Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10611428.2022.2111159
P.A.K.
{"title":"In This Issue: Russia’s Economic Strategies After 2014","authors":"P.A.K.","doi":"10.1080/10611428.2022.2111159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611428.2022.2111159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85479,"journal":{"name":"Russian social science review : a journal of translations","volume":"63 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48986047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10611428.2022.2111160
S. V. Kazantsev
ABSTRACT In March 2014, the United States and European Union announced the imposition of sanctions against Russia through measures affecting the Russian Federation in order for the country to meet unconditionally all the demands of the United States and some Western countries against Russia’s position on the issue of Ukraine. The nature of the sanctions suggest they are aimed at Russia’s international isolation, weakening its economy, discrediting its president, and creating the image of a rogue state. Russia is not the first country against which the United States has applied sanctions without United Nations approval. The author cites examples of these sanctions, compares the anti-Russian sanctions with those carried out in secret under President Reagan to weaken the Soviet economy, and addresses the potential negative consequences for Russia due to the economic and financial sanctions imposed on it.
{"title":"Anti-Russian Sanctions: Then and Now","authors":"S. V. Kazantsev","doi":"10.1080/10611428.2022.2111160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611428.2022.2111160","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In March 2014, the United States and European Union announced the imposition of sanctions against Russia through measures affecting the Russian Federation in order for the country to meet unconditionally all the demands of the United States and some Western countries against Russia’s position on the issue of Ukraine. The nature of the sanctions suggest they are aimed at Russia’s international isolation, weakening its economy, discrediting its president, and creating the image of a rogue state. Russia is not the first country against which the United States has applied sanctions without United Nations approval. The author cites examples of these sanctions, compares the anti-Russian sanctions with those carried out in secret under President Reagan to weaken the Soviet economy, and addresses the potential negative consequences for Russia due to the economic and financial sanctions imposed on it.","PeriodicalId":85479,"journal":{"name":"Russian social science review : a journal of translations","volume":"63 1","pages":"2 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45715387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10611428.2022.2111181
L. Bezrukov
ABSTRACT This article analyzes the problem of the competitiveness of the Trans-Siberian as compared to overland versions of the Silk Road. It proves the utility of creating international transport corridors in order to not only organize transit shipments but also integrate both economically and politically the Eurasian space; that is, first and foremost, to activate cross-border economic cooperation between the adjacent regions of Russia, China, and Kazakhstan. Such cooperation is a promising path that lessens the unprofitable consequences of the intracontinental position of these regions.
{"title":"The Trans-Siberian and the Silk Road: Global Infrastructure and Regional Development","authors":"L. Bezrukov","doi":"10.1080/10611428.2022.2111181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611428.2022.2111181","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyzes the problem of the competitiveness of the Trans-Siberian as compared to overland versions of the Silk Road. It proves the utility of creating international transport corridors in order to not only organize transit shipments but also integrate both economically and politically the Eurasian space; that is, first and foremost, to activate cross-border economic cooperation between the adjacent regions of Russia, China, and Kazakhstan. Such cooperation is a promising path that lessens the unprofitable consequences of the intracontinental position of these regions.","PeriodicalId":85479,"journal":{"name":"Russian social science review : a journal of translations","volume":"63 1","pages":"134 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45157710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10611428.2022.2111186
A. Pestunov
ABSTRACT Cryptocurrencies and distributed registers (blockchains) have recently attracted increased interest among specialists from the widest variety of fields. In turn, the public has generated a pool of regularly asked questions, which have not yet been answered thoroughly. This article provides lines of reasoning with regard to several popular questions linked to this subject. It also addresses issues such as the creation of national cryptocurrencies and use of blockchain technology by businesses and governments. In addition, it analyzes the opinion that cryptocurrencies are a financial pyramid. Finally, it briefly examines the configuration of Bitcoin’s distributed register and looks at how this register could be affected by the hypothetical creation of a quantum computer.
{"title":"Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain: Potential Applications in Government and Business","authors":"A. Pestunov","doi":"10.1080/10611428.2022.2111186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611428.2022.2111186","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cryptocurrencies and distributed registers (blockchains) have recently attracted increased interest among specialists from the widest variety of fields. In turn, the public has generated a pool of regularly asked questions, which have not yet been answered thoroughly. This article provides lines of reasoning with regard to several popular questions linked to this subject. It also addresses issues such as the creation of national cryptocurrencies and use of blockchain technology by businesses and governments. In addition, it analyzes the opinion that cryptocurrencies are a financial pyramid. Finally, it briefly examines the configuration of Bitcoin’s distributed register and looks at how this register could be affected by the hypothetical creation of a quantum computer.","PeriodicalId":85479,"journal":{"name":"Russian social science review : a journal of translations","volume":"63 1","pages":"201 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42192773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10611428.2022.2111175
V. Goncharov
ABSTRACT Under market conditions, the successful operation of agricultural enterprises is not possible without an effective development strategy. Currently, it is impossible to modernize all industries of the food complex. Therefore, it is important to identify specific manageable problems. The two major challenges in this respect are animal breeding and seed production. In both cases, there is a high dependence on imports. This article argues that to promote Russian seedstock and breeding animals it is necessary to restructure the organization of production and to establish closer cooperation between scientific organizations and the Ministry of Agriculture. By scaling up production within a schema of specialized zones, the vertical integration of agricultural production could provide the industry with the necessary resources. The food complex is the core of vertical agro-food systems. In this case, federal and local authorities must fully support the development of integration.
{"title":"Strategic Development of Russia’s Food Complex under the Sanctions","authors":"V. Goncharov","doi":"10.1080/10611428.2022.2111175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611428.2022.2111175","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Under market conditions, the successful operation of agricultural enterprises is not possible without an effective development strategy. Currently, it is impossible to modernize all industries of the food complex. Therefore, it is important to identify specific manageable problems. The two major challenges in this respect are animal breeding and seed production. In both cases, there is a high dependence on imports. This article argues that to promote Russian seedstock and breeding animals it is necessary to restructure the organization of production and to establish closer cooperation between scientific organizations and the Ministry of Agriculture. By scaling up production within a schema of specialized zones, the vertical integration of agricultural production could provide the industry with the necessary resources. The food complex is the core of vertical agro-food systems. In this case, federal and local authorities must fully support the development of integration.","PeriodicalId":85479,"journal":{"name":"Russian social science review : a journal of translations","volume":"63 1","pages":"98 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41496971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10611428.2022.2111162
S. Tolkachev, A. Teplyakov
ABSTRACT Russia is currently implementing a policy of import substitution. Although some positive results have been achieved (e.g., in the agricultural industry and the pharmaceutical industry), there are still significant problems with the current approach. The present article considers the successes and challenges of Russia’s current import substitution policy and offers several solutions that should facilitate significant economic growth. In particular, we argue that a systematic approach to import substitution should focus on stimulating the industrial base through government regulation and support, which is better than the present policy of maintaining a relatively unregulated domestic free market and relying on the import of foreign technology. This article reviews several arguments in favor and against this approach and concludes that under current economic conditions, the best way forward for the Russian economy involves the transition to a system-strategic approach to import substitution, which requires a reevaluation of macroeconomic policy and the rejection of certain liberal principles (e.g., rigid monetary policy, floating exchange rates, and abstaining from currency restrictions). In light of foreign experience, we argue that this model has been successfully implemented in countries that are currently technological leaders in global value chains and that this model can likewise help Russia develop its industrial base.
{"title":"Import Substitution in Russia: The Need for a System-Strategic Approach","authors":"S. Tolkachev, A. Teplyakov","doi":"10.1080/10611428.2022.2111162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611428.2022.2111162","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Russia is currently implementing a policy of import substitution. Although some positive results have been achieved (e.g., in the agricultural industry and the pharmaceutical industry), there are still significant problems with the current approach. The present article considers the successes and challenges of Russia’s current import substitution policy and offers several solutions that should facilitate significant economic growth. In particular, we argue that a systematic approach to import substitution should focus on stimulating the industrial base through government regulation and support, which is better than the present policy of maintaining a relatively unregulated domestic free market and relying on the import of foreign technology. This article reviews several arguments in favor and against this approach and concludes that under current economic conditions, the best way forward for the Russian economy involves the transition to a system-strategic approach to import substitution, which requires a reevaluation of macroeconomic policy and the rejection of certain liberal principles (e.g., rigid monetary policy, floating exchange rates, and abstaining from currency restrictions). In light of foreign experience, we argue that this model has been successfully implemented in countries that are currently technological leaders in global value chains and that this model can likewise help Russia develop its industrial base.","PeriodicalId":85479,"journal":{"name":"Russian social science review : a journal of translations","volume":"63 1","pages":"15 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46909251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/10611428.2022.2111173
V. B. Daskovsky
ABSTRACT On May 13, 2017, the “Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation up to 2030” was ratified by the Russian government. This article considers the major question the “Strategy” tries to answer: How can Russia’s economic security by achieved and maintained? One major problem facing Russia today is the lack of government regulation of the economy. We consider some of the negative consequences of the lack of regulation, in particular massive deindustrialization. We describe several causes of deindustrialization (e.g., failed privatization and the absence of investment) and propose several ways that government regulation can facilitate the reindustrialization of the national economy (reinvesting resource wealth and creating long-term loans). Finally, we argue that to reverse negative economic trends, Russia must adopt a two-phase strategy to be completed in twelve years (2019–2030), which necessitates the mobilization of major financial and organizational resources. The first six-year phase (2019–2024) covers the massive innovative reconstruction of existing low-profit and negative-profit enterprises, and the second stage (2025–2030) will create large modern enterprises. The main goal for this twelve-year strategy is to bring the Russian economy into the orbit of the industrialized countries and to use the system of innovation accumulated during this time to start the new stage of state-corporate capitalism characterized by industrialization.
{"title":"On the Strategy for the Economic Security and Socioeconomic Development of Russia","authors":"V. B. Daskovsky","doi":"10.1080/10611428.2022.2111173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611428.2022.2111173","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT On May 13, 2017, the “Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation up to 2030” was ratified by the Russian government. This article considers the major question the “Strategy” tries to answer: How can Russia’s economic security by achieved and maintained? One major problem facing Russia today is the lack of government regulation of the economy. We consider some of the negative consequences of the lack of regulation, in particular massive deindustrialization. We describe several causes of deindustrialization (e.g., failed privatization and the absence of investment) and propose several ways that government regulation can facilitate the reindustrialization of the national economy (reinvesting resource wealth and creating long-term loans). Finally, we argue that to reverse negative economic trends, Russia must adopt a two-phase strategy to be completed in twelve years (2019–2030), which necessitates the mobilization of major financial and organizational resources. The first six-year phase (2019–2024) covers the massive innovative reconstruction of existing low-profit and negative-profit enterprises, and the second stage (2025–2030) will create large modern enterprises. The main goal for this twelve-year strategy is to bring the Russian economy into the orbit of the industrialized countries and to use the system of innovation accumulated during this time to start the new stage of state-corporate capitalism characterized by industrialization.","PeriodicalId":85479,"journal":{"name":"Russian social science review : a journal of translations","volume":"63 1","pages":"51 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46970142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/10611428.2021.2002043
I. Kurilla
ABSTRACT The history of the Great Patriotic War has become post-Soviet Russia’s universal language for political discussion and the only effective “bond.” As the most advantageous narrative from the perspective of the regime’s interests, it is this narrative of war that the Kremlin seeks to control above all. Memory of the war has been “appropriated” by the state, and the more freedom it has to manipulate this, the less veterans are able to challenge its triumphal mythmaking. However, the memory of war is, for most Russians, not limited to any official narrative in school texts, books, or films. For each family, it is also a family history, an object of pride, and a memory of tragedy. The state’s appropriation of the war and the pressure of “military-patriotic propaganda” have sparked resistance among a significant portion of society, along with a desire to affirm their own family memories. The “Immortal Regiment” was originally an attempt to seize power from the state monopoly and to assert the history of the war as a family history, one not inscribed in the state narrative alone, but that also subordinates the state narrative to family memory. Millions of Russians took to the streets to assert their right to history, the most powerful political statement in Russia’s entire post-Soviet history. The state has tried to paint the Immortal Regiment as a loyalist movement, because it speaks to the same topic that constitutes the core of the regime’s own political ideology, the Great Patriotic War. Meanwhile, it is clear even to the regime itself that this movement is discussing the war differently, in fact undermining the state’s interpretive monopoly on the military past and, consequently, its right to make political statements that exploit the theme of the war. It nevertheless remains too early to say whether the state has fully integrated this action into the propaganda mainstream. Furthermore, the power of the Immortal Regiment is even forcing propaganda to adapt to the demands of family and personal memory.
{"title":"The “Immortal Regiment”: A “Holiday Through Tears,” a Parade of the Dead, or a Mass Protest?","authors":"I. Kurilla","doi":"10.1080/10611428.2021.2002043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611428.2021.2002043","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The history of the Great Patriotic War has become post-Soviet Russia’s universal language for political discussion and the only effective “bond.” As the most advantageous narrative from the perspective of the regime’s interests, it is this narrative of war that the Kremlin seeks to control above all. Memory of the war has been “appropriated” by the state, and the more freedom it has to manipulate this, the less veterans are able to challenge its triumphal mythmaking. However, the memory of war is, for most Russians, not limited to any official narrative in school texts, books, or films. For each family, it is also a family history, an object of pride, and a memory of tragedy. The state’s appropriation of the war and the pressure of “military-patriotic propaganda” have sparked resistance among a significant portion of society, along with a desire to affirm their own family memories. The “Immortal Regiment” was originally an attempt to seize power from the state monopoly and to assert the history of the war as a family history, one not inscribed in the state narrative alone, but that also subordinates the state narrative to family memory. Millions of Russians took to the streets to assert their right to history, the most powerful political statement in Russia’s entire post-Soviet history. The state has tried to paint the Immortal Regiment as a loyalist movement, because it speaks to the same topic that constitutes the core of the regime’s own political ideology, the Great Patriotic War. Meanwhile, it is clear even to the regime itself that this movement is discussing the war differently, in fact undermining the state’s interpretive monopoly on the military past and, consequently, its right to make political statements that exploit the theme of the war. It nevertheless remains too early to say whether the state has fully integrated this action into the propaganda mainstream. Furthermore, the power of the Immortal Regiment is even forcing propaganda to adapt to the demands of family and personal memory.","PeriodicalId":85479,"journal":{"name":"Russian social science review : a journal of translations","volume":"62 1","pages":"307 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45420127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/10611428.2021.2002064
M. Deliagin
The author examines the role of Crimea in the Russian state, beginning with a justification of the legality of the region's annexation as both a reflection of the historical connection between Crimea and Russia and the result of the illegitimacy of the post-coup government in Ukraine. He then turns to the potential role of the integration of Crimea as a national project that could revive Russia while allowing its leaders to root out traitors and other undesirables from among the Russian elites.
{"title":"Crimea","authors":"M. Deliagin","doi":"10.1080/10611428.2021.2002064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611428.2021.2002064","url":null,"abstract":"The author examines the role of Crimea in the Russian state, beginning with a justification of the legality of the region's annexation as both a reflection of the historical connection between Crimea and Russia and the result of the illegitimacy of the post-coup government in Ukraine. He then turns to the potential role of the integration of Crimea as a national project that could revive Russia while allowing its leaders to root out traitors and other undesirables from among the Russian elites.","PeriodicalId":85479,"journal":{"name":"Russian social science review : a journal of translations","volume":"62 1","pages":"323 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44742164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/10611428.2021.2002077
V.L. Stepanov
This article examines the role of the economic factor in the war and the consequences of the war for the Russian economy. The author describes the country's critical economic situation and financial difficulties on the eve of the war. He concludes that the exorbitant expenditures on the war caused irreparable damage to the Russian treasury and forced the government to adopt a more circumspect foreign policy and avoid another international conflict.
{"title":"The Price of Victory","authors":"V.L. Stepanov","doi":"10.1080/10611428.2021.2002077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611428.2021.2002077","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the role of the economic factor in the war and the consequences of the war for the Russian economy. The author describes the country's critical economic situation and financial difficulties on the eve of the war. He concludes that the exorbitant expenditures on the war caused irreparable damage to the Russian treasury and forced the government to adopt a more circumspect foreign policy and avoid another international conflict.","PeriodicalId":85479,"journal":{"name":"Russian social science review : a journal of translations","volume":"62 1","pages":"494 - 523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44266134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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