Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.35495/AJAB.2020.05.273
Y. Fatma
Rice fields are a source of methane emissions. Urea fertilization is considered to increase methane emission in rice field. Reduction in amount of urea applied with addition of biofertilizer, consisting of methanotrophic and N2O-reducing bacteria, is presumably to become an innovative fertilization technique to decrease methane emission from rice field. This current work aimed to investigate the community structure of total bacteria and methane emission-related prokaryotes in rice field soil treated with urea and biofertilizer at the vegetative and generative of rice stage. Two treatments were set up in the field experiment, i.e., 100% urea (250 kg/ha) without biofertilizer (B0) and 50% urea (125 kg/ha) with biofertilizer (B1). We used Illuminabased sequencing to investigate the soil microbial community in each treatment. Results showed that the soil bacterial community had minor changes in the two treatments throughout the rice growing period. Application of 50% urea with biofertilizer (B1) did not change the dominant bacterial phyla in rice field soil, i.e., Proteobacteria. However, there were differences in bacterial composition among the two treatments. Bacterial communities were partitioned into two clusters by the treatments (B0 and B1) rather than the rice growth phase. In addition, methanogens:methanotrophs ratio in the B1 treatment was lower than that of the B0 treatment.
{"title":"Community structure of total bacteria and methane emission-related prokaryotes in the rice fields applied with urea and biofertilizer","authors":"Y. Fatma","doi":"10.35495/AJAB.2020.05.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/AJAB.2020.05.273","url":null,"abstract":"Rice fields are a source of methane emissions. Urea fertilization is considered to increase methane emission in rice field. Reduction in amount of urea applied with addition of biofertilizer, consisting of methanotrophic and N2O-reducing bacteria, is presumably to become an innovative fertilization technique to decrease methane emission from rice field. This current work aimed to investigate the community structure of total bacteria and methane emission-related prokaryotes in rice field soil treated with urea and biofertilizer at the vegetative and generative of rice stage. Two treatments were set up in the field experiment, i.e., 100% urea (250 kg/ha) without biofertilizer (B0) and 50% urea (125 kg/ha) with biofertilizer (B1). We used Illuminabased sequencing to investigate the soil microbial community in each treatment. Results showed that the soil bacterial community had minor changes in the two treatments throughout the rice growing period. Application of 50% urea with biofertilizer (B1) did not change the dominant bacterial phyla in rice field soil, i.e., Proteobacteria. However, there were differences in bacterial composition among the two treatments. Bacterial communities were partitioned into two clusters by the treatments (B0 and B1) rather than the rice growth phase. In addition, methanogens:methanotrophs ratio in the B1 treatment was lower than that of the B0 treatment.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46680682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.35495/AJAB.2020.05.272
D. Khang
Mango is one of the most valuable fruiting plant and occupies a crucial position in Vietnam’s agriculture. There are various indigenous mango cultivars which originate from Vietnam. Utilization of DNA barcode for mango authentication is an appropriate solution that overcomes the limitations of morphological-based methods. In this study, 33 samples, representing 19 mango cultivars, were analysed by amplifying and sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and maturase enzyme gene (matK). The results showed that these two barcode candidates were amplified successfully in all samples. ‘Hoa Loc’, a high quality and native mango cultivar is discriminated from others by 52 variation sites in ITS sequence analysis, while the result is 27 for matK. The results also revealed that the noncoding sequence, ITS, has high interspecific distance among such cultivars and should be proposed as a promising DNA barcode for mango identification, based on both sequence quality and discrimination power.
{"title":"DNA barcode: a potential tool for identifying ‘Hoa Loc’ mango cultivar in Vietnam","authors":"D. Khang","doi":"10.35495/AJAB.2020.05.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/AJAB.2020.05.272","url":null,"abstract":"Mango is one of the most valuable fruiting plant and occupies a crucial position in Vietnam’s agriculture. There are various indigenous mango cultivars which originate from Vietnam. Utilization of DNA barcode for mango authentication is an appropriate solution that overcomes the limitations of morphological-based methods. In this study, 33 samples, representing 19 mango cultivars, were analysed by amplifying and sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and maturase enzyme gene (matK). The results showed that these two barcode candidates were amplified successfully in all samples. ‘Hoa Loc’, a high quality and native mango cultivar is discriminated from others by 52 variation sites in ITS sequence analysis, while the result is 27 for matK. The results also revealed that the noncoding sequence, ITS, has high interspecific distance among such cultivars and should be proposed as a promising DNA barcode for mango identification, based on both sequence quality and discrimination power.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69845795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.35495/AJAB.2020.09.503
S. Youpensuk
Castanopsis tribuloides and Pinus kesiya are ectomycorrhizal (ECM) host plants. They are used for reforestation in degraded forestlands in northern Thailand. Objective of this research was to compare the effects of mycelial inoculation of Russula alboareolata and Amanita princeps, edible ECM mushrooms, on C. tribuloides and P. kesiya seedlings by evaluating ECM formation, growth response and nutrient accumulation. The study period was from 2018 to 2020. Two-month old seedlings of C. tribuloides and P. kesiya were inoculated with mycelium slurries of R. alboareolata and A. princeps. The effects of the ECM fungi on the host plants were evaluated at six months after inoculation. ECM roots of C. tribuloides associated with R. alboareolata and A. princeps were irregularly pinnate, whereas ECM roots of P. kesiya inoculated with the fungi were dichotomous branching patterns. Survivals of C. tribuloides seedlings in the uninoculated, R. alboareolata and A. princeps treatments were 66.7, 76.7 and 97.2% respectively. Survivals of P. kesiya seedlings in both the uninoculated and inoculated treatments were about 95%. Inoculation with the ECM fungi significantly increased the growth and nutrient accumulations of C. tribuloides and P. kesiya seedlings. The increase in dry weight was greater for inoculated plants of C. tribuloides than for those of P. kesiya. For C. tribuloides, the increase was significantly greater for plants inoculated with R. alboareolata than for those inoculated with A. princeps. For P. kesiya, there was no difference in the increase in dry weight between plants inoculated with each of the fungal species. Seedlings of C. tribuloides and P. kesiya associated with the edible ECM fungi may be beneficial for reforestation.
{"title":"Responses of Castanopsis tribuloides and Pinus kesiya seedlings to mycelial inoculation of Russula alboareolata and Amanita princeps","authors":"S. Youpensuk","doi":"10.35495/AJAB.2020.09.503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/AJAB.2020.09.503","url":null,"abstract":"Castanopsis tribuloides and Pinus kesiya are ectomycorrhizal (ECM) host plants. They are used for reforestation in degraded forestlands in northern Thailand. Objective of this research was to compare the effects of mycelial inoculation of Russula alboareolata and Amanita princeps, edible ECM mushrooms, on C. tribuloides and P. kesiya seedlings by evaluating ECM formation, growth response and nutrient accumulation. The study period was from 2018 to 2020. Two-month old seedlings of C. tribuloides and P. kesiya were inoculated with mycelium slurries of R. alboareolata and A. princeps. The effects of the ECM fungi on the host plants were evaluated at six months after inoculation. ECM roots of C. tribuloides associated with R. alboareolata and A. princeps were irregularly pinnate, whereas ECM roots of P. kesiya inoculated with the fungi were dichotomous branching patterns. Survivals of C. tribuloides seedlings in the uninoculated, R. alboareolata and A. princeps treatments were 66.7, 76.7 and 97.2% respectively. Survivals of P. kesiya seedlings in both the uninoculated and inoculated treatments were about 95%. Inoculation with the ECM fungi significantly increased the growth and nutrient accumulations of C. tribuloides and P. kesiya seedlings. The increase in dry weight was greater for inoculated plants of C. tribuloides than for those of P. kesiya. For C. tribuloides, the increase was significantly greater for plants inoculated with R. alboareolata than for those inoculated with A. princeps. For P. kesiya, there was no difference in the increase in dry weight between plants inoculated with each of the fungal species. Seedlings of C. tribuloides and P. kesiya associated with the edible ECM fungi may be beneficial for reforestation.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45045939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.35495/AJAB.2019.12.562
Frans Grovy Naibaho
Chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of the Chinese shallot, Allium chinense G. Don. grown in North Sumatra, Indonesia was determined through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aqueous extract was obtained from maceration in distilled water and concentrated using rotavapor (yield: 38%, w/v). The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract displayed broad-spectrum inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The most potential bioactivity was its antifungal activity against Candida albicans with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5 μg/mL. The results also displayed a distinct composition in North Sumatran cultivar, Allium chinense, which previously reported to be dominated by organosulfur compounds in the Chinese shallot. Furan compounds and their derivatives dominated the composition of aqueous extract. The major components identified were 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde (26.65%), 2,3-dihydro-3,5dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (14.64%), lactic acid (12.70%), 3,5dihydroxy-2-methyl-5,6-dihydropyran (10.42%) and other furan derivatives (<2%) which may be responsible for its antimicrobial activity due to its furan cocktails in the extract. The major compound, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2furancarboxaldehyde is then revealed as a potential antioxidant based on literature reviews.
葱水提物的化学成分研究。采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法测定了产自印度尼西亚北苏门答腊岛的黄芪。水提物经蒸馏水浸渍后用旋蒸法浓缩(收率38%，w/v)。水提物对枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有广谱抑制作用。其抗白色念珠菌活性最高，最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为62.5 μg/mL。结果还表明，北苏门答腊栽培品种Allium chinense的有机硫化合物组成明显不同，以前报道过中国葱的有机硫化合物以有机硫化合物为主。呋喃类化合物及其衍生物是水溶液萃取物的主要成分。主要成分为5-(羟甲基)-2-呋喃甲醛(26.65%)、2,3-二氢-3,5 -二羟基-6-甲基-4- h -吡喃-4-酮(14.64%)、乳酸(12.70%)、3,5 -二羟基-2-甲基-5,6-二氢吡喃(10.42%)和其他呋喃衍生物(<2%)，这些可能是由于提取物中含有呋喃混合物而产生抗菌活性的。根据文献综述，揭示了主要化合物5-(羟甲基)-2呋喃甲醛是一种潜在的抗氧化剂。
{"title":"GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract from the bulbs of Allium chinense G. Don. cultivated in North Sumatra, Indonesia","authors":"Frans Grovy Naibaho","doi":"10.35495/AJAB.2019.12.562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/AJAB.2019.12.562","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of the Chinese shallot, Allium chinense G. Don. grown in North Sumatra, Indonesia was determined through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aqueous extract was obtained from maceration in distilled water and concentrated using rotavapor (yield: 38%, w/v). The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract displayed broad-spectrum inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The most potential bioactivity was its antifungal activity against Candida albicans with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5 μg/mL. The results also displayed a distinct composition in North Sumatran cultivar, Allium chinense, which previously reported to be dominated by organosulfur compounds in the Chinese shallot. Furan compounds and their derivatives dominated the composition of aqueous extract. The major components identified were 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde (26.65%), 2,3-dihydro-3,5dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (14.64%), lactic acid (12.70%), 3,5dihydroxy-2-methyl-5,6-dihydropyran (10.42%) and other furan derivatives (<2%) which may be responsible for its antimicrobial activity due to its furan cocktails in the extract. The major compound, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2furancarboxaldehyde is then revealed as a potential antioxidant based on literature reviews.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46622708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.35495/AJAB.2020.10.530
M. Akter
Bactrocera dorsalis and Zeugodacus cucurbitae are the most economically important pests of fruits and vegetables production. Male lures like, methyl eugenol (ME) and cue lure (CL) in conjunction with insecticides are commercially used to attract and kill these pests. We investigated, herein, the application of plant essential oils (basil, clove, citronella, and eucalyptus) with ME and CL for both toxicity and attraction. Through the use of rubber foam as a base, basil oil (BO) was found to be highly toxic to B. dorsalis and Z. cucurbitae, and was evaluated for potency with ME and CL as effective attraction mechanisms. Our results found 15.7-20.3 % of attraction for B. dorsalis using ME, separately or mixed with basil oil. The separate CL found 20.3 % while the ME+CL mixture provided 21.5 % attraction for Z. cucurbitae. In field tests, a greater number of B. dorsalis were trapped with ME alone (20.4 fly/trap/day, FTD), whereas the attraction of the ME and BO mixture was relatively low. For Z. cucurbitae, ME+CL (0.1-0.7 FTD) and CL (0.2-0.6 FTD) trapped more flies than mixtures combining BO, suggesting that combinations of BO with ME in rubber foam bases may be a viable alternative for the control B. dorsalis but not for Z. cucurbitae.
{"title":"The effects of methyl eugenol, cue lure and plant essential oils in rubber foam dispenser for controlling Bactrocera dorsalis and Zeugodacus cucurbitae","authors":"M. Akter","doi":"10.35495/AJAB.2020.10.530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/AJAB.2020.10.530","url":null,"abstract":"Bactrocera dorsalis and Zeugodacus cucurbitae are the most economically important pests of fruits and vegetables production. Male lures like, methyl eugenol (ME) and cue lure (CL) in conjunction with insecticides are commercially used to attract and kill these pests. We investigated, herein, the application of plant essential oils (basil, clove, citronella, and eucalyptus) with ME and CL for both toxicity and attraction. Through the use of rubber foam as a base, basil oil (BO) was found to be highly toxic to B. dorsalis and Z. cucurbitae, and was evaluated for potency with ME and CL as effective attraction mechanisms. Our results found 15.7-20.3 % of attraction for B. dorsalis using ME, separately or mixed with basil oil. The separate CL found 20.3 % while the ME+CL mixture provided 21.5 % attraction for Z. cucurbitae. In field tests, a greater number of B. dorsalis were trapped with ME alone (20.4 fly/trap/day, FTD), whereas the attraction of the ME and BO mixture was relatively low. For Z. cucurbitae, ME+CL (0.1-0.7 FTD) and CL (0.2-0.6 FTD) trapped more flies than mixtures combining BO, suggesting that combinations of BO with ME in rubber foam bases may be a viable alternative for the control B. dorsalis but not for Z. cucurbitae.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43882771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.35495/AJAB.2020.08.437
M. R. Gondal
Pakistan’s agriculture, especially the cotton area is facing serious threat of water shortage, which is negatively affecting the sizeable foreign reserves. Besides other irrigation management practices, selection of drought tolerant varieties can support to tackle the issue. The current study was aimed at the assessment of drought tolerance potential of various Bt cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum L. Under the current study, sixteen cotton cultivars were placed for germination in petri dishes under distinct osmotic potentials with seven different concentrations of PEG-6000 (i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 27 percent, having osmotic potential of 0.0, -0.05, -0.148, -0.295, -0.491, 0.735 and -0.846 MPa respectively). The results revealed significant differences among various traits of all genotypes. It was observed that seed germination and root length increased up to concentration level of 25% PEG-6000 (at -0.735 MPa) whereas increment in shoot length stopped further. Root/shoot ratio increased until PEG concentration of 20% and then ceased. NIBGE-8 was the best performer under all simulated osmotic adjustments with maximum mean germination percentage of 62.86 %. The growth parameters of NIBGE-8 recorded on 12 and 18 days after sowing were noted as root length (6.87 and 9.9) cm, shoot length (5.9 and 6.37) cm, root/shoot ratio (1.03 and 1.23), root length-index (597 and 843) and shoot-vigor index (539 and 576) respectively. The results of study revealed that the genotypes NIBGE-8, NIBGE9, BH-201 and RH-668 were found osmotic stress tolerant while Mubarak, CEMB-88 and DEEBEL were found highly sensitive to drought conditions.
{"title":"Assessment of Drought Tolerance in various Cotton Genotypes under Simulated Osmotic settings","authors":"M. R. Gondal","doi":"10.35495/AJAB.2020.08.437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/AJAB.2020.08.437","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan’s agriculture, especially the cotton area is facing serious threat of water shortage, which is negatively affecting the sizeable foreign reserves. Besides other irrigation management practices, selection of drought tolerant varieties can support to tackle the issue. The current study was aimed at the assessment of drought tolerance potential of various Bt cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum L. Under the current study, sixteen cotton cultivars were placed for germination in petri dishes under distinct osmotic potentials with seven different concentrations of PEG-6000 (i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 27 percent, having osmotic potential of 0.0, -0.05, -0.148, -0.295, -0.491, 0.735 and -0.846 MPa respectively). The results revealed significant differences among various traits of all genotypes. It was observed that seed germination and root length increased up to concentration level of 25% PEG-6000 (at -0.735 MPa) whereas increment in shoot length stopped further. Root/shoot ratio increased until PEG concentration of 20% and then ceased. NIBGE-8 was the best performer under all simulated osmotic adjustments with maximum mean germination percentage of 62.86 %. The growth parameters of NIBGE-8 recorded on 12 and 18 days after sowing were noted as root length (6.87 and 9.9) cm, shoot length (5.9 and 6.37) cm, root/shoot ratio (1.03 and 1.23), root length-index (597 and 843) and shoot-vigor index (539 and 576) respectively. The results of study revealed that the genotypes NIBGE-8, NIBGE9, BH-201 and RH-668 were found osmotic stress tolerant while Mubarak, CEMB-88 and DEEBEL were found highly sensitive to drought conditions.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46164327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.35495/AJAB.2020.09.464
Adnan Ahmad
Pepper mild mottle virus is a lethal Tobamovirus infecting capsicum around the globe. Molecular diversity of capsid protein gene (CP) of Pakistani Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) isolates was investigated. From symptomatic pepper leaves collected from farmer’s fields, the CP gene of PMMoV RNA was amplified by specific primers designed in this study. The nucleotides sequences of Pakistani PMMoV isolates were 98.2% to 99.3% similar to each other and 97.2% to 99.3% with other isolates. Highest identities were observed with Indian (NC-3) and Chines (C27084) isolates. In phylogenetic reconstruction, Pakistani isolates grouped with Turkish and South Korean isolates. Few single nucleotide polymorphism were detected in Pakistani isolates and no insertions or deletions were observed. There was 0.0020 to 0.0063 evolutionary distance among Pakistani isolates and 0.0021 to 0.018 between Pakistani and world isolates (highest with Indian and German, and lowest with Spanish, Chines and Brazilian isolates). A frequent gene flow (Fst = 0.07103 i.e. <0.33) was observed between Pakistani and world isolates. In investigation of genetic differentiation, the figures of permutation-based statistical tests viz; Z (296.07432), Snn (0.083571) and Ks* (1.36036) were significant. In statistical analysis the values of Fu & Li’s D* and F* and Tajima’s D, were negative, exhibiting the low polymorphism frequency in studied populations.
{"title":"Molecular diversity and phylogenetic reconstruction of Pepper mild mottle virus isolates from Pakistan","authors":"Adnan Ahmad","doi":"10.35495/AJAB.2020.09.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/AJAB.2020.09.464","url":null,"abstract":"Pepper mild mottle virus is a lethal Tobamovirus infecting capsicum around the globe. Molecular diversity of capsid protein gene (CP) of Pakistani Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) isolates was investigated. From symptomatic pepper leaves collected from farmer’s fields, the CP gene of PMMoV RNA was amplified by specific primers designed in this study. The nucleotides sequences of Pakistani PMMoV isolates were 98.2% to 99.3% similar to each other and 97.2% to 99.3% with other isolates. Highest identities were observed with Indian (NC-3) and Chines (C27084) isolates. In phylogenetic reconstruction, Pakistani isolates grouped with Turkish and South Korean isolates. Few single nucleotide polymorphism were detected in Pakistani isolates and no insertions or deletions were observed. There was 0.0020 to 0.0063 evolutionary distance among Pakistani isolates and 0.0021 to 0.018 between Pakistani and world isolates (highest with Indian and German, and lowest with Spanish, Chines and Brazilian isolates). A frequent gene flow (Fst = 0.07103 i.e. <0.33) was observed between Pakistani and world isolates. In investigation of genetic differentiation, the figures of permutation-based statistical tests viz; Z (296.07432), Snn (0.083571) and Ks* (1.36036) were significant. In statistical analysis the values of Fu & Li’s D* and F* and Tajima’s D, were negative, exhibiting the low polymorphism frequency in studied populations.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41829947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.35495/AJAB.2019.01.033
R. Choudhury
Tenualosa ilisha, an anadromous fish, inhabited in the lower region of the estuaries and the foreshore areas migrating to river for spawning. The Hilsa population entered the Brahmaputra River system from Bay of Bengal. Various studies have shown the Hilsa population differs significantly from one another found in different rivers. In the present communication attempt has been made to investigate population of Hilsa shad in the Brahmaputra River using cytochrome b gene. Analysis of 425 bp of Cytochrome b gene fragment revealed 4 haplotypes with two clusters in dendogram. Existence of three polymorphic sites in the haplotypes sequences obtained from two groups of Hilsa shad showed low genetic differentiation in the Brahmaputra River.
{"title":"Cytochrome b gene based population study of Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton) in the Brahmaputra river system of India","authors":"R. Choudhury","doi":"10.35495/AJAB.2019.01.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/AJAB.2019.01.033","url":null,"abstract":"Tenualosa ilisha, an anadromous fish, inhabited in the lower region of the estuaries and the foreshore areas migrating to river for spawning. The Hilsa population entered the Brahmaputra River system from Bay of Bengal. Various studies have shown the Hilsa population differs significantly from one another found in different rivers. In the present communication attempt has been made to investigate population of Hilsa shad in the Brahmaputra River using cytochrome b gene. Analysis of 425 bp of Cytochrome b gene fragment revealed 4 haplotypes with two clusters in dendogram. Existence of three polymorphic sites in the haplotypes sequences obtained from two groups of Hilsa shad showed low genetic differentiation in the Brahmaputra River.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45604400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.35495/AJAB.2020.07.398
Wali Muhammad
A study was carried out to identify the pollinator community and its role in pollination of sunflower at the research farm of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. The community of pollinators was composed of 14 insect species including eight bee species (Hymenoptera), four fly species (Diptera) and two butterfly species (Lepidoptera). Bees were the most abundant floral visitors. Apis dorsata Fabricius, Xylocopa sp and Megachile sp. were the most abundant among the bees with the highest visitation frequencies i.e. 1.33, 0.07 and 0.06 individuals per head per minute, respectively. The abundant flies included Eristalinus aeneus Scopoli and E. arvorum Linnaeus. The peak visitation activity of pollinators was recorded between 08:00 to 10:00 hrs. Although there was no significant difference in number of seeds per head produced in insect pollinated (open) as compared with, without insect pollinated (caged) heads. However, insect pollination significantly increased the number of healthy seeds, 100 seed weight and germination percentage. As A. dorsata Fabricius was the major pollinator of sunflower, future studies should focus on its conservation for better crop production.
{"title":"Pollinator Community of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) and its Role in Crop Reproductive Success","authors":"Wali Muhammad","doi":"10.35495/AJAB.2020.07.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/AJAB.2020.07.398","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to identify the pollinator community and its role in pollination of sunflower at the research farm of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. The community of pollinators was composed of 14 insect species including eight bee species (Hymenoptera), four fly species (Diptera) and two butterfly species (Lepidoptera). Bees were the most abundant floral visitors. Apis dorsata Fabricius, Xylocopa sp and Megachile sp. were the most abundant among the bees with the highest visitation frequencies i.e. 1.33, 0.07 and 0.06 individuals per head per minute, respectively. The abundant flies included Eristalinus aeneus Scopoli and E. arvorum Linnaeus. The peak visitation activity of pollinators was recorded between 08:00 to 10:00 hrs. Although there was no significant difference in number of seeds per head produced in insect pollinated (open) as compared with, without insect pollinated (caged) heads. However, insect pollination significantly increased the number of healthy seeds, 100 seed weight and germination percentage. As A. dorsata Fabricius was the major pollinator of sunflower, future studies should focus on its conservation for better crop production.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42540438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.35495/AJAB.2020.05.301
M. Akram
Cultivation of quinoa, a climate-resilient and superfood crop, can be a viable option for food security than conventional food crops. A field experiment was conducted during growing season of 2018-2019 to evaluate 13 elite lines of quinoa. The data regarding stand establishment, phenology of developmental stages, root establishment, leaf biochemical, morphological attributes and seed viability were recorded and analysed. Seed yield was linked with phenological, physiological and morphological traits. Ten lines (4, 6, 9, 11, 15, 22, 24, 30, 45 and 126) seem to be high yielders than check that are originated from New Mexico and Peru. New line Q11 appears to be a high yielder among all the newly introduced lines and standard variety also. Q126 showed the maximum harvesting index. Standard variety UAFQ-7 seems to be higher in root length. Among lines, the duration of crops is also different. Q24 appears to be a short duration crop. Q15 and Q45 appear to be higher in anthocyanin and phenolic contents, respectively. Finding new germplasm having higher yield potential than the check variety will strengthen the popularity of new crops under the agro-climatic conditions of Faisalabad-Pakistan.
{"title":"Adaptability and yield potential of new quinoa lines under agro-ecological conditions of Faisalabad-Pakistan","authors":"M. Akram","doi":"10.35495/AJAB.2020.05.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35495/AJAB.2020.05.301","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivation of quinoa, a climate-resilient and superfood crop, can be a viable option for food security than conventional food crops. A field experiment was conducted during growing season of 2018-2019 to evaluate 13 elite lines of quinoa. The data regarding stand establishment, phenology of developmental stages, root establishment, leaf biochemical, morphological attributes and seed viability were recorded and analysed. Seed yield was linked with phenological, physiological and morphological traits. Ten lines (4, 6, 9, 11, 15, 22, 24, 30, 45 and 126) seem to be high yielders than check that are originated from New Mexico and Peru. New line Q11 appears to be a high yielder among all the newly introduced lines and standard variety also. Q126 showed the maximum harvesting index. Standard variety UAFQ-7 seems to be higher in root length. Among lines, the duration of crops is also different. Q24 appears to be a short duration crop. Q15 and Q45 appear to be higher in anthocyanin and phenolic contents, respectively. Finding new germplasm having higher yield potential than the check variety will strengthen the popularity of new crops under the agro-climatic conditions of Faisalabad-Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":8506,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48157955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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