Knowledge about the pharmacological benefits of different seeds is an important factor for the cultivation and application of medicinal herbs and plants. The seeds of medicinal plants are stores of valuable and active secondary metabolites that have been commercially and economically beneficial and helpful for medicine and pharmacy. The major parameter of reproduction and the preservation of plants are seeds, which have a functional role in the distribution and establishment of plants in different regions. Five important seeds that have tremendous medicinal and pharmacological benefits are anise, basil, borage, cilantro, and chamomile. Anise seed is used as a spice, either whole or ground, and its essential oil and extract are also obtained from the seeds. Basil seeds have a long history of usage in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, and they are a good source of minerals, are high in fiber (including pectin), and are rich is flavonoids and other polyphenols. Borage seed oil is used for skin disorders, such as seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and neurodermatitis. Coriander is an annual herb that is part of the Apiaceae family, and the seeds are rich in iron, zinc, copper, and essential minerals, which can decrease bad cholesterol and improve good cholesterol in the body. Chamomile can be considered for the treatment of insomnia, hemorrhoids, anxiety, and diarrhea, and it may help with wound healing and skin irritation. Keyword searches for Anise, Seed, Basil, Borage, Cilantro, Chamomile, Seed biology, Traditional medicinal science, and seed anatomy were performed using Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google scholar. The aim of this article review is to survey the pharmacological and health benefits of the seeds of the five aforementioned important medicinal plants.
了解不同种子的药理作用是种植和应用草药和植物的重要因素。药用植物的种子是有价值和活性的次生代谢物的储存，这些代谢物在商业和经济上都是有益的，对医学和药学有帮助。植物繁殖和保存的主要参数是种子，种子对植物在不同地区的分布和建立具有功能作用。五种重要的种子具有巨大的药用和药理价值，它们是八角、罗勒、琉璃苣、香菜和洋甘菊。茴香籽可用作香料，可以是整粒的，也可以是磨碎的，它的精油和提取物也可以从种子中提取。罗勒籽在中国和印度草药中有着悠久的使用历史，它们是矿物质的良好来源，富含纤维(包括果胶)，富含类黄酮和其他多酚。琉璃苣籽油用于皮肤疾病，如脂溢性皮炎、特应性皮炎和神经性皮炎。香菜是一种一年生草本植物，属于Apiaceae家族，其种子富含铁、锌、铜和必需的矿物质，可以降低体内的坏胆固醇，提高体内的好胆固醇。洋甘菊可用于治疗失眠、痔疮、焦虑和腹泻，它可能有助于伤口愈合和皮肤刺激。使用Scopus、Web of science、PubMed和Google scholar对大茴香、种子、罗勒、琉璃苣、香菜、洋甘菊、种子生物学、传统医学和种子解剖学进行关键词搜索。本文综述了上述五种重要药用植物种子的药理和保健作用。
{"title":"Five Important Seeds in Traditional Medicine, and Pharmacological Benefits","authors":"M. H. Shahrajabian, Wenli Sun","doi":"10.3390/seeds2030022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2030022","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge about the pharmacological benefits of different seeds is an important factor for the cultivation and application of medicinal herbs and plants. The seeds of medicinal plants are stores of valuable and active secondary metabolites that have been commercially and economically beneficial and helpful for medicine and pharmacy. The major parameter of reproduction and the preservation of plants are seeds, which have a functional role in the distribution and establishment of plants in different regions. Five important seeds that have tremendous medicinal and pharmacological benefits are anise, basil, borage, cilantro, and chamomile. Anise seed is used as a spice, either whole or ground, and its essential oil and extract are also obtained from the seeds. Basil seeds have a long history of usage in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, and they are a good source of minerals, are high in fiber (including pectin), and are rich is flavonoids and other polyphenols. Borage seed oil is used for skin disorders, such as seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and neurodermatitis. Coriander is an annual herb that is part of the Apiaceae family, and the seeds are rich in iron, zinc, copper, and essential minerals, which can decrease bad cholesterol and improve good cholesterol in the body. Chamomile can be considered for the treatment of insomnia, hemorrhoids, anxiety, and diarrhea, and it may help with wound healing and skin irritation. Keyword searches for Anise, Seed, Basil, Borage, Cilantro, Chamomile, Seed biology, Traditional medicinal science, and seed anatomy were performed using Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google scholar. The aim of this article review is to survey the pharmacological and health benefits of the seeds of the five aforementioned important medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90657560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chao Tan, Jia Song, Tan Zhang, Mengxiao Liang, Suxin Li, Huabin Liu, Shuzhen Men
Auxin plays an essential role in regulating Arabidopsis growth and development. YUCCA (YUC) family genes encode flavin monooxygenases, which are rate-limiting enzymes in the auxin biosynthetic pathway. Previous studies showed that YUC8 overexpression (YUC8 OE), as well as ectopic expression of YUC8 driven by GL2 (GLABRA 2) and TT12 (TRANSPARENT TESTA 12) promoters, which are specifically expressed in the epidermis and inner seed integument, respectively, produced larger seeds compared to the Col. However, the impact of these transgenic lines on the vegetative growth of Arabidopsis remains unclear. Here, we show that the GL2pro:YUC8-GFP and TT12pro:YUC8-GFP transgenic plants produce a moderate excessive auxin accumulation phenotype compared to the YUC8 OE. These two transgenic lines produced smaller rosette and leaf, higher plant height, fewer branches, and longer siliques. These data will provide a basis for the study of the relationship between the ectopic expression of auxin synthesis genes and crop yield.
{"title":"Ectopic Expression of AtYUC8 Driven by GL2 and TT12 Promoters Affects the Vegetative Growth of Arabidopsis","authors":"Chao Tan, Jia Song, Tan Zhang, Mengxiao Liang, Suxin Li, Huabin Liu, Shuzhen Men","doi":"10.3390/seeds2030021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2030021","url":null,"abstract":"Auxin plays an essential role in regulating Arabidopsis growth and development. YUCCA (YUC) family genes encode flavin monooxygenases, which are rate-limiting enzymes in the auxin biosynthetic pathway. Previous studies showed that YUC8 overexpression (YUC8 OE), as well as ectopic expression of YUC8 driven by GL2 (GLABRA 2) and TT12 (TRANSPARENT TESTA 12) promoters, which are specifically expressed in the epidermis and inner seed integument, respectively, produced larger seeds compared to the Col. However, the impact of these transgenic lines on the vegetative growth of Arabidopsis remains unclear. Here, we show that the GL2pro:YUC8-GFP and TT12pro:YUC8-GFP transgenic plants produce a moderate excessive auxin accumulation phenotype compared to the YUC8 OE. These two transgenic lines produced smaller rosette and leaf, higher plant height, fewer branches, and longer siliques. These data will provide a basis for the study of the relationship between the ectopic expression of auxin synthesis genes and crop yield.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77997825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many weeds produce dormant seeds that are unable to complete germination under favourable conditions. There are two types of seed dormancy: primary dormancy (innate dormancy), in which seeds are in a dormant state upon release from the parent plant, and secondary dormancy (induced dormancy), in which dormancy develops in seeds through some experience after release from the parent plant. Mechanisms of seed dormancy are categorized as embryo dormancy and coat-imposed dormancy. In embryo dormancy, the control of dormancy resides within the embryo itself, and in coat-imposed dormancy, it is maintained by the structures enclosing the embryo. Many factors can influence seed dormancy during development and after dispersal; they can be abiotic, biotic, or a combination of both. Most weeds deposit a large number of seeds in the seed bank, which can be one of two types—transient or persistent. In the transient type, all viable seeds in the soil germinate or die within one year, and there is no carry-over until a new crop is deposited. In the persistent type, at least some seeds survive in the soil for more than one year and there is always some carry-over until a new crop is deposited. Some dormant seeds require after-ripening—changes in dry seeds that cause or improve germination. Nondormant, viable seeds can germinate if they encounter appropriate conditions. In the face of climate change, including global warming, some weeds produce a large proportion of nondormant seeds, which germinate shortly after dispersal, and a smaller, more transient seed bank. Further studies are required to explore this phenomenon.
{"title":"Environmental Regulation of Weed Seed Dormancy and Germination","authors":"M. Qaderi","doi":"10.3390/seeds2030020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2030020","url":null,"abstract":"Many weeds produce dormant seeds that are unable to complete germination under favourable conditions. There are two types of seed dormancy: primary dormancy (innate dormancy), in which seeds are in a dormant state upon release from the parent plant, and secondary dormancy (induced dormancy), in which dormancy develops in seeds through some experience after release from the parent plant. Mechanisms of seed dormancy are categorized as embryo dormancy and coat-imposed dormancy. In embryo dormancy, the control of dormancy resides within the embryo itself, and in coat-imposed dormancy, it is maintained by the structures enclosing the embryo. Many factors can influence seed dormancy during development and after dispersal; they can be abiotic, biotic, or a combination of both. Most weeds deposit a large number of seeds in the seed bank, which can be one of two types—transient or persistent. In the transient type, all viable seeds in the soil germinate or die within one year, and there is no carry-over until a new crop is deposited. In the persistent type, at least some seeds survive in the soil for more than one year and there is always some carry-over until a new crop is deposited. Some dormant seeds require after-ripening—changes in dry seeds that cause or improve germination. Nondormant, viable seeds can germinate if they encounter appropriate conditions. In the face of climate change, including global warming, some weeds produce a large proportion of nondormant seeds, which germinate shortly after dispersal, and a smaller, more transient seed bank. Further studies are required to explore this phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73825550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. K. Adak, Abir Das, Ankita Kundu, Mitali Chatterjee, M. Hasanuzzaman
Submergence in rice fields creating inundation stress and realizing anoxia or hypoxia is a problem in agriculture. Seeds under this oxygen deficit are faced with fermentative respiration, where the end product would be poisoning the tissue viability. This is more aggravated in direct seeded rice cultivation with the accumulation of lactate as a poison. This review is concerned with the basic insights into anoxia tolerance in seeds and possible strategies to reduce anoxic shock through the modification of metabolism preceded by gene expression. The major concern of anoxic germination is starch metabolism and downstream physiological realization to facilitate escape or quiescence strategy, overcoming submergence stress. The coleoptiles facing hypoxic stress mated with transcripts for oxidative traits, energy metabolism, and proteins for membrane peroxidation in support of energy metabolism are the most important. Hypoxic genes are recovered from traditional indica and japonica land races of rice, and show changes in glycolytic flux and sugar sensing. Anoxic germination and seedling vigor are based on a combinational regulation of oxidative stress and fermentative catabolism. De novo antioxidant and antioxidative enzyme production can support improved seed germination in this condition. Pre-harvest spouting with seed-coat-induced dormancy, hormonal ratios, and hydrolyses would be of concern. Therefore, comprehensive analysis aimed to understand rice seed priming for better gas exchange, diffusion, temperature sensitivity, ion uptake, redox balance, and others. Still, in-depth insights are being awaited for better understanding the physiological and molecular basis using a multi-omics approach for better seed priming to overcome the anoxic/hypoxic revelation mostly acquainted with submergence stress.
{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms in Understanding Anoxia Tolerance in Rice Seeds under Submergence and Their Implication in Rice Biotechnology","authors":"M. K. Adak, Abir Das, Ankita Kundu, Mitali Chatterjee, M. Hasanuzzaman","doi":"10.3390/seeds2030019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2030019","url":null,"abstract":"Submergence in rice fields creating inundation stress and realizing anoxia or hypoxia is a problem in agriculture. Seeds under this oxygen deficit are faced with fermentative respiration, where the end product would be poisoning the tissue viability. This is more aggravated in direct seeded rice cultivation with the accumulation of lactate as a poison. This review is concerned with the basic insights into anoxia tolerance in seeds and possible strategies to reduce anoxic shock through the modification of metabolism preceded by gene expression. The major concern of anoxic germination is starch metabolism and downstream physiological realization to facilitate escape or quiescence strategy, overcoming submergence stress. The coleoptiles facing hypoxic stress mated with transcripts for oxidative traits, energy metabolism, and proteins for membrane peroxidation in support of energy metabolism are the most important. Hypoxic genes are recovered from traditional indica and japonica land races of rice, and show changes in glycolytic flux and sugar sensing. Anoxic germination and seedling vigor are based on a combinational regulation of oxidative stress and fermentative catabolism. De novo antioxidant and antioxidative enzyme production can support improved seed germination in this condition. Pre-harvest spouting with seed-coat-induced dormancy, hormonal ratios, and hydrolyses would be of concern. Therefore, comprehensive analysis aimed to understand rice seed priming for better gas exchange, diffusion, temperature sensitivity, ion uptake, redox balance, and others. Still, in-depth insights are being awaited for better understanding the physiological and molecular basis using a multi-omics approach for better seed priming to overcome the anoxic/hypoxic revelation mostly acquainted with submergence stress.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90086684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kataria, S. Shukla, K. Jumrani, Meeta Jain, R. Gadre
This current study examined the role of calcium (Ca) and Cyclic GMP (cGMP) in mitigating the adverse effect of salt stress through magnetopriming of soybean cultivar JS-335 seeds with a static magnetic field (SMF, 200 mT for 1 h). The salt stress (50 mMNaCl) extensively reduced the early seedling growth (64%), vigour Index-I (71%), vigour Index-II (39%), total amylase (59%), protease (63%), and nitrate reductase (NR, 19%) activities in un-primed soybean seedlings. However, magnetopriming and Ca treatment enhanced all of these measured parameters along with remarkable increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) content. The exogenous application of Ca2+, cGMP and ROS regulators such as nifedipine (Ca2+ channel blocker), EGTA, ethylene glycol-β-amino ethyl ether tetra acetic acid (Ca2+chelators), genistein (cGMP blocker), and dimethyl thiourea (DMTU, H2O2 inhibitor) negatively affects the SMF-induced seedling length, seedling vigour, ROS, NO, and enzyme activities such as protease, total amylase, and NR in soybean seedlings. Results presented by using specific various biochemical inhibitors of Ca, cGMP, or ROS signalling in vivo indicated that Ca and cGMP are also involved with ROS and NO in the signal transduction of magnetic field enthused soybean seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress.
{"title":"Stimulating Role of Calcium and Cyclic GMP in Mediating the Effect of Magnetopriming for Alleviation of Salt Stress in Soybean Seedlings","authors":"S. Kataria, S. Shukla, K. Jumrani, Meeta Jain, R. Gadre","doi":"10.3390/seeds2020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2020018","url":null,"abstract":"This current study examined the role of calcium (Ca) and Cyclic GMP (cGMP) in mitigating the adverse effect of salt stress through magnetopriming of soybean cultivar JS-335 seeds with a static magnetic field (SMF, 200 mT for 1 h). The salt stress (50 mMNaCl) extensively reduced the early seedling growth (64%), vigour Index-I (71%), vigour Index-II (39%), total amylase (59%), protease (63%), and nitrate reductase (NR, 19%) activities in un-primed soybean seedlings. However, magnetopriming and Ca treatment enhanced all of these measured parameters along with remarkable increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) content. The exogenous application of Ca2+, cGMP and ROS regulators such as nifedipine (Ca2+ channel blocker), EGTA, ethylene glycol-β-amino ethyl ether tetra acetic acid (Ca2+chelators), genistein (cGMP blocker), and dimethyl thiourea (DMTU, H2O2 inhibitor) negatively affects the SMF-induced seedling length, seedling vigour, ROS, NO, and enzyme activities such as protease, total amylase, and NR in soybean seedlings. Results presented by using specific various biochemical inhibitors of Ca, cGMP, or ROS signalling in vivo indicated that Ca and cGMP are also involved with ROS and NO in the signal transduction of magnetic field enthused soybean seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74176387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sporadic cone (or seed) production challenges longleaf pine forest restoration. Characterizing annual cone production change from long-term monitored data provides functional information on the foundational species of this imperiled ecosystem. In this study, permutation entropy (PE) and phase change were used to analyze longleaf pine annual cone production based on cone counts from four sites (Escambia Experimental Forest, Blackwater River State Forest, The Jones Center at Ichauway, and Sandhills State Forest). PE is an analytical tool to measure the complexity of a dynamic system while phase change characterizes the stage of self-organization. Results indicate that PE at each site was close to 1.0 (largely random changes in annual cone production) and generally increased with time. The positive association between the permutation entropy of cone production and average air temperature at different times was significant at two sites (Blackwater River State Forest and The Jones Center at Ichauway). The frequency distribution of phases (e.g., Poor (P), Fair (F), Good (G), Bumper (B)) in cone production followed negative power laws. Phase P could transition to any stage, but more than 50% remained in P across sites. For phase G, it would revert to P more than 50% of the time. Phase B would shift to P, except at Sandhills State Forest. The average lasting time of phase P was approximately 3.7 years. The overall relationship between the interval time of phase B and cone production was not statistically significant. Similarly, the overall relationship between cone production in phase B and the phase change times between consecutive B phases was not statistically significant. These results provide information on the ecological complexity of cone (or seed) production. Our methods can be helpful for estimating the occurrence of bumper cone (or seed) production, the lasting period between phase changes, and providing a tool for predicting natural regeneration potential over time for longleaf pine and other tree species (e.g., masting species).
散发性球果(或种子)生产对长叶松林恢复构成挑战。从长期监测数据中描述年际球果产量的变化提供了关于这一濒危生态系统基础物种的功能信息。本研究基于Escambia实验森林、黑水河州立森林、伊肖韦琼斯中心和沙丘州立森林4个地点的球果数量，利用排列熵和相变分析了长叶松的年球果产量。PE是衡量动态系统复杂性的分析工具，而相变则是自组织阶段的特征。结果表明，各样地的PE值均接近1.0，且随时间的增加而增加。在黑水河州立森林和伊肖韦琼斯中心两个地点，不同时期的平均气温与采果产量的排列熵呈显著正相关。锥体生产中相位的频率分布(例如，Poor (P)， Fair (F)， Good (G)， Bumper (B))遵循负幂律。阶段P可以过渡到任何阶段，但超过50%的蛋白仍在P中。对于相位G，它会在50%以上的时间内恢复到P。阶段B将转移到P，除了沙丘州立森林。P期平均持续时间约3.7年。B相间隔时间与锥体产量之间的总体关系无统计学意义。同样，B阶段的锥体产量与连续B阶段之间的相变次数之间的总体关系没有统计学意义。这些结果提供了有关球果(或种子)生产的生态复杂性的信息。我们的方法可以帮助估计丰穗(或种子)生产的发生、阶段变化之间的持续时间，并为预测长叶松和其他树种(如木栓种)随时间的自然更新潜力提供工具。
{"title":"Characterizing the Change of Annual Cone Production in Longleaf Pine Forests","authors":"Xiongwen Chen, J. L. Willis","doi":"10.3390/seeds2020017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2020017","url":null,"abstract":"Sporadic cone (or seed) production challenges longleaf pine forest restoration. Characterizing annual cone production change from long-term monitored data provides functional information on the foundational species of this imperiled ecosystem. In this study, permutation entropy (PE) and phase change were used to analyze longleaf pine annual cone production based on cone counts from four sites (Escambia Experimental Forest, Blackwater River State Forest, The Jones Center at Ichauway, and Sandhills State Forest). PE is an analytical tool to measure the complexity of a dynamic system while phase change characterizes the stage of self-organization. Results indicate that PE at each site was close to 1.0 (largely random changes in annual cone production) and generally increased with time. The positive association between the permutation entropy of cone production and average air temperature at different times was significant at two sites (Blackwater River State Forest and The Jones Center at Ichauway). The frequency distribution of phases (e.g., Poor (P), Fair (F), Good (G), Bumper (B)) in cone production followed negative power laws. Phase P could transition to any stage, but more than 50% remained in P across sites. For phase G, it would revert to P more than 50% of the time. Phase B would shift to P, except at Sandhills State Forest. The average lasting time of phase P was approximately 3.7 years. The overall relationship between the interval time of phase B and cone production was not statistically significant. Similarly, the overall relationship between cone production in phase B and the phase change times between consecutive B phases was not statistically significant. These results provide information on the ecological complexity of cone (or seed) production. Our methods can be helpful for estimating the occurrence of bumper cone (or seed) production, the lasting period between phase changes, and providing a tool for predicting natural regeneration potential over time for longleaf pine and other tree species (e.g., masting species).","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"s3-43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90834406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. J. Silva, Raquel Araujo Gomes, Maria Aparecida Rodrigues Ferreira, C. R. Pelacani, B. F. Dantas
Tetrazolium test (TZT) can quickly evaluate in detail the viability and vigor of seeds. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for conducting the TZT on seeds of Handroanthus spongiosus. For this purpose, seeds from three lots were pre-soaked in water for 16 h, followed by extraction of the tegument and immersion in tetrazolium salt solutions at different concentrations (0.01–0.1%), for increasing periods (1–4 h) and at 30 °C in the dark. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with 25 seeds per repetition. We applied generalized linear models and the Tukey test for pairwise comparisons of the means at 5% probability. The viability/vigor results were compared with data obtained from the germination test at 25 °C using a subsample of seeds from the same lots. The time (1 h to 4 h) of immersion of the seeds in tetrazolium salt solutions did not cause a clear coloration difference. The seeds subjected to all treatment concentrations for 3 h presented average viability greater than 60%, with no difference in germination percentage. The TZT at 0.01% tetrazolium salt solution for 3 h was most efficient in assessing the viability of the Handroanthus spongiosus seeds.
{"title":"Physiological Potential of Seeds of Handroanthus spongiosus (Rizzini) S. Grose (Bignoniaceae) Determined by the Tetrazolium Test","authors":"J. J. Silva, Raquel Araujo Gomes, Maria Aparecida Rodrigues Ferreira, C. R. Pelacani, B. F. Dantas","doi":"10.3390/seeds2020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2020016","url":null,"abstract":"Tetrazolium test (TZT) can quickly evaluate in detail the viability and vigor of seeds. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for conducting the TZT on seeds of Handroanthus spongiosus. For this purpose, seeds from three lots were pre-soaked in water for 16 h, followed by extraction of the tegument and immersion in tetrazolium salt solutions at different concentrations (0.01–0.1%), for increasing periods (1–4 h) and at 30 °C in the dark. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with 25 seeds per repetition. We applied generalized linear models and the Tukey test for pairwise comparisons of the means at 5% probability. The viability/vigor results were compared with data obtained from the germination test at 25 °C using a subsample of seeds from the same lots. The time (1 h to 4 h) of immersion of the seeds in tetrazolium salt solutions did not cause a clear coloration difference. The seeds subjected to all treatment concentrations for 3 h presented average viability greater than 60%, with no difference in germination percentage. The TZT at 0.01% tetrazolium salt solution for 3 h was most efficient in assessing the viability of the Handroanthus spongiosus seeds.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"s3-36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90826916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sushanth Kumar, Sudipta Basu, J. Aravind, A. Anand
Onion seeds are prone to rapid germination and viability losses under unfavourable storage conditions. The final germination percentage is considered the most important parameter for determining the performance of seed lots after storage, although other quantitative traits, such as the time and speed of germination, help in more realistic predictions of seed germination. A study was conducted on seventeen seed lots of onion seeds to delineate the most comprehensive parameter indicating seed performance after storage using the four-parameter Hill function (4-PHF) mathematical model. Seeds of seventeen onion cultivars were subjected to accelerated ageing at 42 °C and 100% RH for 48, 96 and 144 h, followed by seed germination evaluation. The germination performance was evaluated by 4-PHF based on time-related parameters, such as the time to maximum germination rate (TMGR), time to 50% germination (T50), and uniformity (U), along with the germination percentage (a), shape and steepness of the Four-Parameter Hill Function (FPHF) curve (b), which were important determinants of the area under curve (AUC), and RoG (rate of germination) curves. Among the parameters, the AUC was found to provide the most comprehensive evaluation of the storage performance of the onion varieties and was decisive in the classification of the varieties as ‘good’ or ‘poor’ storers. A positive correlation between seed vigour index-I (SVI-I) and the AUC reiterated the suitability of using 4-PHF parameters for the assessment of the storage potential of onion varieties.
在不利的贮藏条件下，洋葱种子容易快速发芽和丧失活力。最终发芽率被认为是决定种子储存后表现的最重要参数，尽管其他数量性状，如发芽时间和速度，有助于更现实地预测种子发芽。采用四参数Hill函数(4-PHF)数学模型，对17个洋葱种子批次进行了研究，以获得反映种子贮藏后性能的最全面的参数。将17个洋葱品种的种子在42°C和100% RH条件下加速老化48、96和144 h，然后进行种子萌发评价。采用4-PHF法，根据最大发芽率时间(TMGR)、50%发芽率时间(T50)、均匀度(U)等时间参数，以及决定曲线下面积(AUC)和发芽率(RoG)曲线的发芽率(a)、四参数山函数(FPHF)曲线的形状和陡峭度(b)，对种子的萌发性能进行评价。在这些参数中，AUC对洋葱品种的贮藏性能提供了最全面的评价，并对品种的贮藏好坏起着决定性的作用。种子活力指数- i (SVI-I)与AUC呈显著正相关，再次证明了用4-PHF参数评价洋葱品种贮藏潜力的适用性。
{"title":"Assessment of Storage Potential of Onion Varieties Using Variables Extracted from a Mathematical Model 4-Parameter Hill Function (4-PHF)","authors":"S. Sushanth Kumar, Sudipta Basu, J. Aravind, A. Anand","doi":"10.3390/seeds2020015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2020015","url":null,"abstract":"Onion seeds are prone to rapid germination and viability losses under unfavourable storage conditions. The final germination percentage is considered the most important parameter for determining the performance of seed lots after storage, although other quantitative traits, such as the time and speed of germination, help in more realistic predictions of seed germination. A study was conducted on seventeen seed lots of onion seeds to delineate the most comprehensive parameter indicating seed performance after storage using the four-parameter Hill function (4-PHF) mathematical model. Seeds of seventeen onion cultivars were subjected to accelerated ageing at 42 °C and 100% RH for 48, 96 and 144 h, followed by seed germination evaluation. The germination performance was evaluated by 4-PHF based on time-related parameters, such as the time to maximum germination rate (TMGR), time to 50% germination (T50), and uniformity (U), along with the germination percentage (a), shape and steepness of the Four-Parameter Hill Function (FPHF) curve (b), which were important determinants of the area under curve (AUC), and RoG (rate of germination) curves. Among the parameters, the AUC was found to provide the most comprehensive evaluation of the storage performance of the onion varieties and was decisive in the classification of the varieties as ‘good’ or ‘poor’ storers. A positive correlation between seed vigour index-I (SVI-I) and the AUC reiterated the suitability of using 4-PHF parameters for the assessment of the storage potential of onion varieties.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73326511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Mendes-Rodrigues, A. P. S. Caetano, D. S. Sampaio, J. M. Pereira, João Paulo Ribeiro‐Oliveira, P. Oliveira, M. Ranal
The occurrence of more than one embryo per seed (polyembryony) is common among angiosperms; however, there are gaps in the knowledge of its effects on the early stages of plant development. In this context, we study the effects of polyembryony and intraspecific variability in gemellar competition during the seed–seedling transition in Neotropical Handroanthus chrysotricus (Bignoniaceae). We used seeds from five cultivated trees in an urban environment inserted in a biodiversity hotspot (Cerrado). Embryo mass, seed germination, seedling emergence and seedling morphometry were evaluated. We did not find intraspecific variability in seed germination, seedling emergence or the mean number of embryos and seedlings per seed. On the other hand, intraspecific variability was observed during the transition from embryo to seedling. When only one seedling emerged from a seed, the seed–seedling transition was more asynchronous than when more seedlings emerged from one seed (with higher uncertainty and a longer time to emergence of the last seedling). The mass of embryos and seedlings decreased with the increase in the number of embryos in a seed, reinforcing the occurrence of gemellar competition. However, the total mass of embryos per seed was similar. The increase in seedlings per seed also decreased the morphometric measurements of each one. A positive morphometric aspect of the emergence of two seedlings per seed was that they had the highest total seedling mass, evidencing the positive Allee effect. Polyembryony had both positive and negative effects on seed germination and seedling morphology in the species, which helps to understand how this phenomenon acts on seed biology and plant establishment.
{"title":"Gemellar Competition as a Key Component in Seed–Seedling Transition of Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Mart. ex A. DC.) Mattos (Bignoniaceae)","authors":"C. Mendes-Rodrigues, A. P. S. Caetano, D. S. Sampaio, J. M. Pereira, João Paulo Ribeiro‐Oliveira, P. Oliveira, M. Ranal","doi":"10.3390/seeds2020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2020014","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of more than one embryo per seed (polyembryony) is common among angiosperms; however, there are gaps in the knowledge of its effects on the early stages of plant development. In this context, we study the effects of polyembryony and intraspecific variability in gemellar competition during the seed–seedling transition in Neotropical Handroanthus chrysotricus (Bignoniaceae). We used seeds from five cultivated trees in an urban environment inserted in a biodiversity hotspot (Cerrado). Embryo mass, seed germination, seedling emergence and seedling morphometry were evaluated. We did not find intraspecific variability in seed germination, seedling emergence or the mean number of embryos and seedlings per seed. On the other hand, intraspecific variability was observed during the transition from embryo to seedling. When only one seedling emerged from a seed, the seed–seedling transition was more asynchronous than when more seedlings emerged from one seed (with higher uncertainty and a longer time to emergence of the last seedling). The mass of embryos and seedlings decreased with the increase in the number of embryos in a seed, reinforcing the occurrence of gemellar competition. However, the total mass of embryos per seed was similar. The increase in seedlings per seed also decreased the morphometric measurements of each one. A positive morphometric aspect of the emergence of two seedlings per seed was that they had the highest total seedling mass, evidencing the positive Allee effect. Polyembryony had both positive and negative effects on seed germination and seedling morphology in the species, which helps to understand how this phenomenon acts on seed biology and plant establishment.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74977480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shagufta, Noor-un-Nisa, Fayaz Ali Jamali, Waqas Ahmad, S. Ul-Allah, N. A. Wahocho, Muzamil Farooque Jamali, Syed Adnan Shah
Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér.) is an important commercial horticultural plant extensively used in outdoor landscaping. Seed emergence has always remained a problem in geranium due to its hard seed nature. Hence its germination and other emergence-related attributes need to be adequately tested. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the germination and seedling growth of geraniums under different types of containers. In this regard, the seeds of two varieties of geranium viz. Large FID mixed and Star mixed were planted in different types of containers. The containers included black trays plastic pots, plastic bags, and nonwoven fabric bags. The seed emergence and other germination related parameters were significantly affected by the different types of containers. However, varieties exhibited similar responses for most germination and growth characteristics. Data were collected for seed germination, mean germination time, germination index and seedling vigor index. The type of containers showed a significant impact on seedling growth and development. The taller plants with more leaves and maximum biomass production were recorded from seeds sown in nonwoven fabric type bags. The results pertaining to varieties demonstrated that Star mixed showed better emergence and vigorous seedlings in comparison with large FID mixed. The taller seedlings with maximum leaves and shoot biomass were also recorded from Star mixed grown in nonwoven fabric type bags. Based on the results, it is concluded that germanium may be raised in nonwoven fabric bags for better seed emergence and seedling growth and development.
{"title":"Comparative Effect of Varieties and Types of Containers on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Geranium (Palergonium graveolens)","authors":"Shagufta, Noor-un-Nisa, Fayaz Ali Jamali, Waqas Ahmad, S. Ul-Allah, N. A. Wahocho, Muzamil Farooque Jamali, Syed Adnan Shah","doi":"10.3390/seeds2010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds2010013","url":null,"abstract":"Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér.) is an important commercial horticultural plant extensively used in outdoor landscaping. Seed emergence has always remained a problem in geranium due to its hard seed nature. Hence its germination and other emergence-related attributes need to be adequately tested. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the germination and seedling growth of geraniums under different types of containers. In this regard, the seeds of two varieties of geranium viz. Large FID mixed and Star mixed were planted in different types of containers. The containers included black trays plastic pots, plastic bags, and nonwoven fabric bags. The seed emergence and other germination related parameters were significantly affected by the different types of containers. However, varieties exhibited similar responses for most germination and growth characteristics. Data were collected for seed germination, mean germination time, germination index and seedling vigor index. The type of containers showed a significant impact on seedling growth and development. The taller plants with more leaves and maximum biomass production were recorded from seeds sown in nonwoven fabric type bags. The results pertaining to varieties demonstrated that Star mixed showed better emergence and vigorous seedlings in comparison with large FID mixed. The taller seedlings with maximum leaves and shoot biomass were also recorded from Star mixed grown in nonwoven fabric type bags. Based on the results, it is concluded that germanium may be raised in nonwoven fabric bags for better seed emergence and seedling growth and development.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78702822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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