In this paper, various problems associated with parabolic reflectors, its causes and the approach to mitigate these problems are discussed. The problems include; side lobe radiations, edge diffraction, aperture blockage, cross polarisation, feed spill over, feed illumination taper, pointing error, surface error and phase error. These problems have adverse effect on the overall gain, efficiency and directivity of the antenna thereby inhibiting efficient communication process. The result of the survey reveals that, phase error tends to be the most difficult of the aforementioned problems due to the challenges associated with locating the phase centre at reflector’s focus. The aperture blockage seems to have the least method of solution, because the problem can be solved by changing the centre feed to an offset feed. Detailed investigation of these problems and the relevant solutions are necessary, since parabolic reflectors are among the most common antennas with diverse application.
{"title":"Survey on Mitigating the Problems of Parabolic Reflectors for Efficient Communication","authors":"Asianuba Ifeoma B., Okerulu Charles I.","doi":"10.24203/ajet.v9i5.6762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajet.v9i5.6762","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, various problems associated with parabolic reflectors, its causes and the approach to mitigate these problems are discussed. The problems include; side lobe radiations, edge diffraction, aperture blockage, cross polarisation, feed spill over, feed illumination taper, pointing error, surface error and phase error. These problems have adverse effect on the overall gain, efficiency and directivity of the antenna thereby inhibiting efficient communication process. The result of the survey reveals that, phase error tends to be the most difficult of the aforementioned problems due to the challenges associated with locating the phase centre at reflector’s focus. The aperture blockage seems to have the least method of solution, because the problem can be solved by changing the centre feed to an offset feed. Detailed investigation of these problems and the relevant solutions are necessary, since parabolic reflectors are among the most common antennas with diverse application. ","PeriodicalId":8524,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87566440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. C. Igwilo, O. Oodo, C. P. Nnabugwu, G. K. Ojikpong, P. O. Anyasi, I. Adesina
The general aim and objectives of the research is to demonstrate an overview of the composite design and emphasis of the implementation of an effective and efficient smart grid power system that will address the challenges of epileptic power due to power demand, power production and power deficit in Nigeria.
{"title":"AN OVERVIEW OF THE COMPOSITE DESIGN OF SMART GRID DUE TO POWER DEMAND,PRODUCTION AND POWER DEFICIT IN NIGERIA","authors":"O. C. Igwilo, O. Oodo, C. P. Nnabugwu, G. K. Ojikpong, P. O. Anyasi, I. Adesina","doi":"10.24203/ajet.v9i4.6617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajet.v9i4.6617","url":null,"abstract":"The general aim and objectives of the research is to demonstrate an overview of the composite design and emphasis of the implementation of an effective and efficient smart grid power system that will address the challenges of epileptic power due to power demand, power production and power deficit in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":8524,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83118222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.42623
Mohamad Aqif, M. Haque, W. Ahmad
This study aims to determine the characteristics of the stability test using Bantak as the main material. Fundamental studies in terms of the characteristics of Stability values include Density (Density), Flow (melting), VIM (Void in Mix), VMA (Void in Mineral Aggregate), VFB (Void Filled Bitumen), and Marshall Quotient (MQ). This study uses an experimental test method consisting of different bitumen content variants, respectively, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, and 7%. Each variant consists of three samples of the test object. The research was carried out at the building materials laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. The implementation stages include inspection of AC 60/70, an inspection of aggregates (fine aggregate and coarse aggregate), an inspection of fillers, and manufacturing mixed specimens and stability tests with various characteristics. The results of the research showed that the average value of stability, density, flow, void in the mix, void mineral aggregate, void filled bitumen, and Marshall quotient was 1156.44 kg, 2.33 gr/cc, 3.07 mm, 5.20 %, 13.92% 60.10% and 377.28 kg/mm. Finally, Bantak aggregate can be used as an alternative in the manufacture of hot asphalt mixtures because the research performance data meet the requirements for accepting Indonesian national standards. Its abundant availability makes Bantak a solution in exploiting Merapi material, which is very influential on the environmental impact and improves residents' economy in the quarry area.
{"title":"The characteristics of stability test using Bantak as the main aggregate","authors":"Mohamad Aqif, M. Haque, W. Ahmad","doi":"10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.42623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.42623","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the characteristics of the stability test using Bantak as the main material. Fundamental studies in terms of the characteristics of Stability values include Density (Density), Flow (melting), VIM (Void in Mix), VMA (Void in Mineral Aggregate), VFB (Void Filled Bitumen), and Marshall Quotient (MQ). This study uses an experimental test method consisting of different bitumen content variants, respectively, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, and 7%. Each variant consists of three samples of the test object. The research was carried out at the building materials laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. The implementation stages include inspection of AC 60/70, an inspection of aggregates (fine aggregate and coarse aggregate), an inspection of fillers, and manufacturing mixed specimens and stability tests with various characteristics. The results of the research showed that the average value of stability, density, flow, void in the mix, void mineral aggregate, void filled bitumen, and Marshall quotient was 1156.44 kg, 2.33 gr/cc, 3.07 mm, 5.20 %, 13.92% 60.10% and 377.28 kg/mm. Finally, Bantak aggregate can be used as an alternative in the manufacture of hot asphalt mixtures because the research performance data meet the requirements for accepting Indonesian national standards. Its abundant availability makes Bantak a solution in exploiting Merapi material, which is very influential on the environmental impact and improves residents' economy in the quarry area. ","PeriodicalId":8524,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91485082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.42777
N. Hidayati, Arief Hermawan
K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm is a classification algorithm that has been proven to solve various classification problems. Two approaches that can be used in this algorithm are K-NN with Euclidean and K-NN with Manhattan. The research aims to apply the K-NN algorithm with Euclidean and K-NN with Manhattan to classify the accuracy of graduation. Student graduation is determined by the variables of gender, major, number of first-semester credits, number of second-semester credits, number of third-semester credits, grade point on the first semester, grade point on the second semester, grade point on the third semester, and age. These variables determine the accuracy of student graduation, timely or untimely. The implementation of the K-NN algorithm is carried out using Rapidminer software. The results were obtained after testing 380 training data and 163 testing data. The best accuracy system was achieved at K=7 with a value of 85.28%. The two algorithmic approaches did not affect the accuracy of the results. Furthermore, the addition of the value of K did not completely affect the accuracy.
k -最近邻(K-NN)算法是一种被证明可以解决各种分类问题的分类算法。在该算法中可以使用的两种方法是带有欧几里得的K-NN和带有曼哈顿的K-NN。本研究的目的是应用基于欧几里得的K-NN算法和基于曼哈顿的K-NN算法对分度精度进行分类。学生毕业由性别、专业、第一学期学分数、第二学期学分数、第三学期学分数、第一学期绩点、第二学期绩点、第三学期绩点、年龄等变量决定。这些变量决定了学生毕业的准确性，及时或不及时。使用Rapidminer软件实现K-NN算法。对380个训练数据和163个测试数据进行了测试，得到了结果。该系统在K=7时精度最高，为85.28%。这两种算法方法不影响结果的准确性。此外，K值的增加并没有完全影响精度。
{"title":"K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm with Euclidean and Manhattan in classification of student graduation","authors":"N. Hidayati, Arief Hermawan","doi":"10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.42777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.42777","url":null,"abstract":"K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm is a classification algorithm that has been proven to solve various classification problems. Two approaches that can be used in this algorithm are K-NN with Euclidean and K-NN with Manhattan. The research aims to apply the K-NN algorithm with Euclidean and K-NN with Manhattan to classify the accuracy of graduation. Student graduation is determined by the variables of gender, major, number of first-semester credits, number of second-semester credits, number of third-semester credits, grade point on the first semester, grade point on the second semester, grade point on the third semester, and age. These variables determine the accuracy of student graduation, timely or untimely. The implementation of the K-NN algorithm is carried out using Rapidminer software. The results were obtained after testing 380 training data and 163 testing data. The best accuracy system was achieved at K=7 with a value of 85.28%. The two algorithmic approaches did not affect the accuracy of the results. Furthermore, the addition of the value of K did not completely affect the accuracy.","PeriodicalId":8524,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77846919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.39922
Abednego Kristanto, Wang Kan, Peng Sitao
A method for automated generation program for nuclear fuel reloading patterns in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) has been developed. This newly-developed method consists of six different steps to minimize the maximum FΔH value, and maximize the reactor cycle length. Step 1 is initial fuel placement that is expected to produce the longest cycle length possible with the selected Fuel Assemblies (FAs) for the current cycle. Step 2 is aiming to decrease the FΔH value of the FA with the maximum FΔH. Step 3 aims to increase the FΔH value of the old FA with the lowest FΔH. Step 4 is rotating FA with the lowest FΔH value to increase its FΔH value, and rotating several old FAs in the neighboring FA with the maximum FΔH value to decrease the maximum FΔH value. Step 5 is aiming to increase the FΔH value of FA with the lowest FΔH value. The last step or step 6, will try to move FAs that have high k∞ in the periphery zone, inward to increase the cycle length of the reactor. These steps are translated into code in the Python programming language to enable automatic execution in a computer. A 3D nuclear reactor core neutronic code, COCO, is used for the calculation of FΔH value and reactor cycle length. Every nuclear power plant designer company will have their FΔH peaking factor safety limit in accordance with their DNB experiments and calculations, and the FΔH value safety limit used in this research is 1.46. A PWR loading pattern model is used to test this method. During the test, all the steps in this method are successfully executed in a total of 25 iterations plus one initialization calculation and produced acceptable results. The results of this method are all of the loading patterns found in all steps which have the maximum FΔH value below the defined criterion values. In the mentioned PWR loading pattern model, four optimized loading patterns are found using this method, all of which can be selected in the PWR refueling loading pattern design.
{"title":"Research on the automatic generation code for nuclear fuel reloading patterns in pressurized water-cooled reactors","authors":"Abednego Kristanto, Wang Kan, Peng Sitao","doi":"10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.39922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.39922","url":null,"abstract":"A method for automated generation program for nuclear fuel reloading patterns in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) has been developed. This newly-developed method consists of six different steps to minimize the maximum FΔH value, and maximize the reactor cycle length. Step 1 is initial fuel placement that is expected to produce the longest cycle length possible with the selected Fuel Assemblies (FAs) for the current cycle. Step 2 is aiming to decrease the FΔH value of the FA with the maximum FΔH. Step 3 aims to increase the FΔH value of the old FA with the lowest FΔH. Step 4 is rotating FA with the lowest FΔH value to increase its FΔH value, and rotating several old FAs in the neighboring FA with the maximum FΔH value to decrease the maximum FΔH value. Step 5 is aiming to increase the FΔH value of FA with the lowest FΔH value. The last step or step 6, will try to move FAs that have high k∞ in the periphery zone, inward to increase the cycle length of the reactor. These steps are translated into code in the Python programming language to enable automatic execution in a computer. A 3D nuclear reactor core neutronic code, COCO, is used for the calculation of FΔH value and reactor cycle length. Every nuclear power plant designer company will have their FΔH peaking factor safety limit in accordance with their DNB experiments and calculations, and the FΔH value safety limit used in this research is 1.46. A PWR loading pattern model is used to test this method. During the test, all the steps in this method are successfully executed in a total of 25 iterations plus one initialization calculation and produced acceptable results. The results of this method are all of the loading patterns found in all steps which have the maximum FΔH value below the defined criterion values. In the mentioned PWR loading pattern model, four optimized loading patterns are found using this method, all of which can be selected in the PWR refueling loading pattern design. ","PeriodicalId":8524,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75822695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.42030
Dulmalik Dulmalik, Selli Rosliani, Sella Rosliana
Siam Weed leaves can be used as natural dyes since they contain tannin compounds which give a brown color to the dyeing of fabrics. This study was conducted to utilize Siam Weed leaves as a natural dye substitute for synthetic cotton cloth and obtain dye from Siam Weed leaves in liquid form. The material used is a dyed cotton cloth with the extract of Siam Weed leaves. The variation of dipping time was 30 minutes and 13 hours. The types of fixators used were Ferrous Sulfate and Alum solution. The findings showed that the type of fixator can affect the color result of the fabric. The fixed fixator produces a dark green color while the Alum solution produces a yellow color. Based on the results of the dry rub test, the cloth that has been immersed in the dye for 13 hours and fixed by an Alum fixator produces the maximum color fastness value with a staining scale value of 5, 5, 5 (very good). Whereas in the wet rub test, the cloth that has been immersed in the dye for 13 hours and fixed with an Alum solution fixator produces good values with a range of values for the staining scale 4-5, 4-5, 4-5 (good). In the colorfastness test of washing cloth soap soaked for 30 minutes, the best dye fastness with a grayscale value of 4-5, 4-5, 4-5 (good). The type of fixator that has the best colorfastness in the washing test is the Alum fixator.
{"title":"Utilization of Siam Weed leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) as natural dyes","authors":"Dulmalik Dulmalik, Selli Rosliani, Sella Rosliana","doi":"10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.42030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.42030","url":null,"abstract":"Siam Weed leaves can be used as natural dyes since they contain tannin compounds which give a brown color to the dyeing of fabrics. This study was conducted to utilize Siam Weed leaves as a natural dye substitute for synthetic cotton cloth and obtain dye from Siam Weed leaves in liquid form. The material used is a dyed cotton cloth with the extract of Siam Weed leaves. The variation of dipping time was 30 minutes and 13 hours. The types of fixators used were Ferrous Sulfate and Alum solution. The findings showed that the type of fixator can affect the color result of the fabric. The fixed fixator produces a dark green color while the Alum solution produces a yellow color. Based on the results of the dry rub test, the cloth that has been immersed in the dye for 13 hours and fixed by an Alum fixator produces the maximum color fastness value with a staining scale value of 5, 5, 5 (very good). Whereas in the wet rub test, the cloth that has been immersed in the dye for 13 hours and fixed with an Alum solution fixator produces good values with a range of values for the staining scale 4-5, 4-5, 4-5 (good). In the colorfastness test of washing cloth soap soaked for 30 minutes, the best dye fastness with a grayscale value of 4-5, 4-5, 4-5 (good). The type of fixator that has the best colorfastness in the washing test is the Alum fixator.","PeriodicalId":8524,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72629070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.42830
Rosnee Ahad, Nur Amani Lowe Mohd Shafiq Lowe, Mohamad Zaid Bin Mustafa, S. Sumarwati
Fire is one of the disasters that cause property loss and casualties. Based on statistical analysis, the cases related to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) fires caused by the stove, are repeated every year. There is no fire prevention system in the house, usually in the kitchen, applied as a safety and prevention measure to prevent fire. Therefore, this quantitative study aims to develop a prototype of the kitchen fire prevention system using the Global System for Mobile (GSM) modem to reduce the risk of fire in the living room caused by the kitchen appliances. The development of this project refers to the five steps in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method which is needs analysis, design, implementation, testing, and evaluation. The results show that the prototype combines two types of sensors namely MQ135, and LM35, where it works simultaneously in two conditions. Under "Reminder 1", when the MQ135 detects smoke above 100 while LM35 exceeds 40ºC, the Arduino Uno microcontroller directs the DC motor to turn off the kitchen valve automatically. Besides, GSM simultaneously sends the first warning message to the user. In the "Warning 2" state, when MQ135 detects smoke above 200 while LM35 is above 50ºC, GSM sends a second warning message. The findings of this study indicate that experts recommend improvements to use the 5V power supply from the AC / DC adapter. Overall, experts argue that the prototype design is clear and easy to understand and the prototype of the stove fire prevention system is suitable for development for safety and notification purposes.
{"title":"The kitchen fire prevention system using a global system for mobile","authors":"Rosnee Ahad, Nur Amani Lowe Mohd Shafiq Lowe, Mohamad Zaid Bin Mustafa, S. Sumarwati","doi":"10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.42830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21831/JEATECH.V2I2.42830","url":null,"abstract":"Fire is one of the disasters that cause property loss and casualties. Based on statistical analysis, the cases related to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) fires caused by the stove, are repeated every year. There is no fire prevention system in the house, usually in the kitchen, applied as a safety and prevention measure to prevent fire. Therefore, this quantitative study aims to develop a prototype of the kitchen fire prevention system using the Global System for Mobile (GSM) modem to reduce the risk of fire in the living room caused by the kitchen appliances. The development of this project refers to the five steps in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method which is needs analysis, design, implementation, testing, and evaluation. The results show that the prototype combines two types of sensors namely MQ135, and LM35, where it works simultaneously in two conditions. Under \"Reminder 1\", when the MQ135 detects smoke above 100 while LM35 exceeds 40ºC, the Arduino Uno microcontroller directs the DC motor to turn off the kitchen valve automatically. Besides, GSM simultaneously sends the first warning message to the user. In the \"Warning 2\" state, when MQ135 detects smoke above 200 while LM35 is above 50ºC, GSM sends a second warning message. The findings of this study indicate that experts recommend improvements to use the 5V power supply from the AC / DC adapter. Overall, experts argue that the prototype design is clear and easy to understand and the prototype of the stove fire prevention system is suitable for development for safety and notification purposes.","PeriodicalId":8524,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73553692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brazil began to explore its seas in the 60’s of the XX Century looking for petroleum. This journey began in the Northeast and the first oil field produced offshore was the Guaricema Field, in the State of Sergipe. During the 70’s, Petrobrás found oil in the Campos Basin, between the States of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, that became the most important oil province in Brazil until the discovery of the Pre-Salt province, in the Santos Basin. As these fields are producing for a long time, many of them are already completely depleted or their production is in way of to be not commercial anymore, and their facilities need to be decommissioned. This review of decommissioning practices of fixed offshore platforms carried out worldwide has focus on the removal of topside with special vessels designed for this purpose or with conventional methods (crane vessels + barge). It will show the benefits of using specialised heavy lift vessels to remove the topsides and move it to shore for dismantling / recycling / reuse / disposal. The cases for study were the successful decommissioning projects in the North Sea: Brent B/D, Valhall QP, Viking, Curlew, Eider A, Golden Eye and Leman, Iwaki-Oki, Halfweg Q1, Yme and Ninian North.
{"title":"Decommissioning Plans for Fixed Offshore Platforms: A Brief Revision","authors":"M. Pinheiro, P. R. Monteiro","doi":"10.24203/ajet.v9i3.6292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajet.v9i3.6292","url":null,"abstract":"Brazil began to explore its seas in the 60’s of the XX Century looking for petroleum. This journey began in the Northeast and the first oil field produced offshore was the Guaricema Field, in the State of Sergipe. During the 70’s, Petrobrás found oil in the Campos Basin, between the States of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, that became the most important oil province in Brazil until the discovery of the Pre-Salt province, in the Santos Basin. As these fields are producing for a long time, many of them are already completely depleted or their production is in way of to be not commercial anymore, and their facilities need to be decommissioned. This review of decommissioning practices of fixed offshore platforms carried out worldwide has focus on the removal of topside with special vessels designed for this purpose or with conventional methods (crane vessels + barge). It will show the benefits of using specialised heavy lift vessels to remove the topsides and move it to shore for dismantling / recycling / reuse / disposal. The cases for study were the successful decommissioning projects in the North Sea: Brent B/D, Valhall QP, Viking, Curlew, Eider A, Golden Eye and Leman, Iwaki-Oki, Halfweg Q1, Yme and Ninian North.","PeriodicalId":8524,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79836759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is rampant. The most troublesome part of this infection is the time between infection and onset and the infectiveness for several days even in the not-onset state. Therefore, a considerable number of infected persons with infectivity are left unchecked. Therefore, even if the infection status is simulated by the SIR equation or the like, the true values of the infection parameters and the true number of infected persons cannot be grasped. However, it is possible to observe the infection status, and the daily number of infected people and the cumulative number of infected people are announced. These numbers are not true values, but they reflect true values. It is impossible to grasp the true value only by the SIR equation, but it will be possible to estimate the true value by combining it with the observation equation. In short, the data assimilation framework is considered to be effective. We report this effectiveness because we were able to confirm this effectiveness from the numerical results.
{"title":"Solution of SIR Infection Equation Using Data Assimilation","authors":"H. Isshiki","doi":"10.24203/ajet.v9i3.6663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24203/ajet.v9i3.6663","url":null,"abstract":"The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is rampant. The most troublesome part of this infection is the time between infection and onset and the infectiveness for several days even in the not-onset state. Therefore, a considerable number of infected persons with infectivity are left unchecked. Therefore, even if the infection status is simulated by the SIR equation or the like, the true values of the infection parameters and the true number of infected persons cannot be grasped. However, it is possible to observe the infection status, and the daily number of infected people and the cumulative number of infected people are announced. These numbers are not true values, but they reflect true values. It is impossible to grasp the true value only by the SIR equation, but it will be possible to estimate the true value by combining it with the observation equation. In short, the data assimilation framework is considered to be effective. We report this effectiveness because we were able to confirm this effectiveness from the numerical results.","PeriodicalId":8524,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82578956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elephant dung is an excellent source of cellulosic fiber that is a basic requirement for paper making. But they contributed to very small percentage production of elephant dung. So, researchers are trying to find a new area of utilization of elephant dung fiber pulp as in reinforcement’s polymer composite. In this experiment element dung fiber pulp in the natural fiber component chemically treated with alkaline and soda AQ solution in this study, it has been aimed to use elephant dung fiber pulp in composite material and to study mechanical properties of the produced material. The produced composite samples were then characterized using tensile test, Izod impact test, thickness test. The fracture surface of the polymer composite sample was also inspected with the help of SEM. The content of elephant dung fiber pulp is varied (35%, 45%, 55%) weight percentage whereas the epoxy resin is varied (50%, 40%, 30%) percentage is kept constant 15% in hardener. The entire sample has been tested in a universal testing machine as per ASTM standard for tensile strength and impact strength. It is observed that composite with 35% fiber pulp is having the highest tensile strength of 4mm 6.445 Mpa and 8mm 11.80 Mpa. The impact strength of composite with 35% fiber pulp washes highest than 45% to 55% dung fiber pulp. This produces composite sheet will be used for the surfboards, sporting goods, building panel this not only reduces the cost but also save from environmental pollution.
{"title":"Mechanical Properties for Elephant Dung and its Utilization as a Raw Material Composites Sheet: A Study","authors":"Rohith Kumar, Ramratan, Anupam Kumar, Rajinder Singh Smagh","doi":"10.51983/ajeat-2021.10.1.2720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2021.10.1.2720","url":null,"abstract":"Elephant dung is an excellent source of cellulosic fiber that is a basic requirement for paper making. But they contributed to very small percentage production of elephant dung. So, researchers are trying to find a new area of utilization of elephant dung fiber pulp as in reinforcement’s polymer composite. In this experiment element dung fiber pulp in the natural fiber component chemically treated with alkaline and soda AQ solution in this study, it has been aimed to use elephant dung fiber pulp in composite material and to study mechanical properties of the produced material. The produced composite samples were then characterized using tensile test, Izod impact test, thickness test. The fracture surface of the polymer composite sample was also inspected with the help of SEM. The content of elephant dung fiber pulp is varied (35%, 45%, 55%) weight percentage whereas the epoxy resin is varied (50%, 40%, 30%) percentage is kept constant 15% in hardener. The entire sample has been tested in a universal testing machine as per ASTM standard for tensile strength and impact strength. It is observed that composite with 35% fiber pulp is having the highest tensile strength of 4mm 6.445 Mpa and 8mm 11.80 Mpa. The impact strength of composite with 35% fiber pulp washes highest than 45% to 55% dung fiber pulp. This produces composite sheet will be used for the surfboards, sporting goods, building panel this not only reduces the cost but also save from environmental pollution.","PeriodicalId":8524,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73097873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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