Pub Date : 2022-04-09DOI: 10.9734/ajopacs/2022/v10i130149
Sokari S. A., Ononugbo C. P., Gbarato O. L.
In-situ measurement of background ionization radiation was carried out in coastal communities of Okrika Local Government Area. This field work was achieved with the use of Digilert 200 to record the background ionization radiation and global positioning system in taking the coordinates of the sampled Locations. The exposure rate ranged from 0.010 to 0.017 with a mean value of 0.0122+ 0.03, which is quite lower than the acceptable limit of 0.0133 . The absorbed dose varied from 85.70 nGy/h to 140.9 nGy/h with a mean value of 108.3+23.34 nGy/h. The mean value was a little higher than the world average of 89.0 nGy/h. The annual effective dose ranged from 0.13 mSv/y to 0.23 mSv/y with an overall mean of 0.1611+0.04 mSv/y. The overall mean value obtained was found to be lesser that the acceptable limit of 1.0 ms/y . The excess life cancer risk ranged from 0.47 x to 0.79 x with overall mean of 0.57+ 0.12 which is higher than the world average of 0.29 x . The study area is free from radiological hazards, even though there is no visible adverse effect on the populace, it is strongly recommended that companies and oil activities within the study area should be properly monitored to ensure that the populace and environment are free from radiological hazards, by ensuring that all forms of radiation exposure to both man and the environment should be kept as low as reasonably achievable.
{"title":"Radiological Health Risk from Gamma Radiation of Coastal Communities in Okrika Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Sokari S. A., Ononugbo C. P., Gbarato O. L.","doi":"10.9734/ajopacs/2022/v10i130149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2022/v10i130149","url":null,"abstract":"In-situ measurement of background ionization radiation was carried out in coastal communities of Okrika Local Government Area. This field work was achieved with the use of Digilert 200 to record the background ionization radiation and global positioning system in taking the coordinates of the sampled Locations. The exposure rate ranged from 0.010 to 0.017 with a mean value of 0.0122+ 0.03, which is quite lower than the acceptable limit of 0.0133 . The absorbed dose varied from 85.70 nGy/h to 140.9 nGy/h with a mean value of 108.3+23.34 nGy/h. The mean value was a little higher than the world average of 89.0 nGy/h. The annual effective dose ranged from 0.13 mSv/y to 0.23 mSv/y with an overall mean of 0.1611+0.04 mSv/y. The overall mean value obtained was found to be lesser that the acceptable limit of 1.0 ms/y . The excess life cancer risk ranged from 0.47 x to 0.79 x with overall mean of 0.57+ 0.12 which is higher than the world average of 0.29 x . The study area is free from radiological hazards, even though there is no visible adverse effect on the populace, it is strongly recommended that companies and oil activities within the study area should be properly monitored to ensure that the populace and environment are free from radiological hazards, by ensuring that all forms of radiation exposure to both man and the environment should be kept as low as reasonably achievable.","PeriodicalId":8541,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","volume":"243 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75784728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.9734/ajopacs/2022/v10i130148
M. F. Neves, J. R. Fonseca, P. Carvalho, A. C. Pereira, E. H. P. Polisel, S. M. P. Pröglhöf, L. B. Sant´Anna, M. O. Lima, E. Arisawa
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Amniotic Membrane application in rats with Spinal Cord Injury induced by transverse hemisection using kinematic analysis and Sciatic Functional Index. Study design: True experimental research design. Place and Duration of Study: Instiuto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D) of Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), between September 2016 and December 2017. Methodology: Fifteen adult male rats were used, allocated into three equal groups: Control (the spinal cord injury and Amniotic Membrane application were simulated), Lesion (spinal cord injury not treated), Amniotic membrane (spinal cord injury treated by amniotic membrane). All animals underwent surgical procedures. A transverse hemisection was performed in groups Lesion and Amniotic Membrene. A fragment of the biomaterial was applied in group AM covering the hemisection area. Results: Sciatic Functional Index and motion analysis were performed by comparing images taken at pre- and postoperative time at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The kinematic analysis showed a significant difference between groups Control and Lesion at 7 days (p = 0.023) and 14 days (p = 0.015), and between groups Lesion and Amniotic Membrane at 14 days (p = 0.039), comparing the postoperative periods. The Sciatic Functional Index revealed significant differences between Groups Control and Lesion at 7 (p = -0.002), 14 (p = 0.003), and 21 days (p = 0.009), between Groups Control and Amniotic Membrane at 7 (p = 0.014), 14 (p = 0.007), and 28 days (p = 0; 013), and between Groups Lesion and Amniotic Membrane only at 14 days (p = 0.039). Conclusion: Application of amniotic membrane in spinal cord hemisection in rats induced gait recovery and improvement in SFI compared to the untreated group.
{"title":"Analysis of Movements in Spinal Cord Hemisection Treatment with Amniotic Membrane – Preclinical Study","authors":"M. F. Neves, J. R. Fonseca, P. Carvalho, A. C. Pereira, E. H. P. Polisel, S. M. P. Pröglhöf, L. B. Sant´Anna, M. O. Lima, E. Arisawa","doi":"10.9734/ajopacs/2022/v10i130148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2022/v10i130148","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Amniotic Membrane application in rats with Spinal Cord Injury induced by transverse hemisection using kinematic analysis and Sciatic Functional Index. \u0000Study design: True experimental research design. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Instiuto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D) of Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), between September 2016 and December 2017. \u0000Methodology: Fifteen adult male rats were used, allocated into three equal groups: Control (the spinal cord injury and Amniotic Membrane application were simulated), Lesion (spinal cord injury not treated), Amniotic membrane (spinal cord injury treated by amniotic membrane). All animals underwent surgical procedures. A transverse hemisection was performed in groups Lesion and Amniotic Membrene. A fragment of the biomaterial was applied in group AM covering the hemisection area. \u0000Results: Sciatic Functional Index and motion analysis were performed by comparing images taken at pre- and postoperative time at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The kinematic analysis showed a significant difference between groups Control and Lesion at 7 days (p = 0.023) and 14 days (p = 0.015), and between groups Lesion and Amniotic Membrane at 14 days (p = 0.039), comparing the postoperative periods. The Sciatic Functional Index revealed significant differences between Groups Control and Lesion at 7 (p = -0.002), 14 (p = 0.003), and 21 days (p = 0.009), between Groups Control and Amniotic Membrane at 7 (p = 0.014), 14 (p = 0.007), and 28 days (p = 0; 013), and between Groups Lesion and Amniotic Membrane only at 14 days (p = 0.039). \u0000Conclusion: Application of amniotic membrane in spinal cord hemisection in rats induced gait recovery and improvement in SFI compared to the untreated group.","PeriodicalId":8541,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84674889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.9734/ajopacs/2022/v10i130147
Veronica Nnenna Nwobasi, Philomena K. Igbokwe, C. Onu
In this study, Box-Behnken”s Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to study the esterification reaction effectiveness of acid activated Ngbo clay catalyst. The esterification were monitored based on the process conditions of temperature, duration, amount of reactant, catalyst weight and particle size. The Box--Behnken’s Response Surface Methodology indicates that the acid clay-catalysed esterification reactions proceed through dual mechanisms of Acid-complex and Alcohol-complex mechanisms with the Alcohol mechanism dominating. The esterification efficiencies of acetic acid and ethanol by acid activated Ngbo clay catalyst optimized using RSM models indicated the estimated esterification percentage of ˃99%. The predicted and experimental values under the same conditions showed less than 5% difference thereby making the Box-Behnken design approach an efficient, effective and reliable method for the esterification of acetic acid with ethanol. The produced catalyst was optimized using A-One way ANOVA modelling, which indicated correlation coefficient of the regression of 0.9940, which implies that 99.40% of the total variation in the esterification reaction was attributed to the experimental variables. The result obtained indicated that the process could be applied in the esterification of acetic acid to avoid the drawbacks of corrosion, loss of catalyst and environmental problems.
本研究采用Box-Behnken响应面法(RSM)研究了酸活化的Ngbo粘土催化剂的酯化反应效果。根据反应温度、反应时间、反应物用量、催化剂重量和粒径等工艺条件对酯化过程进行了监测。Box- Behnken响应面方法表明，酸粘土催化的酯化反应通过酸-配合物和醇-配合物的双重机制进行，其中醇机制占主导地位。采用RSM模型对酸活化Ngbo粘土催化剂对乙酸和乙醇的酯化效率进行优化，估计酯化率为99%。在相同条件下，预测值与实验值相差小于5%，因此Box-Behnken设计方法是一种高效、有效、可靠的醋酸与乙醇酯化反应方法。采用A-One - way ANOVA模型对所得催化剂进行优化，结果表明相关系数为0.9940，表明酯化反应的总变化有99.40%归因于实验变量。结果表明，该工艺可用于醋酸酯化反应，避免了酯化反应中存在的腐蚀、催化剂损耗和环境问题。
{"title":"Optimization of Acid Activated Ngbo Clay Catalysts in Esterification Reaction Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Veronica Nnenna Nwobasi, Philomena K. Igbokwe, C. Onu","doi":"10.9734/ajopacs/2022/v10i130147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2022/v10i130147","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Box-Behnken”s Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to study the esterification reaction effectiveness of acid activated Ngbo clay catalyst. The esterification were monitored based on the process conditions of temperature, duration, amount of reactant, catalyst weight and particle size. The Box--Behnken’s Response Surface Methodology indicates that the acid clay-catalysed esterification reactions proceed through dual mechanisms of Acid-complex and Alcohol-complex mechanisms with the Alcohol mechanism dominating. The esterification efficiencies of acetic acid and ethanol by acid activated Ngbo clay catalyst optimized using RSM models indicated the estimated esterification percentage of ˃99%. The predicted and experimental values under the same conditions showed less than 5% difference thereby making the Box-Behnken design approach an efficient, effective and reliable method for the esterification of acetic acid with ethanol. The produced catalyst was optimized using A-One way ANOVA modelling, which indicated correlation coefficient of the regression of 0.9940, which implies that 99.40% of the total variation in the esterification reaction was attributed to the experimental variables. The result obtained indicated that the process could be applied in the esterification of acetic acid to avoid the drawbacks of corrosion, loss of catalyst and environmental problems.","PeriodicalId":8541,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84240196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.9734/ajopacs/2022/v10i130146
M. Bechiri
This paper presents a numerical solution of the nonlinear differential equation governing the non-sinusoidal oscillatory motion for the large angle period of a simple pendulum. The numerical method is based on the discretization of motion equation according to an explicit finite difference scheme. Also, an approximation formula giving the period on the large oscillations amplitude is developed and compared with the numerical model. The results showed a good agreement with a deviation less than 0.063%. The simple pendulum consists of a point mass attached to a massless and inextensible wire that is fixed at the upper end. The oscillations period value is calculated with a precision order of the one-tenth of the millisecond. The approximation formula developed in this work is simple, flexible and more accurate than other formula available in literature.
{"title":"A New Accurate Formula for the Large-angle Period of a Simple Pendulum","authors":"M. Bechiri","doi":"10.9734/ajopacs/2022/v10i130146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2022/v10i130146","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a numerical solution of the nonlinear differential equation governing the non-sinusoidal oscillatory motion for the large angle period of a simple pendulum. The numerical method is based on the discretization of motion equation according to an explicit finite difference scheme. Also, an approximation formula giving the period on the large oscillations amplitude is developed and compared with the numerical model. The results showed a good agreement with a deviation less than 0.063%. The simple pendulum consists of a point mass attached to a massless and inextensible wire that is fixed at the upper end. The oscillations period value is calculated with a precision order of the one-tenth of the millisecond. The approximation formula developed in this work is simple, flexible and more accurate than other formula available in literature.","PeriodicalId":8541,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","volume":"22 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82915959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430145
P. Kaya, C. Su, A. Bacıoğlu, S. D. Gür, S. Bayari, B. Lian, U. Jeng, S. Ide
Aims: Polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMQS) is a silicone derivative that serves as a skin conditioning agent and moisturizer in cosmetics. The objective of this study is to identify the effect of different concentrations PMSQ (0.12, 0.20 and 0.35 wt %) on liquid foundation (LF) and find the optimized composition in vitro. Study Design: Structural and morphological features of the examined nano/micro-sized samples were investigated by different methods. Place and Duration of Study: Hacettepe University, Department of Physics Engineering, X-Rays Laboratory, between September 2017 and September 2019. Methodology: Micro/nano scale structural and morphological properties of samples were investigated by means of a multi-methodological approach based on Small‐ and/or Wide‐Angle X‐ray Scattering (SWAXS), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy and UV-vis Spectroscopy. The LF (control) and PMSQ-LF films at one-week intervals for 4 weeks, and bovine leather coated samples with LF and PMSQ-LF were also investigated by SWAXS. The effect of PMSQ on biofilm formation activity in E. coli and S. aureus were also examined. Results: The most significant finding of this study is that even the low concentration of polymer in LF showed differences in nano structure and it was found that a decrease in biofilm formation. Nano formation becomes more pronounced, and the number of agglomerations decreases after 4 weeks. The reason for the study over a 4-week period was the desire to take into account the independent effect of each LF use, as well as the periodic stacking and diffusing effect that will occur in the depths of the skin over time. In the UVA range (320-400 nm) lower transmittance values were found for LF and PMSQ - LF films. Conclusion: The results suggest that optimum polymer concentration in liquid foundation should be considered as a main step. The smart and systematic use of polymer additives is directly manifested in the nanoscopic structure and can improve the harmful UV rays prevention properties, which are important for health as well as cosmetic effects for beauty purposes.
{"title":"The Effect of Polymethylsilsesquioxane Concentration on the Liquid Foundation: Characterization of Nanostructure and Biophysical Properties","authors":"P. Kaya, C. Su, A. Bacıoğlu, S. D. Gür, S. Bayari, B. Lian, U. Jeng, S. Ide","doi":"10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430145","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMQS) is a silicone derivative that serves as a skin conditioning agent and moisturizer in cosmetics. The objective of this study is to identify the effect of different concentrations PMSQ (0.12, 0.20 and 0.35 wt %) on liquid foundation (LF) and find the optimized composition in vitro. \u0000Study Design: Structural and morphological features of the examined nano/micro-sized samples were investigated by different methods. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Hacettepe University, Department of Physics Engineering, X-Rays Laboratory, between September 2017 and September 2019. \u0000Methodology: Micro/nano scale structural and morphological properties of samples were investigated by means of a multi-methodological approach based on Small‐ and/or Wide‐Angle X‐ray Scattering (SWAXS), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy and UV-vis Spectroscopy. The LF (control) and PMSQ-LF films at one-week intervals for 4 weeks, and bovine leather coated samples with LF and PMSQ-LF were also investigated by SWAXS. The effect of PMSQ on biofilm formation activity in E. coli and S. aureus were also examined. \u0000Results: The most significant finding of this study is that even the low concentration of polymer in LF showed differences in nano structure and it was found that a decrease in biofilm formation. Nano formation becomes more pronounced, and the number of agglomerations decreases after 4 weeks. The reason for the study over a 4-week period was the desire to take into account the independent effect of each LF use, as well as the periodic stacking and diffusing effect that will occur in the depths of the skin over time. In the UVA range (320-400 nm) lower transmittance values were found for LF and PMSQ - LF films. \u0000Conclusion: The results suggest that optimum polymer concentration in liquid foundation should be considered as a main step. The smart and systematic use of polymer additives is directly manifested in the nanoscopic structure and can improve the harmful UV rays prevention properties, which are important for health as well as cosmetic effects for beauty purposes.","PeriodicalId":8541,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88594443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430144
Agha Inya Inya, Ibezim Ezeani Millicent Uzoamaka, O. Chidi
One of the naturally abundant minerals with diverse industrial applications is the clay mineral. The choice of application depends on the characteristics of the clay. In this study, internal composition of the large and untapped Ogwuta clay deposit located in Afikpo, South Eastern Nigeria was further investigated as a guide to its applications. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric (TG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to access its composition. The scanning electron micrograph revealed that the clumping of the clay particles was due to edge-to-edge, edge-to-face or face-to-face flocculation. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that at temperature range of 153-325°C, the observed weight percent loss (13.67%), consistent with kaolinitic clays, was due to the removal of water of crystallization of the interlayer cations. X-ray diffraction result further revealed kaolinite as the predominant mineral with the presence of quartz and polygorskite. This study has revealed the applicability of Ogwuta source clay in both industrial and manufacturing activities.
{"title":"Characterization of Ogwuta Source Clay Using Advanced Analytical Tools","authors":"Agha Inya Inya, Ibezim Ezeani Millicent Uzoamaka, O. Chidi","doi":"10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430144","url":null,"abstract":"One of the naturally abundant minerals with diverse industrial applications is the clay mineral. The choice of application depends on the characteristics of the clay. In this study, internal composition of the large and untapped Ogwuta clay deposit located in Afikpo, South Eastern Nigeria was further investigated as a guide to its applications. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric (TG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to access its composition. The scanning electron micrograph revealed that the clumping of the clay particles was due to edge-to-edge, edge-to-face or face-to-face flocculation. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that at temperature range of 153-325°C, the observed weight percent loss (13.67%), consistent with kaolinitic clays, was due to the removal of water of crystallization of the interlayer cations. X-ray diffraction result further revealed kaolinite as the predominant mineral with the presence of quartz and polygorskite. \u0000This study has revealed the applicability of Ogwuta source clay in both industrial and manufacturing activities.","PeriodicalId":8541,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81282348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430143
S. L. Gbarakoro, J. Konne
Aim: This research work aimed to determine the concentrations of some heavy and precious metals from printed circuit board (PCB) of a television set using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in order to identify elements with higher concentration as target source of raw materials for metal recovery. Study Design: Grab sampling technique was applied in this study. The study area was a refuse dumb site at computer village Ogbunabali, Port Harcourt. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at computer village Ogbunabali, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria between 2020 and 2021. Methodology: The metal fractions attached to the PCB were subjected to mechanical separation, placed inside a 75ml Kjeldahl flask and thereafter digested with a 20ml nitric acid (HNO3). The prepared sample was filtered, then made up to 100ml using distilled water and analysed using AAS (Shimadzu model AA6300). Results: The results showed the presence of some heavy metals such as: (Fe,0.0644mg/l, Pb, 0.0732mg/l, Cu,0.0627mg/l, Ni, 0.1076mg/l and Cd, 0.0001mg/l) in higher concentrations (apart from Cd) than the precious metals (Au, 0.0297mg/l, Pd, 0.0042mg/l, Ag, 0.0316mg/l and Li, 0.0019mg/l). This confirmed that the PCB which is an electronic waste was largely made up of heavy and precious metals. Conclusion: Metals can be determined effectively from electronic waste using HNO3 and AAS. It is therefore, recommended that proper recycling methods should be put in place in order to reduce the pollution caused by these electronic wastes.
{"title":"Determination of Some Heavy and Precious Metals from Printed Circuit Board (PCB) from a Television Set by Atomic Absorption Spectrophometer","authors":"S. L. Gbarakoro, J. Konne","doi":"10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430143","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This research work aimed to determine the concentrations of some heavy and precious metals from printed circuit board (PCB) of a television set using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in order to identify elements with higher concentration as target source of raw materials for metal recovery. \u0000Study Design: Grab sampling technique was applied in this study. The study area was a refuse dumb site at computer village Ogbunabali, Port Harcourt. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at computer village Ogbunabali, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria between 2020 and 2021. \u0000Methodology: The metal fractions attached to the PCB were subjected to mechanical separation, placed inside a 75ml Kjeldahl flask and thereafter digested with a 20ml nitric acid (HNO3). The prepared sample was filtered, then made up to 100ml using distilled water and analysed using AAS (Shimadzu model AA6300). \u0000Results: The results showed the presence of some heavy metals such as: (Fe,0.0644mg/l, Pb, 0.0732mg/l, Cu,0.0627mg/l, Ni, 0.1076mg/l and Cd, 0.0001mg/l) in higher concentrations (apart from Cd) than the precious metals (Au, 0.0297mg/l, Pd, 0.0042mg/l, Ag, 0.0316mg/l and Li, 0.0019mg/l). This confirmed that the PCB which is an electronic waste was largely made up of heavy and precious metals. \u0000Conclusion: Metals can be determined effectively from electronic waste using HNO3 and AAS. It is therefore, recommended that proper recycling methods should be put in place in order to reduce the pollution caused by these electronic wastes.","PeriodicalId":8541,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80395625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-18DOI: 10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430142
Arpitha Kumari, G. Sanjeev, Boja Poojari, P. Soumya
A heterocyclic organic compound of 3-[(2z)-2-methyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl) prop-2-enoyl]-2H-(1-benzopyran-2-one) (MNB) is synthesized using Claisen-Schmidth condensation reaction. Structural characterization and presence of functional groups are carried out using powder X-ray diffractogram and FTIR spectroscopic studies respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis are carried out to determine the melting property and it shows good thermal stability among organic crystal showing result at 166°C. Second Harmonic Generation efficiency study is carried out using Nd: YAG laser, this revealed that titled compound is good for NLO characterization and applicable in optoelectronics. PL wavelength present in visible region conclude that sample shows fluorescence property.
{"title":"Structural, Optical and Thermal Characterization of Synthesised Heterocyclic Organic Compound","authors":"Arpitha Kumari, G. Sanjeev, Boja Poojari, P. Soumya","doi":"10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430142","url":null,"abstract":"A heterocyclic organic compound of 3-[(2z)-2-methyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl) prop-2-enoyl]-2H-(1-benzopyran-2-one) (MNB) is synthesized using Claisen-Schmidth condensation reaction. Structural characterization and presence of functional groups are carried out using powder X-ray diffractogram and FTIR spectroscopic studies respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis are carried out to determine the melting property and it shows good thermal stability among organic crystal showing result at 166°C. Second Harmonic Generation efficiency study is carried out using Nd: YAG laser, this revealed that titled compound is good for NLO characterization and applicable in optoelectronics. PL wavelength present in visible region conclude that sample shows fluorescence property.","PeriodicalId":8541,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90398332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430141
C. Mgbeokwere, C. Ononugbo, A. Bubu
Background ionizing radiation around Lead/Zinc mining sites at Ishiagu, Ebonyi State was carried out using appropriate equipment. The background ionizing radiation of the environment was determined by measuring the radiation exposure rates using Radalert-200 and Geographical Positioning System (GPS). Radiological health parameters and effective dose to different organs of the body was estimated. The average exposure rate of 0.00017mSv/h (0.017mR/h) measured was relatively higher than the world acceptable value of 0.00013mSv/h (0.013mR/h ). All the radiological risk parameters estimated are relatively high. The result of this work shows that the mining µactivities have enhanced the radiation level of Ishiagu and health status of the populace.
{"title":"Teresterial Background Ionizing Radiation around Lead/Zinc Mining Site in Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"C. Mgbeokwere, C. Ononugbo, A. Bubu","doi":"10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i430141","url":null,"abstract":"Background ionizing radiation around Lead/Zinc mining sites at Ishiagu, Ebonyi State was carried out using appropriate equipment. The background ionizing radiation of the environment was determined by measuring the radiation exposure rates using Radalert-200 and Geographical Positioning System (GPS). Radiological health parameters and effective dose to different organs of the body was estimated. The average exposure rate of 0.00017mSv/h (0.017mR/h) measured was relatively higher than the world acceptable value of 0.00013mSv/h (0.013mR/h ). All the radiological risk parameters estimated are relatively high. The result of this work shows that the mining µactivities have enhanced the radiation level of Ishiagu and health status of the populace.","PeriodicalId":8541,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87524841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i330140
Nandiguim Lamaï, D. Allassem, A. M. Nanimina, Djimako Bongo, Togdjim Jonas
In this work, we discuss the magneto-optical properties according to the orientation of 15nm-sized cobalt ferrite blocked in a silica matrix in comparison to the study done on 20nm-sized cobalt ferrite. This measurement shows that it is possible to increase the remanence of the Faraday effect by creating a magnetic orientation in the solid matrix, which is interesting for the production of self-polarized components. In addition, this remanence is greater for 15 nm than for 20 nm.A gelation field applied perpendicular to the plane of the layer therefore produces a preferential orientation of the magnetic moments in the direction of the field applied during the measurement.
{"title":"Impact of Magneto-optical Properties Depending on the Orientation in the Plane of Cobalt Ferrite Locked in a Silica Matrix","authors":"Nandiguim Lamaï, D. Allassem, A. M. Nanimina, Djimako Bongo, Togdjim Jonas","doi":"10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i330140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i330140","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we discuss the magneto-optical properties according to the orientation of 15nm-sized cobalt ferrite blocked in a silica matrix in comparison to the study done on 20nm-sized cobalt ferrite. This measurement shows that it is possible to increase the remanence of the Faraday effect by creating a magnetic orientation in the solid matrix, which is interesting for the production of self-polarized components. In addition, this remanence is greater for 15 nm than for 20 nm.A gelation field applied perpendicular to the plane of the layer therefore produces a preferential orientation of the magnetic moments in the direction of the field applied during the measurement.","PeriodicalId":8541,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90613597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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