{"title":"Discussant's comments on “International statistical co-operation”","authors":"L. Cook","doi":"10.3233/SJU-2003-20211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SJU-2003-20211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85585,"journal":{"name":"Statistical journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe","volume":"42 1","pages":"163-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73466975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper looks at the U.S. experience and uses it as a benchmark for identifying the key questions that are being asked about the role and influence of MNC's and the types of statistics that are required to answer those questions. The paper goes on to assess whether the U.S. statistics that are now available are adequate to help us answer those questions. Finally, it identifies steps that might be considered to address data weaknesses and to help policy makers and other data users -- both in the United States and abroad -- better answer the important questions that they now are asking about the impact of foreign direct investment.
{"title":"Globalization and multinational companies: What are the questions, and how well are we doing in answering them?","authors":"J. Steven Landefeld, Ralph H. Kozlow","doi":"10.3233/SJU-2003-20206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SJU-2003-20206","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks at the U.S. experience and uses it as a benchmark for identifying the key questions that are being asked about the role and influence of MNC's and the types of statistics that are required to answer those questions. The paper goes on to assess whether the U.S. statistics that are now available are adequate to help us answer those questions. Finally, it identifies steps that might be considered to address data weaknesses and to help policy makers and other data users -- both in the United States and abroad -- better answer the important questions that they now are asking about the impact of foreign direct investment.","PeriodicalId":85585,"journal":{"name":"Statistical journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe","volume":"4 1","pages":"111-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86909859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A multinational enterprise (MNE) is a firm that has productive capacity in a number of countries. The profit and income flows it generates are part of foreign capital flows moving among nations. The role of multinational enterprises, or transnational corporations, becomes more important as countries adopt more open outward oriented approaches to economic growth and development. From the point of view of national statistical offices (NSOs), it has become a more pressing and significant challenge to provide illuminating insights into the functioning and role of multinational enterprises. MNEs, however, operate across geo-political boundaries and do not necessarily regard these boundaries as dominant factors in determining their forms of organization and information systems. The paper from Statistics Canada proposes to launch an experiment on measuring the activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Its major objective is to identify areas where more standardized and/or co-ordinated approaches in measuring the activities of MNEs could contribute to improved national and international economic statistics.
{"title":"Seeing the whole elephant: A proposed experiment on measuring the activities of multinational enterprises","authors":"Richard Barnabé","doi":"10.3233/SJU-2003-20213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SJU-2003-20213","url":null,"abstract":"A multinational enterprise (MNE) is a firm that has productive capacity in a number of countries. The profit and income flows it generates are part of foreign capital flows moving among nations. The role of multinational enterprises, or transnational corporations, becomes more important as countries adopt more open outward oriented approaches to economic growth and development. From the point of view of national statistical offices (NSOs), it has become a more pressing and significant challenge to provide illuminating insights into the functioning and role of multinational enterprises. MNEs, however, operate across geo-political boundaries and do not necessarily regard these boundaries as dominant factors in determining their forms of organization and information systems. The paper from Statistics Canada proposes to launch an experiment on measuring the activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Its major objective is to identify areas where more standardized and/or co-ordinated approaches in measuring the activities of MNEs could contribute to improved national and international economic statistics.","PeriodicalId":85585,"journal":{"name":"Statistical journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe","volume":"83 1","pages":"173-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88156731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"OECD's efforts to measure the activities of multinational enterprises","authors":"A. Wyckoff, Thomas Hatzichronoglou","doi":"10.3233/SJU-2003-20204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SJU-2003-20204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85585,"journal":{"name":"Statistical journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe","volume":"65 1","pages":"89-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83448127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact effect of globalisation on traditional statistical systems","authors":"Anna Meskó, Mária Farkasházi","doi":"10.3233/SJU-2003-20209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SJU-2003-20209","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85585,"journal":{"name":"Statistical journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe","volume":"23 1","pages":"145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80903503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
• the behaviour and performance of firms which operate across several countries; • relationships between firms across national boundaries; • the increasing ability of consumers to access international suppliers; • the international exploitation of intangible assets within firms, also accessible to consumers; • the decreasing importance of geography in the choices firms make about where to carry out specific parts of their operations, how much of their operations they choose to do themselves, and how they finance them.
{"title":"Globalisation: new needs for statistical measurement","authors":"R. Lynch, T. Clayton","doi":"10.3233/SJU-2003-20207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SJU-2003-20207","url":null,"abstract":"• the behaviour and performance of firms which operate across several countries; • relationships between firms across national boundaries; • the increasing ability of consumers to access international suppliers; • the international exploitation of intangible assets within firms, also accessible to consumers; • the decreasing importance of geography in the choices firms make about where to carry out specific parts of their operations, how much of their operations they choose to do themselves, and how they finance them.","PeriodicalId":85585,"journal":{"name":"Statistical journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe","volume":"76 1","pages":"121-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90839507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An overview of the CES seminar on 'Globalization and its impact on the world statistical system'","authors":"Philip Smith","doi":"10.3233/SJU-2003-20202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SJU-2003-20202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85585,"journal":{"name":"Statistical journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe","volume":"2015 1","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86105572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, countries have experienced difficulty in adjusting their data collection systems to the growth in the scale and complexity of international financial transactions. For portfolio investment, this may have resulted in a significant underreporting of both transactions in and holdings of portfolio investment assets. Concern over this development led the IMF Committee on Balance of Payments Statistics (IMF Committee) to promote the idea of an internationally co-ordinated benchmark survey of cross-border portfolio investment asset holdings broken down by the country of residence of the issuer. This paper reviews experience in conducting the first Co-ordinated Portfolio Investment Survey (CPIS) for end-December 1997 (in which twenty-nine mostly industrial countries participated), and the second CPIS for end-December 2001 (in which sixty-seven countries participated, covering all groups except some oil-exporting countries). The paper notes that the CPIS has achieved many of the objectives envisaged by the IMF Committee, including (i) the development and implementation by national compilers of best practices in conducting benchmark surveys of portfolio investment asset positions; (ii) provision of partner country data sources to national compilers for portfolio investment liability positions; (iii) creation of a global database for portfolio investment asset and liability positions (the latter from creditor sources). The paper discusses further work that is planned to fill gaps in the coverage of the CPIS database, reviews the role of the IMF in facilitating the efforts of participating countries, and draws lessons from the CPIS that can be applied to other projects in which an international agency can play a facilitating and co-ordinating role in working directly with interested national compilers to improve national and global statistics.
{"title":"The Co-ordinated Portfolio Investment Survey – A model to follow?","authors":"S. Quin","doi":"10.3233/SJU-2003-20212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SJU-2003-20212","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, countries have experienced difficulty in adjusting their data collection systems to the growth in the scale and complexity of international financial transactions. For portfolio investment, this may have resulted in a significant underreporting of both transactions in and holdings of portfolio investment assets. Concern over this development led the IMF Committee on Balance of Payments Statistics (IMF Committee) to promote the idea of an internationally co-ordinated benchmark survey of cross-border portfolio investment asset holdings broken down by the country of residence of the issuer. This paper reviews experience in conducting the first Co-ordinated Portfolio Investment Survey (CPIS) for end-December 1997 (in which twenty-nine mostly industrial countries participated), and the second CPIS for end-December 2001 (in which sixty-seven countries participated, covering all groups except some oil-exporting countries). The paper notes that the CPIS has achieved many of the objectives envisaged by the IMF Committee, including (i) the development and implementation by national compilers of best practices in conducting benchmark surveys of portfolio investment asset positions; (ii) provision of partner country data sources to national compilers for portfolio investment liability positions; (iii) creation of a global database for portfolio investment asset and liability positions (the latter from creditor sources). The paper discusses further work that is planned to fill gaps in the coverage of the CPIS database, reviews the role of the IMF in facilitating the efforts of participating countries, and draws lessons from the CPIS that can be applied to other projects in which an international agency can play a facilitating and co-ordinating role in working directly with interested national compilers to improve national and global statistics.","PeriodicalId":85585,"journal":{"name":"Statistical journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe","volume":"59 1","pages":"165-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76158843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objectives of this session were to identify globalisation issues that require action from the statistical community as well as to discuss future actions by the NSIs and international statistical organisations. At the session on the “Impact of Globalisation on Traditional Statistical Systems”, three invited papers were presented. These three papers emphasise different aspects of the subject matter. The paper submitted by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE, France) has a national concern and discusses why statisticians have to consider and measure financial results, assets and liabilities of subsidiaries abroad in order to assess profitability within the national territory. The paper by the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) concentrates on the role and influence of multinational companies (MNC) and the types of statistics that are required to answer those questions, i.e. “totality of the whole picture of multinationals”. The paper by the Office for National Statistics (ONS, United Kingdom) attempts to approach the subject matter both at the national and at the international level, i.e. ”looking at the elephant and understanding its various parts”. 1. ONS, UK: Globalisation – new needs for statistical measurement After discussing several measurement, classification and coverage issues, problems of national units in multinational enterprises, BoP and electronic trade issues, the ONS paper concludes by emphasising the need to understand and improve the data collection in these fields and the need to clarify the relationship between national and business accounting. The paper discusses the subject matter in a very detailed way and brings into mind several concerns. The following are especially worth highlighting: – Coordinated use of standards – Recording production of services according to the CPA (Classification of Products by Activity) is not compatible with export and import recording of services according to EBOPS (Extended Balance of Payments Services). As pointed out in the paper, efforts should be made to ensure that BoP reporting and other national reporting are compatible. – Transfer prices – Transfer pricing has a crucial impact on income and cost statements of the MNCs. But how should we address this very important quality issue? National laws on statistics in most countries do not let NSIs gather data from the MNCs as such.
本次会议的目的是确定需要统计界采取行动的全球化问题，并讨论国家统计研究所和国际统计组织的未来行动。在题为“全球化对传统统计系统的影响”的会议上，应邀发表了三篇论文。这三篇论文强调主题的不同方面。国家统计和经济研究所(INSEE，法国)提交的论文引起了全国的关注，并讨论了为什么统计学家必须考虑和衡量海外子公司的财务结果、资产和负债，以便评估国家领土内的盈利能力。美国经济分析局的文件集中讨论跨国公司的作用和影响，以及回答这些问题所需的统计数字类型，即"跨国公司的整体情况"。英国国家统计局(Office for National Statistics, ONS, United Kingdom)的这篇论文试图在国家和国际层面上处理这一问题，即“观察大象，了解它的各个部分”。1. 在讨论了几个测量、分类和覆盖问题、跨国企业的国家单位问题、国际收支和电子贸易问题之后，国家统计局的论文总结强调了理解和改进这些领域的数据收集的必要性，以及澄清国民核算和商业核算之间关系的必要性。这篇论文非常详细地讨论了这个问题，并提出了几个问题。以下是特别值得强调的:-标准的协调使用-根据CPA(按活动划分的产品分类)记录服务的生产与根据eops(扩展国际收支服务)记录服务的进出口不兼容。如文件所指出，应努力确保收支平衡表报告和其他国家报告相协调。-转移价格-转移定价对跨国公司的收入和成本报表有着至关重要的影响。但是我们应该如何解决这个非常重要的质量问题呢?大多数国家关于统计的国家法律不允许国家统计局从跨国公司收集数据。
{"title":"Discussant's comments on \"Impact of globalisation on traditional statistical systems\".","authors":"Svein Longva","doi":"10.3233/SJU-2003-20205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SJU-2003-20205","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this session were to identify globalisation issues that require action from the statistical community as well as to discuss future actions by the NSIs and international statistical organisations. At the session on the “Impact of Globalisation on Traditional Statistical Systems”, three invited papers were presented. These three papers emphasise different aspects of the subject matter. The paper submitted by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE, France) has a national concern and discusses why statisticians have to consider and measure financial results, assets and liabilities of subsidiaries abroad in order to assess profitability within the national territory. The paper by the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) concentrates on the role and influence of multinational companies (MNC) and the types of statistics that are required to answer those questions, i.e. “totality of the whole picture of multinationals”. The paper by the Office for National Statistics (ONS, United Kingdom) attempts to approach the subject matter both at the national and at the international level, i.e. ”looking at the elephant and understanding its various parts”. 1. ONS, UK: Globalisation – new needs for statistical measurement After discussing several measurement, classification and coverage issues, problems of national units in multinational enterprises, BoP and electronic trade issues, the ONS paper concludes by emphasising the need to understand and improve the data collection in these fields and the need to clarify the relationship between national and business accounting. The paper discusses the subject matter in a very detailed way and brings into mind several concerns. The following are especially worth highlighting: – Coordinated use of standards – Recording production of services according to the CPA (Classification of Products by Activity) is not compatible with export and import recording of services according to EBOPS (Extended Balance of Payments Services). As pointed out in the paper, efforts should be made to ensure that BoP reporting and other national reporting are compatible. – Transfer prices – Transfer pricing has a crucial impact on income and cost statements of the MNCs. But how should we address this very important quality issue? National laws on statistics in most countries do not let NSIs gather data from the MNCs as such.","PeriodicalId":85585,"journal":{"name":"Statistical journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe","volume":"6 1","pages":"107-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87381435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The analysis of firms' profitability: Why statisticians have to tackle globalisation issues","authors":"R. Depoutot","doi":"10.3233/SJU-2003-20208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SJU-2003-20208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85585,"journal":{"name":"Statistical journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe","volume":"13 1","pages":"135-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86462364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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