Pınar Adıgüzel, M. Namlı, Fildaus Nyirahabimana, İ. Solmaz, N. Sarı
Grafting techniques are being used to improve economically important horticultural crops including Cucumis melo L. This 2-year study was carried out at Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of grafting using different rootstocks on plant, fruit and seed quality in cantaloupe melons. The double haploid (DH) female (H27) and male (H4) parental lines of Solmaz F1 (Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis) variety developed by Cukurova University Faculty of Agriculture were used as scion and three commercial interspecific hybrid Cucurbita (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) varieties, Nun-9075 F1 (Nunhems), Ares F1 (ITU) and TZ-148 (Clause) were used as rootstocks. The parental lines were also self grafted and ungrafted parents were used as the control group. The grafted and ungrafted parents were crossed during pollination. Graft combinations and control were compared for performances in measured parameters such as the main stem length (cm), main stem diameter (mm), node number, harvest time (day), fruit weight (g), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), fruit cavity length (cm), fruit cavity diameter (cm), fruit flesh thickness (cm), fruit rind thickness (mm), total soluble solids (TSS, %), fruit flesh productivity (%), number of full and empty seeds (number/fruit), 1000 seeds weight (g), seed germination rate (%) and time (day), seed emergence rate (%), and time (day). Most of the plant, fruit and seed parameters have been positively affected by grafting. The use of commercial interspesific Cucurbita hybrid rootstocks resulted in high values compared to the control group however, harvest time, fruit cavity length and diameter, fruit rind thickness and fuit flesh productivity parameters were not statistically significant between rootstocks. Considering seed emergence and germination rate Cucurbita hybrid rootstocks performed lower values than self grafted and ungrafted control. The current study concludes that grafting plays a crucial role in plant growth, fruit and seed characters in cantaloupe melons. Statistically significant differences were mostly observed based on evaluated parameters.
嫁接技术正被用于改善经济上重要的园艺作物，包括甜瓜。这项为期2年的研究在土耳其阿达纳的库库罗娃大学进行。本研究旨在评价不同砧木嫁接对哈密瓜植株、果实和种子品质的影响。以库库罗娃大学农学院培育的双单倍体(DH)母系(H27)和父系(H4) Solmaz F1 (Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis)为接穗，以Nun-9075 F1 (nunems)、Ares F1 (ITU)和TZ-148 (Clause) 3个商业种间杂交品种(Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne)为砧木。以亲本系自嫁接和未嫁接亲本为对照组。在授粉时将嫁接和未嫁接的亲本杂交。在主茎长(cm)、主茎粗(mm)、节数、采收时间(天)、果重(g)、果长(cm)、果径(cm)、果腔长(cm)、果腔直径(cm)、果肉厚度(cm)、果皮厚度(mm)、可溶性固形物总量(TSS， %)、果肉产量(%)、满、空种子数(数/果)、千粒重(g)、种子发芽率(%)和时间(天)，种子出苗率(%)和时间(天)。嫁接对植株、果实和种子的大部分参数都产生了积极影响。与对照组相比，使用商业种间葫芦杂交砧木的收获时间、果腔长度和直径、果皮厚度和果肉产量参数在砧木间差异无统计学意义。综合考虑种子出苗率和发芽率，杂交砧木的出苗率低于自嫁接和未嫁接对照。目前的研究表明，嫁接对哈密瓜的植株生长、果实和种子性状起着至关重要的作用。根据评估的参数，大多观察到统计学上显著的差异。
{"title":"The Effects of Grafting on Plant, Fruit and Seed Quality in Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis) Melons","authors":"Pınar Adıgüzel, M. Namlı, Fildaus Nyirahabimana, İ. Solmaz, N. Sarı","doi":"10.3390/seeds2010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2010001","url":null,"abstract":"Grafting techniques are being used to improve economically important horticultural crops including Cucumis melo L. This 2-year study was carried out at Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of grafting using different rootstocks on plant, fruit and seed quality in cantaloupe melons. The double haploid (DH) female (H27) and male (H4) parental lines of Solmaz F1 (Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis) variety developed by Cukurova University Faculty of Agriculture were used as scion and three commercial interspecific hybrid Cucurbita (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) varieties, Nun-9075 F1 (Nunhems), Ares F1 (ITU) and TZ-148 (Clause) were used as rootstocks. The parental lines were also self grafted and ungrafted parents were used as the control group. The grafted and ungrafted parents were crossed during pollination. Graft combinations and control were compared for performances in measured parameters such as the main stem length (cm), main stem diameter (mm), node number, harvest time (day), fruit weight (g), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), fruit cavity length (cm), fruit cavity diameter (cm), fruit flesh thickness (cm), fruit rind thickness (mm), total soluble solids (TSS, %), fruit flesh productivity (%), number of full and empty seeds (number/fruit), 1000 seeds weight (g), seed germination rate (%) and time (day), seed emergence rate (%), and time (day). Most of the plant, fruit and seed parameters have been positively affected by grafting. The use of commercial interspesific Cucurbita hybrid rootstocks resulted in high values compared to the control group however, harvest time, fruit cavity length and diameter, fruit rind thickness and fuit flesh productivity parameters were not statistically significant between rootstocks. Considering seed emergence and germination rate Cucurbita hybrid rootstocks performed lower values than self grafted and ungrafted control. The current study concludes that grafting plays a crucial role in plant growth, fruit and seed characters in cantaloupe melons. Statistically significant differences were mostly observed based on evaluated parameters.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90712928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. A. Mahajan, B. A. Shinde, Arun Torris, Akshay Gade, V. Patil, C. K. John, N. Kadoo, T. Nikam
Gloriosa superba L. is a horticulturally and medicinally important plant. Its seeds have poor, erratic, and deferred germination. The detailed seed structure components and water imbibition mechanism facilitating the process of seed germination in G. superba remain unexplored. Therefore, it is essential to develop methods to ensure consistent and enhanced seed germination in G. superba. Various pre-sowing treatments along with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis and 3D X-ray micro-tomography (micro-T) were employed to elucidate seed structure components, porosity network, and the water imbibition mechanism during germination in G. superba. The study revealed that consistent and significantly improved seed germination (>85%) was observed using the pre-sowing treatment mechanical scarification followed by 24 h water soaking in G. superba. BET and micro-T showed that the tegmen of the seed coat exhibited porosity (21%) with a well-connected porosity network (17.50%) that helped in water movement through hilum, which was confirmed by phosphotungstic acid staining. However, the sarcotesta and endosperm were water-impermeable due to their negligible porosity. Multidisciplinary techniques such as BET and micro-T along with conventional methodologies can be employed to address the seed coat structure, porosity, and water imbibition mechanism aiding seed germination. Mechanical scarification enabled the water to penetrate internal seed layers through the permeable tegmen via the reticulate pore network, which significantly improved seed germination. The developed seed germination method can produce a large number of plants in less time and conserve the natural populations of this high-value medicinally important species.
{"title":"Pre-Sowing Treatments, Seed Components and Water Imbibition Aids Seed Germination of Gloriosa superba","authors":"Y. A. Mahajan, B. A. Shinde, Arun Torris, Akshay Gade, V. Patil, C. K. John, N. Kadoo, T. Nikam","doi":"10.3390/seeds2010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2010002","url":null,"abstract":"Gloriosa superba L. is a horticulturally and medicinally important plant. Its seeds have poor, erratic, and deferred germination. The detailed seed structure components and water imbibition mechanism facilitating the process of seed germination in G. superba remain unexplored. Therefore, it is essential to develop methods to ensure consistent and enhanced seed germination in G. superba. Various pre-sowing treatments along with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis and 3D X-ray micro-tomography (micro-T) were employed to elucidate seed structure components, porosity network, and the water imbibition mechanism during germination in G. superba. The study revealed that consistent and significantly improved seed germination (>85%) was observed using the pre-sowing treatment mechanical scarification followed by 24 h water soaking in G. superba. BET and micro-T showed that the tegmen of the seed coat exhibited porosity (21%) with a well-connected porosity network (17.50%) that helped in water movement through hilum, which was confirmed by phosphotungstic acid staining. However, the sarcotesta and endosperm were water-impermeable due to their negligible porosity. Multidisciplinary techniques such as BET and micro-T along with conventional methodologies can be employed to address the seed coat structure, porosity, and water imbibition mechanism aiding seed germination. Mechanical scarification enabled the water to penetrate internal seed layers through the permeable tegmen via the reticulate pore network, which significantly improved seed germination. The developed seed germination method can produce a large number of plants in less time and conserve the natural populations of this high-value medicinally important species.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76255013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Vidak, B. Lazarević, Tomislav Javornik, Z. Šatović, K. Carović-Stanko
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most widespread legume in Croatia and its production is based on landraces of great morphological diversity. Landraces morphologically differ the most in the seed coat color and size. Because plant emergence and crop establishment represent the most sensitive stage in crop development, the aim of this study was to determine whether the seed coat color and seed size of Croatian common bean landraces affect the water absorption rate, seed germination, emergence and phenotypic characteristics of the seedlings. In this study seeds of four common bean landraces with different seed color and size, ‘Biser’ (white-colored, small-seeded), ‘Bijeli’ (white-colored, large-seeded), ‘Kornjača’ (dark-colored, small-seeded) and ‘Trešnjevac’ (dark-colored, large-seeded) were evaluated in three different experiments: (i) water uptake, (ii) seed germination and (iii) emergence and seedling phenotypic characterization. The results show that white-colored seeds have a higher absorption rate and release more electrolytes compared to dark-colored seeds of similar size (and weight). The germination results show that white-colored and smaller seeds germinate faster compared to dark-colored and large seeds. On the other hand, the white-colored landrace ‘Bijeli’ took the longest time to emerge, probably due to cell damage that occurred during the fast initial water absorption. Using multispectral imaging, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and stomatal conductance analysis, the seedlings of the dark-colored and large-seeded landraces were found to contain more photosynthetic pigments and have higher light absorption. In contrast, seedlings of white-colored and large seeds have lower stomatal conductance and transpiration and higher photochemical efficiency (despite possible cell damage during water absorption and germination). Results suggest that dark-colored seeds could survive better under unfavorable soil conditions without absorbing water, swelling, emergence or molding than white-colored seeds. Despite all this, white-colored common bean landraces remain popular in human diets and are often grown on small-scale farms.
{"title":"Seed Water Absorption, Germination, Emergence and Seedling Phenotypic Characterization of the Common Bean Landraces Differing in Seed Size and Color","authors":"M. Vidak, B. Lazarević, Tomislav Javornik, Z. Šatović, K. Carović-Stanko","doi":"10.3390/seeds1040027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040027","url":null,"abstract":"Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most widespread legume in Croatia and its production is based on landraces of great morphological diversity. Landraces morphologically differ the most in the seed coat color and size. Because plant emergence and crop establishment represent the most sensitive stage in crop development, the aim of this study was to determine whether the seed coat color and seed size of Croatian common bean landraces affect the water absorption rate, seed germination, emergence and phenotypic characteristics of the seedlings. In this study seeds of four common bean landraces with different seed color and size, ‘Biser’ (white-colored, small-seeded), ‘Bijeli’ (white-colored, large-seeded), ‘Kornjača’ (dark-colored, small-seeded) and ‘Trešnjevac’ (dark-colored, large-seeded) were evaluated in three different experiments: (i) water uptake, (ii) seed germination and (iii) emergence and seedling phenotypic characterization. The results show that white-colored seeds have a higher absorption rate and release more electrolytes compared to dark-colored seeds of similar size (and weight). The germination results show that white-colored and smaller seeds germinate faster compared to dark-colored and large seeds. On the other hand, the white-colored landrace ‘Bijeli’ took the longest time to emerge, probably due to cell damage that occurred during the fast initial water absorption. Using multispectral imaging, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and stomatal conductance analysis, the seedlings of the dark-colored and large-seeded landraces were found to contain more photosynthetic pigments and have higher light absorption. In contrast, seedlings of white-colored and large seeds have lower stomatal conductance and transpiration and higher photochemical efficiency (despite possible cell damage during water absorption and germination). Results suggest that dark-colored seeds could survive better under unfavorable soil conditions without absorbing water, swelling, emergence or molding than white-colored seeds. Despite all this, white-colored common bean landraces remain popular in human diets and are often grown on small-scale farms.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79942950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seeds are a basic input for all crop production. Good seed is crucial for the global food and nutrition security, for rural development and farmers’ livelihoods and for all green value chains. What “good seed” is depends on individual farmer’s needs. The sustainable availability of seed and seed choice is thus an essential issue for every farmer. Farmers access seeds from multiple sources. Different seed systems have their strengths and vulnerabilities. With changing farming conditions around the world due to climate change, soil degradation and market demands, an analysis of possible disruptions and general future-proofing appears necessary. Such analysis also informs the kinds of support that different seed systems may need to be optimally resilient. Given the very limited studies on resilience of current seed systems, we performed a literature review on the opportunities and vulnerabilities of seed systems to identify possible resilience challenges. Seed system resilience in terms of future-proofing is closely linked with “seed security”, the secured access to preferred seeds by farmers. Such resilience depends on the functioning of each of the formal and farmers’ seed systems and how these two systems complement each other, particularly when one falters. In this paper, we describe the major characteristics of seed systems, analyze their strength and vulnerabilities, and describe support functions toward future-proofing them. Both the farmers’ and the formal seed systems are increasingly facing varying forms and degrees of sustainability challenges. These require various types of support. Farmers’ seed systems may find it hard to respond to radically changing conditions without support. Commercial formal seed systems are less vulnerable, as they generally are better equipped to respond to the (changing) needs of their customers. Commercial formal seed systems, however, only serve those farmers that are able and willing to pay for quality seeds. This immediately indicates a significant limitation. A common feature of both formal and farmers’ systems is their dependence on the continuous flow and capacity to use a diversity of plant genetic resources. In conclusion, no single seed system can be considered totally resilient and thus future-proof without specific external support.
{"title":"Seed Systems Resilience—An Overview","authors":"N. Louwaars, G. Manicad","doi":"10.3390/seeds1040028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040028","url":null,"abstract":"Seeds are a basic input for all crop production. Good seed is crucial for the global food and nutrition security, for rural development and farmers’ livelihoods and for all green value chains. What “good seed” is depends on individual farmer’s needs. The sustainable availability of seed and seed choice is thus an essential issue for every farmer. Farmers access seeds from multiple sources. Different seed systems have their strengths and vulnerabilities. With changing farming conditions around the world due to climate change, soil degradation and market demands, an analysis of possible disruptions and general future-proofing appears necessary. Such analysis also informs the kinds of support that different seed systems may need to be optimally resilient. Given the very limited studies on resilience of current seed systems, we performed a literature review on the opportunities and vulnerabilities of seed systems to identify possible resilience challenges. Seed system resilience in terms of future-proofing is closely linked with “seed security”, the secured access to preferred seeds by farmers. Such resilience depends on the functioning of each of the formal and farmers’ seed systems and how these two systems complement each other, particularly when one falters. In this paper, we describe the major characteristics of seed systems, analyze their strength and vulnerabilities, and describe support functions toward future-proofing them. Both the farmers’ and the formal seed systems are increasingly facing varying forms and degrees of sustainability challenges. These require various types of support. Farmers’ seed systems may find it hard to respond to radically changing conditions without support. Commercial formal seed systems are less vulnerable, as they generally are better equipped to respond to the (changing) needs of their customers. Commercial formal seed systems, however, only serve those farmers that are able and willing to pay for quality seeds. This immediately indicates a significant limitation. A common feature of both formal and farmers’ systems is their dependence on the continuous flow and capacity to use a diversity of plant genetic resources. In conclusion, no single seed system can be considered totally resilient and thus future-proof without specific external support.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88911201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vijaykumar B. Spoorthi, P. Ranadev, R. Ashwin, J. Bagyaraj
Raising vegetable seedlings in pro trays is becoming an innovative approach to producing quality seedlings in horticulture. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus bagyarajii and potassium (K) solubilizing bacterium Frateuria aurantia singly and together in enhancing the growth of capsicum seedlings raised in pro trays under polyhouse conditions. Different growth parameters such as shoot and root length, total seedling length, stem diameter, dry weight of seedlings, biovolume index, plant strength, vigour index, macro and micronutrient uptake, mycorrhizal root colonization, and the population of F. aurantia in the root zone soil were monitored. Significantly higher shoot length, root length, stem diameter, and biovolume index were recorded in the treatments inoculated with G. bagyarajii alone, followed by F. aurantia alone. Most of the plant growth parameters were significantly less in the dual inoculated treatment with G. bagyarajii + F. aurantia compared to single inoculation with either of them. This brings out the negative influence of the two inoculants on each other leading to a reduced effect on plant growth.
{"title":"Response of Capsicum annuum L. Seedlings Raised in Pro Trays to Inoculation with AM Fungus Glomus bagyarajii and K Solubilizing Bacterium Frateuria aurantia","authors":"Vijaykumar B. Spoorthi, P. Ranadev, R. Ashwin, J. Bagyaraj","doi":"10.3390/seeds1040026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040026","url":null,"abstract":"Raising vegetable seedlings in pro trays is becoming an innovative approach to producing quality seedlings in horticulture. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus bagyarajii and potassium (K) solubilizing bacterium Frateuria aurantia singly and together in enhancing the growth of capsicum seedlings raised in pro trays under polyhouse conditions. Different growth parameters such as shoot and root length, total seedling length, stem diameter, dry weight of seedlings, biovolume index, plant strength, vigour index, macro and micronutrient uptake, mycorrhizal root colonization, and the population of F. aurantia in the root zone soil were monitored. Significantly higher shoot length, root length, stem diameter, and biovolume index were recorded in the treatments inoculated with G. bagyarajii alone, followed by F. aurantia alone. Most of the plant growth parameters were significantly less in the dual inoculated treatment with G. bagyarajii + F. aurantia compared to single inoculation with either of them. This brings out the negative influence of the two inoculants on each other leading to a reduced effect on plant growth.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"465 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90826918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. N’Danikou, Abdul Jafari Shango, Jeremiah P. Sigalla
Seed traits are essential quantitative variables to assess seed quality and are also indicators of crop success. The World Vegetable Center Genebank in Arusha, Tanzania, has an important legume collection; however, there is limited information on seed traits per genotype, i.e., 1000-seed weight, the number of seeds per gram, germination percentage (GP), and mean germination time (MGT). In this study, 8 cowpea, 54 mungbean, and 15 soybean accessions were evaluated for the abovementioned parameters. A significant difference was observed among the genotypes of the selected legumes with respect to all the measured parameters. An intraspecific variation was also observed for the measured seed traits. The 1000-seed weight decreased with an increase in the number of seeds per gram. Unlike cowpea, the GP of mungbean and soybean accessions was significantly and negatively influenced by the number of seeds per 1 g. Hence, the smaller-sized seeds (with many seeds in 1 g) exhibited lower GP. It is concluded that the seed traits and initial quality among the selected legumes are strongly influenced by their genetic makeup. These results are useful to inform seed management, exchange, utilization, and have a high potential in breeding programs, and require further research attention.
{"title":"Variation of Seed Traits and Initial Quality among Selected Cowpea, Mungbean, and Soybean Accessions","authors":"S. N’Danikou, Abdul Jafari Shango, Jeremiah P. Sigalla","doi":"10.3390/seeds1040025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040025","url":null,"abstract":"Seed traits are essential quantitative variables to assess seed quality and are also indicators of crop success. The World Vegetable Center Genebank in Arusha, Tanzania, has an important legume collection; however, there is limited information on seed traits per genotype, i.e., 1000-seed weight, the number of seeds per gram, germination percentage (GP), and mean germination time (MGT). In this study, 8 cowpea, 54 mungbean, and 15 soybean accessions were evaluated for the abovementioned parameters. A significant difference was observed among the genotypes of the selected legumes with respect to all the measured parameters. An intraspecific variation was also observed for the measured seed traits. The 1000-seed weight decreased with an increase in the number of seeds per gram. Unlike cowpea, the GP of mungbean and soybean accessions was significantly and negatively influenced by the number of seeds per 1 g. Hence, the smaller-sized seeds (with many seeds in 1 g) exhibited lower GP. It is concluded that the seed traits and initial quality among the selected legumes are strongly influenced by their genetic makeup. These results are useful to inform seed management, exchange, utilization, and have a high potential in breeding programs, and require further research attention.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81141134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Sarropoulou, N. Krigas, G. Tsoktouridis, E. Maloupa, K. Grigoriadou
The in vivo germination course (15, 30, 45, and 60 days) of nine threatened local endemic plants of Crete (Greece) was studied due to conservation concerns and commercial interest in economic sectors. We used seeds directly collected from the wild sown in peat (Terrahum):perlite (1:1 v/v ratio)covered with coarse-grained vermiculite in a greenhouse mist bench with a substrate temperature of 19 ± 2 °C. The onset of in vivo germination was defined by the visible radicle protrusion (6th–9th day from sowing). After 60 days, 100% germination was observed for seeds of Campanula cretica, Dianthus fruticosus subsp. creticus, and Petromarula pinnata, followed by Draba cretica (91%) and Sanguisorba cretica (86%). Average–low germination capacity was observed for seeds of Calamintha cretica (26%), Lomelosia minoana subsp. minoana (38%), and Origanum microphyllum (23%), and very low capacity was observed for Onopordum bracteatum subsp. creticum (1.5%). After keeping seeds at 4–5 °C for three months, pre-treatments were performed (immersion in 50 or 250 ppm of gibberellic acid solution for 24 h) on three taxa with low germination capacity, thus resulting to the germination acceleration of Calamintha cretica seeds and increased germination capacity of Onopordum bracteatum subsp. creticum seeds. Apart from the facilitation of future species-specific conservation actions, the study showcases that the obtained results herein may permit an upgrade in the feasibility and readiness timescale assessments for the sustainable exploitation of studied taxa in different economic sectors.
{"title":"Seed Germination Trials and Ex Situ Conservation of Local Prioritized Endemic Plants of Crete (Greece) with Commercial Interest","authors":"V. Sarropoulou, N. Krigas, G. Tsoktouridis, E. Maloupa, K. Grigoriadou","doi":"10.3390/seeds1040024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040024","url":null,"abstract":"The in vivo germination course (15, 30, 45, and 60 days) of nine threatened local endemic plants of Crete (Greece) was studied due to conservation concerns and commercial interest in economic sectors. We used seeds directly collected from the wild sown in peat (Terrahum):perlite (1:1 v/v ratio)covered with coarse-grained vermiculite in a greenhouse mist bench with a substrate temperature of 19 ± 2 °C. The onset of in vivo germination was defined by the visible radicle protrusion (6th–9th day from sowing). After 60 days, 100% germination was observed for seeds of Campanula cretica, Dianthus fruticosus subsp. creticus, and Petromarula pinnata, followed by Draba cretica (91%) and Sanguisorba cretica (86%). Average–low germination capacity was observed for seeds of Calamintha cretica (26%), Lomelosia minoana subsp. minoana (38%), and Origanum microphyllum (23%), and very low capacity was observed for Onopordum bracteatum subsp. creticum (1.5%). After keeping seeds at 4–5 °C for three months, pre-treatments were performed (immersion in 50 or 250 ppm of gibberellic acid solution for 24 h) on three taxa with low germination capacity, thus resulting to the germination acceleration of Calamintha cretica seeds and increased germination capacity of Onopordum bracteatum subsp. creticum seeds. Apart from the facilitation of future species-specific conservation actions, the study showcases that the obtained results herein may permit an upgrade in the feasibility and readiness timescale assessments for the sustainable exploitation of studied taxa in different economic sectors.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82575089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shinde, H. N. Murthy, Jong-Du Lee, Eun-Bi Jang, So-Young Park
The in vitro propagation and ex situ conservation strategy provides new means for the conservation and mass propagation of economically and medicinally important plants. The present work aimed to observe the main characteristics of the in vitro propagation of Garcinia livingstonei from matured seed segments. Successful multiple shoots were induced on a woody plant (WP) medium supplemented with cytokinins. An average of 13.0 shoots per explant were grown from matured seed segments on a WP medium containing 15.0 µM BAP after 12 weeks of culture. The shoot elongation and multiplication were achieved using a repeated and periodic subculturing of shoot clumps in the same medium. The optimum in vitro rooting of shoots was obtained on the half-strength WP medium supplemented with IBA (5.0 µM). The regenerated plantlets were successfully transplanted to pots containing soil, sand, and farmyard manure (1:1:1) and were maintained in a greenhouse with a survival frequency was 80%.
{"title":"In Vitro Propagation of Garcinia livingstonei T. Anderson (African Mangosteen) a Woody Tree Species through the Culture of Matured Seed Segments","authors":"S. Shinde, H. N. Murthy, Jong-Du Lee, Eun-Bi Jang, So-Young Park","doi":"10.3390/seeds1040023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040023","url":null,"abstract":"The in vitro propagation and ex situ conservation strategy provides new means for the conservation and mass propagation of economically and medicinally important plants. The present work aimed to observe the main characteristics of the in vitro propagation of Garcinia livingstonei from matured seed segments. Successful multiple shoots were induced on a woody plant (WP) medium supplemented with cytokinins. An average of 13.0 shoots per explant were grown from matured seed segments on a WP medium containing 15.0 µM BAP after 12 weeks of culture. The shoot elongation and multiplication were achieved using a repeated and periodic subculturing of shoot clumps in the same medium. The optimum in vitro rooting of shoots was obtained on the half-strength WP medium supplemented with IBA (5.0 µM). The regenerated plantlets were successfully transplanted to pots containing soil, sand, and farmyard manure (1:1:1) and were maintained in a greenhouse with a survival frequency was 80%.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83535327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Kodad, Álvaro Fernández-Cuesta, L. Velasco, G. Estopañán, Mina El Baji, P. Martínez-García, P. Martínez-Gómez, Rafel Socias i Company
The phytosterol and tocopherol contents of almond kernel oil were evaluated in three almond cultivars, including the Spanish cultivar ‘Marcona’ and the French cultivars ‘Ferragnès’ and ‘Ferraduel’, grown under two different agro-climatic conditions, Zaragoza (Spain) and Meknès (Morocco). The analysis of variance showed significant effects of the genotype on kernel phytosterol content, Δ5-Avenasterol, Δ7-Campesterol, Stigmasterol and on the three tocopherol isomers. The location effect was significant on oil and kernel phytosterol contents, β-sitosterol,Δ5-avenasterol, Δ7-stigmastenol, Δ7-campesterol and α- and γ-tocopherol. The highest value of kernel and oil phytosterol contents were observed at Meknès (1.48 g kg−1 and 2.54 g kg−1, respectively), as compared to those obtained at Zaragoza (1.31 g kg−1 and 2.54 g kg−1, respectively).The highest values ofβ-sitosterol and Δ5-avenasterol were obtained at the Zaragoza location (81.93% and 10.55% of total phytosterols, respectively).The highest value of α-tocopherol was observed in the Morocco location (496 mg kg−1 oil). These results indicate that under warm climate conditions in Morocco, the almond cultivars tend to accumulate more phytosterol and tocopherol. However, the significance of the genotype × location interaction on the phytosterol and tocopherol contentindicates that the magnitude of variation in these traits mainly depends on the genotype.
在西班牙萨拉戈萨(Zaragoza)和摩洛哥mekn (mekn)两种不同的农业气候条件下，对西班牙品种Marcona、法国品种ferragn和Ferraduel进行了杏仁仁油植物甾醇和生育酚含量的测定。方差分析表明，基因型对籽粒植物甾醇含量、Δ5-Avenasterol、Δ7-Campesterol、豆甾醇和生育酚三种异构体均有显著影响。籽油和籽粒甾醇含量、β-谷甾醇、Δ5-avenasterol、Δ7-stigmastenol、Δ7-campesterol和α-和γ-生育酚的位置效应显著。与萨拉戈萨(分别为1.31 g kg - 1和2.54 g kg - 1)相比，mekn籽粒和油中的植物甾醇含量最高(分别为1.48 g kg - 1和2.54 g kg - 1)。β-谷甾醇和Δ5-avenasterol的含量在萨拉戈萨地区最高，分别占总甾醇的81.93%和10.55%。摩洛哥地区α-生育酚含量最高(496 mg kg−1油)。这些结果表明，在摩洛哥温暖的气候条件下，杏仁品种倾向于积累更多的植物甾醇和生育酚。然而，基因型×位置互作对植物甾醇和生育酚含量的影响表明，这些性状的变异幅度主要取决于基因型。
{"title":"Genotype and Environment Effects on Phytosterol and Tocopherol Contents in Almond Kernel Oil","authors":"O. Kodad, Álvaro Fernández-Cuesta, L. Velasco, G. Estopañán, Mina El Baji, P. Martínez-García, P. Martínez-Gómez, Rafel Socias i Company","doi":"10.3390/seeds1040022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040022","url":null,"abstract":"The phytosterol and tocopherol contents of almond kernel oil were evaluated in three almond cultivars, including the Spanish cultivar ‘Marcona’ and the French cultivars ‘Ferragnès’ and ‘Ferraduel’, grown under two different agro-climatic conditions, Zaragoza (Spain) and Meknès (Morocco). The analysis of variance showed significant effects of the genotype on kernel phytosterol content, Δ5-Avenasterol, Δ7-Campesterol, Stigmasterol and on the three tocopherol isomers. The location effect was significant on oil and kernel phytosterol contents, β-sitosterol,Δ5-avenasterol, Δ7-stigmastenol, Δ7-campesterol and α- and γ-tocopherol. The highest value of kernel and oil phytosterol contents were observed at Meknès (1.48 g kg−1 and 2.54 g kg−1, respectively), as compared to those obtained at Zaragoza (1.31 g kg−1 and 2.54 g kg−1, respectively).The highest values ofβ-sitosterol and Δ5-avenasterol were obtained at the Zaragoza location (81.93% and 10.55% of total phytosterols, respectively).The highest value of α-tocopherol was observed in the Morocco location (496 mg kg−1 oil). These results indicate that under warm climate conditions in Morocco, the almond cultivars tend to accumulate more phytosterol and tocopherol. However, the significance of the genotype × location interaction on the phytosterol and tocopherol contentindicates that the magnitude of variation in these traits mainly depends on the genotype.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83275284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor Hilal Abushamleh, A. El-Keblawy, Kareem A. Mosa, S. Soliman, François Mitterand Tsombou
Citrullus colocynthis, a native plant with potential uses as a feedstock for edible oil, biodiesel, and animal feed make it a potential cash crop. The importance of propagating this species under saline arid habitats necessitates understanding environmental factors affecting salinity and drought tolerance during the germination stage. Here, we assessed the impacts of seed collection time, the temperature of incubation on salinity, and drought tolerance during the seed germination stage of different accessions growing in the botanical garden of the University of Sharjah. No previous study assessed the interactive effects of these factors on the drought and salinity tolerance of this species. Three accessions (9, 10, and 13) differed in fruit and seed size and color, and germination behavior, and were selected from an earlier study. Seeds that matured in summer and winter on these accessions were treated with three salinities (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl), and PEG levels (0, −0.3, and −0.6 MPa) and incubated at two temperatures (20/30 and 25/35 °C). The results showed significant effects of all factors (collection time, temperature, drought, and salinity) and their interactions on germination percentage. Seeds of C. colocynthis were very sensitive to salinity and drought stress, and the sensitivity depended on the time of seed collection, accession, and incubation temperature. The overall germination and tolerance to salinity and drought were significantly greater in seeds of accession 10, seeds that matured in summer, and seeds incubated at 25/35 °C. The germination in NaCl solutions was greater than in PEG solutions, indicating that seed germination was more sensitive to osmotic stress created by PEG than NaCl. Moreover, when transferred from NaCl, the recovery of ungerminated seeds was greater than in PEG solutions. This result indicates that the detrimental effect of salinity in C. colocynthis could be mainly attributed to osmotic rather than ion-toxicity effects. To adopt C. colocynthis as a cash crop or to restore degraded desert habitats, it is recommended to use seeds of drought- and salt-tolerant accessions (e.g., 10), especially those that mature in summer.
瓜泥是一种具有潜在用途的本地植物，可作为食用油、生物柴油和动物饲料的原料，使其成为潜在的经济作物。在盐碱干旱生境下繁殖的重要性在于了解影响萌发期耐盐性和耐旱性的环境因素。以沙迦大学植物园为研究对象，研究了种子采集时间、培养温度对种子萌发期盐分和耐旱性的影响。以前没有研究评估这些因素对该物种耐旱性和耐盐性的相互作用。3个材料(9、10和13)在果实和种子的大小、颜色和发芽行为上存在差异，这些材料都是从早期的研究中选择的。将夏季和冬季成熟的种子分别用3种盐度(0、50和100 mM NaCl)和PEG(0、−0.3和−0.6 MPa)处理，并在20/30和25/35℃两种温度下孵育。结果表明，采收时间、温度、干旱和盐度及其相互作用对发芽率均有显著影响。绿藻种子对盐胁迫和干旱胁迫非常敏感，其敏感性与种子采集时间、收获时间和孵育温度有关。在25/35°C孵育条件下，处理10号种子、夏季成熟种子和种子的总体发芽率、耐盐性和耐旱性显著提高。在NaCl溶液中的萌发率高于在PEG溶液中的萌发率，说明种子萌发对PEG造成的渗透胁迫比NaCl更敏感。此外，当从NaCl转移时，未发芽种子的回收率大于PEG溶液。这一结果表明，盐度对巨藻的有害作用可能主要是渗透作用而不是离子毒性作用。为了将巨藻草作为经济作物或恢复退化的沙漠生境，建议使用耐旱和耐盐品种的种子(例如，10)，特别是在夏季成熟的种子。
{"title":"Different Traits Affect Salinity and Drought Tolerance during Germination of Citrullus colocynthis, a Potential Cash Crop in Arid Lands","authors":"Noor Hilal Abushamleh, A. El-Keblawy, Kareem A. Mosa, S. Soliman, François Mitterand Tsombou","doi":"10.3390/seeds1040021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040021","url":null,"abstract":"Citrullus colocynthis, a native plant with potential uses as a feedstock for edible oil, biodiesel, and animal feed make it a potential cash crop. The importance of propagating this species under saline arid habitats necessitates understanding environmental factors affecting salinity and drought tolerance during the germination stage. Here, we assessed the impacts of seed collection time, the temperature of incubation on salinity, and drought tolerance during the seed germination stage of different accessions growing in the botanical garden of the University of Sharjah. No previous study assessed the interactive effects of these factors on the drought and salinity tolerance of this species. Three accessions (9, 10, and 13) differed in fruit and seed size and color, and germination behavior, and were selected from an earlier study. Seeds that matured in summer and winter on these accessions were treated with three salinities (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl), and PEG levels (0, −0.3, and −0.6 MPa) and incubated at two temperatures (20/30 and 25/35 °C). The results showed significant effects of all factors (collection time, temperature, drought, and salinity) and their interactions on germination percentage. Seeds of C. colocynthis were very sensitive to salinity and drought stress, and the sensitivity depended on the time of seed collection, accession, and incubation temperature. The overall germination and tolerance to salinity and drought were significantly greater in seeds of accession 10, seeds that matured in summer, and seeds incubated at 25/35 °C. The germination in NaCl solutions was greater than in PEG solutions, indicating that seed germination was more sensitive to osmotic stress created by PEG than NaCl. Moreover, when transferred from NaCl, the recovery of ungerminated seeds was greater than in PEG solutions. This result indicates that the detrimental effect of salinity in C. colocynthis could be mainly attributed to osmotic rather than ion-toxicity effects. To adopt C. colocynthis as a cash crop or to restore degraded desert habitats, it is recommended to use seeds of drought- and salt-tolerant accessions (e.g., 10), especially those that mature in summer.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80944497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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