{"title":"A Design of Experiment-based Approach for the Formulation Development and Evaluation of Repaglinide Transdermal Patch Using Natural Polymers","authors":"R. Chauhan","doi":"10.22377/ajpmds","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajpmds","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47010361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The objectives of present study were to evaluate the properties of a behavior modification of people in India associated with coronavirus outbreak. The behavior modification is measure of coronavirus related psychopathology, which was validated through a large sample study on adults who reported significant change in behavior due to watching and reading about coronavirus pandemic. Methods: Door to door and online survey conducted in Morena and Gwalior District, Madhya Pradesh, India, for collection of data of 1050 adults’. The partakers were contacted individually, through online and complete information were taken out through a questionnaire of different parameters. Because the study focused on the effect of thinking and/or watching about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on physical activity of body, behavior, mental stress, anxiety, faith in God, and appetite. Results: A total of 16 symptoms of behavior modification due to coronavirus outbreak were statistically defined through a principal component analysis with Varimax rotation. The results were confirmed by a two-component structure and the total variance explained 55.23% for first component accounting. The six prime loadings on the first component were selected for the behavior changes because these loadings well exceeded the criteria for psychometrically prime items. Especially, communalities extraction coefficients (CEC) ranged from 0.717 to 0.853, coefficients of structure/pattern ranged from 0.71 to 0.90, and cross-loadings ranged from 0.17 to 0.22. These symptoms were used for the determination of different parameters such as decreased physical activity, psychological disturbances, mental stress, anxiety, faith in God, and appetite before arising COVID-19 infection and were highly reliable (α = 0.83) as a cluster. Conclusion: For the coronavirus outbreak, models will be required for control the negative behavior modification of peoples so that they can use their skill for positive outcomes. The clear cut updated policy of should be implemented to reduce these types of modifications. The prime symptoms of behavior modification were validated and stabilized through statistical tools such as CEC, coefficients of structure/pattern, and analysis of variance. Hence, we can say that if opinions of some experts are correct, then world’s most of population need special care to avoid behavior modification due to coronavirus outbreak.
{"title":"Modification of Human Behavior due to Coronavirus Outbreak: A Brief Study on Current Scenario","authors":"Pankaj Sharma","doi":"10.22377/AJP.V15I3.4156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/AJP.V15I3.4156","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The objectives of present study were to evaluate the properties of a behavior modification of people in India associated with coronavirus outbreak. The behavior modification is measure of coronavirus related psychopathology, which was validated through a large sample study on adults who reported significant change in behavior due to watching and reading about coronavirus pandemic. Methods: Door to door and online survey conducted in Morena and Gwalior District, Madhya Pradesh, India, for collection of data of 1050 adults’. The partakers were contacted individually, through online and complete information were taken out through a questionnaire of different parameters. Because the study focused on the effect of thinking and/or watching about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on physical activity of body, behavior, mental stress, anxiety, faith in God, and appetite. Results: A total of 16 symptoms of behavior modification due to coronavirus outbreak were statistically defined through a principal component analysis with Varimax rotation. The results were confirmed by a two-component structure and the total variance explained 55.23% for first component accounting. The six prime loadings on the first component were selected for the behavior changes because these loadings well exceeded the criteria for psychometrically prime items. Especially, communalities extraction coefficients (CEC) ranged from 0.717 to 0.853, coefficients of structure/pattern ranged from 0.71 to 0.90, and cross-loadings ranged from 0.17 to 0.22. These symptoms were used for the determination of different parameters such as decreased physical activity, psychological disturbances, mental stress, anxiety, faith in God, and appetite before arising COVID-19 infection and were highly reliable (α = 0.83) as a cluster. Conclusion: For the coronavirus outbreak, models will be required for control the negative behavior modification of peoples so that they can use their skill for positive outcomes. The clear cut updated policy of should be implemented to reduce these types of modifications. The prime symptoms of behavior modification were validated and stabilized through statistical tools such as CEC, coefficients of structure/pattern, and analysis of variance. Hence, we can say that if opinions of some experts are correct, then world’s most of population need special care to avoid behavior modification due to coronavirus outbreak.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68328934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The objective of this work is to develop rapid, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the quantitative estimation of empagliflozin. Sample and standard solutions were prepared using methanol. Methodology: The chromatographic separation was achieved with X Bridge C18 column (75 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μ) using a mobile phase composition of acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium bicarbonate (70:30 V/V) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min with a run time of 2.40 min. The method showed good linearity in the range of 2–1000 ng/mL with correlation coefficient (r) of >0.9998. Results: The % CV of peak area ratio (analyte area/ISTD area) and % CV of retention times for analyte and ISTD were within the acceptance criteria. There was no significant carry over observed during this experiment. All the investigated human plasma lots were found to be free of significant interferences at the retention time of drug and ISTD. The intra- and inter-day precision values for empagliflozin comply with the acceptance criteria. The battery of stability studies, namely, bench-top, freeze-thaw, and long-term stability was performed. All the stability studies showing the % C.V. of area responses for the replicate injections should be within 15%. Conclusion: The developed method was very simple, precise, reliable, sensitive, and robustness. The retention time takes less time consumption and high sensitivity, the method applicable for routine analysis and bioanalysis.
{"title":"Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation of Empagliflozin by LC–MS/MS Method and Quantitative Estimation of Drug Concentration in Human Plasma","authors":"Ramesh Dhani","doi":"10.22377/AJP.V15I2.4103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/AJP.V15I2.4103","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this work is to develop rapid, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the quantitative estimation of empagliflozin. Sample and standard solutions were prepared using methanol. Methodology: The chromatographic separation was achieved with X Bridge C18 column (75 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μ) using a mobile phase composition of acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium bicarbonate (70:30 V/V) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min with a run time of 2.40 min. The method showed good linearity in the range of 2–1000 ng/mL with correlation coefficient (r) of >0.9998. Results: The % CV of peak area ratio (analyte area/ISTD area) and % CV of retention times for analyte and ISTD were within the acceptance criteria. There was no significant carry over observed during this experiment. All the investigated human plasma lots were found to be free of significant interferences at the retention time of drug and ISTD. The intra- and inter-day precision values for empagliflozin comply with the acceptance criteria. The battery of stability studies, namely, bench-top, freeze-thaw, and long-term stability was performed. All the stability studies showing the % C.V. of area responses for the replicate injections should be within 15%. Conclusion: The developed method was very simple, precise, reliable, sensitive, and robustness. The retention time takes less time consumption and high sensitivity, the method applicable for routine analysis and bioanalysis.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48173163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Heart disease is very common cause of deaths in the world. Hypertension is the most prevalent form of heart disease. Losartan has wonderful clinical effectiveness in the treatment of essential hypertension and congestive heart failure. Single dose of losartan can maintain the lowering of blood pressure up to 6–8 h. Hence, repetitive medication is required in a day to maintain the blood pressure. Hence, the aim of this work is to formulation and evaluate of sustained release (SR) bilayer tablet of losartan potassium in which the immediate release layer will release the drug within 10 min and SR layer will maintain uniform drug levels over a sustained period of time. Materials and Methods: This research work is performed for the partial fulfillment of the degree of master of pharmacy. The tablets were evaluated to thickness, hardness, diameter, weight variation, drug content uniformity, friability, and in vitro drug release studies. In vitro drug release studies were performed using USP type II apparatus (paddle method) at 50 rpm in 900 ml of 0.1N HCl as dissolution medium for first 2 h and later replacing it with 900 ml pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution for the remaining time period at 37±0.5°C. Results: The results of Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that there was no physical and chemical interaction between drug and other excipients. The stability studies of optimized formulation ME5 at 400C/75%RH for 3 months did not show any variation in the tasted parameter and release.
导读:心脏病是世界上非常常见的死亡原因。高血压是最常见的心脏病。氯沙坦治疗原发性高血压和充血性心力衰竭具有良好的临床疗效。单剂量氯沙坦可使血压降低维持6-8小时，因此需要在一天内重复用药以维持血压。因此，本研究的目的是研制氯沙坦钾缓释片，该缓释片的速释层在10 min内释放药物，速释层在一段时间内保持均匀的药物水平。材料和方法:本研究工作是为部分完成药学硕士学位而进行的。对其进行厚度、硬度、直径、重量变化、含量均匀性、脆性和体外释药研究。体外药物释放研究使用USP II型仪器(桨式法)，在900 ml 0.1N HCl中以50 rpm的速度进行前2小时的溶出，然后用900 ml pH 6.8磷酸盐缓冲液替换，在37±0.5°C下进行剩余时间。结果:傅里叶变换红外和差示扫描量热分析结果表明，药物与其他赋形剂无物理化学相互作用。优化后的ME5在400C/75%RH条件下3个月的稳定性研究表明，其口感参数和释放度没有变化。
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Bilayer Tablets of Losartan Potassium","authors":"T. Sandhya","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v15i2.4104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v15i2.4104","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Heart disease is very common cause of deaths in the world. Hypertension is the most prevalent form of heart disease. Losartan has wonderful clinical effectiveness in the treatment of essential hypertension and congestive heart failure. Single dose of losartan can maintain the lowering of blood pressure up to 6–8 h. Hence, repetitive medication is required in a day to maintain the blood pressure. Hence, the aim of this work is to formulation and evaluate of sustained release (SR) bilayer tablet of losartan potassium in which the immediate release layer will release the drug within 10 min and SR layer will maintain uniform drug levels over a sustained period of time. Materials and Methods: This research work is performed for the partial fulfillment of the degree of master of pharmacy. The tablets were evaluated to thickness, hardness, diameter, weight variation, drug content uniformity, friability, and in vitro drug release studies. In vitro drug release studies were performed using USP type II apparatus (paddle method) at 50 rpm in 900 ml of 0.1N HCl as dissolution medium for first 2 h and later replacing it with 900 ml pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution for the remaining time period at 37±0.5°C. Results: The results of Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that there was no physical and chemical interaction between drug and other excipients. The stability studies of optimized formulation ME5 at 400C/75%RH for 3 months did not show any variation in the tasted parameter and release.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45097238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Thermal fractionation is an effective technique similar to chromatographic separation. Clarified butter (CB) is a mixture of fatty acid which shown different physiochemical properties if fractionated by various means. The present investigation was a study of the suitability of 30°C and 50°C thermal fractions of CB in various ratios for improvement of absorption of poorly aqueous soluble drug rosuvastatin (RSC). This work also tries to address the difficulty in in vitro dissolution data correlation with in vivo absorption characteristics in a practical situation. Aim: The author aims to get the best combination of 30°C and 50°C fractions which give desirable drug release with effective permeation. Materials and Methods: The 32 factorial design approach was used to formulate rosuvastatin CB complex using thermal fractions in various ratios. Drug CB complex was evaluated in various parameters such as contact angle, partition coefficient, saturation solubility, dissolution, and permeation characteristics. The change in physical and chemical properties of drug complex prepared with various ratios of the thermal fraction was also studied by X-ray diffraction and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. Results and Discussion: The weight ratio of thermal fraction of CB (TFCB) fractionated at 30°C and TFCB fractionated at 50°C in 1:1.5 w/w in formulation RAE-B2 was found suitable to improve the absorption characteristics of rosuvastatin. The ex vivo permeation studies showed 90.68% permeation of rosuvastatin from RAE-B2 formulation which was found to higher than other formulation as well as pure rosuvastatin. Conclusion: The result suggested that the drug complex prepared using 30°C and 50°C fractions at 1:1.5 shown optimum drug release with desired permeation.
{"title":"Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability of Rosuvastatin Using Combinational Approach of Thermal Fraction of Clarified Butter","authors":"K. Sarwa","doi":"10.22377/AJP.V15I2.4094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/AJP.V15I2.4094","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thermal fractionation is an effective technique similar to chromatographic separation. Clarified butter (CB) is a mixture of fatty acid which shown different physiochemical properties if fractionated by various means. The present investigation was a study of the suitability of 30°C and 50°C thermal fractions of CB in various ratios for improvement of absorption of poorly aqueous soluble drug rosuvastatin (RSC). This work also tries to address the difficulty in in vitro dissolution data correlation with in vivo absorption characteristics in a practical situation. Aim: The author aims to get the best combination of 30°C and 50°C fractions which give desirable drug release with effective permeation. Materials and Methods: The 32 factorial design approach was used to formulate rosuvastatin CB complex using thermal fractions in various ratios. Drug CB complex was evaluated in various parameters such as contact angle, partition coefficient, saturation solubility, dissolution, and permeation characteristics. The change in physical and chemical properties of drug complex prepared with various ratios of the thermal fraction was also studied by X-ray diffraction and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. Results and Discussion: The weight ratio of thermal fraction of CB (TFCB) fractionated at 30°C and TFCB fractionated at 50°C in 1:1.5 w/w in formulation RAE-B2 was found suitable to improve the absorption characteristics of rosuvastatin. The ex vivo permeation studies showed 90.68% permeation of rosuvastatin from RAE-B2 formulation which was found to higher than other formulation as well as pure rosuvastatin. Conclusion: The result suggested that the drug complex prepared using 30°C and 50°C fractions at 1:1.5 shown optimum drug release with desired permeation.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43703489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The goal of this study is to create and test antidiabetic polyherbal tablets made from several extracts of the chosen plant. Plants are usually a good source of medication. In reality, many currently accessible medications were produced from plants, either directly or indirectly. The anti-diabetic activity of a solid pharmaceutical dosage formulation containing a unique dry plant extract and several excipients such as starch, microcrystalline cellulose, and talc was reported to be statistically significant. Materials and Methods: The evaluation of prepared tablets is also discussed in this letter (weight variation, friability, hardness, and disintegration time). Results and Discussion: All of the values were within acceptable limits, according to the results of the preformulation experiments. The formulation has a fair amount of hardness (3.250.57), which aids in its rapid disintegration. The formulation’s friability (0.290.03) revealed that the tablets were mechanically stable. Because the average weight of the tablets was 340 mg, a weight variation of 7% is permissible. Conclusion: As a result, the weight variation test was passed on the full formed tablet. The mixtures took more than a minute to disintegrate finally, it may be concluded that the formed tablet requires additional research to properly understand the underlying mechanism of action, as well as long-term toxicity tests.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Antidiabetic Polyherbal Tablets","authors":"Sushilkumar A. Shinde","doi":"10.22377/AJP.V15I2.4095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/AJP.V15I2.4095","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The goal of this study is to create and test antidiabetic polyherbal tablets made from several extracts of the chosen plant. Plants are usually a good source of medication. In reality, many currently accessible medications were produced from plants, either directly or indirectly. The anti-diabetic activity of a solid pharmaceutical dosage formulation containing a unique dry plant extract and several excipients such as starch, microcrystalline cellulose, and talc was reported to be statistically significant. Materials and Methods: The evaluation of prepared tablets is also discussed in this letter (weight variation, friability, hardness, and disintegration time). Results and Discussion: All of the values were within acceptable limits, according to the results of the preformulation experiments. The formulation has a fair amount of hardness (3.250.57), which aids in its rapid disintegration. The formulation’s friability (0.290.03) revealed that the tablets were mechanically stable. Because the average weight of the tablets was 340 mg, a weight variation of 7% is permissible. Conclusion: As a result, the weight variation test was passed on the full formed tablet. The mixtures took more than a minute to disintegrate finally, it may be concluded that the formed tablet requires additional research to properly understand the underlying mechanism of action, as well as long-term toxicity tests.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42352019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential synergistic effect of natural and thermally modified starch blends from maize and potato. Materials and Methods: The maize and potato starches were combined in proportions of 1:1 (NSB1) and 1:2 (NSB2) and thermally treated (pregelatinization and retrogradation). For their application as excipients, these thermally treated starch blends were compared to natural starch blends for physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, water holding capacity, swelling and solubility, and amylose concentration. Results and Discussion: The amylose content of the heat-treated gums increased, indicating that it could be used in colon medication administration. The increase in water holding capacity from 218.13 ± 0.13% to 732.27 ± 0.34% demonstrates its promise in hydrogel creation. The moisture percentage of all the blends was in the range of 10.10 ± 0.03%–15.42 ± 0.03%, which were well within the range specified in Indian Pharmacopoeia. All of the samples’ pH levels were determined to be mildly basic (7.15–7.46). Conclusion: The potato and maize modified starch blends demonstrated a promising synergistic impact compared to native blends as an adjuvant in the formulation of various drug delivery systems.
{"title":"Studies on Synergistic Effects of Thermal Treatment on Physicochemical Properties of Starch Blends","authors":"K. J. Kumar","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v15i2.4093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v15i2.4093","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential synergistic effect of natural and thermally modified starch blends from maize and potato. Materials and Methods: The maize and potato starches were combined in proportions of 1:1 (NSB1) and 1:2 (NSB2) and thermally treated (pregelatinization and retrogradation). For their application as excipients, these thermally treated starch blends were compared to natural starch blends for physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, water holding capacity, swelling and solubility, and amylose concentration. Results and Discussion: The amylose content of the heat-treated gums increased, indicating that it could be used in colon medication administration. The increase in water holding capacity from 218.13 ± 0.13% to 732.27 ± 0.34% demonstrates its promise in hydrogel creation. The moisture percentage of all the blends was in the range of 10.10 ± 0.03%–15.42 ± 0.03%, which were well within the range specified in Indian Pharmacopoeia. All of the samples’ pH levels were determined to be mildly basic (7.15–7.46). Conclusion: The potato and maize modified starch blends demonstrated a promising synergistic impact compared to native blends as an adjuvant in the formulation of various drug delivery systems.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72714046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The polyherbal formulation (PHF) containing different herbal extracts has been used to treat diabetic patients by Ayurvedic professionals in India. It has been well documented that the polyherbal plant extracts more productively diminish the elevated blood glucose level as compared with the single plant extract. Methodology: The PHF contains the concentrated extracts of Syzygium cumini, Annona squamosa, Momordica charantia, Tinospora cordifolia, Gymnema sylvestre, and Curcuma longa. The present study reports the impact of PHF alone and with metformin on various preclinical models of hyperglycemia. Results: PHF treatment with alone and in combination with metformin evoked a noteworthy antihyperglycemic impact on glucose loaded (P < 0.05), epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia (P < 0.05), and alloxan-induced diabetic rats (P < 0.05). PHF treatment also modifies glucose tolerance curve pattern both in normal and in diabetic rats. The treatment with polyherbal formulation was significantly improved architecture of β-islets of Langerhans as compared with the diabetic rats. The PHF significantly decreased (P < 0.05) triglyceride, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein as compared to diabetic control group. The dynamic phytoconstituents present in this PHF are flavonoids, phenolic compound, triterpene saponins like gymnemic acids, and gymnemasaponins advance the arrival of insulin and postpone the assimilation of glucose. Conclusion: PHF treatment in combination with metformin is found to be useful in the management of preclinically induced diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Polyherbal Formulation on Alloxan-induced Diabetes in Wistar Rats","authors":"V. Gawali","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v15i2.4076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v15i2.4076","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The polyherbal formulation (PHF) containing different herbal extracts has been used to treat diabetic patients by Ayurvedic professionals in India. It has been well documented that the polyherbal plant extracts more productively diminish the elevated blood glucose level as compared with the single plant extract. Methodology: The PHF contains the concentrated extracts of Syzygium cumini, Annona squamosa, Momordica charantia, Tinospora cordifolia, Gymnema sylvestre, and Curcuma longa. The present study reports the impact of PHF alone and with metformin on various preclinical models of hyperglycemia. Results: PHF treatment with alone and in combination with metformin evoked a noteworthy antihyperglycemic impact on glucose loaded (P < 0.05), epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia (P < 0.05), and alloxan-induced diabetic rats (P < 0.05). PHF treatment also modifies glucose tolerance curve pattern both in normal and in diabetic rats. The treatment with polyherbal formulation was significantly improved architecture of β-islets of Langerhans as compared with the diabetic rats. The PHF significantly decreased (P < 0.05) triglyceride, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein as compared to diabetic control group. The dynamic phytoconstituents present in this PHF are flavonoids, phenolic compound, triterpene saponins like gymnemic acids, and gymnemasaponins advance the arrival of insulin and postpone the assimilation of glucose. Conclusion: PHF treatment in combination with metformin is found to be useful in the management of preclinically induced diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89038069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Clomiphene citrate is a nonsteroidal ovulation inducer used in the treatment of infertility. This drug belongs to biopharmaceutical classification system Class-II often possesses challenges concerning solubility or poor dissolution, drug release, and thereby enhance the bioavailability. Aim: The aim of the study was to improve the solubility of the drug as well as to make the formulation more feasible liquisolid technique was adopted. Materials and Methods: Here, Avicel PH 102(Q) and Aerosil 200(q) in varying ratios ranging from 5, 10, 20, and 25 were employed as coating and carrier materials (R=Q/q), and their quantities incorporated into formulation were calculated based on the mathematical formulae developed by Spireas and final powder substrate developed was compressed into a tablet by direct compression method. Twelve formulations LS1 to LS12 were prepared and subjected to drug excipient interactions studies, pre-compression, and post-compression studies and compared with the marketed formulation. Results and Discussion: The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed no interaction between drug-excipients. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry analysis indicated that the clomiphene citrate is held within the powder substrate in a solubilized, almost molecularly dispersed state and in liquisolid as an amorphous powder with no signs of instability on storage. An optimized formulation was selected based on the in vitro, drug release studies. LS2 formulation containing Avicel PH 102(Q):Aerosil 200(q) a ratio of 10:1 and drug concentration 10% exhibited the controlled and complete/highest drug release rate of 96.46% in 30 min in comparison with the marketed product. Conclusion: Thus, we propose that liquisolid technique can be chosen as the most economical and alternative approach to enhance the solubility of clomiphene citrate.
{"title":"Preparation and Assessment of Clomiphene Citrate Liquisolid Tablets for Solubility Enhancement","authors":"P. Biju","doi":"10.22377/AJP.V15I2.4077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/AJP.V15I2.4077","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Clomiphene citrate is a nonsteroidal ovulation inducer used in the treatment of infertility. This drug belongs to biopharmaceutical classification system Class-II often possesses challenges concerning solubility or poor dissolution, drug release, and thereby enhance the bioavailability. Aim: The aim of the study was to improve the solubility of the drug as well as to make the formulation more feasible liquisolid technique was adopted. Materials and Methods: Here, Avicel PH 102(Q) and Aerosil 200(q) in varying ratios ranging from 5, 10, 20, and 25 were employed as coating and carrier materials (R=Q/q), and their quantities incorporated into formulation were calculated based on the mathematical formulae developed by Spireas and final powder substrate developed was compressed into a tablet by direct compression method. Twelve formulations LS1 to LS12 were prepared and subjected to drug excipient interactions studies, pre-compression, and post-compression studies and compared with the marketed formulation. Results and Discussion: The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed no interaction between drug-excipients. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry analysis indicated that the clomiphene citrate is held within the powder substrate in a solubilized, almost molecularly dispersed state and in liquisolid as an amorphous powder with no signs of instability on storage. An optimized formulation was selected based on the in vitro, drug release studies. LS2 formulation containing Avicel PH 102(Q):Aerosil 200(q) a ratio of 10:1 and drug concentration 10% exhibited the controlled and complete/highest drug release rate of 96.46% in 30 min in comparison with the marketed product. Conclusion: Thus, we propose that liquisolid technique can be chosen as the most economical and alternative approach to enhance the solubility of clomiphene citrate.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41761804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The present investigation intended to develop a lipid-based nanocarrier for topical delivery of acitretin an analog of Vitamin A used in the management of psoriasis by mixing suitable lipids and blends of surfactants and to assess stability parameters for various formulations as per regulatory guidelines. Methods: Nanostructured lipid carriers of acitretin were prepared by the hot homogenization method. Formulations were prepared by varying the concentrations of surfactants (Tween 80 and sodium lauryl sulfate). Prepared formulations were subjected to accelerated stability testing for 6 months the stability samples were evaluated for color, clarity, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, and zeta potential. Results: Higher stability was observed in the F3G formulation. Conclusion: Higher stability in F3G formulation might be attributed to the presence of surfactants in optimum concentration.
{"title":"Formulation and Assessment of Stability Parameters for Acitretin-Loaded NLC Gel","authors":"A. Kapoor","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v15i2.4060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v15i2.4060","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The present investigation intended to develop a lipid-based nanocarrier for topical delivery of acitretin an analog of Vitamin A used in the management of psoriasis by mixing suitable lipids and blends of surfactants and to assess stability parameters for various formulations as per regulatory guidelines. Methods: Nanostructured lipid carriers of acitretin were prepared by the hot homogenization method. Formulations were prepared by varying the concentrations of surfactants (Tween 80 and sodium lauryl sulfate). Prepared formulations were subjected to accelerated stability testing for 6 months the stability samples were evaluated for color, clarity, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, and zeta potential. Results: Higher stability was observed in the F3G formulation. Conclusion: Higher stability in F3G formulation might be attributed to the presence of surfactants in optimum concentration.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82369772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：