O1 (232.200 mg/kg) > P4/S/O1 (256.111 mg/kg) > P2/S/O1 (303.100 mg/kg). The PAHs concentration in the sediment were within the acceptable limits and showed trend of DBA > Chr > BbFL > Ind > BaA > BkFL > Pyr > Fl > Flu > Ant > AcPY > Phen > AcP > NaP. There was no non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk posed to the populace as a result of PAHs contamination. Thus, the result suggest that these sediments may be contaminated with PAHs, TPH and THC and has reduced TON due to hydrocarbon contamination which may reduce plant growth in the study area. It recommends that these contaminations resulting from hydrocarbons be contained to prevent it from resulting to deleterious health effects to the exposed populace.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75292389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some legumes are commonly used as commercial food crops in West Africa while others are lesser known, neglected or underutilized. This research work is aimed at the evaluation of the chemical compositions and possible utilization of the legume Lablab purpureus and Phaseolus lunatus samples to solve metabolic diseases. The evaluation of the chemical compositions and glycemic index (GI) of both seeds were carried out using standard methods. Phytochemical screening conducted on the seeds showed the presence of tannin, saponin, alkaloid and flavonoids in both samples. The results of antioxidant properties of the seeds showed that Phaseolu slunatus and Lablab purpureushave Vitamin C (35.01 ± 0.02 and8.75± 0.03)mg/g, ferric reducing property (20.54 ± 0.02and 12.75 ± 0.03)mg/g, phenol (2.02 ± 0.02 and 2.05 ± 0.02)mg/g, flavonoids (3.47 ± 0.11 and3.22 ± 0.02) % andfree radical scavenging property (46.52 ±0.05 and 60.16 ±0.32)% respectively.The anti-nutrient results showed tannin (1.07 ± 0.01 and 1.22 ± 0.02)%, saponin (4.66 ± 0.05 and 5.15 5.15 ± 0.05)%, oxalate (3.20 ± 0.19 and 5.19 ± 0.19)mg/g, phytate(6.51 ± 0.01 and 2.64 ± 0.01) % for Lablab purpureus and Phaseoluslunatusseeds are respectively.The glycemic indices observed are ( 50.86 and 58.21)% forLablab purpureus and Phaseoluslunatusseeds respectively. The findings revealed that both seeds possessed good nutritional quality required in human diet together with adequate antioxidant properties plus low and medium glycemic indices that could help in fighting various cardiovascular diseases and prove them to be good sources of neutraceuticals required for a healthy living especially in diabetic patients.
{"title":"Phytochemicals, Antioxidants and Glycemic Index Assessment of Lablab purpureus (Lablab Bean) and Phaseolus lunatus (Lima Bean) Seeds","authors":"Amoo Isiaka Adekunle, Balogun, Temitayo Mary, Ibeto, Augustina Ukamaka, Adeboye, Omolara Olubunmi","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i1237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i1237","url":null,"abstract":"Some legumes are commonly used as commercial food crops in West Africa while others are lesser known, neglected or underutilized. This research work is aimed at the evaluation of the chemical compositions and possible utilization of the legume Lablab purpureus and Phaseolus lunatus samples to solve metabolic diseases. The evaluation of the chemical compositions and glycemic index (GI) of both seeds were carried out using standard methods. Phytochemical screening conducted on the seeds showed the presence of tannin, saponin, alkaloid and flavonoids in both samples. The results of antioxidant properties of the seeds showed that Phaseolu slunatus and Lablab purpureushave Vitamin C (35.01 ± 0.02 and8.75± 0.03)mg/g, ferric reducing property (20.54 ± 0.02and 12.75 ± 0.03)mg/g, phenol (2.02 ± 0.02 and 2.05 ± 0.02)mg/g, flavonoids (3.47 ± 0.11 and3.22 ± 0.02) % andfree radical scavenging property (46.52 ±0.05 and 60.16 ±0.32)% respectively.The anti-nutrient results showed tannin (1.07 ± 0.01 and 1.22 ± 0.02)%, saponin (4.66 ± 0.05 and 5.15 5.15 ± 0.05)%, oxalate (3.20 ± 0.19 and 5.19 ± 0.19)mg/g, phytate(6.51 ± 0.01 and 2.64 ± 0.01) % for Lablab purpureus and Phaseoluslunatusseeds are respectively.The glycemic indices observed are ( 50.86 and 58.21)% forLablab purpureus and Phaseoluslunatusseeds respectively. The findings revealed that both seeds possessed good nutritional quality required in human diet together with adequate antioxidant properties plus low and medium glycemic indices that could help in fighting various cardiovascular diseases and prove them to be good sources of neutraceuticals required for a healthy living especially in diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79105449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i1235
Emel Moral, Fethiye Göde, Okan Bayram
Aims: In this study, biochar and magnetic biochar were obtained from loquat seeds. The obtained biochars were used to remove methyl blue from the aqueous solution. Study Design: The effects of adsorbent substance dosage, pH, initial methyl blue concentration, time and temperature on the adsorption process were investigated. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Applied and Natural Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, between February 2022 and February 2023. Methodology: In this study, batch adsorption method, which is an easily applicable and common method, was used to remove dye from aqueous media. Modified loquat seeds were characterized by FTIR, BET analysis. The adsorption process was investigated in terms of kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics. Results: The maximum adsorption capacity was 31.746 mg/g for biochar and 67.568 mg/g for magnetic biochar. According to the kinetic data, the adsorption rate is pseudo-second-order. According to the thermodynamic data, negative ΔG values indicated that adsorption of methyl blue occurred spontaneously. According to negative ΔH values, the adsorption process was exothermic. When the adsorption isotherms were examined, it was seen that loquat biochar and modified loquat biochar were suitable for the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Conclusion: Modified loquat seeds can be used to remove methyl blue dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents used can be modified with different chemicals to increase the adsorption capacity and contribute to the literature.
{"title":"Removal of Methyl Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Magnetic Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Seed","authors":"Emel Moral, Fethiye Göde, Okan Bayram","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i1235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i1235","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: In this study, biochar and magnetic biochar were obtained from loquat seeds. The obtained biochars were used to remove methyl blue from the aqueous solution. \u0000Study Design: The effects of adsorbent substance dosage, pH, initial methyl blue concentration, time and temperature on the adsorption process were investigated. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Applied and Natural Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, between February 2022 and February 2023. \u0000Methodology: In this study, batch adsorption method, which is an easily applicable and common method, was used to remove dye from aqueous media. Modified loquat seeds were characterized by FTIR, BET analysis. The adsorption process was investigated in terms of kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics. \u0000Results: The maximum adsorption capacity was 31.746 mg/g for biochar and 67.568 mg/g for magnetic biochar. According to the kinetic data, the adsorption rate is pseudo-second-order. According to the thermodynamic data, negative ΔG values indicated that adsorption of methyl blue occurred spontaneously. According to negative ΔH values, the adsorption process was exothermic. When the adsorption isotherms were examined, it was seen that loquat biochar and modified loquat biochar were suitable for the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. \u0000Conclusion: Modified loquat seeds can be used to remove methyl blue dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents used can be modified with different chemicals to increase the adsorption capacity and contribute to the literature.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83138323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i1234
Nweke Chinenyenwa Nkeiruka, O. Elijah, Iheanacho Chamberlain Ositadimma
The effectiveness of the bleaching of crude palm oil was carried out using alkaline-activated Amansea clay. The clay sample was sun-dried, ground, sieved and activated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Potassium hydroxide (KOH). The raw and alkaline-activated clay (AAMC) samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses. The dosage, temperature and contact time of the process were varied to observe the efficiency of the bleaching process. The results of the characterization indicated that the raw and activated clays were kaolinite and the clay changed significantly after activation. The bleaching efficiency improved with an increase in temperature and an increase in the mass of the adsorbent. The highest bleaching efficiency of 83.2% was obtained. The pseudo-second-order model best described the adsorption process at 100 oC. The Temkin isotherm model best fitted the experimental data when compared to the other isotherm models because it gave the highest R2 values of >0.9 at all temperatures. The thermodynamics studies carried out from the experimental data indicated that the process was endothermic with an increase in randomness at the solid/liquid interface. The values of the enthalpy and entropy were evaluated as 6.193 KJ/mol and 173.50 J/mol respectively. The adsorption of crude palm oil became spontaneous at 363 and 373 K due to the negative values of Gibb’s free energy obtained at those temperatures. The experimental result indicates that 83.2% bleaching efficiency can be from bleaching crude palm oil with alkaline-activated Amansea clay.
{"title":"Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Crude Palm Oil Bleaching Using Amansea Clay","authors":"Nweke Chinenyenwa Nkeiruka, O. Elijah, Iheanacho Chamberlain Ositadimma","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i1234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i1234","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of the bleaching of crude palm oil was carried out using alkaline-activated Amansea clay. The clay sample was sun-dried, ground, sieved and activated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Potassium hydroxide (KOH). The raw and alkaline-activated clay (AAMC) samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses. The dosage, temperature and contact time of the process were varied to observe the efficiency of the bleaching process. The results of the characterization indicated that the raw and activated clays were kaolinite and the clay changed significantly after activation. The bleaching efficiency improved with an increase in temperature and an increase in the mass of the adsorbent. The highest bleaching efficiency of 83.2% was obtained. The pseudo-second-order model best described the adsorption process at 100 oC. The Temkin isotherm model best fitted the experimental data when compared to the other isotherm models because it gave the highest R2 values of >0.9 at all temperatures. The thermodynamics studies carried out from the experimental data indicated that the process was endothermic with an increase in randomness at the solid/liquid interface. The values of the enthalpy and entropy were evaluated as 6.193 KJ/mol and 173.50 J/mol respectively. The adsorption of crude palm oil became spontaneous at 363 and 373 K due to the negative values of Gibb’s free energy obtained at those temperatures. The experimental result indicates that 83.2% bleaching efficiency can be from bleaching crude palm oil with alkaline-activated Amansea clay.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88956441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-08DOI: 10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i1233
U. Ozkan, Okan Bayram, Fethiye Göde, Sezen Coskun, H. Şahin
Aims: The aim of the study was to use Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to find optimal experimental design for wastewater treatments from office paper recycling. In this way, interactive effects of treatment factors were evaluated, including microwave power (MW) and durations with centrifuge time while turbidity of wastewater was chosen as the dependent output variable or an optimal response. Methodology: The RSM approach was utilized for optimization of the process parameters and identifying the optimal conditions for the removal of turbidity in paper recycling wastewater. In this regard, a three-factor RSM were selected, using MW irradiation power (Watts), durations (seconds) and centrifuge time (min). Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to identify the adequacy of the developed model. In this case, specially prepared office papers (one-side laser printed) were subjected to standard paper recycling procedure for obtaining wastewater at laboratory conditions. The experimentally derived RSM model was validated using range of statistical parameters. Conclusions: The study revealed that under the RSM optimized conditions, a marked reduction in the turbidity of wastewater was observed for both groups studied. The R2, R2(adj) and R2(pred) values were indicates, the developed model was significant which revealed a well agreement between the experimental data and proposed model. In this approach, the R2=99.710% and lack-of-fit value were found to be 0.111 (p>0.05), which shows the model and the data consisted to each other. The lowest turbidity value was found with 150.000 Watts and 60.000 seconds in MW conditions with 15.000 minutes of centrifugation time, experimentally. With employing these variables, the turbidity value of 6.65 NTU was determined. However, the highest turbidity value of 18.013 NTU was found with MW power of 200.00 Watts with 40.000 seconds of durations and 1.591 minute of centrifugation time. It is important to note that with using optimized parameters, the turbidity value of 1.43 NTU was calculated while 1.47 NTU was found with experimentally.
{"title":"Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for Optimizing Turbidity of Paper Recycling Wastewater Using Microwave Technology","authors":"U. Ozkan, Okan Bayram, Fethiye Göde, Sezen Coskun, H. Şahin","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i1233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2023/v13i1233","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of the study was to use Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to find optimal experimental design for wastewater treatments from office paper recycling. In this way, interactive effects of treatment factors were evaluated, including microwave power (MW) and durations with centrifuge time while turbidity of wastewater was chosen as the dependent output variable or an optimal response. \u0000Methodology: The RSM approach was utilized for optimization of the process parameters and identifying the optimal conditions for the removal of turbidity in paper recycling wastewater. In this regard, a three-factor RSM were selected, using MW irradiation power (Watts), durations (seconds) and centrifuge time (min). Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to identify the adequacy of the developed model. In this case, specially prepared office papers (one-side laser printed) were subjected to standard paper recycling procedure for obtaining wastewater at laboratory conditions. The experimentally derived RSM model was validated using range of statistical parameters. \u0000Conclusions: The study revealed that under the RSM optimized conditions, a marked reduction in the turbidity of wastewater was observed for both groups studied. The R2, R2(adj) and R2(pred) values were indicates, the developed model was significant which revealed a well agreement between the experimental data and proposed model. In this approach, the R2=99.710% and lack-of-fit value were found to be 0.111 (p>0.05), which shows the model and the data consisted to each other. The lowest turbidity value was found with 150.000 Watts and 60.000 seconds in MW conditions with 15.000 minutes of centrifugation time, experimentally. With employing these variables, the turbidity value of 6.65 NTU was determined. However, the highest turbidity value of 18.013 NTU was found with MW power of 200.00 Watts with 40.000 seconds of durations and 1.591 minute of centrifugation time. It is important to note that with using optimized parameters, the turbidity value of 1.43 NTU was calculated while 1.47 NTU was found with experimentally.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79176498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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