Lantana is a common plant found in around 60 tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. It is a highly invasive species that has tremendously dominated over other species of plants and threaten biodiversity. At present, physical, chemical, and biological agents are in consideration to eradicate this plant to prevent the threat to biodiversity and soil fertility. Lantana is considered as an unwanted plant and its biomass is disposed off. In this review, the pharmaceutical potential of this plant and its phytochemical constituents are discussed. Being source for wide variety of bioactive phytochemicals, Lantana is a valuable pharmaceutical raw material. Hence, instead of eradicating the plant as waste material, its pharmaceutical potentials such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities can be exploited for the possible application as therapeutic agent. The modern medicine can take advantage of the fast-growing nature of this plant and use this plant as a tool for biopharming. In traditional medicine, Lantana has been used in formulation along with other plants as a treatment for several ailments. This review concludes that Lantana is a medicinally valuable plant, with huge potential in the pharmaceutical industry.
{"title":"Phytochemical Composition and Pharmaceutical Potential of Lantana sp: A Review","authors":"L. Ravi","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3607","url":null,"abstract":"Lantana is a common plant found in around 60 tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. It is a highly invasive species that has tremendously dominated over other species of plants and threaten biodiversity. At present, physical, chemical, and biological agents are in consideration to eradicate this plant to prevent the threat to biodiversity and soil fertility. Lantana is considered as an unwanted plant and its biomass is disposed off. In this review, the pharmaceutical potential of this plant and its phytochemical constituents are discussed. Being source for wide variety of bioactive phytochemicals, Lantana is a valuable pharmaceutical raw material. Hence, instead of eradicating the plant as waste material, its pharmaceutical potentials such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities can be exploited for the possible application as therapeutic agent. The modern medicine can take advantage of the fast-growing nature of this plant and use this plant as a tool for biopharming. In traditional medicine, Lantana has been used in formulation along with other plants as a treatment for several ailments. This review concludes that Lantana is a medicinally valuable plant, with huge potential in the pharmaceutical industry.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44097049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The present paper modeled combination of three herbal extracts, extract from the seed of Carica papaya, lyophilized water of Cocos nucifera, and extract from the stem of Ichnocarpus frutescens to evaluate their free radical scavenging activity, using Box-Behnken design response surface methodology (BBD-RSM), a statistical technique designed to optimize compositions that we applied in a novel manner to design combinations of herbal extracts for better antioxidant and antipsoriatic activity. Material and Methods: A BBD-RSM design using three factors and three levels were selected to optimize the ratio of three herbal extracts. Effect of three independent factors, that is, dry weight of C. papaya seed extract (ethanolic), dry weight of lyophilized coconut water, and dry weight of Ichnocarpus extract (hydroalcoholic) was studied on two dependent responses, that is, superoxide dismutase and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl activity. Results and Discussion: Combining herbal extracts in optimum ratio have shown synergistic potential against oxidative stress and for free radical scavenging activity. Combination therapy has been shown to be effective in preventing many disorders as compared to their individual potential for cure. The analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the significant differences between the independent variables. BBD-RSM allows for extrapolation of data from three or more compounds in variable ratio combinations. Conclusion: It has been proved that the optimized herbal extracts in a proper amount have significant potential against antioxidant and antipsoriatic activity.
{"title":"Application of Response Surface Methodology for Combination of Herbal Extracts Against Antioxidant and Antipsoriatic Activity","authors":"H. Chadha","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3610","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present paper modeled combination of three herbal extracts, extract from the seed of Carica papaya, lyophilized water of Cocos nucifera, and extract from the stem of Ichnocarpus frutescens to evaluate their free radical scavenging activity, using Box-Behnken design response surface methodology (BBD-RSM), a statistical technique designed to optimize compositions that we applied in a novel manner to design combinations of herbal extracts for better antioxidant and antipsoriatic activity. Material and Methods: A BBD-RSM design using three factors and three levels were selected to optimize the ratio of three herbal extracts. Effect of three independent factors, that is, dry weight of C. papaya seed extract (ethanolic), dry weight of lyophilized coconut water, and dry weight of Ichnocarpus extract (hydroalcoholic) was studied on two dependent responses, that is, superoxide dismutase and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl activity. Results and Discussion: Combining herbal extracts in optimum ratio have shown synergistic potential against oxidative stress and for free radical scavenging activity. Combination therapy has been shown to be effective in preventing many disorders as compared to their individual potential for cure. The analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the significant differences between the independent variables. BBD-RSM allows for extrapolation of data from three or more compounds in variable ratio combinations. Conclusion: It has been proved that the optimized herbal extracts in a proper amount have significant potential against antioxidant and antipsoriatic activity.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49526972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The aim of the research was to substantiate the amount of propellant in the composition of the aerosol concentrate, depending on the consumption characteristics of the film formed on the wound surface. The publication experimentally substantiates the concentration of propellant chladon-134a, which is a necessary component for the formation of a film-forming aerosol. Materials and Methods: The authors used modern research methods: Pharmacotechnological and physicochemical – to substantiate the optimal amount of propellant in the composition of the developed aerosol film forming. Results: Studies have shown that the type and amount of propellant affects the film formation. The authors found that depending on the amount of propellant in the balloon, the type of delivery of the solution from the balloon will change – or sprayed, or removed smoothly; the appearance of the film depends on the amount of propellant – smooth, shiny, as well as the percentage of concentrate dispensing from the aerosol container. Discussion and Conclusion: Physicochemical studies have proved the influence of propellant on the technological parameters of the film-forming aerosol: Type of delivery, appearance – colorless film with a smooth shiny surface; film thickness – 10–200 μ; drying time – 10–15 min; and the percentage yield of the contents of the aerosol container – 97.84 ± 2.31%. The use of propellant chladon 134a at a concentration of 10% was found to be optimal. At this concentration, the highest percentage yield of the contents of the aerosol container is ensured, which allows to obtain a film with a smooth type of delivery and satisfactory consumer characteristics.
{"title":"The Influence of Propellant on the Technological Qualities of a Floating Aerosol","authors":"Davtian Lena","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3626","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of the research was to substantiate the amount of propellant in the composition of the aerosol concentrate, depending on the consumption characteristics of the film formed on the wound surface. The publication experimentally substantiates the concentration of propellant chladon-134a, which is a necessary component for the formation of a film-forming aerosol. Materials and Methods: The authors used modern research methods: Pharmacotechnological and physicochemical – to substantiate the optimal amount of propellant in the composition of the developed aerosol film forming. Results: Studies have shown that the type and amount of propellant affects the film formation. The authors found that depending on the amount of propellant in the balloon, the type of delivery of the solution from the balloon will change – or sprayed, or removed smoothly; the appearance of the film depends on the amount of propellant – smooth, shiny, as well as the percentage of concentrate dispensing from the aerosol container. Discussion and Conclusion: Physicochemical studies have proved the influence of propellant on the technological parameters of the film-forming aerosol: Type of delivery, appearance – colorless film with a smooth shiny surface; film thickness – 10–200 μ; drying time – 10–15 min; and the percentage yield of the contents of the aerosol container – 97.84 ± 2.31%. The use of propellant chladon 134a at a concentration of 10% was found to be optimal. At this concentration, the highest percentage yield of the contents of the aerosol container is ensured, which allows to obtain a film with a smooth type of delivery and satisfactory consumer characteristics.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42948129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the direct cost of acute exacerbation of asthma (AEXA) among asthmatic patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 111 asthma patients who were admitted to a public hospital with AEXA included in this study. The costs, including investigation charge, unit costs of treatment per bed, medication charge, food costs, transportation costs, and loss of productivity per asthma episode, were calculated. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ver.23.0. Results: A median medical cost of AEXA under the government perspective was USD 105.00 per episode. Medication cost comprised the majority (52.38%) of the total medical costs and lab investigations. A median medical cost of AEXA under the patient’s perspective was USD 22.50 per episode. Conclusion: AEXA and total days stay in the hospital were directly proportional to the total direct costs.
{"title":"The Burden of Illness of Acute Exacerbation of Asthma","authors":"M. Iqbal","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3612","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the direct cost of acute exacerbation of asthma (AEXA) among asthmatic patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 111 asthma patients who were admitted to a public hospital with AEXA included in this study. The costs, including investigation charge, unit costs of treatment per bed, medication charge, food costs, transportation costs, and loss of productivity per asthma episode, were calculated. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ver.23.0. Results: A median medical cost of AEXA under the government perspective was USD 105.00 per episode. Medication cost comprised the majority (52.38%) of the total medical costs and lab investigations. A median medical cost of AEXA under the patient’s perspective was USD 22.50 per episode. Conclusion: AEXA and total days stay in the hospital were directly proportional to the total direct costs.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42549921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: Subinhibitory concentration of antibiotics at periodontal sites may increase the microbial resistance development; hence, this study was carried out to support the hypothesis that antimicrobial as well as anti-inflammatory action of caffeine and its locally deliver nanoparticles, which can deeply penetrate into the periodontal sites might potentiate and synergize the antibacterial effect of systematically used antibiotics for the treatment of periodontitis. Materials and Methods: In this study, the caffeine-loaded low-molecular-weight chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation methodology. Ex vivo antimicrobial activity of prepared nanoparticles was carried out by periodontitis patient’s stimulated saliva sample. Result: Our finding showed that caffeine nanoparticles in combination with amoxicillin affect the growth of periodontitis microorganisms. Periodontitis microorganism grew on a nutrient agar medium in Petri plates. Agar cups were filled in combination of different concentrations of amoxicillin with or without fixed caffeine concentration containing nanoparticles. High amoxicillin concentration (0.5 μg/ml) with 1 mg of caffeine-containing nanoparticles showed maximum zone of inhibition (1.81 ± 0.24 cm). On the other hand, low amoxicillin concentration (0.3 μg/ml) with 1 mg of caffeine-containing nanoparticles demonstrated significant potentiating inhibitory zone (1.54 ± 0.15 cm) as compare to high amoxicillin concentration (0.5 μg/ml) alone (1.50 ± 0.21 cm). Conclusions: It was shown that caffeine nanoparticles potentiate antibacterial effect of amoxicillin.
{"title":"Potentiating Antibacterial Effect of Locally Deliver Caffeine Nanoparticles on Systemically Used Antibiotics in Periodontal Treatments","authors":"R. Parmar","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3618","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Subinhibitory concentration of antibiotics at periodontal sites may increase the microbial resistance development; hence, this study was carried out to support the hypothesis that antimicrobial as well as anti-inflammatory action of caffeine and its locally deliver nanoparticles, which can deeply penetrate into the periodontal sites might potentiate and synergize the antibacterial effect of systematically used antibiotics for the treatment of periodontitis. Materials and Methods: In this study, the caffeine-loaded low-molecular-weight chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation methodology. Ex vivo antimicrobial activity of prepared nanoparticles was carried out by periodontitis patient’s stimulated saliva sample. Result: Our finding showed that caffeine nanoparticles in combination with amoxicillin affect the growth of periodontitis microorganisms. Periodontitis microorganism grew on a nutrient agar medium in Petri plates. Agar cups were filled in combination of different concentrations of amoxicillin with or without fixed caffeine concentration containing nanoparticles. High amoxicillin concentration (0.5 μg/ml) with 1 mg of caffeine-containing nanoparticles showed maximum zone of inhibition (1.81 ± 0.24 cm). On the other hand, low amoxicillin concentration (0.3 μg/ml) with 1 mg of caffeine-containing nanoparticles demonstrated significant potentiating inhibitory zone (1.54 ± 0.15 cm) as compare to high amoxicillin concentration (0.5 μg/ml) alone (1.50 ± 0.21 cm). Conclusions: It was shown that caffeine nanoparticles potentiate antibacterial effect of amoxicillin.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42953484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The present research is aimed to develop and evaluate sonidegib loaded poly(ethyl methacrylate) nanoparticles (PEM-NPs) to improve its resistance toward pH and chemical conditions in exposed cancerous lesions. Materials and Methods: The polymer PEM is prepared from ethyl methacrylate (monomer) followed by designing 17 formulations of sonidegib loaded PEM-NPs using 3-factor, 3-level Box–Behnken design, and the results analyzed using Stat-Ease Design Expert® software V8.0.1. Three optimal batches (F1, F2, and F3) with comparable values of observed and predicted values are characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency, and percentage drug loading. The formulation (F3) with minimum particle size and maximum percentage conversion is further subjected to powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies, drug release, and stability study. Results and Discussion: The particle size of sonidegib PEM-NPs (F1, F2, and F3) ranges between 191.5 ± 42.9 nm to 355 ± 39.7 nm and PDI 0.454 to 0.626. The ZPs are within the acceptable limits of −22.9 ± 2.48 mV–−24.7 ± 1.89 mV. The entrapment efficiency of the NPs ranges between 68.46 ± 0.37% and 70.24 ± 0.18% and percent drug loading between 20.62 ± 2.12% and 21.24 ± 1.72. The in vitro release study indicated an improvement in drug release of formulation F3 (95.878%) in comparison with the pure drug (2.86%). The optimized formulation F3 characterized for FTIR, PXRD, and SEM studies indicated molecular state dispersion of the drug with the polymers. The stability studies conducted for 90 days indicated that the developed formulation is stable. Conclusion: Sonidegib loaded PEM-NPs prepared using 3-factor, 3-level Box–Behnken design with increased solubility and stability.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Sonidegib Loaded Poly (Ethyl Methacrylate) Nanoparticles for Effective Treatment of Cancer","authors":"A. P. Reddy","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3622","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present research is aimed to develop and evaluate sonidegib loaded poly(ethyl methacrylate) nanoparticles (PEM-NPs) to improve its resistance toward pH and chemical conditions in exposed cancerous lesions. Materials and Methods: The polymer PEM is prepared from ethyl methacrylate (monomer) followed by designing 17 formulations of sonidegib loaded PEM-NPs using 3-factor, 3-level Box–Behnken design, and the results analyzed using Stat-Ease Design Expert® software V8.0.1. Three optimal batches (F1, F2, and F3) with comparable values of observed and predicted values are characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency, and percentage drug loading. The formulation (F3) with minimum particle size and maximum percentage conversion is further subjected to powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies, drug release, and stability study. Results and Discussion: The particle size of sonidegib PEM-NPs (F1, F2, and F3) ranges between 191.5 ± 42.9 nm to 355 ± 39.7 nm and PDI 0.454 to 0.626. The ZPs are within the acceptable limits of −22.9 ± 2.48 mV–−24.7 ± 1.89 mV. The entrapment efficiency of the NPs ranges between 68.46 ± 0.37% and 70.24 ± 0.18% and percent drug loading between 20.62 ± 2.12% and 21.24 ± 1.72. The in vitro release study indicated an improvement in drug release of formulation F3 (95.878%) in comparison with the pure drug (2.86%). The optimized formulation F3 characterized for FTIR, PXRD, and SEM studies indicated molecular state dispersion of the drug with the polymers. The stability studies conducted for 90 days indicated that the developed formulation is stable. Conclusion: Sonidegib loaded PEM-NPs prepared using 3-factor, 3-level Box–Behnken design with increased solubility and stability.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45712460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parthenium plant, in general, is known to be harmful, dangerous, and invasive in nature. It causes much economic loss to farmers by affecting the cultivation of crops and considered to be a threat to primary production of crops and biodiversity as well. Parthenium hysterophorus a weed belonging to the family Asteraceae, it is an erect short-lived plant and is known for its fleshy growth along sides of abandoned places, roadsides, and uncultivated lands. This weed is found in hot and humid climates around the globe. This invasive species is known with different names in different countries such as carrot weed, star weed, congress grass, wild feverfew, ragweed, bitter weed, and white top. The spread of P. hysterophorus has been found to cause enormous loss to biodiversity by replacing natural ecosystems and sometimes known to cause total habit alternation. In this review article, we discuss P. hysterophorus as a weed, its origin, reproductive bionomics, chemical composition, and its pharmaceutical potential as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, anti-HIV, and antitumor activity in detail.
{"title":"A Review on Pharmaceutical Potential of Parthenium Plant","authors":"L. Ravi","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3608","url":null,"abstract":"Parthenium plant, in general, is known to be harmful, dangerous, and invasive in nature. It causes much economic loss to farmers by affecting the cultivation of crops and considered to be a threat to primary production of crops and biodiversity as well. Parthenium hysterophorus a weed belonging to the family Asteraceae, it is an erect short-lived plant and is known for its fleshy growth along sides of abandoned places, roadsides, and uncultivated lands. This weed is found in hot and humid climates around the globe. This invasive species is known with different names in different countries such as carrot weed, star weed, congress grass, wild feverfew, ragweed, bitter weed, and white top. The spread of P. hysterophorus has been found to cause enormous loss to biodiversity by replacing natural ecosystems and sometimes known to cause total habit alternation. In this review article, we discuss P. hysterophorus as a weed, its origin, reproductive bionomics, chemical composition, and its pharmaceutical potential as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, anti-HIV, and antitumor activity in detail.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44227975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Chitinase production from freshwater lake sediment-derived bacteria by submerged fermentation and media optimization. Methodology: Isolation of bacteria from freshwater lake sediment by serial dilution followed by spread plate technique on colloidal chitin agar (CCA). The potential bacterial isolates were detected by qualitative cup plate assay and were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Optimization of the chitinase production was done by varying different physicochemical factors one at a time keeping the other factors constant. Results: Two isolates were selected for chitinase production based on the zone of clearance on CCA and were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis strain LS1 (MG948147) and Bacillus cereus strain LS2 (MG948148) based on 16S rRNA sequencing. The enhanced production of chitinase by B. thuringiensis strain LS1 was observed in minimal medium amended with 1% colloidal chitin, glucose as a carbon source, and malt extract as a nitrogen source, in pH 7.0, at 35°C in 72 h of incubation. The optimal condition for chitinase production by B. cereus strain LS2 was minimal medium amended with 1% colloidal chitin, sucrose as carbon source, and yeast extract as nitrogen source with pH 7.0 at 35°C in 96 h of incubation. Conclusion: Lake sediment bacterial community was screened for chitinase production and the potential strains were identified and its 16S rRNA sequences were submitted in GENE BANK.
{"title":"Optimization of Chitinase Production from Lake Sediment Inhabitant Bacillus thuringiensis Strain LS1 and Bacillus cereus Strain LS2","authors":"S. Sudha","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3611","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Chitinase production from freshwater lake sediment-derived bacteria by submerged fermentation and media optimization. Methodology: Isolation of bacteria from freshwater lake sediment by serial dilution followed by spread plate technique on colloidal chitin agar (CCA). The potential bacterial isolates were detected by qualitative cup plate assay and were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Optimization of the chitinase production was done by varying different physicochemical factors one at a time keeping the other factors constant. Results: Two isolates were selected for chitinase production based on the zone of clearance on CCA and were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis strain LS1 (MG948147) and Bacillus cereus strain LS2 (MG948148) based on 16S rRNA sequencing. The enhanced production of chitinase by B. thuringiensis strain LS1 was observed in minimal medium amended with 1% colloidal chitin, glucose as a carbon source, and malt extract as a nitrogen source, in pH 7.0, at 35°C in 72 h of incubation. The optimal condition for chitinase production by B. cereus strain LS2 was minimal medium amended with 1% colloidal chitin, sucrose as carbon source, and yeast extract as nitrogen source with pH 7.0 at 35°C in 96 h of incubation. Conclusion: Lake sediment bacterial community was screened for chitinase production and the potential strains were identified and its 16S rRNA sequences were submitted in GENE BANK.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43773013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory chronic disease primarily affecting the colonic mucosa; the extent and severity of colon involvement are variable. In its most limited form, it may be restricted to the distal rectum, while in its most extended form, the entire colon is involved. UC is identified by mucus diarrhea, tenesmus, bowel distension, and anemia. 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs, steroids, and immunosuppressant are used for therapy of UC. The annual occurrence of disease in Asia, America, and Europe was estimated to be 6.3, 19.2, and 24.3/100,000 people years. The main challenges in the management of the disease are drug-related side effects and local targeting. To overcome these challenges, probiotics overcome drug-related adverse side effects and local targeting. On ingestion, the probiotics can result in health beneficial effects. Probiotics are mainly used as gut modulators but are also nowadays explored for their use in UC.
{"title":"Probiotics and Herbals as a Boom in Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis","authors":"Sankha Bhattacharya","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3627","url":null,"abstract":"Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory chronic disease primarily affecting the colonic mucosa; the extent and severity of colon involvement are variable. In its most limited form, it may be restricted to the distal rectum, while in its most extended form, the entire colon is involved. UC is identified by mucus diarrhea, tenesmus, bowel distension, and anemia. 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs, steroids, and immunosuppressant are used for therapy of UC. The annual occurrence of disease in Asia, America, and Europe was estimated to be 6.3, 19.2, and 24.3/100,000 people years. The main challenges in the management of the disease are drug-related side effects and local targeting. To overcome these challenges, probiotics overcome drug-related adverse side effects and local targeting. On ingestion, the probiotics can result in health beneficial effects. Probiotics are mainly used as gut modulators but are also nowadays explored for their use in UC.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45675734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Increased blood pressure (BP) is one of the most significant epidemiological, medical, social, and economic consequences of problems. The results of many studies indicate that in one-third of people in Ukraine, the level of BP exceeds 140/90 mm Hg, it is increased. There is a contradiction between the need to adhere to the current level of therapy, which involves the use of new, as a rule, expensive techniques and drugs, and the constant lack of funding for health care. Materials and Methods: Methods of statistical description, systematic, sociological, economic, and statistical analysis, including variational statistics, correspondence questionnaires, and expert assessments, were used in the research process. The study included 1568 patients diagnosed with hypertension. As a result of the pharmacoepidemiological analysis, it was shown that the most often antihypertensive monotherapy is performed for younger patients with initial lower BP values. Results: A more detailed analysis of the antihypertensive activity of drugs belonging to the main pharmacological groups was performed with arterial hypertension monotherapy. Therefore, it is important to analyze the therapeutic efficacy of antihypertensive drugs from different clinical and pharmacological groups, safety, and their impact on the wellbeing of patients. Discussion and Conclusion: Analysis of the structure of prescriptions revealed the dominant positions of Agriculture Commercialization Equity Fund drugs, and, above all, drugs enalapril, among patients with hypertension in all study groups, regardless of age and gender, as well as regimens of antihypertensive therapy. A retrospective study of the antihypertensive effect of drugs from different clinical and therapeutic groups revealed no significant differences, but significant differences were noted when comparing the original drugs with their reproduced analogs (generics)
{"title":"Comparison of the Expression of Antihypertensive Action of Preparation of Different Clinical and Pharmacological Groups","authors":"V. Ivanna","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v14i2.3624","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Increased blood pressure (BP) is one of the most significant epidemiological, medical, social, and economic consequences of problems. The results of many studies indicate that in one-third of people in Ukraine, the level of BP exceeds 140/90 mm Hg, it is increased. There is a contradiction between the need to adhere to the current level of therapy, which involves the use of new, as a rule, expensive techniques and drugs, and the constant lack of funding for health care. Materials and Methods: Methods of statistical description, systematic, sociological, economic, and statistical analysis, including variational statistics, correspondence questionnaires, and expert assessments, were used in the research process. The study included 1568 patients diagnosed with hypertension. As a result of the pharmacoepidemiological analysis, it was shown that the most often antihypertensive monotherapy is performed for younger patients with initial lower BP values. Results: A more detailed analysis of the antihypertensive activity of drugs belonging to the main pharmacological groups was performed with arterial hypertension monotherapy. Therefore, it is important to analyze the therapeutic efficacy of antihypertensive drugs from different clinical and pharmacological groups, safety, and their impact on the wellbeing of patients. Discussion and Conclusion: Analysis of the structure of prescriptions revealed the dominant positions of Agriculture Commercialization Equity Fund drugs, and, above all, drugs enalapril, among patients with hypertension in all study groups, regardless of age and gender, as well as regimens of antihypertensive therapy. A retrospective study of the antihypertensive effect of drugs from different clinical and therapeutic groups revealed no significant differences, but significant differences were noted when comparing the original drugs with their reproduced analogs (generics)","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68328201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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