Jean Paul Kamseu Mogo, J. D. Fovo, B. Sop-Tamo, H. Mafouasson, Marcelline Carine Ngo Ngwem, Marie Jeanne Tebu, Georges Kamgang Youbi, S. Laminsi
This study investigates the effect of Gliding Arc Plasma Activated Water (GAPAW) technique on maize germination and growth variables. The effect of GAPAW was evaluated on corn texture, water absorption in Lab conditions, and the pathway Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of corn seeds was also carry out. Maize seeds were sown 150 m2 and then watered with tap water and with GAPAW. Seed germination, maize growth and chlorophyll content were evaluated in field conditions in a complete randomized block design with four replicates using the Acid Tolerance Population (ATP) variety. Seed texture treated with 15 min of GAPAW making it darker than those of the control (tap water). Pathway SEM analysis showed no change for the 5 min-GAPAW-treated seeds compared to the control but at 15 min-GAPAW significant changes were observed. Germination was 100% at the 15 min-GAPAW compared to the other treatments (0 and 5 min). Stem length, leaf width, collar diameter, chlorophyll content and water uptake have higher values on plants watered with 15 min-GAPAW compared to others treatments. This application could highlight the germination properties of GAPAW in crop production.
研究了滑翔弧等离子体活化水(GAPAW)技术对玉米萌发和生长的影响。在实验室条件下评价了GAPAW对玉米质地、吸水率的影响，并对玉米种子进行了路径扫描电镜(SEM)分析。玉米种子播种150 m2，然后用自来水和GAPAW浇水。以耐酸群体(ATP)品种为试验材料，采用4个完全随机区组设计，在田间条件下评价了种子萌发、玉米生长和叶绿素含量。用GAPAW处理15分钟的种子纹理，使其比对照(自来水)颜色更深。途径扫描电镜分析显示，与对照相比，5 min-GAPAW处理的种子没有变化，但在15 min-GAPAW处理时观察到显著变化。与其他处理(0和5分钟)相比，15 min gapaw的发芽率为100%。15 min-GAPAW处理的茎长、叶宽、领径、叶绿素含量和吸水量均高于其他处理。该应用可以突出GAPAW在作物生产中的萌发特性。
{"title":"Effect of Gliding Arc Plasma Activated Water (GAPAW) on Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Germination and Growth","authors":"Jean Paul Kamseu Mogo, J. D. Fovo, B. Sop-Tamo, H. Mafouasson, Marcelline Carine Ngo Ngwem, Marie Jeanne Tebu, Georges Kamgang Youbi, S. Laminsi","doi":"10.3390/seeds1040020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040020","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effect of Gliding Arc Plasma Activated Water (GAPAW) technique on maize germination and growth variables. The effect of GAPAW was evaluated on corn texture, water absorption in Lab conditions, and the pathway Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of corn seeds was also carry out. Maize seeds were sown 150 m2 and then watered with tap water and with GAPAW. Seed germination, maize growth and chlorophyll content were evaluated in field conditions in a complete randomized block design with four replicates using the Acid Tolerance Population (ATP) variety. Seed texture treated with 15 min of GAPAW making it darker than those of the control (tap water). Pathway SEM analysis showed no change for the 5 min-GAPAW-treated seeds compared to the control but at 15 min-GAPAW significant changes were observed. Germination was 100% at the 15 min-GAPAW compared to the other treatments (0 and 5 min). Stem length, leaf width, collar diameter, chlorophyll content and water uptake have higher values on plants watered with 15 min-GAPAW compared to others treatments. This application could highlight the germination properties of GAPAW in crop production.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83991878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ta, L. A., Siriguleng Bai, Xiyele Mu, Lingyan Bai, R. A, Lan Feng, M. Fu
The Mongolian medicinal herb Herba Swertiae is a group of critically endangered medicinal herbs that are difficult to obtain from the wild. This is due to their low percentage of seed germination and difficult domestication. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitable germination conditions for enabling large-scale cultivation and improving the breeding efficiency of these herbs. We used the seeds of Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries ex Nym, Gentianopsis barbata (Froel.) Ma., and Parnassis palustris L. to study their morphological characteristics and the required germination temperature and substrate. Results showed that there were aages outside the seed coats of all three Herba Swertiae collected from Hulunbuir, which had a binding effect on the primary root breaking through the seed coat to form seedlings. In addition, the seeds showed a significantly higher germination rate at 25 °C, and the percentage of seeds germinating in the mixed medium of soil and vermiculite at a 1:1 ratio was significantly higher than on filter paper. We conclude that the morphological characteristics of the seeds have great significance in promoting seed germination. Germination substrate, as an important medium, and temperature, as an important environmental condition, play crucial roles in plant seed germination.
{"title":"Morphological and Seed Germination Behavior of Three Herba Swertiae Species from Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia: Temperature and Substrate Effects","authors":"N. Ta, L. A., Siriguleng Bai, Xiyele Mu, Lingyan Bai, R. A, Lan Feng, M. Fu","doi":"10.3390/seeds1040019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040019","url":null,"abstract":"The Mongolian medicinal herb Herba Swertiae is a group of critically endangered medicinal herbs that are difficult to obtain from the wild. This is due to their low percentage of seed germination and difficult domestication. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitable germination conditions for enabling large-scale cultivation and improving the breeding efficiency of these herbs. We used the seeds of Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries ex Nym, Gentianopsis barbata (Froel.) Ma., and Parnassis palustris L. to study their morphological characteristics and the required germination temperature and substrate. Results showed that there were aages outside the seed coats of all three Herba Swertiae collected from Hulunbuir, which had a binding effect on the primary root breaking through the seed coat to form seedlings. In addition, the seeds showed a significantly higher germination rate at 25 °C, and the percentage of seeds germinating in the mixed medium of soil and vermiculite at a 1:1 ratio was significantly higher than on filter paper. We conclude that the morphological characteristics of the seeds have great significance in promoting seed germination. Germination substrate, as an important medium, and temperature, as an important environmental condition, play crucial roles in plant seed germination.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87621679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. R. Guariz, G. D. Shimizu, J. C. B. Paula, H. V. Sperandio, Walte A. Ribeiror Junior, H. Oliveira, E. Jussiani, A. Andrello, R. Marubayashi, M. H. S. Picoli, J. Ruediger, A. P. S. Couto, Kauê A. M. Moraes
The knowledge of the physiological aspects of Caatinga’s vegetal species is extremely important for preserving this biome, which suffers with human impacts, mainly to select propagation methods. Erythrina velutina is a Brazilian tree, generally found in Caatinga, with medical and forestry potential. The objective of this paper was to determine the best soaking period in gibberellin solution to achieve the highest germination and to evaluate the internal anatomy by digital microtomography of E. velutina seeds. The design was completely randomized and consisted of eight treatments: 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of soaking, scarified seeds and the control with no-scarified seeds. Digital microtomography was efficient in describing the anatomy of the seeds and distinguishing their tissues. There was no significant difference between the treatments at different soaking times, as the gibberellic acid did not influence the germination; only the control presented a lower germination percentage, differing from the other treatments. The study presents evidence that E. velutina seeds do not require the exogenous use of gibberellic acid, but only the scarification process. In addition, the use of digital microtomography can be useful in understanding the anatomy of seeds, especially forest species, which can contribute to the future studies of other plant species.
{"title":"Anatomy and Germination of Erythrina velutina Seeds under a Different Imbibition Period in Gibberellin","authors":"H. R. Guariz, G. D. Shimizu, J. C. B. Paula, H. V. Sperandio, Walte A. Ribeiror Junior, H. Oliveira, E. Jussiani, A. Andrello, R. Marubayashi, M. H. S. Picoli, J. Ruediger, A. P. S. Couto, Kauê A. M. Moraes","doi":"10.3390/seeds1030018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1030018","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge of the physiological aspects of Caatinga’s vegetal species is extremely important for preserving this biome, which suffers with human impacts, mainly to select propagation methods. Erythrina velutina is a Brazilian tree, generally found in Caatinga, with medical and forestry potential. The objective of this paper was to determine the best soaking period in gibberellin solution to achieve the highest germination and to evaluate the internal anatomy by digital microtomography of E. velutina seeds. The design was completely randomized and consisted of eight treatments: 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of soaking, scarified seeds and the control with no-scarified seeds. Digital microtomography was efficient in describing the anatomy of the seeds and distinguishing their tissues. There was no significant difference between the treatments at different soaking times, as the gibberellic acid did not influence the germination; only the control presented a lower germination percentage, differing from the other treatments. The study presents evidence that E. velutina seeds do not require the exogenous use of gibberellic acid, but only the scarification process. In addition, the use of digital microtomography can be useful in understanding the anatomy of seeds, especially forest species, which can contribute to the future studies of other plant species.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89429626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sebii, M. Bouaziz, Khadija Sghaier, S. Danthine, C. Blecker, S. Besbes, H. Attia, Brahim Bchir
This work aimed to study the osmotic-dehydration kinetics of pomegranate seeds (PSs) (Punica granatum L.) using three fruit (apple, bitter orange and grape) juice concentrates as osmotic solutions (OSs) (ratio (1/4) m/v, 55° Brix, at 50 °C). The osmodehydration time, pomegranate-seed water loss, solute gain and weight reduction were determined during the osmodehydration process. The equilibrium time periods of osmodehydration were 20, 60, 80 and 60 min for sucrose solution, and bitter-orange, apple and grape juice concentrates, respectively. The physico-chemical, biological and textural properties of PSs were significantly affected by the changes in OS. At the end of osmodehydration, the dry-matter and the Brix values were higher in all fruit-based OSs compared with sucrose OS. The color of PSs became darker in apple and grape OSs and brighter in bitter-orange OS compared with sucrose OS. On the other hand, all osmodehydrated PSs showed important antioxidant activity, with seeds osmodehydrated in grape-juice OS attaining an IC50 of 49.25 meq GA/100 g DM. All observed changes were attributed to the difference in the composition of the different OS matrices. Moreover, the hedonic analysis showed that consumers preferred osmodehydrated PSs obtained using bitter-orange juice as OS.
{"title":"The Effect of Selected Fruit (Apple, Bitter Orange and Grape) Juice Concentrates Used as Osmotic Agents on the Osmotic-Dehydration Kinetics and Physico-Chemical Properties of Pomegranate Seeds","authors":"H. Sebii, M. Bouaziz, Khadija Sghaier, S. Danthine, C. Blecker, S. Besbes, H. Attia, Brahim Bchir","doi":"10.3390/seeds1030017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1030017","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to study the osmotic-dehydration kinetics of pomegranate seeds (PSs) (Punica granatum L.) using three fruit (apple, bitter orange and grape) juice concentrates as osmotic solutions (OSs) (ratio (1/4) m/v, 55° Brix, at 50 °C). The osmodehydration time, pomegranate-seed water loss, solute gain and weight reduction were determined during the osmodehydration process. The equilibrium time periods of osmodehydration were 20, 60, 80 and 60 min for sucrose solution, and bitter-orange, apple and grape juice concentrates, respectively. The physico-chemical, biological and textural properties of PSs were significantly affected by the changes in OS. At the end of osmodehydration, the dry-matter and the Brix values were higher in all fruit-based OSs compared with sucrose OS. The color of PSs became darker in apple and grape OSs and brighter in bitter-orange OS compared with sucrose OS. On the other hand, all osmodehydrated PSs showed important antioxidant activity, with seeds osmodehydrated in grape-juice OS attaining an IC50 of 49.25 meq GA/100 g DM. All observed changes were attributed to the difference in the composition of the different OS matrices. Moreover, the hedonic analysis showed that consumers preferred osmodehydrated PSs obtained using bitter-orange juice as OS.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77565117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seed banks present in soils provide information on past/existing standing vegetation and the probable future vegetation of the area. We reviewed 187 articles related to seed banks that were published worldwide from 1859 to 2022 to understand the dynamics of soil seed banks. The heterogeneity and biodiversity of most ecosystems appear vulnerable due to the over-exploitation of soil over the years. The studies on seeds present in soil provide knowledge on species cover, which supports the restoration of degraded areas. An interesting feature observed in most references was that species identified in seed banks do not necessarily represent or reflect the standing vegetation—this is attributed to the varied dispersal mechanisms of different species. The most significant contributions of a seed bank are conservation and the provision of propagules to the ecosystem. These banks are critical for identifying the composition and spatial organisation of understorey plant communities in degraded forests following soil disturbances, such as wildfire, harvesting, and/or logging. Regeneration from soil seed banks enables biodiversity recovery in tropical forests. There has been little understanding of the function soil seed banks play in forest restoration, which is critical to the natural regeneration of forest reserves. The impact of invasive alien species and the associated soil seed banks on vegetation dynamics is poorly researched. With landscape restoration gaining significance in the present decade, it becomes exceedingly important to maintain existing vegetation. It is relevant to India, which has international commitments to restore 26 mha of degraded and deforested land by 2030. This review reveals the importance of soil seed banks and their role in the future maintenance of forest cover.
{"title":"Significance of Soil Seed Bank in Forest Vegetation—A Review","authors":"A. V., R. Warrier, C. Kunhikannan","doi":"10.3390/seeds1030016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1030016","url":null,"abstract":"Seed banks present in soils provide information on past/existing standing vegetation and the probable future vegetation of the area. We reviewed 187 articles related to seed banks that were published worldwide from 1859 to 2022 to understand the dynamics of soil seed banks. The heterogeneity and biodiversity of most ecosystems appear vulnerable due to the over-exploitation of soil over the years. The studies on seeds present in soil provide knowledge on species cover, which supports the restoration of degraded areas. An interesting feature observed in most references was that species identified in seed banks do not necessarily represent or reflect the standing vegetation—this is attributed to the varied dispersal mechanisms of different species. The most significant contributions of a seed bank are conservation and the provision of propagules to the ecosystem. These banks are critical for identifying the composition and spatial organisation of understorey plant communities in degraded forests following soil disturbances, such as wildfire, harvesting, and/or logging. Regeneration from soil seed banks enables biodiversity recovery in tropical forests. There has been little understanding of the function soil seed banks play in forest restoration, which is critical to the natural regeneration of forest reserves. The impact of invasive alien species and the associated soil seed banks on vegetation dynamics is poorly researched. With landscape restoration gaining significance in the present decade, it becomes exceedingly important to maintain existing vegetation. It is relevant to India, which has international commitments to restore 26 mha of degraded and deforested land by 2030. This review reveals the importance of soil seed banks and their role in the future maintenance of forest cover.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73719566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Vernooy, J. Rana, G. Otieno, H. Mbozi, P. Shrestha
Smallholder farmers around the world obtain their seed from various sources, which can vary over time. In some countries, smallholder farmers are gaining ground as local seed producers and sellers. This study focuses on the seed production and marketing operations, achievements, and challenges of a particular type of such producers—community seed banks—which are new players in the seed market. Pioneer case studies are presented from countries where grain legumes and dryland cereals are important crops: India, Nepal, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. A mixed methodology was used to collect data, including a literature review, focus group discussion, key informant interview, and participatory observation. The case studies demonstrate the viability of community seed banks as seed businesses but becoming successful is not easy and depends on managerial, technical, financial, social, and policy factors. The cases benefitted from strong initial support provided by a committed and experienced organization, as part of a trajectory of nurtured seed development and empowerment. Embedding local seed enterprises in seed sector networks is crucial to creating demand and gaining recognition and support. Government and development organizations could learn from the case study experiences and support programs to foster local seed businesses as key actors in integrated seed sector development.
{"title":"Farmer-Led Seed Production: Community Seed Banks Enter the National Seed Market","authors":"R. Vernooy, J. Rana, G. Otieno, H. Mbozi, P. Shrestha","doi":"10.3390/seeds1030015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1030015","url":null,"abstract":"Smallholder farmers around the world obtain their seed from various sources, which can vary over time. In some countries, smallholder farmers are gaining ground as local seed producers and sellers. This study focuses on the seed production and marketing operations, achievements, and challenges of a particular type of such producers—community seed banks—which are new players in the seed market. Pioneer case studies are presented from countries where grain legumes and dryland cereals are important crops: India, Nepal, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. A mixed methodology was used to collect data, including a literature review, focus group discussion, key informant interview, and participatory observation. The case studies demonstrate the viability of community seed banks as seed businesses but becoming successful is not easy and depends on managerial, technical, financial, social, and policy factors. The cases benefitted from strong initial support provided by a committed and experienced organization, as part of a trajectory of nurtured seed development and empowerment. Embedding local seed enterprises in seed sector networks is crucial to creating demand and gaining recognition and support. Government and development organizations could learn from the case study experiences and support programs to foster local seed businesses as key actors in integrated seed sector development.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89729586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Cocco, Domenica Farci, Patrycja Haniewicz, W. Schröder, A. Maxia, D. Piano
The correct development of seeds is a pivotal requirement for species preservation. This process depends on the balance between sensing the environmental stimuli/stressors and hormone-mediated transduction, which results in physiological responses. The red and blue regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are known to influence seed dormancy and germination. Here, we report on the effects induced by the blue (peak at 430 nm) and red (peak at 650 nm) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum on seeds from photo- and skotomorphogenetic capsules developed under white, blue, or red light. Regardless of exposure, seeds from skotomorphogenetic capsules showed an almost absent dormancy in association with altered germination kinetics. Conversely, in seeds from photomorphogenetic capsules, the exposure to the blue region induced skotomorphogenetic-like effects, while the exposure to the whole visible range (350–750 nm), as well as to only the red region, showed a dose-related trend. The observed differences appeared to be dependent on the wavelengths in the red and to be based on transduction mechanisms taking place in fruits. While the molecular bases of this differential effect need to be clarified, the results hint at the role played by different light wavelengths and intensities in seed development and germination. These findings may be relevant for applications in crop production and species safeguarding.
{"title":"The Influence of Blue and Red Light on Seed Development and Dormancy in Nicotiana tabacum L.","authors":"E. Cocco, Domenica Farci, Patrycja Haniewicz, W. Schröder, A. Maxia, D. Piano","doi":"10.3390/seeds1030014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1030014","url":null,"abstract":"The correct development of seeds is a pivotal requirement for species preservation. This process depends on the balance between sensing the environmental stimuli/stressors and hormone-mediated transduction, which results in physiological responses. The red and blue regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are known to influence seed dormancy and germination. Here, we report on the effects induced by the blue (peak at 430 nm) and red (peak at 650 nm) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum on seeds from photo- and skotomorphogenetic capsules developed under white, blue, or red light. Regardless of exposure, seeds from skotomorphogenetic capsules showed an almost absent dormancy in association with altered germination kinetics. Conversely, in seeds from photomorphogenetic capsules, the exposure to the blue region induced skotomorphogenetic-like effects, while the exposure to the whole visible range (350–750 nm), as well as to only the red region, showed a dose-related trend. The observed differences appeared to be dependent on the wavelengths in the red and to be based on transduction mechanisms taking place in fruits. While the molecular bases of this differential effect need to be clarified, the results hint at the role played by different light wavelengths and intensities in seed development and germination. These findings may be relevant for applications in crop production and species safeguarding.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83093137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For a successful germination and plant growth, seeds must germinate at the right time. Seeds must become nondormant and must fulfill the seed germination requirements. These requirements include light/dark, moisture, temperature, and other environmental cues (e.g., ethylene, exudate from host roots, or chemicals from fire) in the habitat. Seeds come out from dormancy in response to environmental cues, but depending on the species, they may need to be exposed to a second set of environmental cue to germinate. That is, nondormant seeds require specific temperature and water conditions to germination, and sometimes unfavorable temperature and water conditions will cause seeds to enter secondary dormancy. There are still mysteries about how/what environmental cues help seeds detect the right time/conditions for germination after dormancy is broken. Our knowledge of species-specific conditions is incomplete and further studies are needed.
{"title":"An Overview of Environmental Cues That Affect Germination of Nondormant Seeds","authors":"E. Soltani, C. Baskin, J. González-Andújar","doi":"10.3390/seeds1020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1020013","url":null,"abstract":"For a successful germination and plant growth, seeds must germinate at the right time. Seeds must become nondormant and must fulfill the seed germination requirements. These requirements include light/dark, moisture, temperature, and other environmental cues (e.g., ethylene, exudate from host roots, or chemicals from fire) in the habitat. Seeds come out from dormancy in response to environmental cues, but depending on the species, they may need to be exposed to a second set of environmental cue to germinate. That is, nondormant seeds require specific temperature and water conditions to germination, and sometimes unfavorable temperature and water conditions will cause seeds to enter secondary dormancy. There are still mysteries about how/what environmental cues help seeds detect the right time/conditions for germination after dormancy is broken. Our knowledge of species-specific conditions is incomplete and further studies are needed.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76986540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Cuena-Lombraña, A. Lallai, F. Belhadj, Boutheina Gharbi, G. Bacchetta
Carignan is a black grape cultivar widely planted throughout the western Mediterranean Basin. The grape faces significant viticultural hazards such as soil salinization, which affects about 6% of the world’s total land area. The search for salt tolerance genotypes to be introduced in crossbreeding programs and obtaining new cultivars is a key factor. The seed germination and salt tolerance of Carignan were studied from different coastal vineyards across the Mediterranean Basin, and as well as whether the distance from the sea affected germination and salt tolerance. Carignan seeds, independently of the temperature and distance from the sea, germinated more than 50% under 125 mM NaCl concentrations. Seed recovery was elevated, including the capacity of gemination after high salt exposure (500 mM NaCl). The results on germination behavior related to the distance from the sea showed that all tested vineyards, except for the one farthest from the sea, had similar germination responses. The optimum germination condition to select salt-tolerant accessions is alternating temperatures 25/10 °C and 125 mM NaCl. Thanks to the ability of the Carignan to germinate in a saline substrate and their capacity for recovery, it could be useful to crossbreeding programs, for integrating as rootstock selection or for the improvement of cultivars through sexual reproduction.
卡里昂是一种黑葡萄品种，广泛种植在地中海盆地西部。葡萄面临着严重的葡萄栽培危害，如土壤盐碱化，这影响了全球约6%的土地面积。寻找耐盐基因型用于杂交育种和获得新品种是一个关键因素。研究了地中海沿岸不同葡萄园的葡萄种子萌发和耐盐性，以及距离海洋的远近是否影响种子萌发和耐盐性。在125 mM NaCl浓度下，与温度和离海距离无关的Carignan种子萌发率均超过50%。高盐处理(500 mM NaCl)提高了种子恢复能力，包括萌发能力。结果表明，除了离海最远的葡萄园外，所有葡萄园的发芽反应都相似。选择耐盐品种的最佳萌发条件是交变温度25/10°C和125 mM NaCl。由于卡里根在盐水基质中发芽的能力和恢复能力，它可以用于杂交育种计划，作为砧木选择整合或通过有性繁殖来改良品种。
{"title":"Carignan Grape Cultivar Salt Tolerance during the Germination Phase across the Mediterranean Basin","authors":"A. Cuena-Lombraña, A. Lallai, F. Belhadj, Boutheina Gharbi, G. Bacchetta","doi":"10.3390/seeds1020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1020012","url":null,"abstract":"Carignan is a black grape cultivar widely planted throughout the western Mediterranean Basin. The grape faces significant viticultural hazards such as soil salinization, which affects about 6% of the world’s total land area. The search for salt tolerance genotypes to be introduced in crossbreeding programs and obtaining new cultivars is a key factor. The seed germination and salt tolerance of Carignan were studied from different coastal vineyards across the Mediterranean Basin, and as well as whether the distance from the sea affected germination and salt tolerance. Carignan seeds, independently of the temperature and distance from the sea, germinated more than 50% under 125 mM NaCl concentrations. Seed recovery was elevated, including the capacity of gemination after high salt exposure (500 mM NaCl). The results on germination behavior related to the distance from the sea showed that all tested vineyards, except for the one farthest from the sea, had similar germination responses. The optimum germination condition to select salt-tolerant accessions is alternating temperatures 25/10 °C and 125 mM NaCl. Thanks to the ability of the Carignan to germinate in a saline substrate and their capacity for recovery, it could be useful to crossbreeding programs, for integrating as rootstock selection or for the improvement of cultivars through sexual reproduction.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90198734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seed production in Pinus pinaster Aiton is not usually considered a limiting factor for natural regeneration; instead, seed weight is a more limiting factor in successful pine recruitment. Divergent relationships between seed weight and germination rate were previously observed amongst maritime pine populations of central coastal Portugal. The present study followed cone-to-seed and seed-to-seedling approaches to decrease intra-specific variability and clarify the impact of cone size and seed mass on seedling recruitment. The main objectives of this study were (1) to determine and compare the mass of cones and seeds of three maritime pine populations located along a geographic gradient along the coastal center of Portugal and (2) to clarify the relations thereof between cone and seed traits with germination phenology and initial seedling growth. Results demonstrated that heavier cones tended to generate more mature seeds, but not necessarily heavier ones, although seed weight was suggested to be an indicator of robust seedlings. The outcomes of this study reinforce the great intra-population variability of maritime pine, showing the ecology of this species and its ability to adapt to various environments successfully.
{"title":"From Cone to Seed and Seedling—Characterization of Three Portuguese Pinus pinaster Aiton Populations","authors":"P. Maia, S. Corticeiro","doi":"10.3390/seeds1020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds1020011","url":null,"abstract":"Seed production in Pinus pinaster Aiton is not usually considered a limiting factor for natural regeneration; instead, seed weight is a more limiting factor in successful pine recruitment. Divergent relationships between seed weight and germination rate were previously observed amongst maritime pine populations of central coastal Portugal. The present study followed cone-to-seed and seed-to-seedling approaches to decrease intra-specific variability and clarify the impact of cone size and seed mass on seedling recruitment. The main objectives of this study were (1) to determine and compare the mass of cones and seeds of three maritime pine populations located along a geographic gradient along the coastal center of Portugal and (2) to clarify the relations thereof between cone and seed traits with germination phenology and initial seedling growth. Results demonstrated that heavier cones tended to generate more mature seeds, but not necessarily heavier ones, although seed weight was suggested to be an indicator of robust seedlings. The outcomes of this study reinforce the great intra-population variability of maritime pine, showing the ecology of this species and its ability to adapt to various environments successfully.","PeriodicalId":85504,"journal":{"name":"Seeds (New York, N.Y.)","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86001800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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