Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4219
L. Aba-toumnou, R. Reo-Ndouba, Félix Allah-Barem, Jephté Juste Kaïne, G. Touckia, Augustin Doukofiona, Dieudonné Stève Mbenda, I. Zinga, S. Semballa, Joseph Antoine Bell
Productivity of Maize in Central African Republic (CAR) is further reduced by the invasion of Fall Armyworm. The use of developing genetic resistance in maize against the pest remains under-explored. This present study was conducted to determine the effects of radiation on maize growth and development. The test with diffrents doses of irradiation (Controls, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy) was performed on three varieties (CMS85 01, CMS-20 19 and CMS87 04) of maize and on the local ecotype of CAR. The effect of varieties and differences doses on the growth parameters (plant survival, number of leaves, length of leaves, larger of leaves, Plant height diameter of collet,) and yield parameters (number of cobs, number of rows per cob, numbers of grain par cob) was performed using ANOVA 2 with R software version 3.1.3. The Shapiro-Wilk test to normalize the data and and differences tests using a significance level of 0.05. The Principal Analysis of Component was used to analyse the relationships between the growth parameters and yield parameters of in different treatments. Few number of leaves are observed from local ecotypes than the all varieties, fellowing by CMS 2019 with exception from dose 400 Gy. The two others varieties respectfully CMS 8501 et CMS 8704 have sensibly equal number of leaves. Statistically, the significant difference (P-value= 4.363e-05) was observed between differentes varieties according the differentes doses of iradiation (P-value= 6.665e-16). The height from differentes varieties according the differentes doses are equal, exception the dose 400Gy of CMS 2019. Statistically, the difference observe dis not significative. But, the height of 400 Gy from the variety CMS 2019 is less important than the rest of doses from others varieties. The most less quantity of grains (228) was obtained from the CMS 2019 variety at 400Gy and the most important quantity (2040) from the same variety at 300 Gy. produced the most less number of rows per cob. The CMS 8704 variety at 100 Gy produced the most important number of rows per cob. Statistically, there is the significant difference according to the maize varieties (P-valu= 0.0014874) and the differentes doses of iradiation (P-value= 0.865586).
{"title":"Agro-morphological Performances of M3 Generation of Irradied Maize in Central African Republic","authors":"L. Aba-toumnou, R. Reo-Ndouba, Félix Allah-Barem, Jephté Juste Kaïne, G. Touckia, Augustin Doukofiona, Dieudonné Stève Mbenda, I. Zinga, S. Semballa, Joseph Antoine Bell","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4219","url":null,"abstract":"Productivity of Maize in Central African Republic (CAR) is further reduced by the invasion of Fall Armyworm. The use of developing genetic resistance in maize against the pest remains under-explored. This present study was conducted to determine the effects of radiation on maize growth and development. The test with diffrents doses of irradiation (Controls, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy) was performed on three varieties (CMS85 01, CMS-20 19 and CMS87 04) of maize and on the local ecotype of CAR. \u0000The effect of varieties and differences doses on the growth parameters (plant survival, number of leaves, length of leaves, larger of leaves, Plant height diameter of collet,) and yield parameters (number of cobs, number of rows per cob, numbers of grain par cob) was performed using ANOVA 2 with R software version 3.1.3. The Shapiro-Wilk test to normalize the data and and differences tests using a significance level of 0.05. The Principal Analysis of Component was used to analyse the relationships between the growth parameters and yield parameters of in different treatments. \u0000Few number of leaves are observed from local ecotypes than the all varieties, fellowing by CMS 2019 with exception from dose 400 Gy. The two others varieties respectfully CMS 8501 et CMS 8704 have sensibly equal number of leaves. Statistically, the significant difference (P-value= 4.363e-05) was observed between differentes varieties according the differentes doses of iradiation (P-value= 6.665e-16). \u0000The height from differentes varieties according the differentes doses are equal, exception the dose 400Gy of CMS 2019. Statistically, the difference observe dis not significative. But, the height of 400 Gy from the variety CMS 2019 is less important than the rest of doses from others varieties. \u0000The most less quantity of grains (228) was obtained from the CMS 2019 variety at 400Gy and the most important quantity (2040) from the same variety at 300 Gy. produced the most less number of rows per cob. The CMS 8704 variety at 100 Gy produced the most important number of rows per cob. \u0000Statistically, there is the significant difference according to the maize varieties (P-valu= 0.0014874) and the differentes doses of iradiation (P-value= 0.865586).","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84783145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yamazakia pusilla has been collected from Jamtara Forest Division, Jamtara, Jharkhand. Earlier, it was known as Lindernia pusilla. Very less studies and reports are available on it from Jharkhand state. In the initial observation and literature review, it appeared that it might be a new addition from the genus Lindernia to the floral wealth of Jharkhand state, but the e-flora of the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) has listed its synonyms. It is an unexplored plant of Jharkhand state and less idea about its identification, habitat, ecological significance and uses. Therefore, keeping this in mind, a taxonomic note, habitat and uses are presented here along with photographs for easy identification in the field. Plant is identified using flowers and published literature. The communication highlights the importance of exploration works for highlighting the unexplored species of Jharkhand state from Jamtara Forest Division, Jamtara.
{"title":"A note on Yamazakia pusilla (Willd.) from Jamtara Forest Division, Jamtara, Jharkhand, India","authors":"Sweta Mishra, Bankar Ajinkya Devidas, Sanjeet Kumar","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4218","url":null,"abstract":"Yamazakia pusilla has been collected from Jamtara Forest Division, Jamtara, Jharkhand. Earlier, it was known as Lindernia pusilla. Very less studies and reports are available on it from Jharkhand state. In the initial observation and literature review, it appeared that it might be a new addition from the genus Lindernia to the floral wealth of Jharkhand state, but the e-flora of the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) has listed its synonyms. It is an unexplored plant of Jharkhand state and less idea about its identification, habitat, ecological significance and uses. Therefore, keeping this in mind, a taxonomic note, habitat and uses are presented here along with photographs for easy identification in the field. Plant is identified using flowers and published literature. The communication highlights the importance of exploration works for highlighting the unexplored species of Jharkhand state from Jamtara Forest Division, Jamtara.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74973665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4217
A. Sultana, S. Y. Anwar, Md. Manazzir Hussain
Alloxan was one of the usual substances used for the induction of diabetes mellitus. It has a destructive effect on the β cells of the pancreas. Glibenclamide was an oral sulphonylurea antidiabetic preparation and widely used as standard drug in antidiabetic study. In the hypoglycaemic study of C. tinctorius L. petals extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats, significant increase in serum fasting blood glucose level with decrease in body weight were observed. On the other hand, petals extract treatment to animals produced a dose related hypoglycaemic effects. The increased blood glucose level was brought down and gain in body weight was seen. Alloxan effectively induced diabetes in normal rats that are reflected by elevated levels of blood glucose, glycosylated Hb and reduced levels of body weight, liver, pancreas and kidney glycogen, insulin of the injected animals. Treatment with standard drug glibenclamide and methanolic and aqueous extracts of C. tinctorius L. petals reversed these conditions. While comparing plant extracts for antidiabetic study, aqueous extract of C. tinctorius L. petals showed better activity than the methanolic extract. Decrease in glycogen content of liver, pancreas and kidney were in diabetic control rats were due to the leakage of insulin in diabetic state. Prevention of glycogen depletion in the liver following administration of petals extract and standard drug could have been achieved by stimulation of insulin release. The highest improvement was recorded in 600 mg/kg b.w. dosage of C. tinctorius L. (petals).
{"title":"Evaluation of Anti-diabetic Activity of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of C. tinctorius L. (Safflower Florets)","authors":"A. Sultana, S. Y. Anwar, Md. Manazzir Hussain","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4217","url":null,"abstract":"Alloxan was one of the usual substances used for the induction of diabetes mellitus. It has a destructive effect on the β cells of the pancreas. Glibenclamide was an oral sulphonylurea antidiabetic preparation and widely used as standard drug in antidiabetic study. In the hypoglycaemic study of C. tinctorius L. petals extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats, significant increase in serum fasting blood glucose level with decrease in body weight were observed. On the other hand, petals extract treatment to animals produced a dose related hypoglycaemic effects. The increased blood glucose level was brought down and gain in body weight was seen. \u0000Alloxan effectively induced diabetes in normal rats that are reflected by elevated levels of blood glucose, glycosylated Hb and reduced levels of body weight, liver, pancreas and kidney glycogen, insulin of the injected animals. Treatment with standard drug glibenclamide and methanolic and aqueous extracts of C. tinctorius L. petals reversed these conditions. While comparing plant extracts for antidiabetic study, aqueous extract of C. tinctorius L. petals showed better activity than the methanolic extract. Decrease in glycogen content of liver, pancreas and kidney were in diabetic control rats were due to the leakage of insulin in diabetic state. Prevention of glycogen depletion in the liver following administration of petals extract and standard drug could have been achieved by stimulation of insulin release. The highest improvement was recorded in 600 mg/kg b.w. dosage of C. tinctorius L. (petals).","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74062433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4215
E. I. Sussan, E. C. Chinwe, I. A. Amara, A. W. Chibuzo
The fluted pumpkin Telfairia occidentalis (Hook F.) is a very important vegetable, popularly cultivated in South Eastern Nigeria for its economic value and its role in nutrition. It exhibits a high degree of interspecies variability and as such enhances biodiversity. Twenty landraces of fluted pumpkin were collected from five States in southern Nigeria which include; Anambra, Ogun, Lagos, Ondo and Enugu State. The landraces were grown in the Botanical Garden of Lagos State University, Ojo during the rainy season of 2013 for phenotypic screening to determine genetic divergence. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Genetic characterization was conducted in the biotech lab of the national institute of medical research (NIMER). The genomic DNA was extracted from the samples and extracted DNA samples were amplified through the PCR techniques using four primers (RAPD – 01, OPR-02, OPC – 04 and SCAR-1 primer) to access diversity among the genotypes. The result reveals a huge genetic divergence among the genotypes studied. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters based on a 2.0(20%) level of similarity by single linkage cluster analysis, which agrees with morphological data, each containing fluted pumpkin genotypes sharing common properties and being similar to one another.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Fluted Pumpkin Landraces in South East Nigeria","authors":"E. I. Sussan, E. C. Chinwe, I. A. Amara, A. W. Chibuzo","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4215","url":null,"abstract":"The fluted pumpkin Telfairia occidentalis (Hook F.) is a very important vegetable, popularly cultivated in South Eastern Nigeria for its economic value and its role in nutrition. It exhibits a high degree of interspecies variability and as such enhances biodiversity. Twenty landraces of fluted pumpkin were collected from five States in southern Nigeria which include; Anambra, Ogun, Lagos, Ondo and Enugu State. The landraces were grown in the Botanical Garden of Lagos State University, Ojo during the rainy season of 2013 for phenotypic screening to determine genetic divergence. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Genetic characterization was conducted in the biotech lab of the national institute of medical research (NIMER). The genomic DNA was extracted from the samples and extracted DNA samples were amplified through the PCR techniques using four primers (RAPD – 01, OPR-02, OPC – 04 and SCAR-1 primer) to access diversity among the genotypes. The result reveals a huge genetic divergence among the genotypes studied. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters based on a 2.0(20%) level of similarity by single linkage cluster analysis, which agrees with morphological data, each containing fluted pumpkin genotypes sharing common properties and being similar to one another.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82051324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4216
D. Peiris, D. Fernando, S. Senadeera, C. B. Ranaweera
Sri Lankans have relied on traditional medicine to meet their primary health needs since the beginning of time. This island is blessed with an enormous number of medicinal plants, which play a very important role in traditional medicine. However, the lengthy documented history of traditional medicine is still composed of medicinal plants, which are not scientifically proven to have the mentioned abilities or activities. To obtain scientifically sound information from this documented history of traditional medicine, extraction of the biologically active compounds from these medicinal plants is very important. Also, to maintain the accuracy of results obtained from in vitro and in vivo assays, it is important to consider the pre-extraction procedures as well as the evaporation and storage conditions of the extract. There are several extraction methods accessible in Sri Lanka. This research aims to review the pre-extraction preparation, extraction methods, evaporation techniques, and storage conditions of the plant extract. This review highlights that the reliability of phytochemical screening results is affected by the identification and authentication of the plant, pre-extraction procedures, menstruum utilized, method of extraction, and storage conditions.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening for Medicinal Plants: Guide for Extraction Methods","authors":"D. Peiris, D. Fernando, S. Senadeera, C. B. Ranaweera","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i4216","url":null,"abstract":"Sri Lankans have relied on traditional medicine to meet their primary health needs since the beginning of time. This island is blessed with an enormous number of medicinal plants, which play a very important role in traditional medicine. However, the lengthy documented history of traditional medicine is still composed of medicinal plants, which are not scientifically proven to have the mentioned abilities or activities. To obtain scientifically sound information from this documented history of traditional medicine, extraction of the biologically active compounds from these medicinal plants is very important. Also, to maintain the accuracy of results obtained from in vitro and in vivo assays, it is important to consider the pre-extraction procedures as well as the evaporation and storage conditions of the extract. There are several extraction methods accessible in Sri Lanka. This research aims to review the pre-extraction preparation, extraction methods, evaporation techniques, and storage conditions of the plant extract. This review highlights that the reliability of phytochemical screening results is affected by the identification and authentication of the plant, pre-extraction procedures, menstruum utilized, method of extraction, and storage conditions.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79836418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i3214
A. M. Trujillo-López, Yeison Londoño-Echeverri
Six new or noteworthy records of Angiosperms from Colombia are presented based in herbarium specimens from the Chocó department in Colombia. Four are first records for the country, one is the first record for the Chocó department and one is the most recent record after 28 years of an endemic species to the Chocó Biogeographical region in Colombia. Cynometra dwyerii (Fabaceae), Pouteria fossicola (Sapotaceae) and Tachigali panamensis (Fabaceae) were heretofore known as restricted to Central America; Mosquitoxylum jamaicense (Anacardiaceae) was previously known from Central America, Caribbean and Ecuador, but no record for Colombia had been found; Casearia thamnia (Salicaceae) was recorded from Colombia through a specimen of the year 1916 from the Bolivar department, here its first record from the Chocó department is presented; Cremastosperma chococola (Annonaceae) is a endemic species to the biogeographic Chocó in Colombia, only known through three specimens and not collected since the year 1990. Information about protologue, type specimens, distinctive morphology, current geographical distribution, common names, and uses are provided for each record, besides notes about the relevance of the novel records are here presented. A geographical distribution map for these species in Colombia is presented, as well as digital plates composed by photographs of herbarium vouchers. Continue inventoring the biodiversity in the biogeographic Chocó as one of the global biodiversity hotspots is imperative. These records presented here provide useful information for future biological research and conservation actions for their respective species or their habitats.
{"title":"New and Noteworthy Records of Angiosperms from Pacific Biogeographical Region at Department of Chocó in Colombia, Including Four New Records for the Country","authors":"A. M. Trujillo-López, Yeison Londoño-Echeverri","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i3214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i3214","url":null,"abstract":"Six new or noteworthy records of Angiosperms from Colombia are presented based in herbarium specimens from the Chocó department in Colombia. Four are first records for the country, one is the first record for the Chocó department and one is the most recent record after 28 years of an endemic species to the Chocó Biogeographical region in Colombia. Cynometra dwyerii (Fabaceae), Pouteria fossicola (Sapotaceae) and Tachigali panamensis (Fabaceae) were heretofore known as restricted to Central America; Mosquitoxylum jamaicense (Anacardiaceae) was previously known from Central America, Caribbean and Ecuador, but no record for Colombia had been found; Casearia thamnia (Salicaceae) was recorded from Colombia through a specimen of the year 1916 from the Bolivar department, here its first record from the Chocó department is presented; Cremastosperma chococola (Annonaceae) is a endemic species to the biogeographic Chocó in Colombia, only known through three specimens and not collected since the year 1990. Information about protologue, type specimens, distinctive morphology, current geographical distribution, common names, and uses are provided for each record, besides notes about the relevance of the novel records are here presented. A geographical distribution map for these species in Colombia is presented, as well as digital plates composed by photographs of herbarium vouchers. Continue inventoring the biodiversity in the biogeographic Chocó as one of the global biodiversity hotspots is imperative. These records presented here provide useful information for future biological research and conservation actions for their respective species or their habitats.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85029857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i3213
Samuel Mwafulirwa
Pesticide xenobiotics have a great impact on bio argumentation, bio-magnification, and environment degradation regardless of being adopted by green revolution technologies. Bioremediation is widely accepted because it’s cheap, practical at the same time environmentally friendly. Bioremediation advocates indigenous microbes use to degrade pesticides, therefore a study has been performed to show prospects of degrading microorganisms. The study isolated microbes from different agro ecological zones to assess their capacity to utilize some pesticide as sole carbon source complimented by the presence of laccase gene. Biochemical test and genetic characterization using 16S rDNA genes were used in identification. Diversified species and strains of genus Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Pantoea and Leclercia, were found to degrade cypermethrin and acetochlor but no microbe was found to degrade dimethoate. The study adds new strain of microbes involved in degradation of cypermethrin and acetochlor and also strains that that can degrade both. The study puts proposition that pest infestation in fields is a result of abundance of xenobiotic degrading microbes due to natural selection pressure not pesticide resistance of the pest.
{"title":"Isolation Characterization and Diversity of Indigenous Pesticide Degrading Microbes from Selected Agro Ecological Zones of Malawi","authors":"Samuel Mwafulirwa","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i3213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i3213","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticide xenobiotics have a great impact on bio argumentation, bio-magnification, and environment degradation regardless of being adopted by green revolution technologies. Bioremediation is widely accepted because it’s cheap, practical at the same time environmentally friendly. Bioremediation advocates indigenous microbes use to degrade pesticides, therefore a study has been performed to show prospects of degrading microorganisms. The study isolated microbes from different agro ecological zones to assess their capacity to utilize some pesticide as sole carbon source complimented by the presence of laccase gene. Biochemical test and genetic characterization using 16S rDNA genes were used in identification. Diversified species and strains of genus Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Pantoea and Leclercia, were found to degrade cypermethrin and acetochlor but no microbe was found to degrade dimethoate. The study adds new strain of microbes involved in degradation of cypermethrin and acetochlor and also strains that that can degrade both. The study puts proposition that pest infestation in fields is a result of abundance of xenobiotic degrading microbes due to natural selection pressure not pesticide resistance of the pest.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88977049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i3212
Samuel Mwafulirwa, Fortune M. Kanyada
The study was conducted to investigate diverse carrier materials out of agricultural and environmental waste, that plays a role in maintaining the shelf life of plant growth promoting microbes (PGPM) at room temperature for locally produced inoculants in Malawi. Five different formulations divided into sterilized and unsterilized were prepared, using different carrier materials namely; rice bran plus plant extract (RBP), biochar plus plant extract (BP), Filter mud plus plant extract (FMP), rice bran, biochar and plant extracts (RBCP), filter mud, biochar and plant extracts (FMBP). Carrier materials were packed in polyethylene pack (six per each treatment), thereafter each treatment was divided into sterilized and unsterilized. Each treatment was inoculated with either single or multiple inoculants. Survival of PGPM, was based on colony forming units (CFU) on specific selective media namely: modified yeast extract mannitol, pikovskaya’s, Alexandria and basal media for nitrogen fixing microbes, phosphate, potassium and zinc solubilising media respectively. Results revealed that encapsulated formulation of based combination formulation of RBCP in both single and multiple inoculants exerted high stable numbers of PGRM along the storage compared to other formulations. The results also show that unsterilized formulations exert high numbers compared to sterilized which is as a result of hydrogen peroxide accumulation during sterilization. The study reveals that filter mud based formulations currently used in both single and multiple inoculants is not favorable for local environments because microbial numbers decrease after 20 days at room temperature. This makes filter mud formulations usage not favorable for rural smallholder farmers with no refrigeration facilities.
{"title":"Effect of Carrier Materials, Coinoculation and Sterilization on Survival of Plant Growth Promoting Microbes","authors":"Samuel Mwafulirwa, Fortune M. Kanyada","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i3212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i3212","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to investigate diverse carrier materials out of agricultural and environmental waste, that plays a role in maintaining the shelf life of plant growth promoting microbes (PGPM) at room temperature for locally produced inoculants in Malawi. Five different formulations divided into sterilized and unsterilized were prepared, using different carrier materials namely; rice bran plus plant extract (RBP), biochar plus plant extract (BP), Filter mud plus plant extract (FMP), rice bran, biochar and plant extracts (RBCP), filter mud, biochar and plant extracts (FMBP). Carrier materials were packed in polyethylene pack (six per each treatment), thereafter each treatment was divided into sterilized and unsterilized. Each treatment was inoculated with either single or multiple inoculants. Survival of PGPM, was based on colony forming units (CFU) on specific selective media namely: modified yeast extract mannitol, pikovskaya’s, Alexandria and basal media for nitrogen fixing microbes, phosphate, potassium and zinc solubilising media respectively. Results revealed that encapsulated formulation of based combination formulation of RBCP in both single and multiple inoculants exerted high stable numbers of PGRM along the storage compared to other formulations. The results also show that unsterilized formulations exert high numbers compared to sterilized which is as a result of hydrogen peroxide accumulation during sterilization. The study reveals that filter mud based formulations currently used in both single and multiple inoculants is not favorable for local environments because microbial numbers decrease after 20 days at room temperature. This makes filter mud formulations usage not favorable for rural smallholder farmers with no refrigeration facilities.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85962708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-06DOI: 10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i3211
A. S. Kiri, B. Zakari, G. Z. Jimeta, A. Isa
This study was carried out to manage groundnut seed rot in Mubi, Adamawa State Nigeria. Groundnut Rot was reported in all the three location surveyed and the average rot incidences in the market was 21%. Mubi New Market showed 25% as the highest percentage, followed by Mubi Old Market with 20% and MubiKuturu Market with 18%. Four organisms were isolated from the lesions on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) as follows; Aspergillus niger, Fusariumsolani, Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus flavus. The pathogen most frequently occurring was Rhizopus stolonifer (67.22%), followed by Aspergillus niger (15.56%), Aspergillus flavus (15%) and the least was Fusarium solani (2.22%). Pathogenicity test confirmed that all four fungal isolates from groundnut seed were pathogenic and the level of severity was assessed with Aspergillus flavus being most severe with 83.3%, followed by Aspergillus niger with 50%, Rhizopus stolonifer 50% and Fusarium solani 33.33%. Plant extracts employed to control the vegetative mycelial growth was from aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of neem at 20%, 40% and 60% concentration. In vitro application of extracts for the control showed that neem aqueous controlled the mycelial growth better as compared with neem ethanol extracts. There was complete inhibition at 60% on Rhizopus stolonifer and Fusarium solani while neem ethanol on Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger showed progressive inhibition on mycelial growth. There was a significant difference on vegetative growth of the fungi on both neem extracts with increase in concentration at p= 0.0001 as compared with the control. It is recommended that the use of antimicrobials commonly found in populated areas of rural areas can be used to reduce chemical costs and smallholder farmers' over-reliance on agricultural chemicals reduce.
本研究是为了管理尼日利亚阿达马瓦州Mubi的花生种子腐烂而进行的。三个调查地点均有花生腐病报告，市场平均腐病发生率为21%。Mubi New Market的比例最高，为25%，其次是Mubi Old Market，为20%，MubiKuturu Market为18%。从马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(Potato Dextrose Agar, PDA)的病变中分离出4种微生物:黑曲霉、枯萎霉、匍匐茎霉和黄曲霉。病原菌最多的是匍匐茎霉(67.22%)，其次是黑曲霉(15.56%)和黄曲霉(15%)，最少的是茄枯菌(2.22%)。结果表明，4株花生种子真菌均具有致病性，其中黄曲霉致病性最强，达83.3%，其次为黑曲霉(50%)、匍匐茎霉(50%)和茄枯镰刀菌(33.33%)。采用20%、40%和60%浓度的印楝叶水提液和乙醇提液控制营养菌丝生长。体外对照实验表明，印楝水提物对菌丝生长的控制优于印楝乙醇提物。印楝乙醇对匍匐茎霉和茄枯菌的抑制率为60%，对黄曲霉和黑曲霉的抑制率为渐进式。与对照相比，两种印楝提取物对真菌的营养生长有显著差异，浓度均增加(p= 0.0001)。建议使用农村人口稠密地区常见的抗微生物药物，以降低化学品成本，减少小农对农用化学品的过度依赖。
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Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i3210
Chungdu Tshering, Tshering Wangmo
Aims: This study was carried out to document wintering herbs species in the blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) forest of Kawang Gewog under Thimphu district, Bhutan. To generate baseline data on species diversity and composition of the winter herbaceous layer in the blue pine forests of the study area. Study Design: To evaluate the floral diversity and composition of herbs, stratified random sampling was used. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Thimphu district within the altitudinal range of 2400 m to 2700 m A.S.L. The fieldwork was conducted during the month of December to January 2019 and during March 2020. Methodology: Four line transects were established randomly, with sampling points placed at 25-meter intervals along the transect. For adequate data collection, three 3X3 meter quadrats were laid along a straight line perpendicular to the transect, using species-area Type I curves (strictly nested curves). Each quadrat was then divided into 100 equal sub-quadrats, with a distance of 5 meters separating each quadrat. Results: A total of 60 herb species belonging to 46 genera and 22 families. The Shannon-wiener index of species diversity (H’) showed 1.73 value suggesting higher diversity in the study site with an altitude of 2600 m to 2700 m compared to other sites with an altitude range of 2400 m to 2500 m, H’ value of 1.59. Conclusion: The study conducted reports the finding on diversity and the composition of herbs occurring in the winter season from Kawang Gewog under Thimphu district. The present study also discusses the diversity and evenness of herbs influenced by elevation and anthropogenic influences.
{"title":"Floristic Composition and Species Diversity of Wintering Herbs in Blue pine Forest of Thimphu District, Bhutan","authors":"Chungdu Tshering, Tshering Wangmo","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i3210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i3210","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study was carried out to document wintering herbs species in the blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) forest of Kawang Gewog under Thimphu district, Bhutan. To generate baseline data on species diversity and composition of the winter herbaceous layer in the blue pine forests of the study area. \u0000Study Design: To evaluate the floral diversity and composition of herbs, stratified random sampling was used. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Thimphu district within the altitudinal range of 2400 m to 2700 m A.S.L. The fieldwork was conducted during the month of December to January 2019 and during March 2020. \u0000Methodology: Four line transects were established randomly, with sampling points placed at 25-meter intervals along the transect. For adequate data collection, three 3X3 meter quadrats were laid along a straight line perpendicular to the transect, using species-area Type I curves (strictly nested curves). Each quadrat was then divided into 100 equal sub-quadrats, with a distance of 5 meters separating each quadrat. \u0000Results: A total of 60 herb species belonging to 46 genera and 22 families. The Shannon-wiener index of species diversity (H’) showed 1.73 value suggesting higher diversity in the study site with an altitude of 2600 m to 2700 m compared to other sites with an altitude range of 2400 m to 2500 m, H’ value of 1.59. \u0000Conclusion: The study conducted reports the finding on diversity and the composition of herbs occurring in the winter season from Kawang Gewog under Thimphu district. The present study also discusses the diversity and evenness of herbs influenced by elevation and anthropogenic influences.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81264378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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