SUMMARY The focus of this study was on the association between family characteristics (e.g., family structure, family cohesion), race/ethnicity and their relationship to violent behaviors in adolescents. Family characteristics represent one piece of a larger ecological model that includes individual, peer, school, and neighborhood/community factors. The current study uses data from the National Study of Adolescent Health (Wave 1). Add Health was a longitudinal study of adolescents in grades 7 through 12. The survey gathered information about the respondent's health and health-related behaviors, emotional well being, and family and school environment. The variables of interest in this study are all self-reported measures of violent behavior: (1) being in a serious physical fight, (2) seriously injuring someone, (3) pulling a knife or gun on someone, and (4) shooting or stabbing someone. Differences between those who reported being involved in violent behaviors are related, at least in part, to family cohesion, family structure, gender, and race/ethnicity. Family cohesion served as a protective factor in all four models of violent behavior regardless of racial/ethnic group. Attention needs to be focused not only on the other domains involved in this ecological model (e.g., individual, family, peer, school, and neighborhood/community) but also on the possible interactive effects of variables both within and across these domains. Future interventions need to focus their efforts on the multiple dimensions of youth violence as well as give consideration to a multi-pronged approach in addressing the needs of youth at risk for violent behaviors.
{"title":"Adolescent Violent Behavior","authors":"T. Franke","doi":"10.1300/J285v08n01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J285v08n01_03","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY The focus of this study was on the association between family characteristics (e.g., family structure, family cohesion), race/ethnicity and their relationship to violent behaviors in adolescents. Family characteristics represent one piece of a larger ecological model that includes individual, peer, school, and neighborhood/community factors. The current study uses data from the National Study of Adolescent Health (Wave 1). Add Health was a longitudinal study of adolescents in grades 7 through 12. The survey gathered information about the respondent's health and health-related behaviors, emotional well being, and family and school environment. The variables of interest in this study are all self-reported measures of violent behavior: (1) being in a serious physical fight, (2) seriously injuring someone, (3) pulling a knife or gun on someone, and (4) shooting or stabbing someone. Differences between those who reported being involved in violent behaviors are related, at least in part, to family cohesion, family structure, gender, and race/ethnicity. Family cohesion served as a protective factor in all four models of violent behavior regardless of racial/ethnic group. Attention needs to be focused not only on the other domains involved in this ecological model (e.g., individual, family, peer, school, and neighborhood/community) but also on the possible interactive effects of variables both within and across these domains. Future interventions need to focus their efforts on the multiple dimensions of youth violence as well as give consideration to a multi-pronged approach in addressing the needs of youth at risk for violent behaviors.","PeriodicalId":85006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multicultural social work","volume":"8 1","pages":"47 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J285v08n01_03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66218841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY This paper reports the results of a comparative study of youth gangs in minority communities in Los Angeles and London, England. A combined qualitative-quantitative research design was used to obtain information on the experiences, attitudes and behaviors of Black youth who were involved with or influenced by gangs. Measures included two semi-structured interview schedules for focus groups and individual youth, respectively. Demographic data and statistics on social indicators were obtained for this population in both cities from government and social agency reports on rates of school drop-outs, youth unemployment, involvement in the juvenile/criminal justice system, and health/mental health utilization. The sample included a total of 144 African-American youth, ages 15-30, in 17 focus groups and 32 for individual interviews in Los Angeles, and a total of 86 Afro-Caribbean youth, ages 15-24, in ten focus groups and 66 for individual interviews in London. Results suggest that gangs provide minority youth with an alternative transitional structure for achieving social and economic mobility.
{"title":"Gangs as Alternative Transitional Structures","authors":"J. T. Gibbs","doi":"10.1300/J285v08n01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J285v08n01_04","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This paper reports the results of a comparative study of youth gangs in minority communities in Los Angeles and London, England. A combined qualitative-quantitative research design was used to obtain information on the experiences, attitudes and behaviors of Black youth who were involved with or influenced by gangs. Measures included two semi-structured interview schedules for focus groups and individual youth, respectively. Demographic data and statistics on social indicators were obtained for this population in both cities from government and social agency reports on rates of school drop-outs, youth unemployment, involvement in the juvenile/criminal justice system, and health/mental health utilization. The sample included a total of 144 African-American youth, ages 15-30, in 17 focus groups and 32 for individual interviews in Los Angeles, and a total of 86 Afro-Caribbean youth, ages 15-24, in ten focus groups and 66 for individual interviews in London. Results suggest that gangs provide minority youth with an alternative transitional structure for achieving social and economic mobility.","PeriodicalId":85006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multicultural social work","volume":"8 1","pages":"71 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J285v08n01_04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66219455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY A sample of 289 Chinese American and 138 White students from a university campus was recruited from social science courses to complete a survey on perceptions of and experiences with dating violence and gender role beliefs. White students were more likely to define dating violence as physical and sexual aggression compared to the Chinese American students. Although the majority of students from both ethnic groups did not agree that dating violence is justified under various circumstances, the Chinese American students were more likely to provide a contextual justification for the use of dating violence. Findings also indicated that 20% of Chinese American students and 31.3% of the White students have experienced some form of physical dating violence since they started dating. For both the Chinese American and White students, those who were more likely to agree that various acts of physical aggression are considered dating violence were less likely to perpetrate physical dating violence in the last 12 months. The sociocultural context of dating violence and implications for practice and research are discussed.
{"title":"Dating Violence Among Chinese American and White Students","authors":"Alice G. Yick, Pauline Agbayani-Siewert","doi":"10.1300/J285v08n01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J285v08n01_05","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY A sample of 289 Chinese American and 138 White students from a university campus was recruited from social science courses to complete a survey on perceptions of and experiences with dating violence and gender role beliefs. White students were more likely to define dating violence as physical and sexual aggression compared to the Chinese American students. Although the majority of students from both ethnic groups did not agree that dating violence is justified under various circumstances, the Chinese American students were more likely to provide a contextual justification for the use of dating violence. Findings also indicated that 20% of Chinese American students and 31.3% of the White students have experienced some form of physical dating violence since they started dating. For both the Chinese American and White students, those who were more likely to agree that various acts of physical aggression are considered dating violence were less likely to perpetrate physical dating violence in the last 12 months. The sociocultural context of dating violence and implications for practice and research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":85006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multicultural social work","volume":"8 1","pages":"101 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J285v08n01_05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66219069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY This cross-sectional survey study examined the relationship between exposure to war traumas and community violence and academic, behavioral, and psychological well-being among Khmer refugee adolescents. The 144 adolescents studied were exposed to high rates of violence. One third had symptoms indicative of PTSD and two thirds had symptoms indicative of clinical depression. The number of violent events they were exposed to significantly predicted their level of PTSD, personal risk behaviors, and GPA, but not their level of depression or behavior problems reported at school. Perceived social support made a difference in the lives of these youth and predicted better outcomes. The implications for research and practice are discussed.
{"title":"War Traumas and Community Violence","authors":"S. Berthold","doi":"10.1300/J285v08n01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J285v08n01_02","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY This cross-sectional survey study examined the relationship between exposure to war traumas and community violence and academic, behavioral, and psychological well-being among Khmer refugee adolescents. The 144 adolescents studied were exposed to high rates of violence. One third had symptoms indicative of PTSD and two thirds had symptoms indicative of clinical depression. The number of violent events they were exposed to significantly predicted their level of PTSD, personal risk behaviors, and GPA, but not their level of depression or behavior problems reported at school. Perceived social support made a difference in the lives of these youth and predicted better outcomes. The implications for research and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":85006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multicultural social work","volume":"8 1","pages":"15 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J285v08n01_02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66218618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This article introduces a dual application of Drachman and Ryan's stage of migration framework by applying the framework to an analysis of experiences of 25 nursing home residents with a prior history of migration from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, and Puerto Rico. The stages of premigration and departure, transit, and resettlement are discussed in relation to research findings about the residents' earlier migration to the mainland United States and more recent move into a nursing home. Implications for social work practice with residents, families, and as members of interdisciplinary teams are addressed.
{"title":"A Stage of Migration Approach to Understanding Nursing Home Placement in Latino Families","authors":"P. Kolb","doi":"10.1300/J285V07N03_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J285V07N03_05","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article introduces a dual application of Drachman and Ryan's stage of migration framework by applying the framework to an analysis of experiences of 25 nursing home residents with a prior history of migration from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, and Puerto Rico. The stages of premigration and departure, transit, and resettlement are discussed in relation to research findings about the residents' earlier migration to the mainland United States and more recent move into a nursing home. Implications for social work practice with residents, families, and as members of interdisciplinary teams are addressed.","PeriodicalId":85006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multicultural social work","volume":"7 1","pages":"95-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J285V07N03_05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66218576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This study examines one particular form of coping, finding personal meaning in the context of HIV, used by Mexican (M) and Mexican American (MA) HIV-positive men. A total of forty M and MA males who have HIV or AIDS was utilized. Individual interviews were conducted and subsequently transcribed and analyzed through content analysis. The areas most often reported by the M and MA respondents as being sources of personal meaning were as follows: relationships with family members, relationships with lovers/spouses and friends, religious beliefs, helping others, and personal growth. Knowledge of such coping resources used by M and MA men with HIV can contribute to the development of ethnic-sensitive social work practices.
{"title":"Sources of Personal Meaning Among Mexican and Mexican American Men with HIV/AIDS","authors":"M. Galván","doi":"10.1300/J285V07N03_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J285V07N03_03","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines one particular form of coping, finding personal meaning in the context of HIV, used by Mexican (M) and Mexican American (MA) HIV-positive men. A total of forty M and MA males who have HIV or AIDS was utilized. Individual interviews were conducted and subsequently transcribed and analyzed through content analysis. The areas most often reported by the M and MA respondents as being sources of personal meaning were as follows: relationships with family members, relationships with lovers/spouses and friends, religious beliefs, helping others, and personal growth. Knowledge of such coping resources used by M and MA men with HIV can contribute to the development of ethnic-sensitive social work practices.","PeriodicalId":85006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multicultural social work","volume":"7 1","pages":"45-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J285V07N03_03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66218963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The Critical Incident Interview is a technique used to help social work students assess the client's ethnic and racial identity development. Students gain confidence exploring sensitive ethnic issues with clients from contrasting cultures when they focus systematically on specific events that made informants aware of being ethnically different. Using examples from student interviews, the author presents the steps involved in teaching the Critical Incident Interview which include guidelines for selecting and interviewing informants, analysis of critical incidents and the interview process, three scales used to help assess ethnoracial identity, the students' narrative report, and the use of classroom discussion to provide closure. A brief review of the students' favorable evaluation of the assignment is provided. The paper ends with suggestions for improvement and further uses of the technique in education and practice.
{"title":"The Critical Incident Interview and Ethnoracial Identity","authors":"F. Montalvo","doi":"10.1300/J285V07N03_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J285V07N03_02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Critical Incident Interview is a technique used to help social work students assess the client's ethnic and racial identity development. Students gain confidence exploring sensitive ethnic issues with clients from contrasting cultures when they focus systematically on specific events that made informants aware of being ethnically different. Using examples from student interviews, the author presents the steps involved in teaching the Critical Incident Interview which include guidelines for selecting and interviewing informants, analysis of critical incidents and the interview process, three scales used to help assess ethnoracial identity, the students' narrative report, and the use of classroom discussion to provide closure. A brief review of the students' favorable evaluation of the assignment is provided. The paper ends with suggestions for improvement and further uses of the technique in education and practice.","PeriodicalId":85006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multicultural social work","volume":"7 1","pages":"19-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J285V07N03_02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66218896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This paper highlights the findings in relation to health need, ethnicity, and health service use among a sample of women in prison. Medical records review for 129 women and interviews with 15 women were conducted to determine factors associated with differential service use. Statistical analyses reveal that ethnicity and an interaction between ethnicity and whether one is on medication at prison admission (a health need variable) significantly predict extent of service use. Women of color use fewer services overall, with the exception of those on medication. Qualitative analyses reveal that women of color view the quality of medical care and the ways they are treated less positively than White women. Implications for equitable service provision are explored.
{"title":"Ethnicity and Health Service Use in a Women's Prison","authors":"D. Young","doi":"10.1300/J285V07N03_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J285V07N03_04","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper highlights the findings in relation to health need, ethnicity, and health service use among a sample of women in prison. Medical records review for 129 women and interviews with 15 women were conducted to determine factors associated with differential service use. Statistical analyses reveal that ethnicity and an interaction between ethnicity and whether one is on medication at prison admission (a health need variable) significantly predict extent of service use. Women of color use fewer services overall, with the exception of those on medication. Qualitative analyses reveal that women of color view the quality of medical care and the ways they are treated less positively than White women. Implications for equitable service provision are explored.","PeriodicalId":85006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multicultural social work","volume":"7 1","pages":"69-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J285V07N03_04","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66218511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This article identifies prevailing conceptual approaches employed to formulate issues of diversity for social work research and practice. It argues that the notions of “welfare” and “diversity” are customarily defined within unduly narrow realms. “Welfare” is normally defined from the ideological perspective of modern mainstream society, even though competing minority ideologies of “welfare” are both possible and evident. “Diversity” is normally organized around the central concept of “ethnicity,” even though the universality of this notion is questionable. In response a research approach to address these limitations is proposed which employs a sociological perspective and qualitative methodology to discern appropriate conceptual frameworks.
{"title":"A Qualitative Sociological Approach to Address Issues of Diversity for Social Work","authors":"S. Azmi","doi":"10.1300/J285V07N03_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J285V07N03_08","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article identifies prevailing conceptual approaches employed to formulate issues of diversity for social work research and practice. It argues that the notions of “welfare” and “diversity” are customarily defined within unduly narrow realms. “Welfare” is normally defined from the ideological perspective of modern mainstream society, even though competing minority ideologies of “welfare” are both possible and evident. “Diversity” is normally organized around the central concept of “ethnicity,” even though the universality of this notion is questionable. In response a research approach to address these limitations is proposed which employs a sociological perspective and qualitative methodology to discern appropriate conceptual frameworks.","PeriodicalId":85006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multicultural social work","volume":"7 1","pages":"147-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J285V07N03_08","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66218916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Little is known about consumers' perceptions regarding what services should be offered at Family Resource Centers (FRC) and how these services should be provided. This study reports on ethnic similarities and differences in service utilization, service preferences, and service delivery concerns among 488 Latinos, European Americans, African Americans and Asian Americans who were consumers or potential consumers of FRCs in nine localities in California. Latino and African American consumers were interested in participating in a broader range of services than European American or Asian American consumers. Several service delivery aspects were important to all groups while a convenient neighborhood location and available transportation were salient for all groups but European American consumers. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.
{"title":"Ethnic Differences in Service Use, Preferences, and Service Delivery Aspects Among Consumers and Potential Consumers of Family Resource Centers","authors":"J. O'donnell, J. Giovannoni","doi":"10.1300/J285V07N03_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J285V07N03_01","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Little is known about consumers' perceptions regarding what services should be offered at Family Resource Centers (FRC) and how these services should be provided. This study reports on ethnic similarities and differences in service utilization, service preferences, and service delivery concerns among 488 Latinos, European Americans, African Americans and Asian Americans who were consumers or potential consumers of FRCs in nine localities in California. Latino and African American consumers were interested in participating in a broader range of services than European American or Asian American consumers. Several service delivery aspects were important to all groups while a convenient neighborhood location and available transportation were salient for all groups but European American consumers. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":85006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of multicultural social work","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1300/J285V07N03_01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66218255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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