{"title":"Persian Gulf Security: Lessons of the Past and the Need for New Thinking","authors":"S. Hunter","doi":"10.1353/sais.1992.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1992.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"78 1","pages":"155 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76129538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Early in 1992 a citizens' group, Initiative '92, was set up under the direction of Robin Wilson, editor of Fortnight, and Simon Lee, profes? sor of jurisprudence at Queen's University, Belfast. Their idea was for an independent commission of inquiry to which the people of North? ern Ireland and those beyond who were concerned about it would be invited to submit ideas on possible ways forward for the region. Apart from that, there would be no limitation on what the ideas could be about; they realised it was vital that the terms of reference of such a commission should be kept as open as possible, so that no view would be excluded.
{"title":"Northern Ireland: A Manageable Conflict?","authors":"Padraig O’Malley","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1994.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1994.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Early in 1992 a citizens' group, Initiative '92, was set up under the direction of Robin Wilson, editor of Fortnight, and Simon Lee, profes? sor of jurisprudence at Queen's University, Belfast. Their idea was for an independent commission of inquiry to which the people of North? ern Ireland and those beyond who were concerned about it would be invited to submit ideas on possible ways forward for the region. Apart from that, there would be no limitation on what the ideas could be about; they realised it was vital that the terms of reference of such a commission should be kept as open as possible, so that no view would be excluded.","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"15 1","pages":"61 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74958548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Industrial Contraction: Facing the Paradoxes of the Post-Cold War","authors":"J. Gansler","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1993.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1993.0030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"136 1","pages":"105 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77416366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
-Cor the second time in this decade, Europe must sort itself out in the wake of a "Euromissile crisis." This time, the question is not whether to accept deployment of U.S. nuclear weapons — their successful and peaceful installation ended that discussion — but what their removal will mean and how best to respond to it. The Reagan-Gorbachev INF (intermediate-range nuclear forces) agreement last December is rightly being seen as a turning point in Western Europe's postwar defense narrative, and policymakers across the Continent are asking what this treaty, and the trends it symbolizes, means for the security of their countries. Nowhere is reappraisal more serious or more consequential than in France, where the degree of high-level and public debate, diplomacy, and military handwringing in the wake of recent developments has been considerable. Even in a country known for its defense "consensus" and its stubborn clinging to General Charles de Gaulle's military policies, the changing security environment has led to anything but continuity. Instead, France has begun to reexamine and even revise existing policies, to consider, enhance, or create alliances with different European partners, and to study military options more closely than ever. The main focus of these deliberations has been, not surprisingly, the role France can and should play in a West European defense that is more independent from the United States. Since the Reagan administration first began seriously courting its Kremlin counterpart late last year, leaders in Paris have begun to take note of other ominous signs that the U.S. contribution to European security cannot be taken for granted. Even though many observers, in France as elsewhere, have long
{"title":"France and European Security after the INF Treaty","authors":"P. Gordon","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1988.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1988.0041","url":null,"abstract":"-Cor the second time in this decade, Europe must sort itself out in the wake of a \"Euromissile crisis.\" This time, the question is not whether to accept deployment of U.S. nuclear weapons — their successful and peaceful installation ended that discussion — but what their removal will mean and how best to respond to it. The Reagan-Gorbachev INF (intermediate-range nuclear forces) agreement last December is rightly being seen as a turning point in Western Europe's postwar defense narrative, and policymakers across the Continent are asking what this treaty, and the trends it symbolizes, means for the security of their countries. Nowhere is reappraisal more serious or more consequential than in France, where the degree of high-level and public debate, diplomacy, and military handwringing in the wake of recent developments has been considerable. Even in a country known for its defense \"consensus\" and its stubborn clinging to General Charles de Gaulle's military policies, the changing security environment has led to anything but continuity. Instead, France has begun to reexamine and even revise existing policies, to consider, enhance, or create alliances with different European partners, and to study military options more closely than ever. The main focus of these deliberations has been, not surprisingly, the role France can and should play in a West European defense that is more independent from the United States. Since the Reagan administration first began seriously courting its Kremlin counterpart late last year, leaders in Paris have begun to take note of other ominous signs that the U.S. contribution to European security cannot be taken for granted. Even though many observers, in France as elsewhere, have long","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"113 1","pages":"191 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79836184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
.ERRORISM, TO PARAPHRASE CLAUSEWITZ, is the continuation of politics by other means. The political content of the terrorist act distinguishes it from such ordinary criminal activities as murder, robbery, hijacking and extortion— all of which are committed with far greater frequency by vastly larger numbers of nonterrorists for motives of simple profit or passion. Terrorists become terrorists, at least initially, for reasons associated with politics. After a certain amount of time, of course, terrorists may continue to be terrorists for no reason except that they are terrorists. More than most vocations, terrorism does not easily lend itself to career changes. But the initial impulse that led a group to adopt terrorism as a method of operation or that persuaded an individual to participate in such activities almost certainly had its origins in political circumstances. Indeed, the political nature of their origin and proclaimed purpose is the most important common characteristic shared by such disparate groups as the Sendero Luminoso of Peru, the Provisional Irish Republican Army, the dissident Sikhs of India, the Moro National Liberation Front of the Philippines, the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia, the Italian Red Brigades, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, and in the United States, organizations as diverse as the Puerto Rican Front for National Liberation, the Weather Underground, the Jewish Defense League, and a scattering of neo-fascist groups.
{"title":"Terrorism: Its Political Uses and Abuses","authors":"G. Sick","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1987.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1987.0034","url":null,"abstract":".ERRORISM, TO PARAPHRASE CLAUSEWITZ, is the continuation of politics by other means. The political content of the terrorist act distinguishes it from such ordinary criminal activities as murder, robbery, hijacking and extortion— all of which are committed with far greater frequency by vastly larger numbers of nonterrorists for motives of simple profit or passion. Terrorists become terrorists, at least initially, for reasons associated with politics. After a certain amount of time, of course, terrorists may continue to be terrorists for no reason except that they are terrorists. More than most vocations, terrorism does not easily lend itself to career changes. But the initial impulse that led a group to adopt terrorism as a method of operation or that persuaded an individual to participate in such activities almost certainly had its origins in political circumstances. Indeed, the political nature of their origin and proclaimed purpose is the most important common characteristic shared by such disparate groups as the Sendero Luminoso of Peru, the Provisional Irish Republican Army, the dissident Sikhs of India, the Moro National Liberation Front of the Philippines, the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia, the Italian Red Brigades, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, and in the United States, organizations as diverse as the Puerto Rican Front for National Liberation, the Weather Underground, the Jewish Defense League, and a scattering of neo-fascist groups.","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"88 1","pages":"11 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79978129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mexico in Transition: Essays from Both Sides of the Border, and: U.S.-Mexican Economic Relations: Prospects and Problems (review)","authors":"E. Medina","doi":"10.1353/sais.1989.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1989.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"97 1","pages":"286 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80054723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conflict and War in the Middle East, 1967-91: Regional Dynamic and the Superpowers (review)","authors":"D. Pervin","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1993.0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1993.0057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"10 1","pages":"162 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79043230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Japan has a story to tell to Africa, but it is not one that Africa will want to hear. Nor will development economists, nor will American policymakers. It implies that the policies and theories of all three groups are off the track. Yet, it is a story that all three must not only listen to, but ultimately heed. Japan has been considered a maverick in economic development. "It could not happen the same way elsewhere," economists and policymakers say. The Japanese are disciplined and organized, more so than any country in the Third World. Yet historians have known that Japan and Western Europe, the very two areas with the highest level of industrialization, have strong similarities that date back thirteen to fifteen centuries. Those similarities have not found their way into development theory, and therein lies the deficiency of economists. Therein also lies the bane for American policymakers, who have too much relied on mainstream economic theory. In this article, I will argue that Japan's secret lies in her history, and one must go far back to find it. Instead of dealing with present-day Japanese behavior, therefore, I go back to the beginning. I will construct a set of hypotheses—call it a theory if you like—drawn from both Japan and Europe. Despite the smallness of sample, I will argue that certain characteristics of
{"title":"Does Japan Speak to Africa?","authors":"J. Powelson","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1983.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1983.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Japan has a story to tell to Africa, but it is not one that Africa will want to hear. Nor will development economists, nor will American policymakers. It implies that the policies and theories of all three groups are off the track. Yet, it is a story that all three must not only listen to, but ultimately heed. Japan has been considered a maverick in economic development. \"It could not happen the same way elsewhere,\" economists and policymakers say. The Japanese are disciplined and organized, more so than any country in the Third World. Yet historians have known that Japan and Western Europe, the very two areas with the highest level of industrialization, have strong similarities that date back thirteen to fifteen centuries. Those similarities have not found their way into development theory, and therein lies the deficiency of economists. Therein also lies the bane for American policymakers, who have too much relied on mainstream economic theory. In this article, I will argue that Japan's secret lies in her history, and one must go far back to find it. Instead of dealing with present-day Japanese behavior, therefore, I go back to the beginning. I will construct a set of hypotheses—call it a theory if you like—drawn from both Japan and Europe. Despite the smallness of sample, I will argue that certain characteristics of","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"105 1","pages":"207 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79285535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redesigning U.S. Foreign Aid","authors":"Gary Posz, Bruce Janigian, J. Jun","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1994.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1994.0031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"39 1","pages":"159 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81417578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Palestinians in the Arab World (review)","authors":"Houeida Saad","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1993.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1993.0041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"36 1","pages":"144 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81552977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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