Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.5325/mediterraneanstu.29.2.0213
Valentina Šoštarić
abstract:In 1430, after the Ottoman sultan Murad II had been assigned the role of arbitrator in the conflict between the people of Dubrovnik and the Bosnian duke Radoslav Pavlović over the territory of Konavle, the authorities of Dubrovnik decided to send ambassadors to the Sublime Porte for the first time. For even though the city fathers possessed practical knowledge and information about the customs, traditions, and culture of the Muslim lands, preparing missions to present Dubrovnik's interests in person at the Sublime Porte was difficult. In the period between the establishment of these first official diplomatic contacts and the time Dubrovnik become a tributary state of the Sublime Porte in 1458, new political and sociocultural circumstances arose that required different approaches and practices. During this time, Dubrovnik's leadership was forced to search for help, protection, and advice from all who could support their pragmatic goals. Analysis of these relationships yields valuable information on sources of support for the ambassadors, what kind of support and advice they sought, how that support was proffered, what rewards were given for support, what role was played by emotions in forging ties to the Sublime Porte, and the power of emotions to shape historical events.
{"title":"Interpersonal Networks of the First Ambassadors of Dubrovnik to the Sublime Porte","authors":"Valentina Šoštarić","doi":"10.5325/mediterraneanstu.29.2.0213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/mediterraneanstu.29.2.0213","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In 1430, after the Ottoman sultan Murad II had been assigned the role of arbitrator in the conflict between the people of Dubrovnik and the Bosnian duke Radoslav Pavlović over the territory of Konavle, the authorities of Dubrovnik decided to send ambassadors to the Sublime Porte for the first time. For even though the city fathers possessed practical knowledge and information about the customs, traditions, and culture of the Muslim lands, preparing missions to present Dubrovnik's interests in person at the Sublime Porte was difficult. In the period between the establishment of these first official diplomatic contacts and the time Dubrovnik become a tributary state of the Sublime Porte in 1458, new political and sociocultural circumstances arose that required different approaches and practices. During this time, Dubrovnik's leadership was forced to search for help, protection, and advice from all who could support their pragmatic goals. Analysis of these relationships yields valuable information on sources of support for the ambassadors, what kind of support and advice they sought, how that support was proffered, what rewards were given for support, what role was played by emotions in forging ties to the Sublime Porte, and the power of emotions to shape historical events.","PeriodicalId":85059,"journal":{"name":"Korea & world affairs","volume":"29 1","pages":"213 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42748644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.5325/mediterraneanstu.29.2.0155
Philippa Byrne
abstract:This article examines how landscape and environmental factors shaped the eleventh-century Norman conquest of southern Italy and Sicily. The conquest was documented in several narrative histories, including those of Amatus of Montecassino, William of Apulia, and Geoffrey Malaterra. These texts have been extensively analyzed for their rhetorical qualities as literary texts, but such an approach has tended to cast the landscape in a passive role, as an object awaiting rhetorical shaping. In light of recent developments in ecocritical studies, these texts ought to be revisited. The dynamic is not one of conquerors triumphing over conquered land. Instead, these texts offer a much more ambivalent picture. Norman mercenaries struggled to adapt to the ecological and environmental challenges of the region, its heat, volcanic activity, hostile fauna, and scarcity of water. A careful reading of these Latin historical accounts can be used to supplement absences in the archival record, and to provide a picture of medieval co-adaptation to the challenges of a particular Mediterranean landscape.
{"title":"Camping With Tarantulas: Nature as Protagonist in Eleventh-Century Sicily and Southern Italy","authors":"Philippa Byrne","doi":"10.5325/mediterraneanstu.29.2.0155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/mediterraneanstu.29.2.0155","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article examines how landscape and environmental factors shaped the eleventh-century Norman conquest of southern Italy and Sicily. The conquest was documented in several narrative histories, including those of Amatus of Montecassino, William of Apulia, and Geoffrey Malaterra. These texts have been extensively analyzed for their rhetorical qualities as literary texts, but such an approach has tended to cast the landscape in a passive role, as an object awaiting rhetorical shaping. In light of recent developments in ecocritical studies, these texts ought to be revisited. The dynamic is not one of conquerors triumphing over conquered land. Instead, these texts offer a much more ambivalent picture. Norman mercenaries struggled to adapt to the ecological and environmental challenges of the region, its heat, volcanic activity, hostile fauna, and scarcity of water. A careful reading of these Latin historical accounts can be used to supplement absences in the archival record, and to provide a picture of medieval co-adaptation to the challenges of a particular Mediterranean landscape.","PeriodicalId":85059,"journal":{"name":"Korea & world affairs","volume":"29 1","pages":"155 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47952826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.5325/MEDITERRANEANSTU.29.1.0004
Anne Maltempi
abstract:This study illuminates the process of writing history in Renaissance Sicily. While Italian historians have offered revisionist histories of Sicily in the Medieval period, the same cannot be said for the Sicilian Renaissance. The existing gap in our understanding of Renaissance historiography with regard to Sicily is the result of a much more expansive tradition that can be traced from Dante and Petrarch to later Italian national histories such as those of Francesco DeSanctis and Benedetto Croce, not to mention Jacob Burckhardt. Anglophone historiography of the Renaissance also reflects this trend of overlooking Sicilian historians of this period. We are left with an incomplete understanding of Sicilian history and culture. I offer a different picture of culture in Sicily during this period by examining how humanists of the time wrote Sicilian history and, as a result, constructed Sicilianità, a term I have chosen to discuss the construction of a unique Sicilian national identity. The work of the Dominican friar Tommaso Fazello (1498–1570) is particularly helpful in teasing out the broader pattern in Sicilian intellectual thought of a selective use of history, philosophy, and literature in order to construct Sicilianità.
{"title":"Writing History in Renaissance Sicily: The Formation of Sicilian National Identity in the Work of Tommaso Fazello","authors":"Anne Maltempi","doi":"10.5325/MEDITERRANEANSTU.29.1.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/MEDITERRANEANSTU.29.1.0004","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This study illuminates the process of writing history in Renaissance Sicily. While Italian historians have offered revisionist histories of Sicily in the Medieval period, the same cannot be said for the Sicilian Renaissance. The existing gap in our understanding of Renaissance historiography with regard to Sicily is the result of a much more expansive tradition that can be traced from Dante and Petrarch to later Italian national histories such as those of Francesco DeSanctis and Benedetto Croce, not to mention Jacob Burckhardt. Anglophone historiography of the Renaissance also reflects this trend of overlooking Sicilian historians of this period. We are left with an incomplete understanding of Sicilian history and culture. I offer a different picture of culture in Sicily during this period by examining how humanists of the time wrote Sicilian history and, as a result, constructed Sicilianità, a term I have chosen to discuss the construction of a unique Sicilian national identity. The work of the Dominican friar Tommaso Fazello (1498–1570) is particularly helpful in teasing out the broader pattern in Sicilian intellectual thought of a selective use of history, philosophy, and literature in order to construct Sicilianità.","PeriodicalId":85059,"journal":{"name":"Korea & world affairs","volume":"29 1","pages":"31 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46245588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.5325/MEDITERRANEANSTU.29.1.0032
Luigi Andrea Berto
abstract:Il Medio Evo barbarico d’Italia (Italy’s Barbarian Middle Ages) by Gabriele Pepe, published in 1941 by Giulio Einaudi Editore, is undoubtedly the longest selling Italian book about the Middle Ages. The goal of this article is to examine the reasons for this success, how the period in which the book was written influenced the depiction of the early medieval period in Italy, and how the volume was interpreted and used from the 1940s to the early 2000s in Italy and abroad. Challenging the conclusions of many scholars who have maintained that this work represents a “Fascist product,” this essay also argues that several parts of this book can be interpreted as a criticism of the rise of the Nazis and of the alliance between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany.
{"title":"Writing a Book About the Barbarians in Italy During Fascism and Reading it From the 1940s to the Early 2000s","authors":"Luigi Andrea Berto","doi":"10.5325/MEDITERRANEANSTU.29.1.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/MEDITERRANEANSTU.29.1.0032","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Il Medio Evo barbarico d’Italia (Italy’s Barbarian Middle Ages) by Gabriele Pepe, published in 1941 by Giulio Einaudi Editore, is undoubtedly the longest selling Italian book about the Middle Ages. The goal of this article is to examine the reasons for this success, how the period in which the book was written influenced the depiction of the early medieval period in Italy, and how the volume was interpreted and used from the 1940s to the early 2000s in Italy and abroad. Challenging the conclusions of many scholars who have maintained that this work represents a “Fascist product,” this essay also argues that several parts of this book can be interpreted as a criticism of the rise of the Nazis and of the alliance between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany.","PeriodicalId":85059,"journal":{"name":"Korea & world affairs","volume":"29 1","pages":"32 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44765368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.5325/MEDITERRANEANSTU.29.1.0089
Eleonora Bedin, Gil Gambash
abstract:Was there such a thing as a Mediterranean identity in antiquity? And if so, how are we to define it? This article addresses these questions, focusing on maritime-based religious associations within Mediterranean societies and how these associations developed over time. Through an examination of the maritime, climatic, and geographical aspects of the human experience during the Hellenistic period, it is possible to evaluate the nature of Mediterranean deities and their common features across boundary lines of locality, nationality, ethnicity, and culture. The emerging picture suggests that the cross-cultural dimension of Mediterranean deities allows for the existence of a superordinate identity that may best be described as Mediterranean.
{"title":"Soteira, Savior of Ships: Mediterranean Identity in the Hellenistic Period","authors":"Eleonora Bedin, Gil Gambash","doi":"10.5325/MEDITERRANEANSTU.29.1.0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/MEDITERRANEANSTU.29.1.0089","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Was there such a thing as a Mediterranean identity in antiquity? And if so, how are we to define it? This article addresses these questions, focusing on maritime-based religious associations within Mediterranean societies and how these associations developed over time. Through an examination of the maritime, climatic, and geographical aspects of the human experience during the Hellenistic period, it is possible to evaluate the nature of Mediterranean deities and their common features across boundary lines of locality, nationality, ethnicity, and culture. The emerging picture suggests that the cross-cultural dimension of Mediterranean deities allows for the existence of a superordinate identity that may best be described as Mediterranean.","PeriodicalId":85059,"journal":{"name":"Korea & world affairs","volume":"29 1","pages":"119 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47830366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.5325/MEDITERRANEANSTU.29.1.0065
Maysoun Ershead Shehadeh
abstract:The debate concerning the identity of Arabs in Israel involves a dimension that has not yet been studied—the hybrid identity of a stateless minority. The definition of Israel as a Jewish state, the fact that Arabs in Israel do not take part in the country’s Independence Day, and the emergence of a national movement among Arabs in Israel demanding cultural but not territorial autonomy are major factors that foreground this status of Arabs in Israel. The current study focuses on the influence of activist Arab groups—political, literary, and journalistic—within the Israeli Communist Party. The party operated as a group of “populist intellectuals” immediately following its consent to the Palestine Partition Plan. The goal of the Communist Party was to engineer the identity of the Palestinian collectivity in Israel as a hybrid identity adapted to the political and territorial circumstances in the aftermath of the War of 1948.
{"title":"The Arabs in Israel—Hybrid Identity of a Stateless National Collectivity","authors":"Maysoun Ershead Shehadeh","doi":"10.5325/MEDITERRANEANSTU.29.1.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/MEDITERRANEANSTU.29.1.0065","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The debate concerning the identity of Arabs in Israel involves a dimension that has not yet been studied—the hybrid identity of a stateless minority. The definition of Israel as a Jewish state, the fact that Arabs in Israel do not take part in the country’s Independence Day, and the emergence of a national movement among Arabs in Israel demanding cultural but not territorial autonomy are major factors that foreground this status of Arabs in Israel. The current study focuses on the influence of activist Arab groups—political, literary, and journalistic—within the Israeli Communist Party. The party operated as a group of “populist intellectuals” immediately following its consent to the Palestine Partition Plan. The goal of the Communist Party was to engineer the identity of the Palestinian collectivity in Israel as a hybrid identity adapted to the political and territorial circumstances in the aftermath of the War of 1948.","PeriodicalId":85059,"journal":{"name":"Korea & world affairs","volume":"29 1","pages":"65 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47932908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.5325/mediterraneanstu.29.1.120
Susan O. Shapiro
{"title":"Tracking Classical Monsters in Popular Culture","authors":"Susan O. Shapiro","doi":"10.5325/mediterraneanstu.29.1.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/mediterraneanstu.29.1.120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85059,"journal":{"name":"Korea & world affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42504475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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